Practice exam-style paper III

Paper 4 Extended [80 marks]

1 Below is a list of chemical compounds. Use these compounds to answer the questions which follow.

Each compound may be used once, more than once or not at all.

aluminium oxide
barium nitrate
calcium oxide
cobalt chloride
manganese(iv) oxide
potassium manganate(vii)
potassium nitrate

a Which of the above compounds in solution would give a white precipitate with sulfuric acid?

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

b Which of the above compounds is used when changing cast iron into steel?

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

c Which of the above compounds could be used to test for water?

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

d Which of the above compounds contains two of the elements commonly found in fertilisers?

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

e Which of the above compounds is found in an important metal ore?

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

f Which of the above compounds will oxidise ethanol to ethanoic acid?

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

Total [6]

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Chemistry Practice exam-style paper III – Paper 4 Extended 1
2 Chromium is a hard shiny silver metal which is very resistant to corrosion. It dissolves slowly in dilute acids
and has a similar reactivity to zinc. It is used to plate other metals and is added to steel to form a number of
different alloys.

It is the sixth most common metal in the Earth’s crust. One of its ores is chrome-ochre, Cr2O3.

a From the information above, what method should be suitable for extracting chromium from this ore?

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

b Chromium is actually extracted from its ores by heating chromium(iii) oxide (Cr2O3) with aluminium.
A displacement reaction takes place, forming chromium with a purity of about 99.5%.

i Write an equation for this reaction.

............................................................................................................................................................................ [1]

ii Which substance is oxidised in this reaction?

............................................................................................................................................................................ [1]

c When chromium is used for plating other metal objects, it has to be very pure. The layer of chromium is
put on by means of electroplating. The electrolyte used is chromium sulfate.

+ –
d.c. supply

X Y

electrolyte

i Would the object to be plated be made the anode, X (positive electrode) or the cathode, Y (negative
electrode)?

............................................................................................................................................................................ [1]

ii How could chromium(iii) oxide be converted into chromium sulfate?

............................................................................................................................................................................ [1]

iii Suggest two reasons why metal objects are plated with chromium.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................... [2]

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Chemistry Practice exam-style paper III – Paper 4 Extended 2
 d Chromium is added to steel along with nickel and other metals to form stainless steel. Using your
knowledge of alloys, predict two differences in properties between mild steel and stainless steel.

.................................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................. [2]

Total [9]

3 The element sulfur exists as a pure element in the Earth’s crust. It has two main isotopes, 32S and 34S.

The first of these is much more common.

a What do you understand by the term isotope?

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

b Explain the difference between 32S and 34S.

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

c Give one source of pure sulfur.

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

d When sulfur is burnt, a colourless gas (sulfur dioxide) is formed.

i Write an equation for the formation of sulfur dioxide.

............................................................................................................................................................................ [1]

ii Why is sulfur dioxide used by the paper industry?

............................................................................................................................................................................ [1]

e Sulfur dioxide can be converted to sulfur trioxide by reacting it with air using a catalyst.

Name a suitable catalyst for this reaction.

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

f The equation for the reaction is given below.

2SO2 + O2 2SO3

i What is the meaning of the symbol ?

........................................................................................................................................................................... [1]

ii The reaction is exothermic. Why is it carried out at a temperature of about 500 °C?

............................................................................................................................................................................ [1]

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Chemistry Practice exam-style paper III – Paper 4 Extended 3
 g Dilute sulfuric acid reacts in a similar way to other strong acids. Equations for two of its reactions are given
below.

i copper carbonate + sulfuric acid → copper sulfate + carbon dioxide + water

Rewrite this equation as a symbol equation.

............................................................................................................................................................................ [1]

ii CaCl2(aq) + H2SO4(aq) → CaSO4(s) + 2HCl(aq)

Rewrite this equation as a word equation.

............................................................................................................................................................................ [1]

h Using information from the equations in part g, explain the following observation.

When sulfuric acid is added to lumps of calcium carbonate, there is fizzing which quickly stops. There is
then no further reaction.

.................................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................. [2]

Total [12]

4 The equation below represents the reaction that occurs when methane burns.
H O O
H H H H
H C H + O C O + O O
H O O

a Rewrite the equation as a normal symbol equation.

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

b When a chemical reaction takes place, bonds are broken and then re-formed. Which of these two
processes is endothermic?

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

c The table shows the energy of the different bonds involved in this reaction.

Bond C—H O=O C=O O—H

Energy / kJ 413 498 805 464

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Chemistry Practice exam-style paper III – Paper 4 Extended 4
 Use these bond energies to calculate the energy change when this reaction takes place.

Answer ......................................................................................................................................................... [3]

d When hydrogen is burned, about 286 kJ of energy is produced. Why is hydrogen sometimes considered to
be a better fuel than methane?

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

e Hydrogen can also be used to produce energy in a fuel cell.

fuel hydrogen
(H2)

an
od
e
ele
ctr
oly
le
cat
ho
de

oxidant oxygen
(O2)

i What type of energy is produced?

........................................................................................................................................................................... [1]

ii What else is produced as well as energy?

........................................................................................................................................................................... [1]

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Chemistry Practice exam-style paper III – Paper 4 Extended 5
 f Metals can also be used in cells. Two different metals can be dipped into an acid while connected to a
voltmeter.

voltmeter

copper zinc
electrode electrode

dilute sulfuric
acid

i Which one of the two metals in the acid will react with the acid, becoming an ion?

........................................................................................................................................................................... [1]

ii Which one of the metals is oxidised? Explain your answer.

...........................................................................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................................................................... [2]

g Which one of the two metals will be the positive (+) side of the cell?

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

h If the zinc electrode was replaced with a magnesium one, what would happen to the reading on the
voltmeter? Explain your answer.

.................................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................. [2]

Total [14]

5 This diagram shows a molecule of the compound cadaverine.

H H H H H H H
N C C C C C N
H H H H H H H

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Chemistry Practice exam-style paper III – Paper 4 Extended 6
 Cadaverine is found in decaying meat and is responsible for the bad smell.

Putrescine is another compound found in the same place. It is identical to cadaverine except that it has one fewer
carbons in the middle of the chain.

a Draw a diagram of a molecule of putrescine in the space below.

[2]

b Are these two molecules isomers? Explain.

.................................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................. [2]

c They are members of the same homologous series.

What do you understand by the term homologous series?

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

d The next member of the series can be written as:

H2N-(CH2)6-NH2

Its name is 1,6-diaminohexane.

This compound is used to make one type of nylon. It is reacted with:

hexanedioic acid HOOC(CH2)4COOH

i Suggest why this type of nylon is called nylon-6,6.

............................................................................................................................................................................ [1]

ii Draw a diagram to show the bond which joins these two molecules together in nylon.

[1]

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Chemistry Practice exam-style paper III – Paper 4 Extended 7
 e What other compound is formed when these molecules join?

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

f A natural polymer found in the human body has the same type of bonds. Name the monomer and the
polymer.

Monomer ...............................................................................................................................................................

Polymer .................................................................................................................................................................. [2]

g The polymers referred to above are condensation polymers. What is the other important type of polymer?

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

h What do all the molecules which can form this second type of polymer have in common?

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

i Poly(ethene) is an example of this second polymer type. Give the monomer for a different example and
draw a structure for the polymer it forms.

Name of monomer .....................................................................................................................................................

Structure of polymer

[2]

Total [14]

6 Rubbish is often buried underground, where it slowly decays away.

decomposing pipes to
rubbish collect gas

GROUND

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Chemistry Practice exam-style paper III – Paper 4 Extended 8
 As the rubbish decomposes, gases are given off. These can be collected and used.

a The main gas collected is methane. What could it be used for?

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

b Methane, if it escapes into the air, can be harmful to the environment. Explain how.

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

c Methane is also produced by living organisms. Give an example of this.

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

d Two other gases which harm the environment are carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide.

These gases are both produced in petrol engines. Explain why each is produced.

Carbon monoxide ...............................................................................................................................................

Nitrogen dioxide .................................................................................................................................................. [2]

e Carbon monoxide and nitrogen dioxide can be removed from a car’s exhaust gases by using a catalytic
converter. Explain how a catalytic converter works. Your explanation should state what happens to the two
polluting gases.

................................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................. [3]

Total [8]

7 The insoluble salt lead iodide was made by mixing solutions of lead nitrate and sodium iodide.

a Complete the instructions below on how to make a pure dry sample of lead iodide.

Step 1 Mix equal quantities of aqueous lead nitrate and aqueous sodium iodide.

Step 2 ..................................................................................................................................................................

Step 3 ..................................................................................................................................................................

Step 4 .................................................................................................................................................................. [3]

b Pb(NO3)2(aq) + 2NaI(aq) → PbI2(s) + 2NaNO3(aq)

50 cm3 of each solution was used. The lead nitrate solution was of concentration 0.1 mol/dm3.

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Chemistry Practice exam-style paper III – Paper 4 Extended 9
 The sodium nitrate solution was of concentration 0.3 mol/dm3.

Calculate the mass of lead iodide which should be formed.

No. of moles of lead nitrate solution used .............................................................. .................. ......................

No. of moles of lead iodide formed ...................................................................................................................

Relative formula mass of lead iodide ................................................................................................................

Mass of lead iodide formed ................................................................................................................................ [4]

c The actual mass of lead iodide produced in the experiment was 2.25 g.

Suggest why this mass does not agree with the value you have calculated.

.................................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................. [2]

Total [9]

8 LiteCo is a company which makes sodium lamps for street lighting.

Every week they need to clean excess sodium from the machines which make the lamps.

Sodium reacts very violently with water.

So, instead of using water to remove the sodium, they use steam.

a Write an equation for the reaction of sodium with water.

................................................................................................................................................................................. [2]

b What would you observe when a small lump of sodium reacted with water?

................................................................................................................................................................................. [1]

c If hot water was used, would you expect the reaction to be faster or slower?

Explain your answer by using ideas about particles and collisions.

Speed .....................................................................................................................................................................

Explanation ...........................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................. [3]

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Chemistry Practice exam-style paper III – Paper 4 Extended 10
 d By comparing the arrangement of particles in water and in steam, suggest why steam reacts less violently
with sodium than water.

.................................................................................................................................................................................

................................................................................................................................................................................. [2]

Total [8]

© Cambridge University Press 2014 IGCSE Chemistry Practice exam-style paper III – Paper 4 Extended 11