Synthesis of Cu(OH)​2

1107

Jirakit Charoenthavonsuk

Nawin Chalearmchutidath

Praew Ponthapthong

Tanat Achcha
Abstract

This experiment was done to examine the synthesis of ​Cu(OH)​2 by mixing the
solution of ​CuSO​4 into the solution of NaOH, which is separated into 2 cases with
different concentration of NaOH. Then, both of the solutions will be put into the
process of filtration, let it dry, and bake it in the oven overnight, respectively. The
result of the lab collected will be the weight of residue left after we get it out of the
oven. After the experiment was done, the calculation will be used to calculate for the
limiting reagent, the excess reagent, and the percent yield of the reaction.
Introduction

​Cu(OH)​2 is
​ known for 5000 years since copper smelting by alchemist mixing
solution of ive and blue vitriol (​Richard Cowen) ​as other alloy that discovered quite
early in history. (Cu_Transformations.pdf) In puduce in industry scale for pigment in
ceramics and paintings of yellow and blue for artist in that age.(​Tony
Johansen,2006) It is also used to produce rayon and cellulose fiber as in the
aquamarine for killing parasites in fish and combine with latex paint to control root
growth in potted plants nowadays (National Library of Medicine,2019). It has a
specialized role in organic synthesis. Cu(OH)​2 are
​ known as spertiniite which rarely
find in the uncombined mineral but can mostly see as a combination of ​Cu(OH)​2 and
CuCO​3 as a green alloy use in statue of liberty, and it also performed in many other
substances to use in different purpose (Masterson, W. L., & Hurley, C. N.,2004). But
does a Cu(OH)​2 solution that mixing with NaOH ​but different grams have the same
result of it? How do we find the amount of each solution?

In this experiment, we will compare two solutions of Cu(OH)​2 and ​ NaOH with
different concentrations by drying the solution to see if two of them give the same
result. We will also use this experiment to calculate the limiting reagent, the excess
reagent, and the percent yield of the reaction to see the amount of each solution, so
we can see if two solutions from Cu(OH)​2 will​ give out the same amount of the
solution or not.

Objective

In this experiment, our objective is to separate the solid product of ​CuSO​4 and
NaOH by using paper filtration technique. First, we need to mix solution A with
solution B and solution A with solution C. Then, we will follow the rest of our
procedure and when we finish by drying it overnight, we need to record the weight of
filter paper, weight of filter paper with solid product, and weight of solid product
Cu(OH)​2 respectively. To conclude, our main purpose is to find out the amount of
Cu(OH)​2 when combined with NaOH solutions that have different concentrations and
calculate the percent yield of the reaction.
Materials

1. CuSO​4 solution
​ (Solution A 2.5 g of ​CuSO​4 in
​ 50 ml of water)
2. NaOH solution (Solution B 0.2 g of NaOH in 25 ml of water)
3. NaOH solution (Solution C 0.6 g of NaOH in 25 ml of water)
4. 4 100 mL beaker
5. 50 mL graduated cylinder
6. Stirring rod
7. 2 Filter paper
8. Weighing paper
9. Spatula
10. Watch glass
11. Funnel
12. Ring stand & clamp

Procedures

Day 1
1. Mix 25 mL of ​CuSO​4 ​solution (Solution A) with 25 mL NaOH solution (Solution
B)
2. Stir for 2-3 minutes
3. Weight the filter paper, and then record it on data table
4. Separate the solid product by paper filtration technique
5. Rinse the solid product (the rest of the product left on the beaker) with 10 mL
of distilled water
6. Clean the filtered solid residue (during filtration) with 10 mL of distilled water
for 2 times in order to remove ​ Na​2​SO​4​ salt
7. Clean the filtered solid residue again with 10 mL of ethanol to remove water
8. Carefully remove filter paper with filtered solid residue to watch glass
9. Dry it overnight in the oven
10. Repeat steps 1-9 by using 25 mL of NaOH solution by using the Solution C
instead of Solution B

Day 2
11. Weight mass of filter paper and solid product
12. Calculate the % yield of the reaction
Results

Reaction Reaction Weight Weight of Weight Solid Product

Solution Observation of Filter Filter of Solid Observation
(Chemical / Paper Paper + Product (Chemical /
Physical) Solid Cu(OH)​2 Physical)
Product

A+B Light blue 1.58 g. 1.86 g. 0.26 g. Stick to filter paper

Texture like jelly Light blue
Filtered slowly Dried

A+C Dark blue 1.57 g. 2.02 g. 0.45 g. Merged into a ball

Texture like gel Hard
Filtered quickly Black
Discussion

After we have done this experiment, we have discussed and analyzed within
the group about the results. The result showed that there were some parts that did
not match what we had originally analyzed. We want to find the amount of surplus
and limit that we can use from solution A and B, so after we completed separate
solution A and solution B by filtration technique. We got the results and discussed
the method of getting the amount of how much we can use. This experiment
matches up with the knowledge that we learn from chemistry class. We learned
about how to calculate the limiting reagent, excess reagent, and percent yield. This
experiment doesn’t match up with the last experiment because this is the first time
we learned about this topic and we have never done an experiment on this topic
before.

There are also some errors that we have done in this experiment. According
to the calculations, we have got 106% from calculating the percent yield for solution
A and B. It indicates that there might be some mistakes. For the excess of percent
yield, we have predicted that the amount of solutions we pour into the beaker might
not be exactly true because after we waiting for solution to releasing water
completely, we used alcohol instead of water. We have to use water to let the
solution flow together in the middle of the filter paper that in the cone shape for water
filtering and to get a complete amount of solution, but the bottle of alcohol and
normal water is very similar causing us to misuse it by mistake. This may cause the
solution to be received in excess quantities.
Calculations

CuSO 4 • 5H 2 O + 2N aOH → Cu(OH)2 + N a2 SO4 + 5H 2 O

Solution A

1 mol CuSO 4 1 mol Cu(OH)2

1.25 g CuSO4 × 249.702 g CuSO 4
× 1 mol CuSO 4
= 0.005 mol Cu(OH)2

Solution B

1 mol N aOH 1 mol Cu(OH)2

0.2 g N aOH × 39.997 g N aOH
× 2 mol N aOH
= 0.0025 mol Cu(OH)2

Solution C

1 mol N aOH 1 mol Cu(OH)2

0.6 g N aOH × 39.997 g N aOH
× 2 mol N aOH
= 0.0075 mol Cu(OH)2

Limiting Reagent

A+B : N aOH
97.56 g Cu(OH)2
0.0025 mol Cu(OH)2 × 1 mol Cu(OH)2
= 0.2439 g Cu(OH)2

A+C: CuSO 4

97.56 g Cu(OH)2
0.005 mol Cu(OH)2 × 1 mol Cu(OH)2
= 0.4878 g Cu(OH)2

Percent Yield

actual
theoretical
× 100

0.26
A+B : 0.2439
× 100 = 106%

0.45
A+C : 0.4878
× 100 = 92%

Conclusion

According to the experiment, we mixed ​CuSO​4 and two solutions of NaOH, which
have different concentration. ​We came out with the residue as results, which are 0.26 g
and 0.45 g of ​Cu(OH)​2​ and ​Na​2​SO​4 for
​ solution A+ B and A+C, respectively.
References

Richard Cowen, Essays on Geology, History, and People, Chapter 3: "Fire and
Metals: Copper".

Tony Johansen, Historic Artist's Pigments Archived 2009-06-09 at the Wayback

Machine. PaintMaking.com. 2006.

Haz-Map Category Details. (n.d.). Retrieved from

https://hazmap.nlm.nih.gov/category-details?table=copytblagents&id=8070.

Masterson, W. L., & Hurley, C. N. (2004). ​Chemistry: Principles and Reactions, 5th
Ed​. Thomson Learning, Inc. (p 331)"