The Problem of the Re (e)d Sea 219

expresses this doubt that this branch of the Nile flowed, as el-Shazly prosed, to the area
east of Lake Bardawil or Ostracine, based on the presence of Nilotic deposits in that area.
Weissbrod, who did some investigation in this area, believes they could have come from
the Pelusiac and Tanitic branches and were deposited east along the Sinai coast because of
the prevailing Mediterranean currents which run west to east along Egypt's coast.
83 Carol Redmount, On an Egyptian/Asiatic Frontier: An Archaeological History of the
WadiTumilat (Ann Arbor: University Microfilms International, 1989) 39.
84 Karl Baedeker, Egypt and the Sudan (Leipzig: Baedeker, 1908) 182.
85 Ibid.
86 Redmount,JNES 54 no. 2 (1995) 127-128.
87 S. C. Bartlett, From Egypt to Palestine Through the Wilderness and the South Country
(New York: Harper, 1879) 157-159.
88 Manashe Har-el, The Sinai Journeys: The Route of the Exodus (San Diego:
Ridgefield, 1983) 143.
89 The Other Side of the Jordan (Cambridge, Mass.: ASOR, 1970) 106-137.
90 "A Reappraisal of the Site Archaeologist Nelson Glueck Identified as King
Solomon's Red Sea Port," BAR 12 no. 5 (1986) 24-35.
91 Glueck, Other Side of the Jordan, 107.
92 Redmount, "Canal of the Pharaohs," 128; Simons, Geographical and Topographical
Texts, §423.
93 Biblical Researches in Palestine and the Adjacent Regions, 2 vols. (Boston: Crocker and
Brewster, 1860) 61. I gratefully acknowledge receiving this reference from Dr. Rodger
Dalman.
94 The present distance between the Bitter Lakes and the Gulf of Suez is about eigh-
teen kilometers.
95 H. H. Lamb, Climate: Present, Past and Future, vol. 2 (London: Methuen, 1977) 347
and Ronald Pearson, Climate and Evolution (New York: Academic Press, 1978) 204.
96 Cassuto, Commentary on Exodus, 167. Dr. Weissbrod told me he has seen a watery
section of the Isthmus of Suez transformed in a matter of hours by a dust storm into hard
Copyright © 1999. Oxford University Press, Incorporated. All rights reserved.

land—in other words, the phenomenon opposite to that encountered by Napoleon and
others.
97 Ibid.
98 From Egypt to Palestine, 163 - 164.
99 For a recent discussion of the possible circumstances of the Israelite crossing of the
sea, cf. Doron Nof and Nathan Paldor, "Are There Oceanographic. Explanations for the
Israelites'Crossing the Red Sea?" Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 73 no. 3
(1992) 305-314. For a recent treatment of the Israelite sea crossing compared with other
historical analogies, cf. Stanislav Segert, "Crossing the Waters: Moses and Hamilcar,"JAf£5
53 (1994) 195-203.
100 The Sinai Journeys: The Route of the Exodus (San Deigo: Ridgefield, 1983) 312.
101 Dr. Weissbrod has kindly passed this information on to me. He anticipates that
space-shuttle radar images will assist in determining tectonic activity in this region.
102 JBL 102 n. I (1983) 28.
103 Ward, VT. ^it (1974) 340-342.
104 Baedeker's Egypt 1929 (London: Allen and Unwin, 1929) 198.
105 Redmount, On an Egyptian/Asiatic Frontier, 36-37.
106 In the United States, halophytes grow along the coast ofVirginia, South Carolina,
and Georgia in swamps connected to the Atlantic Ocean, and the concentration of salt in
these swamps is actually higher than the seawater. I owe this information on halophytes to

Hoffmeier, James K.. Israel in Egypt : The Evidence for the Authenticity of the Exodus Tradition, Oxford University
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