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    Differential and Integral Calculus N Piskunov PDF

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    Sampath N

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    N. PISKUNOV DIFFERENTIAL and INTEGRAL CALCULUS MIR PUBLISHERS Moscow 1969 TRANSLATED FROM THE RUSSIAN BY 0. YANKOVSKY H.C Mexyos AVOSEPEHUHANBHOE H HHTETPARBHOE HCWHCAEHHA Ha aneonsenon saene CONTENTS Preface (Chapter 1. NUMBER. VARIABLE. FUNCTION Real Numbers, Real Numbers as Points on a Number Scale 13 ‘The Absolute Value of a Real ‘Number ir Variables and Constants. 16 ‘The Range of Variable 6 Grdeed Variables. Increasing Variables seane Function a ays af Representing Functions ¢ Bale Elementary Functions. Eenetaty’ Forti eaie Fonctions sees ese n= Perr 10. Baler Coordinate Sytem DD D2I02 Exercises on Chapter Te ess ONE MALE (Chapter 11, LIMIT. CONTINUITY OF A FUNCTION 1 Te Lint of Vari. An Tatty tage Vs 4 Bie Li of aan Ae tate aaa 3 ila Mca ny’ Sided nding © 2S é a i 8 6. The Lint ofthe Function HF eg sss o Pie lumber ess est erases. Sa ERA uias SELL ciipinin® 3 Coma Amie 2 2 Si 18, SOU Bape Sioa Fuains 222022222 a It Goan etme, Seo SID 8 Powe m Gp I 8 Chapter I. DERIVATIVE. AND DIFFERENTIAL A. Velocity of Motion oe oe vv eee eee ee ee 2 Detiniton of Derivative 22D T LILI D iii iiit Dh & Geometric Meaning of the Derivative 122222222 22122 a 4 Diferentiablity of Functions ens LTT Lt a 5: Finding the Derivatives of Elementary’ Functions’ The ‘Derivative of the Function y =a", Where n Is Poslive and Integral. sss =» 8 6, Derivatives of the Functions yesin st y=cotx % 4. Darnativs of; a Constant te Produ oa Contant by & Funston 2'Sum, a Product, anda Quotient 0 8, The Derivative of’ « Logarithmic Funct Dill Be 8; The Derivative of a Composite Function. ©: | tas 10; Derivatives of the Functions y=tonx, y—eot#, yoin{e] 2.2 S 8 4 Contents 11. An Implicit Function and Its Differentiation. 12, Derivatives of & Power Function for an Arbitrary Real Exponent, “of an Exponential Funcion, nd a Compile Exponential Function". 81 13, An Inverse Function and’ Ite Different Dlg MM Inverse Trigonomettic Functions and Their Dilfereniistion << << 96 15, Table of Basle Differentiation Formulas =. es 2112S 02 16. Parametric Representation of a Function <2 120 D122 DI it 103 17. The Equations of Certain Curves in Parametric Form” <2 222. 2 105 8, The Derivative of a Function Represented Parametricaliy” <<.‘ ° 108 19. Hyperbolic Functions 500 20, The Differential Dos BL. The Geometric Signiticsnce of the Differential | 12121! erat B2 Derivatives of Different Orders. ss SS Ltt ue 28, Diferentials of Various Orders 222122 I ITLL 12 24, Different-Order Derivatives of ‘Impiicit’” Functions’ and ot Functions Represented Paramelrically 9. once cert ent + r 25. The Mechanical Significance of ihe Second Derivative |. ° 24 26. The Equations of @ Tangent and of a Normal. ‘The Lengths of ihe Subtangent and the Subnormal = +. ar 27. The Geometric Significance of the Beriva with Respect to the Polar Angles ss tse cere ee eee 9 Exercises on Chapter Is. oe oe eee rrr 130 (Chapter 1V. SOME THEOREMS ON DIFFERENTIABLE FUNCTIONS 1. A Theorem on the Roots of a Derivative (Rolle’s Theorem) 2. A Theorem on Finite Iyerements (Lagrange's Theorem). 3A Theorem ‘on the Ratto of thes Increments of. Two (Cauchy's Theorem) ee eee eet pee eee ett (he lito Rat lin (Eaton ot indie nimte Ferme ote Type) eee ee veces “ 5. The Lint fa Rell Tw Iily Large Quant Eton Ot ndeminte Fms the Ty8 Z) eee eee ee MO §, Feats Rome pe cv s-as cases watigee cole» ie 7. Expansion of the Functions ¢,'sin x, ‘ard'eds x in'a Taylor Series 1 156 Exercises on Chapler Ves ve vee t ete c ete cece 6 1D (Chapter V. INVESTIOATING THE BEHAVIOUR OF FUNCTIONS 1. Statement of the Problem 0 vo. eee ee ee 21 Inerease and Decrease of '@ Function 3. Maxima and Minima of Functions. < 4 Testing a Differentiable Function for Maximum” and Misimuim with aFirst Derivative see ee ee et ete et B."Teing Function fot Maximum ‘aid’ Niu ‘with ‘second Derivative vos. PCCP Cer 6. Maxima and Minime of a Function ‘of an‘Interwal” VL. LL 178 Contents 5 7. Applying the Theory of Maxima and Minima of Functions to the Solution of Problems 19 8. Testing @ Function for'Naxiniuin ard Minimum by Means’ of Tajlor’s Fol sent eee nt nes + ne 18h 9. Convexity' and Concavily'of # Curve. Boinis of tatiection” S213 HO. Asymploles ee ee ee ee 9 1 General lan Jor investigating Fuvetions” ahd Consircting “GFephs 194 12 lnveligting carat Repeated Premeliely 199 Exercises on Chapter V voile 73 Chapter VI. THE CURVATURE OF A CURVE 1, The Length of an Are and Its Derivative «5... we = 208 2 Curvature. 5. Galeulation of Curva nt 4 Gileulation of the Curvature oi a Line Represenied Patametrically | | 215, 5, Galeulation of ‘the Curvature of a Line Given by am Equation of Polar Coordinates. ws eee nee 215 6. The Radius and Circie of Curvature. Centre of Curvature! Evolite and Involute st eee ete vee QT 7. The Properties of an Evoluie™ eee it 3. Approximating the Real Roots ofan Equation’ | 2... 15 Exercises on Chapter Vive ee eee a een ner 29 (Chapter Vil. COMPLEX NUMBERS. POLYNOMIALS, 1. Complex Numbers. Basic Definitions... . - er 2% Basle Operations on Complex Numbers 222222001 3. Bowers and Rools of Complex Numbers "© 4 Exponential Function with Complex Expose and its Broperties << & Euler's Formula. The Exponential Form of « Complex Number’. « « & Factoring’ s Polynomial enn ees Name et 7. The Multiple Roots of a Polynomial = ve 1 Factorisatlon of a Polynomial in the Caie of Compiex Rodis: ! 9, interpolation. Lagrange’s Interpolation Farmuly 0. 2: 10; On the Best Approximation of Functions by Polynomials. Chebyshev's Thory erste neces tentewtenetenees ves 282, Exercises on Chaplet VII oo es B58 (Chapter VItl FUNCTIONS OF SEVERAL VARIABLES 1. Definition of a Function of Several Variables 7 255, 2 Geometric Representation of a Function of Two eee) 3. Partial and Total Increment of a Function... +. +: 1359 4 Continuity of 3 Funetion of Several Variables © 022< 222. 2 380 5, Pattial Derivatives of a Function of Several Variables «<2 2. 2S 208 6. The Geometric Interpretation ofthe Partial Derivatives of une: tion of Two Variables coe eee ee 264 7, Total Increment and Total Dimerentiais © << SpcoogoE.| 8 Approximation by Total Differentials... 2222222022205 258 9, Error Approximation by Differentials «<2. 0 2 2? Dilan 10; The Derivative of a Composite Function’ The Toial Derivative ¢ 2° 273 MI; The Derivative of & Function Deflved Implicit... = - =. ss 210 12! Partial Derivatives of Different Orders sss cts tree 29 6 Contents 13. Level Surfaces Pee 14! Directional Derivatives’ | 02222220025 eee 15. Gradient. 16. Taylor's Forindla fora Function of Two 'Variabies << 1111 1! 290 17. Maximum and-Minimum of a Function of Several Variables” <<<; 292 18, Maximum and Minimum of a Funetion of Several Variables Relaied by Given Equations (Conditional Maxima and Minima) ss s+» 300 19, Siogular Polnts of Curve ws wenn e tet oles 2 SB Exercises on Chapter VII eee errr 22310 Chapter 1X. APPLICATIONS OF DIFFERENTIAL CALCULUS 70 SOLID GEOMETRY 1. The Equations of a Curve in Space. sv ew . 3M 2 The Limit"ang Desvaive gh the Veet, uli ‘i's’ Siar ‘zgument, ‘The Equation of a Tangent to a Curve. The Equation of a Normal Plane ss sas me ELEC e a 3, Rules for Differentiating Vectors (Véetor’ Functions) 721112 2 Sap 4. The First and. Second Derivatives ol Vector with’ Respect to ihe ‘Arc Length. The Curvature ofa Curve. The Principal Normal. =. 324 § Oseuiating Plane. Binormal. Torsion swiss wwe e+ Bobo 8 A'Tangent Plane and Normal toa Suiace’ 222222222222 335 Exercises on Chapter IX ov oe es beeen ee beens +0 (Chapter X. INDEFINITE. INTEGRALS. 1. Antiderivative and the Indefinite Integral... 2 Table of Integrals ee qpooGgG 5. Some Proprles ‘of an indedite infegal = 2 >: 4 Integration by Substitution (Change of Variable) " < 5. Integrals of Functions Containing @ Quadratic Trinomial + ° S @ Integration by Parts ese eee eee lt! 7 8 9 10. Rational Fractions. Partial Decomposition of s Rational onal’ Fractions and “Their ‘Integration $57 ction into Partial Fractions =. - 361 Teigrlion f Ratonl Bectiog on ue, Ett eee) Ougpadyemetion ewes SLIT LI IL! Ss TP ieee oPhnetonal Fuseins 22 TTTE LTT oH 12 Integrals of the Form (R(x, VaPRERO GE LLL LLL om 18 integration of Binomi Dileetigs vv =v vss sees 5 14, Integration of Certain Classes of Trigonometric ‘Functions’ <. <

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