TEAM CODE:

CSL21
B.
S.ABDURRAHMANCRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

Bef
ore
THEHONOURABLESUPREMECOURT

APPEALFI
LEDUNDERARTI
CLE32OFTHEBRI
HATHACONSTI
TUTI
ON

CASENO.
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
..
./
AUG2019

THEUNI
ONOFBRI
HATHA&ORS
(
APPLI
CANT)
V
STATEOFNEELAMBHARI
(
RESPONDENT)

MEMORI
ALONBEHALFOFPETI
TIONER

1
CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

TABLEOFCONTENTS

 I
NDEXOFAUTHORI
TIES

 LI
STOFABBREVATI
ONS

 TABLEOFCASES

 BOOKSREFERRED

 STATUTESREFERRED

 WEBSI
TESREFERRED

 STATEMENTOFJURI
SDI
CTI
ON

 STATEMENTOFFACTS

 QUESTI
ONSPRESENTED

 SUMMARYOFARGUMENTS

 ARGUMENTSADVANCEDPRAYER

2
  PRAYER

CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

LI
STOFABBREVATI
ONS

ART. Ar
ti
cle

ARTS. Ar
ti
cles

WHO Wor
ldHeal
thOr
gani
sat
ion

Or
s. ot
her
s

SC Supr
emeCour
t

No. Number

HC Hi
ghCour
t

Res. Resol
uti
on

WMA Wor
ldMedi
cal
Associ
ati
on

DPSP Di
rect
ivePr
inci
pleofSt
atePol
i
cy

V Ver
sus

UOI Uni
onOfI
ndi
a

3
CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

TABLEOFCASES

1.POONAM GUPTEVSSTATEOFPUNJABAI
R2009SC

2.MOHAMMADABDULNASEERVSSTATEOFKERALAAI
R2018HCKER

3.SUNI
LBATRAVSDELHIADMI
NISTRATI
ONAI
R1980SC1579

4.STATEOFPUNJABVSMOHI
NDERSI
NGHCHAWLAAI
R1997SC

5.STATEOFRAJASTHANVSUNI
ONOFI
NDI
AAI
R1977SC1361

6.STATEOFKARNATAKAVSUNI
ONOFI
NDI
AAI
R1978SC68

7.STATEOFMYSOREVSUNI
ONOFI
NDI
AAI
R1983MYS237

8.STATEOFSERAI
KELLAVSUNI
ONOFI
NDI
AAI
R1951SC253;
1951SCR474

9.HUSAI
NREDDY&ORSVSEXECUTI
VEENGI
NEER11OCT2002.

10.
GULAM ABBASVSSTATEOFUPAI
R1981SC2198

11.
COMMR.
HRE,
MADRASVSSRI
LAKSHMI
NDRAAI
R1954SC282,
290

12.
N.ADHTHYANVSTRAVANCOREDEVASWOM BOARD20028SEC106

4
13.
VARUDI
GYADARSANRJENDRARAM DASSVSSTATEOFANDRAPRADESHAI
R
1970SC1811102.

14.
JAGADESHWASRANAND AVUDHUTA,
ARCHARYA VS COMMR OF
POLI
CE,
CULCUTTA,
AIR1984SC51.

15.
RAJENDRAKUMARVSSTATEOFPUNJABANDORSAI
R2004PU

CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

BOOKSREFERRED

 M.
P.SI
NGH,
CONSTI
TUI
ONOFI
NDI
A(13thED.
)

 J.
N.PANDEY,
CONSTI
TUTI
ONOFI
NDI
A(49th ED.
)

 V.
N.SHUKLA,
CONSTI
TUTI
ONOFI
NDI
A(11thED)

 K.
KANNAN,
MEDI
CINEANDLAW
5
  ARUNANAND,
BODYANDORGANDONATI
ON,
(2017EDT)

 V.
N.SHUKLA,
CONSTI
TUTI
ONOFI
NDI
A(12thED)

 DURGADASBASULEXI
SNEXI
S,CONSTI
TUTI
ONOFI
NDI
A(14thED)

 M.
P.JAI
N,CONSTI
TUTI
ONOFI
NDI
A(15thED)

WEBSI
TESREFFERED

 www.
lawct
opus.
com

 www.
indi
ankanoon.
com

 www.
legal
cry
stal
.com

 www.
legal
ser
vicei
ndi
a.com

 www.
lawy
ersser
vice.
com

 www.
lawt
imesj
our
nal
.i
n

 www.
adv
ocat
ekhoj
.com

 www.
vaki
l
sear
ch.
com

 www.
medi
cal
dai
l
y.com>or
gan

CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

STATUTESREFFERED

6
 THECONSTI
TUTI
ONOFI
NDI
A,1950

 THETRANSPLANTATI
ONOFHUMANORGANSANDTI
SSUEACT,
1994

 THETRANSPLANTATI
ONOFHUMANORGANSANDTI
SSUERULES,
2014.

 UNI
VERSALLAW PUBLI
SHI
NG,
ANI
MPRI
NTOFLEXI
SNEXI
S,2014

CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

STATEMENTOFJURI
SDI
CTI
ON

7
THE PETI
TIONER HAVE APPROACHED THE SUPREME COURT OF I
NDI
A UNDER
ARTI
CLE32OFTHECONSTI
TUTI
ONOFBRI
HATHA

THE PRESENT MEMORANDUM SETS FORTH THE FACTS,CONTENTI

ONS AND
ARGUMETS.

8
 CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

STATEMENTOFFACTS

Neel
ambhar
iisast
atei
ntheUni
onofBr
ihat
habl
essedwi
tyht
opl
evell
i
ter
acyr
ateand
pr
ogr
essi
vel
i
vingcondi
ti
ons.
Thest
ateofNeel
ambhar
iisr
enownedf
ori
tsheal
thand
of
fer
sthe,
mostadv
ancedmedi
calf
aci
l
ityamongt
heent
ir
ewor
ld.
Adhi
sanghi
sa
r
eli
giousmi
nor
it
yexi
sti
nAdhi
bhoomi
,apr
ovi
ncei
nthest
ateofNel
aambhar
i.The
adhi
sanghsar
ethebel
i
ever
sofahamv
edaand nei
therbel
i
evenorent
husi
ast
ici
n
sci
ent
if
icadv
ancement
s,moder
nmedi
cineandt
hei
rappl
i
cat
ions.

Oneoft
hemaj
ordear
tht
hatt
heheal
thsect
oruni
onofBr
ihat
hai
sfaci
ngt
hepoor
popul
ati
on ofor
gan donor
s.Mr
.Chi
nmay j
ha,t
he heal
th mi
nist
eroft
he st
ate of
Neel
ambhar
iannouncedt
heenact
mentofal
egi
slat
iont
ocur
btheongoi
nghur
dlesand
pr
omul
gat
ed t
he Neel
ambhar
ist
ate donat
ion,t
ranspl
ant
ati
on and pr
eser
vat
ion of
or
gansandt
issuesact
,2019t
ocr
eat
emor
eawar
enessamongpeopl
e.

Dr
.Annu kappori
s a wel
lknown per
sonal
i
tyf
orhi
s wor
ks i
n et
hicalmedi
cal
pr
act
ises.
Aft
ert
hepr
omul
gat
ionoft
heactDr
.Annuper
sonal
l
yrecei
ved manycal
l
s
f
rom unknownper
sonscommuni
cat
ingt
hei
tent
husi
asm i
ndonat
ingor
gansf
orget
ti
ng
pay
ment
s.Onaper
sonalst
udyconduct
edbyDr
.Annu,
heunder
stoodashocki
ngdet
ail
t
hatsev
eralunor
gani
sed and i
l
legalor
gan t
rade has happened i
nthe st
ate of
Neel
ambhar
iduet
othenewl
yenact
edactandi
tsf
lexi
blepr
ovi
sions.Ont
hismat
ter
Dr
.Annukapporr
epr
esent
ing3Hf
il
edapet
it
ioni
nhi
ghofNeel
ambhar
ichal
l
engi
ngt
he
v
ali
dit
yoft
heact
.Al
ongwi
thDr
.Annusev
eralot
herNGO’
sfi
l
edsepar
atepet
it
ions
chal
l
engi
ngt
heActbef
oret
heHi
ghcour
tofNeel
ambhar
i.

Agr
icul
tur
eisoneamongt
hemaj
orl
i
vingsour
cesf
orAdhi
sanghs.Sami
,ay
oungman
9
al
soamemberofAdhi
sangcommuni
tywhi
l
ewor
kingi
nthef
iel
dsmetwi
thanacci
dent
andhi
sheadgotsev
eri
tyi
njur
ed.Thet
reat
ment
spr
escr
ibedunderAhamv
edadi
dn’
t
succeed and some educat
ed y
out
hs among t
he Adhi
sanghs despi
tet
he st
rong
condemnat
ionoft
heent
ir
eAdhi
sanghcl
anbr
oughtt
obt
hemedi
calofsundar
am.
Unf
ort
unat
ely
,sami
wasbr
oughtt
othehospi
tal
asbr
aindeat
hcase.Ont
hesamedaya
f
ivey
eqarol
dgi
rlchi
l
dwasal
soadmi
tt
edi
nthesamehospi
talwi
thanur
gentneedofa
ki
dneyt
ranspl
ant
ati
on.

Doct
orsf
ind a mat
ch i
n sami
’
s ki
dneyand suggest
ed f
ora t
ranspl
ant
ati
on and
communt
icat
ed t
hesamet
otheAdhi
sanghy
out
hsand t
heyper
mit
ted bygi
vi
ng
consent
.Af
terknowi
ngt
his,
theAdhi
sanghcommuni
typeopl
ecr
eat
edahugei
ssueand
Nay
adeepandor
gani
sat
ionf
il
edapet
it
ionchal
l
engi
ngt
hatasabadl
awt
hatf
rust
rat
es
t
her
eli
giousf
reedom oft
her
eli
giousmi
nor
it
y.Theuni
onofBr
ihat
hachal
l
enged t
he
const
it
uti
onalv
ali
dit
yoft
heactpr
omul
gat
edbyt
hest
ateofNeel
ambhar
ibef
oret
he
supr
emecour
tofBr
ihat
haandt
hesupr
emecour
tconsi
der
ingt
hef
actcl
ubbedt
he
whol
emat
tert
oget
herandpost
edf
oraj
ointhear
ing.

10
 CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

I
SSUESRAI
SED

1.WHETHER THEWRI
T PETI
TION FI
LED BY THEUNI
ON OFBRI
HATHA AND ORS
CHALLENGI
NG THE VALI
DITY OF THE ACT I
S MI
ANTAI
NABLE I
N THE SUPREME
COURT?

2.WHETHERTHENELAAMBHARISTATEDONATI
ON ANDTRANSPLANTATI
ON AND
PRESERVATI
ON OFORGANSANDTI
SSUEACT,
2019VI
OLATESTHEFUNDAMENTAL
RI
GHTSOFTHEPEOPLEANDTHUSULTRAVI
RESTHECONSTI
TUTI
ON?

CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

11
 SUMMARYOFARGUMENTS

1.WHETHER THEWRI
T PETI
TION FI
LED BY THEUNI
ON OFBRI
HATHA AND ORS
CHALLENGI
NG THE VALI
DITY OF THE ACT I
S MI
ANTAI
NABLE I
N THE SUPREME
COURT?

I
tishumbl
ysubmi
tt
edt
hat
,thewr
itpet
it
ionf
il
edbyt
heUni
onofBr
ihat
hai
s
mai
ntai
nabl
eint
he Supr
eme Cour
tunderar
ti
cle 32 oft
he Const
it
uti
on of
Br
ihat
ha.

2. WHETHER THE NELAAMBHARI STATE DONATI

ON AND
TRANSPLANTATI
ON AND PRESERVATI
ON OF ORGANS AND TI
SSUE ACT,
2019
VI
OLATESTHEFUNDAMENTALRI
GHTSOFTHEPEOPLE AND THUSULTRAVI
RES
THECONSTI
TUTI
ON?

I
tishumbl
ysubmi
tt
edt
hat
,theNeel
ambhar
ist
atedonat
ionandt
ranspl
ant
ati
on
and pr
eser
vat
ionofor
gansandt
issueact
,2019v
iol
atest
hef
undament
alr
ight
s
andt
husul
tr
avi
rest
heconst
it
uti
on.

12
 CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

ADVANCEDARGUMENTS.

1.WHETHER THEWRI
T PETI
TION FI
LED BY THEUNI
ON OFBRI
HATHA AND ORS
CHALLENGI
NG THE VALI
DITY OF THE ACT I
S MI
ANTAI
NABLE I
N THE SUPREME
COURT?

I
tishumbl
ysubmi
tt
edt
hatt
hewr
itpet
it
ionf
il
edbyuni
onandot
her
schal
l
engi
ngt
he
v
ali
dit
yift
heacti
smai
ntai
nabl
eint
heSupr
emeCour
t.

I
tishumbl
ysubmi
tt
edt
hat
,undert
heconst
it
uti
onofBr
ihat
haar
ti
cle32st
atest
hat
t
her
ightt
omov
ethesupr
emecour
tbyappr
opr
iat
epr
oceedi
ngf
ort
heenf
orcementof
t
her
ight
sconf
err
ed byt
hispar
tisguar
ant
eed and pr
ovi
dest
hatt
her
ightt
othe
const
it
uti
onalr
emedi
eswhi
chmeanst
hataper
sonhasr
ightt
omov
ethesupr
eme
cour
tforget
ti
nghi
sfundament
alr
ight
spr
otect
ed.

Thewr
itpet
it
ioni
smai
ntai
nabl
ewhen
1.
Int
hepur
suanceoft
hel
egi
slat
ion,
theappr
opr
iat
eaut
hor
it
yhasunder
takenanyact
aut
hor
izedbyt
hel
egi
slat
ion.

2.
Becauseofsuchactt
hepet
it
ionerhasmetwi
thsomeci
vi
lconsequencesort
he
pet
it
ionerhassuf
fer
eddepr
ivat
ionoff
undament
alr
ight
s,

3.
Onl
yinsuchsi
tuat
ion,
thepet
it
ionercanchal
l
enget
heconst
it
uti
onalv
ali
dit
yoft
he
enact
menti
nor
dert
ogett
heappr
opr
iat
eremedy
.

13
 CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

I
tishumbl
ysubmi
tt
edt
hatt
hest
atedonat
ion,
tr
anspl
ant
ati
onandpr
eser
vat
ionof
or
ganandt
issueact
,2019passedbyt
hest
ateofNel
aambhar
ivi
olat
est
hef
undament
al
r
ight
soft
headhi
sanghcommuni
ty.

Thecounsel
humbl
ysubmi
tst
hatt
heactv
iol
ates,

Ar
ti
cle21-
Rightt
oli
feandper
sonal
li
ber
ty
Ar
ti
cle25-
Rightt
oRel
i
gion
Ar
ti
cle29-
Prot
ect
ionofi
nter
estofmi
nor
it
ies
Ar
ti
cle26-Fr
eedom t
omanager
eli
giousaf
fai
rsofAdhi
sagnpeopl
e

I
tishumbl
ysubmi
tt
edt
hat
,duet
othepr
omul
gat
ionoft
hest
atel
egi
slat
uret
her
ewas
a ci
rcul
ati
on ofunaut
hor
ised and i
l
legalor
gan t
rade happened i
nthe st
ate of
Neel
ambhar
iinwhi
chi
tsf
lexi
blepr
ovi
sionsar
ether
ootcausef
ort
hosei
l
legal
act
ivi
ti
es.

Andso,i
tiscl
earf
rom t
hef
actsheett
hatmanyi
l
legali
nci
dent
sofor
gant
radehas
happenedi
nthest
ateofNeel
ambhar
i

Andal
soi
tishumbl
ysubmi
tt
edt
hataccor
dingt
osect
ion2(
j)oft
heAct
,whi
chst
ates
t
hat‘
donat
ion’meanspr
ovi
ding anyhumanor
ganwhi
l
eli
vi
ng oraf
terdeat
htoa
r
eci
pientoutofl
oveandcompassi
onorwi
thpay
mentf
ort
her
apeut
icpur
pose.

Butaccor
dingt
osect
ion370ofBr
ihat
hapenalcode,370-Tr
aff
icki
ngofper
sonof
i
nducement
,incl
udi
ngt
hegi
vi
ngorr
ecei
vi
ngofpay
ment
sorbenef
it
sinor
dert
oachi
eve
t
he consentofanyper
son hav
ing cont
rolov
ert
he per
son,r
ecr
uit
ed,t
ranspor
ted,
har
bour
ed,
transf
err
edorr
ecei
vedcommi
tst
heof
fenseoft
raf
fi
cki
ng.

14
 CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

Her
e,t
heexpr
essi
onofexpl
anat
ionshal
lincl
udeanyactofphy
sicalexpl
oit
ati
onany
f
orm ofsexualexpl
oit
ati
on,sl
aver
yort
hef
orcedr
emov
alofor
gans.Al
soi
tisf
orm of
wi
despr
eador
gani
sedcr
imeori
l
legal
l
yobt
ainedandt
radedf
ort
ranspl
ant
ati
on.

Accor
ding t
o Tr
anspl
ant
ati
on ofHuman Or
gans Act1994,sec-
19 st
ates t
hatt
he
puni
shmentf
orcommer
cialdeal
i
ngsi
nhumanr
ight
s.Whoev
eri
nit
iat
esornegot
iat
es
anyar
rangementi
nvol
vi
ngt
hemaki
ngofanypay
mentf
ort
hesuppl
yof
,orf
oranof
fer
t
osuppl
y,anyhumanor
gan,shal
lbepuni
shabl
ewi
thi
mpr
isonmentf
orat
erm whi
ch
shal
lnotbel
esst
hanf
ivey
ear
sbutwhi
chmayext
endt
oteny
ear
sandshal
lbel
i
abl
eto
v
inewhi
chshal
lnotbel
esst
hant
went
ylakhr
upeesbutmayext
endt
oonecr
orer
upees.
1

Fr
om t
heabov
esai
d,i
tiscl
eart
hat
,donat
ingor
gansbyget
ti
ngpay
ment
sorf
orget
ti
ng
pay
menti
sil
l
egal
andpuni
shabl
e.

I
tishumbl
ysubmi
tt
ed t
hatbutwher
eint
hisacti
tsel
fsay
stor
ecei
vepay
ment
sfor
donat
ingor
ganswhi
chi
sver
ycl
eart
hatt
heacti
sit
sel
fil
l
egal
,wher
eiti
sal
sot
obe
not
edt
hatt
heacti
tsel
fpr
ovi
desaf
lexi
blepr
ovi
sionf
orget
ti
ngpay
ment
swhi
chhas
madepeopl
etoi
ndul
gei
nthei
l
legalact
ivi
ti
esandasi
tiscl
earf
rom t
hef
actsheet
manypeopl
eaddr
essedt
hemsel
vesasagentandhasal
soof
fer
edt
empt
ingdeal
s,
and
t
hus,
these ki
ndofl
oophol
esi
nthi
spr
esentl
egi
slat
ioncont
ri
but
etot
hei
l
legalt
radeof
or
gansi
nthest
ateofNeel
ambhar
iwher
einor
dert
oget pay
ment
stheper
sons
donat
ingt
hei
ror
ganswhi
chhascl
ear
lyv
iol
atedt
her
ightt
oli
fe&per
sonal
li
ber
ty.

15
 1. Poonam gupt
eVSSt
ateofPunj
abAI
R2009SC

2. MohammadAbdul
naseerv
s.St
ateofKer
alaAI
R2018HCker

CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

Thecounselher
ehumbl
ysubmi
tst
hatr
ightt
oli
fei
ncl
udesr
ightt
oli
vewi
thhuman
di
gini
ty,
rightl
i
vehoodandr
ightt
oheal
thet
c.,

Wher
eint
hiscase,
thecour
thel
dthatr
ightt
oli
fei
ncl
udest
her
ightt
oleadaheal
thy
l
i
fet
oast
oenj
oyal
lfacul
ti
esofhumanbodyi
nthei
rpr
imecondi
ti
ons3.Butwhent
his
f
orcedor
gandonat
ionsoccurt
hen,
theper
soni
sdepr
ivedofr
ightt
oheal
thsucht
hati
t
v
iol
atesr
ightt
oli
feandper
sonal
li
ber
ty.

Al
so,
int
hiscasei
twashel
dthat,
ther
ightt
oheal
thi
sint
egr
alt
other
ightt
oli
feandt
he
gov
ernment
shasconst
it
uti
onal
obl
i
gat
aiont
opr
ovi
deheal
thf
aci
l
iti
es4.

Butt
hisactv
iol
atest
hef
undament
alr
ight
soft
hepeopl
eofst
ateofneel
ambhar
iand
al
sohasencour
agedi
ninv
olv
ingi
l
legalact
ivi
tesandt
husi
tcanbeent
ert
ainedi
nthe
supr
emecour
t.

Ar
ti
cle131ofconst
it
uti
onofBr
ihat
hast
atest
heor
igi
nalj
uri
sdi
cti
onoft
hesupr
eme
cour
twhi
chsubj
ectt
othepr
ovi
sionoft
hisconst
it
uti
on,
thesupr
emecour
tshal
ltot
he
excl
usi
onofanyot
hercour
t,hav
etheor
igi
nal
jur
isdi
cti
oni
nanydi
sput
e.

a)Bet
weent
hegov
ernmentofi
ndi
a&oneormor
est
ates

b)Bet
ween t
hegov
ernmentofi
ndi
a&anyst
atesoranyst
atesononesi
de&oneor
mor
eot
herst
atesont
heot
hersi
de.

16
 c)Bet
weent
woormor
est
ates.

3.Suni
lBat
raVsDel
hiAdmi
nist
rat
ionAI
R1980SC1579

4.St
ateOfPunj
abVsMohi
nderSi
nghChawl
aAI
R1997SC

CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

I
tiscl
earf
rom t
heabov
esai
dar
ti
clet
hatSupr
emeCour
tofBr
ihat
hahast
heor
igi
nal
j
uri
sdi
cti
ont
oint
erf
erei
nthi
spr
esentcaseof131(
a)ofBcAI
R1977supr
emecour
t.

I
twashel
dint
hecasewher
ethecour
tfacedt
hequest
ion ‘
stat
e’i
nar
ti
cle131(
a)
al
soi
ncl
udeswi
thi
nit
spur
view‘
stat
egov
ernment
’.Maj
ori
tyoft
hecour
tint
hatcase
obser
ved t
hatt
rue const
ruct
ion ofar
ti
cle 131(
a)t
rue i
n subst
ance and t
rue
pr
agmat
ical
l
y,i
sthatadi
sput
emustar
isebet
weent
heuni
onofi
ndi
aandast
ate.
Andsot
hepur
poseofAr
ti
cle131i
stopr
ovi
deaf
orum f
ort
her
esol
uti
onofdi
sput
e.5

I
twashel
dthatt
hisar
ti
clei
snecessar
yconcomi
tantofaf
eder
alorquasif
eder
al
f
orm ofgov
ernmentandi
tisat
tract
edonl
ywhent
hepar
ti
est
othedi
sput
esar
ethe
gov
ernmentofi
ndi
aoneormor
est
atear
rangedonei
thersi
de6.

I
twasal
sohel
dincaset
hat,
thest
atef
il
edt
hewr
iti
nthehi
ghcour
tagai
nstt
he
cent
ralgov
ernmentpet
it
ion,t
hecour
trej
ect
edt
hepet
it
iont
hatbei
ng adi
sput
e
bet
weent
hest
ateandcent
ral
,themat
terl
aywi
thi
ntheexcl
usi
vej
uri
sdi
cti
onoft
he
supr
emecour
t.7

Andhence,
iti
shumbl
ythatt
hewr
itpet
it
ioni
smai
ntai
nabl
eint
hesupr
emecour
tto
chal
l
enget
hev
ali
dit
yoft
heact.

Thei
ndependenceoft
hej
udi
ciar
yismai
ntai
ned so ast
o det
ermi
net
hei
ssues
bet
weent
heuni
onandt
hest
atesar
ebet
weenonest
ate andot
herandi
tisi
nthe

17
per
spect
ive,
art
icl
e131oft
heconst
it
uti
onpr
ovi
desf
ort
heor
igi
nalj
uri
sdi
cti
ont
othe
supr
emecour
tofi
ndi
atoexcl
usi
onofanyot
hercour
tinr
egar
dtodi
sput
ebet
weent
he
uni
on andoneormor
est
ateorbet
weenuni
on andanyst
ateorst
ateononesi
deand
oneormor
est
ateont
heot
herorbet
weent
woormor
est
ate.

5.St
ateOfRaj
ast
hanVsUni
onofI
ndi
aAI
R1977SC1361

6.St
ateOfKar
nat
akaVsUni
onofI
ndi
aAI
R1978SC68

7.St
ateOfMy
sor
eVsUni
onOfI
ndi
aAI
R1983My
s237

CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

I
tishumbl
ysubmi
tt
edt
hat,t
hedi
sput
emusti
nvol
vequest
ionr
elat
ingt
oal
egal
r
ight
s.Theexpr
essi
on‘
l
egalr
ight
’isusedt
odi
sti
ngui
shi
tfr
om pol
i
ticalr
ightov
er
whi
cht
hecour
thav
enoj
uri
sdi
cti
on.
Iti
sconf
inedt
ori
ght
swhi
char
eenf
orceabl
eby
anact
ioni
nacour
tofl
aw.
8,
9

Theexpr
essi
on‘
l
egalr
ight
’hasbeenl
i
ber
all
yint
erpr
etedt
oincl
udet
hef
oll
owi
ng
quest
ion.

I
.Thev
ali
dit
yofal
aw oft
heuni
onorofast
ate,
wher
ethesamewashel
dint
he
case.
10

I
I.
Anycl
aim ordi
sput
ebet
weent
heuni
onandast
ateast
othei
rcompet
enceunder
schedul
eVI
Itol
egi
slat
eov
erasubj
ect11.

Hencei
tiscl
eart
hatt
hewr
itpet
it
ionf
il
edbyUni
onofbr
ihat
haandORSchal
l
engi
ng
t
hev
ali
dit
yoft
heacti
smai
ntai
nabl
eint
hesupr
emecour
t.

18
 8.
Stat
eOfRaj
ast
hanVsUni
onOfI
ndi
aAI
R1977SC1361

9.
Stat
eOfKar
nat
akaVsUni
onOfI
ndi
aAI
R1978SC68

10.
Stat
eOfSer
aikel
l
aVsUni
onOfI
ndi
aAI
R1951SC253;
1951SCR474

11.
Stat
eofkar
anat
akav
sUni
onofI
ndi
aAI
R1978SC68

CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

2.WHETHER THENELAAMBHARISTATEDONATI
N AND TRANSPLANTATI
ON AND
PRESERVATI
ON OFORGANSANDTI
SSUEACT,
2019VI
OLATESTHEFUNDAMENTAL
RI
GHTSOFTHEPEOPLEANDTHUSULTRAVI
RESTHECONSTI
TUTI
ON?

I
tishumbl
ysubmi
tt
edt
hatt
heNeel
ambhar
ist
atedonat
ion,t
ranspl
ant
ati
onand
pr
eser
vat
ionofor
gansand t
issuesact
,2019 v
iol
atest
hef
undament
alr
ightoft
he
peopl
eandt
husul
tr
avi
rest
heconst
it
uti
on.

I
twashel
dint
hecase,
thatt
hef
undam,
ent
alr
ight
sinpar
tII
Ioft
heconst
it
uti
onf
rom t
he
cor
eof“
Indi
ansupr
emel
ex”
,.
Anyl
egi
slat
iveor execut
iveact
ionwhi
chv
iol
atedt
he
f
undament
alr
ight
sar
evoi
d.12

I
tishumbl
ysubmi
tt
edt
hatt
hesupr
emecour
tcandecl
aret
hel
awul
tr
avi
reswhi
ch

19
meansbey
ondt
hepowerandunconst
it
uti
onal
foet
hef
oll
owi
ng3r
easons

1.
Ift
hel
awv
iol
atest
hepr
inci
pal
ofsupr
emacyi
ftheconst
it
uti
on.

2.
Ift
hel
awendanger
sthef
eder
alequi
l
ibr
ium

3.
Ift
hel
awv
iol
atest
hef
undament
alr
ight
soft
heci
ti
zens.

12.
Husai
nReddy&Or
sVsExecut
iveEngi
neer11Oct2002.

CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

Andso,anyl
awpassedbyt
hepar
li
amentorsat
eshoul
dnotdemeant
heaut
hor
it
yand
supr
emacyoft
heconst
it
uti
onandshoul
dnowayer
odet
hef
eder
alst
ruct
ureandshoul
d
notpossesst
het
hreatt
obasi
cri
ght
soft
heci
ti
zens

I
tishumbl
ysubmi
tt
edt
hatWHO,
i
n1991t
hef
ir
stv
ersi
onofgui
dingpr
inci
pleon
human or
gan t
ranspl
ant
ati
on was adopt
ed and f
ocusi
ng on keyi
ssues f
ree and
v
olunt
aryi
nfor
medconcer
nedandnon-
commer
cial
i
zat
ionofhumanor
gansandt
issues.

Thesegui
dingpr
inci
pleswer
eupdat
edi
n2008el
abor
ati
ngt
hepr
ohi
bit
ionofsal
eor
pur
chaseofor
gansandemphasi
singt
her
elat
ionbet
weenor
gansal
esandhuman
or
gant
raf
fi
cki
ng. Al
so,
i
n2010ar
evi
sedv
ersi
on oft
hegui
dingpr
inci
plehasbeen
publ
i
shedwhi
chhasadopt
edmeasur
espr
otectt
hepoor
estandv
ener
abl
egr
oupsf
rom
t
ransapl
antt
our
ism andt
hesal
eofor
gansandt
issues.
(WORLDHEALTH ASSEMBLY
RESOLUTI
ONWHA42.
5ANDRESOLUTI
ON44.
5,1991)

20
 TheWHOpr
ovi
desst
andar
dsandpr
inci
plesf
ort
hecount
ri
esandi
tiscl
earf
rom t
he
abov
esai
dresol
uti
ont
hatdonat
ingor
gansshoul
dnotbecommer
cial
i
sed,
wher
ethe
r
esol
uti
onal
sobi
ndst
oUni
onofBr
ihat
ha,
oneoft
hemembercount
ryi
nUNO.
13

I
tishumbl
ysubmi
tt
edt
hatunderar
ti
cle51oft
heconst
it
uti
onofBr
ihat
ha,t
hest
ate
shal
lendeav
ourt
ofost
err
espectf
ori
nter
nat
ionall
aw andt
reat
yobl
i
gat
ioni
nthe
deal
i
ngofor
gani
sedpeopl
ewi
thanot
her

13.Poonam gupt
eVSSt
ateofpunj
abAI
R2009SC

CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

I
tist
o be not
ed t
hat,t
he st
ate ofNeel
ambhar
ihas v
iol
ated ar
ti
cle 51 oft
he
const
it
uti
onsi
nce,t
heor
gant
ranspl
ant
ati
onactpr
ovi
ded t
heor
gandonat
ionwi
th
pay
mentasment
ionedi
nsect
ion2(
j)oft
heactwhi
chv
iol
atest
heWHOr
esol
uti
onof
non-
commer
cial
i
sat
ionofor
gandonat
ion.

Andso,i
tist
hedut
yift
hest
ateofnel
aambhar
itor
espectWHO r
esol
uti
onbuti
thas
enact
edsuchaf
lexi
blepr
ovi
sionswhi
chi
ndul
gei
nanyi
l
legal
act
ivi
ti
esandt
hus,
theact
ul
tr
avi
rest
heconst
it
uti
on.

Andal
so,t
hewor
ldmedi
calassoci
ati
oncondemnst
hepur
chaseandsal
eofhuman
or
gansf
ort
ranspl
ant
ati
onandcal
l
songov
ernmentt
otakeef
fect
ivest
epst
opr
event
t
hecommer
cial
useofhumanor
gans.

I
tisal
socl
eart
hat
,thewor
ldmedi
calassoci
ati
onseekt
hegov
ernmentt
opr
event

21
t
hecommer
cialuseofhumanor
ganbuther
eint
hiscase,
thest
ateofNel
aambhar
ihas
enact
edsucht
ranspl
ant
ati
onactwi
thcommer
cialpur
poseandso,t
heactv
iol
ates
i
nter
nat
ionalobl
i
gat
ionunderar
ti
cle51oft
heconst
it
uti
onandt
husul
tr
avi
rest
he
const
it
uti
on.

I
tis humbl
y submi
tt
ed t
hatundert
he const
it
uti
on ofBr
ihat
ha ,
art
icl
e 25(
1)
gaur
ant
esst
oev
eryper
sonandt
hef
reedom ofconsci
enceandt
her
ightf
reel
yto
pr
ofess,
pract
iseandpr
opagat
erel
i
gion. Andso,
thest
atei
showev
erpr
event
edf
rom
maki
ng anyl
aw r
egul
ati
ng orr
est
ri
cti
ng anyenomomi
c,f
inanci
al,
pol
i
ticalorot
her
secul
aract
ivi
tywhi
chmaybeassoci
atedwi
thr
eli
giouspr
act
iceundert
hisar
ti
cle.

CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

I
twashel
dint
hecasewher
eitwashel
dinwr
itpet
it
ionunderar
ti
cle32,t
hesupr
eme
cour
tenf
orcedt
hecust
omar
yrel
i
giousr
ight
soft
heshl
acommuni
tyonapi
eceofl
and.
Thecour
tsai
dthatt
hest
atecoul
dnoti
nter
fer
ewi
tht
heest
abl
i
shedcust
omar
yri
ght
sto
per
for
m,t
hei
rrel
i
giouscer
emonyandf
unct
ions.
14

Al
so i
twashel
dint
hecaseofl
akshmi
ndr
a25(
2)(
a),t
heguar
ant
eeundert
he
const
it
uti
onofbr
ihat
hanotonl
ypr
otect
sthef
reedom ofr
eli
giousopi
nionbuti
tal
so
pr
otect
sact
sdonei
npur
suanceofr
eli
gionandr
eli
giouspr
act
isesar
eref
lect
iveof
mat
ter
sconcer
ningr
eli
gionandi
frel
i
gion i
sto bev
ener
atedt
hent
he[
pract
ises
annexedt
her
etoar
eequal
l
yrespect
abl
eandt
obecompl
i
edwi
th15

Al
soi
twashel
dint
hecaset
hatt
hepr
otect
ionunderar
ti
cle25and26ext
endsa

22
guar
ant
eef
orr
it
ual
sandobser
vances,cer
emoni
esandmodesofwor
shi
pwhi
char
e
i
ntegr
alpar
t,i
tfol
l
owst
hatunderar
ti
cle26(
b),
arel
i
giousdenomi
nat
ionoror
gani
sat
ion
enj
oyscompl
eteaut
onomyi
nthemat
terofdeci
dingast
owhatr
it
esandcer
emoni
es
ar
eessent
ialaccor
dingt
othet
enet
soft
her
eli
gion16.
theyhol
donandnoout
side
aut
hor
it
y(eg.
legi
sl
ati
ve/
execut
ive)hasanyj
uri
sdt
ict
iont
oint
erf
erewi
tht
hei
rdeci
sions
i
nsuchmat
ter
s.17

I
tiscl
earf
rom t
hef
actsheett
hat
,“Sami
”ay
oungmanf
rom adhi
sanghcommuni
tyhas
under
gone t
he or
gan t
ranspl
ant
ati
on whi
ch i
s agai
nstt
he r
eli
gious bel
i
efoft
he
adhi
sangh

14.Gul
am AbbasVsSt
ateOfUpAi
r1981Sc2198

15.Commr
.Hr
e,Madr
asVsSr
il
akshmi
ndr
aAi
r1954Sc282,
290

16.
Var
uDi
gyadar
sanRj
endr
aRam DassVsSt
ateOf
andr
aPr
adeshAi
r1970Sc181

17.
Jagadeshwasr
anandAv
udhut
a,Ar
char
yaVsCommrOfPol
i
ce,
Cul
cut
ta,
Air1984Sc51.

CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

peopl
e. The t
ranspl
ant
ati
on sur
ger
y happened i
n accor
dance wi
th pr
esent
t
ranspl
ant
ati
onactandhencet
heactf
rust
rat
est
her
eli
giousf
reedom oft
headhi
sangh
communi
typeopl
es.Thusul
tr
avi
rest
heconst
it
uti
on.

I
tiscl
earf
rom t
heabov
esai
dpr
ovi
siont
hat
,theadhi
sanghcommuni
tybei
ngar
eli
gious
denomi
nat
ion hol
dst
her
ightt
o enj
oyt
hef
reedom t
o pr
act
iser
eli
giousr
it
esand
cer
emoni
esand

sot
hest
ateofneel
ambhar
icannotbet
hebar
ri
ert
othei
rfai
thandbel
i
ef.Asar
esul
t
ofsami
’
sor
gant
ranspal
tat
ion,t
heactwhi
chi
spassedbyt
hest
ateofnel
l
ambhaar
i
i
nter
fer
edt
her
eli
giousf
ait
hofadhi
sanghpeopl
est
husv
iol
atedt
her
eli
giousf
reedom
oft
hem.Thust
heactconst
it
utesabadl
awwhi
chf
rust
rat
est
her
eli
giousf
rust
rat
ioni
f

23
t
headhi
sanghmi
nor
it
ies

I
tishumbl
ysubmi
tt
edt
hat
,whenaper
soni
sdecl
aredbr
aindeadal
lthef
unct
ionsof
t
hebr
aint
otal
l
ycease.Buthi
shear
tcont
inuest
obeatf
oraf
ewday
sandt
hev
italbl
ood
suppl
ytot
heor
gansi
smai
ntai
ned. I
nsuchsi
tuat
iont
her
elat
ivesoft
hepat
ient
encour
ageor
gandonat
iont
oot
herwhoar
einneedoror
gans.I
tiscl
eart
hatt
henear
r
elat
ivesi
ncl
udesspouse,
son,
daught
er,
fat
her
,mot
her,
brot
herandsi
ster
.

Buti
nthi
spr
esentcaset
hedoct
orgott
heconsentf
rom t
hey
out
hper
sonswho
admi
tt
edsamit
othehospi
talandso,
get
ti
ngconsentf
rom t
heper
sonsot
hert
hanbl
ood
r
elat
iveshi
m t
oaccept
abl
easaaut
hor
it
yforsuchor
gant
ranspl
ant
ati
on.Andhence,
t
he acti
s notcl
earon i
ts pr
ovi
sions whi
l
e enact
ing t
he aut
hor
it
yforor
gan
t
ranspl
ant
ati
on.Andso,
theactv
iol
atest
heper
sonal
li
ber
tyofsaami
accor
dingt
oar
ti
cle
21oft
heconst
it
uti
on

CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

Hence.
iti
shumbl
ysubmi
tt
edt
hat
,theNeel
ambhar
ist
atedonat
ion,
tr
anspl
ant
ati
on
andpr
eser
vat
ionofor
gansandt
issueact
,2019v
iol
atest
hef
undament
alr
ight
soft
he
adhi
sanghpeopl
eandt
husul
tr
avi
rest
heconst
it
uti
onofbr
ihat
ha.

24
 CRESCENTSCHOOLOFLAW MOOTCOURTCOMPETI
TION–2019

PRAYER

WHEREFOREI
N THELI
GHTOFTHEFACTSPRESENTED,ARGUMENTSADVANCED
AND AUTHORI
TIES CI
TED, THE PETI
TIONER HUMBLY SUBMI
TS THAT THE
HONOURABLESUPREMECOURTBEPLEASEDTOADJUDGEANDDECLARETHAT,

1.Thewr
itpet
it
ionf
il
edbyUni
onofBr
ihat
haandot
her
schal
l
engi
ngt
hev
ali
dit
yoft
he
acti
smai
ntai
nabl
eint
heSupr
emeCour
t.

25
2.Theactpassedbyt
hest
ateofNeel
ambhar
ivi
olat
est
hef
undament
alr
ight
soft
he
peopl
eandt
husul
tr
avi
rest
heconst
it
uti
on.

ANDPASSANYOTHERRELI
EFTHATTHEHON’
BLESUPREMECOURTMAYDEEM FI
T
ANDPROPERI
NTHEI
NTERESTOFJUSTI
CE,
EQUI
TYANDGOODCONSCI
ENCE.

FORTHI
SACTNESS,
THEPETI
TIONERSHALLDULYBOUNDFOROURPAY.

Sd/
-
Counsel
fort
hepet
it
ioner
.

26