𝐼𝑛𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑠𝑎 𝑢𝑛𝑒𝑖 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒

𝐹𝑖𝑒 𝐴 ∈ 𝑀𝑛 (ℝ), 𝑛 = 2,3

1) ∃ 𝐴−1 <=> det 𝐴 ≠ 0

1
2) 𝐴−1 = det 𝐴 ∙ 𝐴∗ 𝑚𝑎𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑒𝑎 𝑎𝑑𝑗𝑢𝑛𝑐𝑡𝑎 (𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑐𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑎𝑧𝑎 𝑑𝑖𝑛 𝐴𝑡 )

3 4
𝐸𝑥 1 ∶ 𝐴 = ( )
−1 −1
3 4
det 𝐴 = | | = −3 + 4 = 1 ≠ 0 => ∃ 𝐴−1
−1 −1
1
𝐴−1 = det 𝐴 ∙ 𝐴∗ 𝑨∗ 𝒔𝒆 𝒄𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒆𝒂𝒛𝒂 𝒅𝒊𝒏 𝑨𝒕 (𝑠𝑒 𝑐ℎ𝑖𝑚𝑏𝑎 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑎𝑛𝑎 𝑐𝑢 𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑖𝑎)

3 −1 𝑎11 𝑎12 −1 −4
𝐴𝑡 = ( ) 𝐴∗ = (𝑎 𝑎22 ) 𝐴∗ = ( )
4 −1 21 1 3

explicativ:

𝑎11 = (−1)2 ∙ −1 = −1

𝑎12 = (−1)3 ∙ 4 = −4

𝑎21 = (−1)3 ∙ −1 = 1

𝑎22 = (−1)4 ∙ 3 = 3

1 −1 −4 −1 −4
𝐴−1 = 1 ∙ ( )=( )
1 3 1 3
1 2 3
𝐸𝑥 2: 𝐴 = (−1 2 1) , 𝐴−1 = ?
1 0 2
1 2 3
𝑪𝒂𝒍𝒄𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒎 𝐝𝐞𝐭 𝑨 |−1 2 1| = 4 − 0 + 2 − 6 − 0 + 4 = 10 − 6 = 4 ≠ 0 ∃ 𝐴−1
1 0 2
1 −1 1 4 −4 −4
1
𝐴−1 = det 𝐴 ∙ 𝐴∗ ,𝐴𝑡 = (2 2 0) 𝐴∗ = ( 3 −1 −4) , (−1)𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 = 1 ; (−1)𝑖𝑚𝑝𝑎𝑟𝑎 = −1
3 1 2 −2 2 4
2 0
𝑎11 = (−1)2 | |=4−0=4
1 2
2 0
𝑎12 = (−1)3 | | = −(4 − 0) = −4
3 2
2 2
𝑎13 = (−1)4 | | = 2 − 6 = −4
3 1
 −1 1
𝑎21 = (−1)3 | | = −(2 − 1) = 3
1 2
1 1
𝑎22 = (−1)4 | | = 2 − 3 = −1
3 2
1 −1
𝑎23 = (−1)5 | | = −(1 + 3) = −4
3 1
−1 1
𝑎31 = (−1)4 | | = 0 − 2 = −2
2 0
1 1
𝑎32 = (−1)5 | | = −(0 − 2) = 2
2 0
1 −1
𝑎33 = (−1)6 | |=2+2=4
2 2
4 −4 −4
1
𝐴−1 = 4 ∙ ( 3 −1 −4)
−2 2 4