Biochemistry LMR - Dr.
Mohammed Azam
Pathway
Glycolysis/Embden Mayerhoff
Pathway (EMP)
Krebs Cycle /TCA cycle /Citric
Acid Cycle
Gluconeogenesis
Glycogenesis
Glycogenolysis
HMP Shunt/ Pentose Phosphate
pathway
Urea cycle/Ornithine Cycle
Beta oxidation of fatty acid
Ketogenesis
Fatty acid Synthesis
Cholesterol Synthesis
Purine Synthesis
CONSISTENCY is mantra of SUCCESS - Dr Mohammed Azam
Disease
Type I/ Von Gierke's Disease
Type II/Pompe's Disease
Type III/Cori's Disease
Type IV/ Anderson's Disease
Type V/ Mc Arlde's Disease
Type VI/ Her's Disease
Essential Fructosuria
Fructose Intolerance
Galactossemia
Phenylketonuria (Mousy/Musty odour)
Site Rate limiting enzyme
CARBOHYDRATE METABOLISM
Cytosol Phosphofructokinase-I (PFK-I)
Mitochondrial Matrix Isocitrate Dehydrogenase
Liver & Kidney ( Cytosol & Fructose 1,6-bisphosphatase
Mitochondria)
Liver & Skeletal muscle (Cytosol) Glycogen Synthase
Liver & Skeletal muscle (Cytosol) Glycogen Phosphorylase
Cytosol Glucose-6-Phosphate
dehydrogenase (G6PD)
PROTEIN METABOLISM
Liver (Cytosol & Mitochondria) Carbamoyl Phosphate Synthase-I
(CPS-I)
LIPID METABOLISM
Mitochondria Carnitine Acyl Transferase-I (CAT-
I)
Mitochondria HMG CoA Synthase
Cytosol Acetyl CoA Carboxylase
Cytosol HMG CoA Reductase
NUCLEOTIDE METABOLISM
PRPP glutamyl Amidotransferase
Enzyme Deficient
Carbohydrates
Glucose-6-phosphatase
Acid Maltase
Debranching Enzyme
Branching Enzyme
Muscle Glycogen Phosphorylase
Hepatic Glycogen Phosphorylase
Fructokinase
Aldolase B
Galactose-1-phosphatase uridyl transferase
Protein's
Phenylalanine Hydroxylase
Alkaptonuria /Black Urine Disease Homogentisate Oxidase
Maple Syrup Urine Disease (Burnt Sugar Odour) Branched Chain Keta Acid
Dehydrogenase/Decarboxylase
Lipid Storage Diseases
Niemann Pick Disease Sphingomyelinase
Gaucher's Disease Beta-Glucocerebrosidase
Krabbe's Disease Beta- Galactocerebrosidase
Fabry's Disease Alpha- Galactocerebrosidase
Tay Sach's Disease Hexosaminidase A
Sand Hoff's Disease Hexosaminidase A & B
Nucleotide's
Lesch Nyhan Syndrome HGPRT
Gout Hyperuricemia

CONSISTENCY is mantra of SUCCESS - Dr Mohammed Azam

Amino Acid Special Product

Tyrosine Melanin, T3, T4, Catecholamines
Tryptophan Melatonin, Serotonin, Vit B3
Histidine Histamine
Arginine Nitric Oxide (NO)

Inhibitor
Flouride Enolase ( Glycolysis)
Barbiturates(Phenobarbitone) and Rotenone Complex-I (ETC)
Malonate Complex-II (ETC)
CO, CN, H2S Complex-IV (ETC)
Oligomycin Complex-V (ETC) - ADP to ATP Conversion

Classification of Amino Acids

Aliphatic Amino Acid Glycine, Alanine, Valine, Leucine, Isoleucine
Hydroxyl group containing Amino Acid Serine, Threonine
Sulphur containing Amino Acid Cysteine, Methionine
Acidic Amino Acid Aspartic Acid, Glutamic Acid, Asparagine,
Glutamine
Basic Amino Acid Lysine, Arginine, Histidine
Aromatic Amino Acid Tyrosine, Tryptophan, Phenylalanine
Imino Acid Proline
Essential Amino Acid Tryptophan, Valine, Threonine, Isoleucine,Leucine,
Lysine, Phenylalanine, Methionine (TV TILL 8 PM)
Semi Essential Amino Acid Arginine, Histidine
Ketogenic Amino Acid Leucine, Lysine
Glucogenic and Ketogenic Amino Acid Tyrosine, Tryptophan, Phenylalanine, Isoleucine
Glucogenic Amino Acid Rest All
21st Amino Acid Selenocysteine (UGA)
22nd Amino Acid Pyrrolysine (UAG)
 Fatty Acids
Essential Fatty Acids Linoleic Acid, Linolenic Acid, Arachidonic Acid

Miscellaneous
1. Uncouplers - 2,4-DNP, Aspirin.
(Physiological Uncouplers- Thermogenin, Thyroxine)
2. Lipoproteins with highest cholesterol - LDL.

3. Lipoprotein with highest triglyceride - Chylomicron.

4.Nature of Enzymes - Apoenzyme + Coenzyme = Holoenzyme

5. Competitive Inhibition- Vmax Same and Km increases.

6. Non Competitive Inhibition - Km Same and Vmax decreases.

7. Cofactors
Mineral Function
Cobalt Constituent Vitamin B12
Chromium Potentiate the action of insulin
Flouride Constituent of bone and teeth
Iodine Thyroid Hormone Synthesis
Molybdenum Cofactor for Xanthine Oxidase

Selenium Cofactor for Glutathione Peroxidase and Deiodinase

Zinc Cofactor for

Carbonic Anhydrase
Lactate dehydrogenase
Alcohol dehydrogenase
Alkaline Phosphatase

Manganese Cofactor for

Arginase
Carboxylase
Kinase
Enolase

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-:Compiled By :-
Dr. Mohammed Azam
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