KHWOPs COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Department of Civil Engineering Engineering Geology = Ss, ey = won Seale 1/5000 Given are the spot height (m) of an area, draw contour tines with interval of 100 m and draw a cross-section along AB and describe the topography.= € a s = Ss 5 -Soeton Cross:TOPOGRAPHIC DescereTION + vesen The maxtmum eind mintmum elevations eee are two 18 of 600m and soom respectively In west to eat Lin the ma, Ivers, On@ OM the top which is flOwiNY west to Southeast! direction and anothor viver t¢ flowing 7 titude of 600m direction: Tere are ‘tog peoks both at the a & forma Aridge 18 oriented jrom northwest 0 ce ing sides tong Narraw rarsed tand formation with S| wd formed by the meeting of too faces of noun ave consists Of a chain of mountain ov billig There d west. three spurs oriented Along north, southeast in fore 18 a saddie Cie Lowe st route onwhich one could Pass Deween to summits) in between two peaks - aKHWOPa COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Department of Civil Engineering Engineering Geology = 4:20000 Map no.2 Inthe area five conformable beds (A.B, and) are exposed wher the thickness of8,C and D are 300,200 and 450 m respectively. DIC junction on outros at an elevation of 1800 m, Al beds ‘are horizontal Complete the outro pata of the beds and cross section long XY nea Ma ong xy pro 2 al - ‘ Geolag agieas cross 500"Descrfption of map nag 7) TOPOGRAPHIC Descerpriony The maateram ane ei of 2400m and 1300, either side of tha pe, to southeast diroe 2400m- There are & clirection: inthe map is | ‘nimum elevations present a ak and both ave Flowing from mont e lion Thera ig one peak St the altitude. 6 “89 Spurs atong northwest and east 8) GEOLOGICAL DESCRIPTION 2 No: of beds and order There are 5 number of be. bed@, bed. bed D an, f superposition de namely bed A 1d bed E. Amon, € Oldest bed and” bed The order of superposi in figure 4ig'Order of superposition 2) Geological Structure All the beds are hovizontar 3) Thickness of Beads 450m, 200mnt of Civil Engineering COLE Lansing oxamet orem qmrvss A 09/800 1400 690/400 1300 900 1500 780/300 /600 00/4100 1900 00/50/00 SCALE 1:10,000 No. 4 1: Continuous lines on the map indicates the upper boundary of the outerop of hot grade limestone bed outcrop pattern of the limestone bed assuming a consta trace on the outcrops of two other beds. whioch are 100 om vertically above the first drawn limestone be eG ang AB and locate a cuatty site of the construction maAs Tame GRAPHIC DeccePTiON 5,48 Nays.ee os A TOPOGRAPHIC De scerprion | The maximum an | coom and 400m reg, ‘of 600m and 500m from northwest 46 inthe map f ‘J minimum elevation present Aen pee Pectively. The ave two peaks There te a riciga along #hese PEK Oriented $Outh coat Y OF beds namely bed A, bed @, beac and bey fees vey Gearhite te tt and ea nanan / “on ie gn der of Men im tne gure 1p Ord bon 2 Geological Stracture Aulthe beds are inclineg. 3 Thickness of beds eds D c 8 A 4 attitude of bede Tnsketrfkaiof the bene 1g and 148 dip direction is northusest The elevation dlfference Between the Strike ines is loom ong tne Perpendicular distance between them fs (29x10) =230m Then the dip angle is eitulatet dip amount ¢o) ) VD = Verttea distance 1D MD= Horizontal distance =! ( 409 = ban'( 09 @ = 19-005"STUDY AND IDENTIETCATOR! GF ROCKS IN HANDSPECIMEN Sampleno: mrRy A) PHYBIEAL PROPER reg 4. COLOUR + Black 2 TEATURE: Non- crystalline 3: STRUCTURE: ovation plang 4, CLEAVAGE + Slaty 5. GRAIN SIZE: Fine 6 SP. GRAVITY: Medrum T-MINERAL COMPOSI TrOR, * Micas, chlorite, horn- blende, quartz, feldspar, tron oxtale g 3 ROCK TYPE: Metamorphre 10 IDENTIFICATION: gigie 8) ENGINEERING PROPERTIEg + STRENGTH: Low 2 DRILLABILITY: High 3 BLASTIBILITY : Louw 4. USES: Locally used as roofing materials, as flooring materior ©) MODE OF FoRmaATION tow heat ane] prescur® on clay and voleanic ash- thie ig: ee STODY AND ZDENTIE TCA OR) oF ROCKS IN HANDSPECIMEN \ Sample n0- SDR. 5 A) PHYSICAL PROPERr Teg # COLOUR : Grey 2. TEXTURE = Non G estallin 5 STRUCTURE: Beaain ® a + CLEAVAGE + ‘Agecdd Plane 5: GRAIN GIRE ? Fing 6 SP. GRAVITY: Medium te ON a Geert cre tenets ore | mica. feldepar garnet: Coy and tron 8 DIAGNOSTIC PROPERT rEg, Crystalline, fine grain ry | * Sandstone | 9 ROCK TYPE : Cedlimanta 10. IDENTIFICATION 8) ENGINEERING PRopeaTreg 4 STRENGTH: Low 2 DRILLABILITY: High 3 BLASTIQILITY: Low \ 4 USES: Common building stone, good source of ground eater, road ahgregate C) MODE OF FORMATION = by Lithifreation processSTUDY AND TOENTIEZEaron oF RocKE IN HANDSPECIMEN | Sample no. Mre 5 ©) PHYSICAL PROPERT Eg + COLOUR: Black © TEXTURE: Crystaiiing 5 STRUCTURE : ) CLEAVAGE : 5. GRAIN size: Medias! 5 GP. GRavrTy : High MINERAL COMPOSITION : Quartz, Rardspar, amphibole, mrcos Pyroxene , tron PIAGNOSTIC PROPERTIES: Gneissic cleavage » ROCK TYPE : Metamorahre 0: IDENTIFICATION ; Gneres 8) ENGINEERING PROPERTIES 4. STRENGTH : High 9. DRILLABILITY: Low 3: QLASTIQTLITY: High y. USES : used as fmportant road stone and butiding stone, to reinforce shoreLines ) MODE OF FORMATION. ~ Metamorphosis at grants —. PECIMEN NN HANDS STUDY AND IDENTIEICATION oF ROCKS T Sample no- TGR 9 PHYSICAL PROPERTIEg 1 CoLouR: Wuhtee 2 TERTURE: Cyetalling B STRUCTURE: Moscive ang Interlocking “\ CLEAVAGE + Abscong 5 GRAIN size: Coarse 2. GRavity : High TINERAL COMPOS TT € Mostly quartz, feldespar,micas, 8 *burmaiine , orthoc lace RENOSTIC POPE RTI eg Massive andl seif interlocking OK TYPE: Toneous CPlutonie ) OIDENTIICATION : Granny b) ENGINEERING PROPERTIEg 8 STRENGTH: High & DRILLABILITY : Lous ® BLASTIBIUTy ; High * USES : In Monuments and memorials, good butldin Stone , O4 & flooring material. ay column and gtepg tn butlding 7 MODE OF FORMA rig(K—— > Crystatiie AHN OF magmaie ere 4 - IMEN NN HARIDSPEC STUDY AND IDENTIFICATION OF ROCKS T! Sample no. TGR 2 > PHYSICAL PROPERTIEg 1 COLOUR; huhite EXTURE! Cryetalling © STRUCTURE? Massive ang ‘* CLEAVAGE : Abeceng ® GRAIN size: & SP. gravity : Interlocking Coarse High AINERAL COMPOST Fog, * mostly quartz, feldespar, micas, ‘urmaine , orthoc lose © OIAGNOSTIC PROpC ere g Massive and seif inlerlocking OCK TYPE: Toneous Cplatone 10 TDENTIEICATION : Grontie © ENGINEERING PRopERTiEg STRENGTH: High & DRILLABILITY ; Louw BUSTIBIUTY ; High MODE OF FoRmaTigg ~ Crystaliization of magma,4 INDSPECIMEN | STUDY AND IDENTIFIcarion) of ROCKS IN HAND: Sample 70: MTR~ yo D PHYSICAL PROPER T eg 1 COLOUR : Gray » TEXTURE : Non-crrstatting $ STRUCTURE: Polration I CLEAVAGE: Schistoscity GRAIN SIZE: Ping SP.GRAVITY : Medium MINERAL COMPOSI TIGA, ; Mrcas, chlorite, horn- blende, quartz, feldspar, rronoxrdes 5 DIAGNOSTIC PROPERTIES : ROCK TYPE: Metamorphre 0. IDENTIFICATION Phy ite Schistoseity end non Cry stellin: *) ENGINEERING PROPERTTES 4 STRENGTH; Low > DRILLABILITY : High s BLASTIBILITY + Low “USES: ed as aggregate ©) MODE oF FORMATION ~ Metamorphosis of slatesTuDy AND ONS CaFiG GPRS FO HADOERECINES | Sample Ao: oneg e 4) PHYSTOAL PROPER Treg + COLOUR : Yaro.g 2. TEXTURE : Won. Custating \ 3 SrucTYRE ; Bedding \ I CLEAVAGE 3 ~ \ > GRAIN 825 2 Cage SGP. GRAVITY + High MINERAL COMPOSITION, DIAGNOSTIC PRoPeRrzeg , Coaree grainsige and bedding | ROCK TYPE : Sedimentary, D-ERGINEERING Daop STRENGTH: Low “PRILCABILITy: High SLASTIBILUITY: Low OSES: in foundation. ax ornamentar Stone, architectures Const chien, e+: ) MODE OF FQ RMATIO N) By Uthifi Feation procesgHANDSPECIMEN Sample no: MTRG, ) PHYSICAL PROPERT IEG . COLOUR > White TEXTURE ! Cyslatting STRUCTURE : Fauarey |. CLEAVAGE : Seritoety GRAIN 832E Medien SP.GRAVITY: Medtiun, MINERAL COMPOGITION, Gaara, chenst ite " chtovite , muscov DIAGNOSTIC PROPERTIEg , Schtstosstty , crystalline ROCK TYPE + Matamerphte 9. IDENTIFICATION, . Geunetifarroua ENGTDE RING PROPERTIEg STRENGTH + High DRILABILITY : Low GUASTI@ILaTy ; High OSES for archtiecsure and inlortor dleaign, ) MODE or FORMATION), Metamorphism of sumestoneP. _——_—_ (Gomple MTR | PRYSZCAL PROPER ' couoR + Okada TEKTURE : Geystalttng | gRUCTURE = Pobaticn | weAVAGE + Graiscogery ge SIZE: Coarse Lp gaeveny: igh MINERAL W COMPOSETION; gute, Feldapar mice DIAGNOSTIC PROPERTY eg, Gneiesossity , augen shape 4g, ROCK TYPE : Metamerphte | g RERTIFICATION: agen Grates 5) ENGINEERING Properties STRENGTH : Hugh PDRILLA BILITY + Lew seuasTigiLiTy: Hugh USES: aA ornamantas stone , for flooring .grarestonziete MODE OF FORMATION By metamorphism and shearing Of gniessUPAYEIOAL PROP CRree« 1 COLOUR: Grey TEXTURE : Men. c : TRUCTURE : Bean me os eckting ,OUEAVAGE: 5GRAIN SIZE: Ping pSP.GRAVITY: Macttiim a) ENGINEERING Properties 1 STRENGTH > Uno LAGILETY : Hégh TIBILITY: Low + Manu facture of Clog products and brick OF FORMATION — Hbification process {Compaction of fine grained clay particlesa Gamplt No TGR. a. ies — |p PHYSICAL PROPER 1 COLOUR? Witla ‘ ! TORTURE : Onge tating 5 STRUCTORE: Mase yg an, thier! » CLEAVAGE; d bighty inva locking 5900 8125: Cog, oP GRAVITY: Mean, FMINERAL CompdGiri9 * Tourmaline, feldspar, Quarts, Mica, SORIMOSTIC PROPE are, TWH AAuimaring 4H TYPE: Igy, S: Massive R highly Inferlocking » DENTIFICATION Pagmatite 2) ENGINEERING PROPERT DEG STRENGTH: High 2 DRILLABILITY : Low } BASTIBILITY:; High, 8 OSES: architectural stone, 7 Te \counertope of butiding , et ©) MODE OF FORMATION by Slew cooling af magma,‘ion College oar Department of CM Engineering ‘de expored in the mapper ares, Topography ofthe areas andicated by the contour lines, Describe the geology ofthe area with crss-acton along AB, © Deecibe the grooundater potential of the area Could yow ruggest tho ate for tho mineral wate proton induety> hey) TOPOGRAPHIC. PESCRIPTIQN nal In thit MAP, the may}, minimum aration 78° '800m “4M etevation ie seoom and +e 5 Gend420AL Descerprgy, | samt Bede and order og Superposition There Ore fOUr numbe, of = Position arcseton, name! fone fortone bed (6), an Prous Sandstone beg ¢ and shasta these beda, we (8 ‘rot ‘ower Sandétong bed ig. | | 2 Gealegical Structure | Ai becls. Dre dovwnorched se thay are conven downword and Ehe ee ia At centre it ig inclined and fs called SeeytneirFe sgncah ae: The ania! plana te 3 Tifckness of beds [tes 4 Altitude of beds ‘The strike of the beds + NHN and He dip direction ts Nurth- East. The contour interval behaeen the Girlke Lines i¢ S00m 28 the perpendicular digsanc™ Rem dn Left Limb tg (21x500% S80 and! on right Limb 16. ( 3 5) 20m. 80 the dip angie of Lefties tg tar! (S02) - 254 KHWOPA COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Department of Civil Engineering> | fag 298 20 Orch of ssperpaston | ro $ve Citferent beds 6.6.0.0 and | o them A is thy nod the oldest bed | Egoungest bed is €- the order i fegposttion #6 shown in figure i + of superposition | gotegtea! Structure 4g: Order of superposition | an eds 2x2 folded upward ie they are conver elowonoar | ge the gounges: rock 1¢ ak contre and the oldest atthe | janks* ME AWat plane is inclined and WO Limbs Are oop 0004 from the aris with arfferent angles an ts | alle asymmetric sgncling | Attitude of beds | trike: North- South | Dip-direction of western Limb: NE or SE Dip Amount of western Unb: 30° Dip direction of eastern Lind: Nid or Sh) Dip amount of eastern Lmb: sx Dip direction of axioL plane : Nit Dip amount of crial plane: 65° + Geolggicad toy During the process of folding the youes Layer are cod eoveraly becaund intense Force acting cee Due bo this gevere force, there involves +he em the Oe OS tha rock masses ~esuleing i thinner ve tastic O°" epteker eroughs:4006 0 ypof be08 and order of super position nore are five different beds namely 4,8,C,.D d & Among them A is the oldest one and & the youngest becl The order of auper position jg GhOwN TH figure astde | fy: og oh eition | i guologteas Shucture y ar to have Ail bed O° ‘ncined-and the hanging wae OPPET oa moved up With respect to the fookwall and 7 yoverse JQult: | Attitude of yocks trike: North South Dipdirection: SW or Sid Dip amount :0° + Geolagicar History Due to the influence of ehecses developing from within the Earth , the rock masses Adjuse +hemsaves by fractunng. And along these fractures the relating Movement of th blote post eachother (re displacement) occur eee results the Shortening of the crust of Earth and gming MSC 4O present Condition oF rocks.00: “of Beds And orde, of pat Ft 19 90: OF bede name poh Among them + 4g pd aNd A IS tHE OIdoxt bed of UPPTPOSIFION Is Shown, iy tigure. superposition ly AiBiC.De jae the youngest The order, 5 48 org f eto aolggteal Structure - pavediff pre upper and [Wer the surface ef ynconformid Org i Ininalion The Oldest rock. oi res the pos!eon age! pase And upper layer are younger in geolog'coX ascending order. The resulting Ghuchue 1 angatax uneanforrn! HY Attitude. of rocks For lower incline beds Dip dire. se Dipamount : 65" For upper horizontal eds Strike: NG Dip -dir?-.- dip amount:o* H+ Geolggicat History ‘Tha Ck deposiied Ina horigental Layer fe tilted and then: eroded by aifferent agente: Wlhen erosiun Stops & Mud horizontoL Layer ie depos/ied an the top of Vhe tilted Layer and take the bed to presenk Condition tn nakure. —————sock 00.8yx 00:8 wood beds and order of super position: moe 27% 9 M0-0f bode pam des BEC) bed Dy beare, fae hee dnt ond Ded T-Here veda, beac and JE Ore TPLOHED: The orge of super siEIOM TS Shown, j Ye 0 tgure = ition of superprs! 1 Geoleg'eat Structure ae 7 Here both anticline and gyncline fold ave present cents with the Joint and clscordent structure re dyke Omer” qntsopped beFwWeen the anticline fold. Unconformity Cove tne erodea dyke folded and jointed shucture of older oc 4) Attitude Of bed Strike: NS Dip dirt: Nw Dip amount : 67° Geolagicar History : Due to the feclonic activities the compressive force from the One or bofh side creates the ductile deforma tion tn the rock which eaults to form anticline and gyncline fold: Due to the unbalanced force , the faults, Joints and fractures Ore creakd- When the molten magma, enters the verteal features and cool down | Ab “tha depth to form she volcanic Structure dike | | hater due 40 the erosion they Gre exposed to Nature Aftersometime , the erosion stops and clepasition Starts Covering Jhe eusting shucture