BEVEZETES A kényv tizenhirom fejezetben mutatja be a nyelvi vizsgikon leggyakrabban elddorduld témak szokinesét. Korszeril, modern szokineset kézvetit, s 2 hanem egymishoz logikailag is tartoz6 szokapcsolatokat, kifejezéseket kizOl. A kevesbé isment szavaknak megadiuk a magyar megfelelojét «a témardl olyan érdekes, jott szdkines egy része A s76kinesgydjteményt sok olvasmany, vice, anekdota aktudlis és a nyelvtanulist segité autentikus szive opel A bevezetd karikatirék az érdeklddés felkeltésén til a tanulé mir ismert sz6kinesének eldesalogatisat, valamint az els6 beszélgetés alapjit szolgiljak, a képleirasi feladatok pedig a gondolatok Ondllé megiogal- mazsisaira adnak Iehetds. ésviti ki. Ezek cl et kindljanak, amelyben az a A fejezeteket gyakorl6 feladatok z fezni a téma szokineséb6l. A m irjdk, amelyek Segitségével ellendrizhetd, bi dasokat a knyy végén kiziljUk mennyit sikeriilt me, A konyy utols6 fe dolkodast, érvelést és olyan esszécimek és vitatémak felsorolds: ondolatok irisban v melyek a témdrdl trtén6 Snall6 gon- gy szdban triénd viligos kifejtését igénylik. Néhany tudnival6, biztato s26 és figyelmertetés a konyy eredményes haszniilatihoz Az O jel valamitéh aakori gondot okoz6 szavak utén zardjelben megadjuk a helyes kiejtést nyelvtani vagy nyelvhaszndlati sajitossigra hivja fel a figyelmet Egyes helycken a US jel utal a brit és az ameri arra figyelmeztet, hogy a kifejezést csak héikézna i haszndiat kézStti killénbségre, az infil rSvidités ped i helyzetekben haszndljuk, kifejezést nem 26 sz6tdirat A konyy terjedelme miatt nem adhatunk minden s26 haszndlatéra példét, Ezért ha egy tud mondatba illeszteni, szintén azt javasoljuk, lapozzon fel egy boséges példatirat tartaln Ne érezze kinos kételesséigének, hogy minden kéz6lt sz6t meg kell tanulnia! Természetesen minéL tabbe tud, anndl vélasztékosabban tudja kifejezni m: I jobban érti masok kézIéseit. Ennek ellenére ne -zzen lelkiismeret furdaldst, ha valogat, ha megelégszik azzal, hogy a szavak egy részét csak a passziv felismerés szintjén ismeri! ye hozzai a .sajat” szokincsét, azaz azo Misrészr6l viszont arra kérjiik, minden témahoz te a kife- Je7éseket, amelycket személyesen fontosnak tart, és haszndlni szokott, bar nem szerepelnek a kinyvben, Vadisszon olyan kifejeésekre, amelyek hisnyoznak a kényvbél! H tanulja meg dket! trinél ayabrabban Ujbdi és ijbdl tien vissza az eayes fejezetekhce, mivel a Sbbszie vid imei tar t6sabb eredményt hoz, mint az egyszeri hosszi tanulis Prébailja a képek alapjan, miskor pedig egyes részletek letakardssival fe gyakorolni a képleirast, magdban megiogalmazni az alléspont) dézni a kifejezéseket, dnilléan is w esszékérdések alapjan. A legfontosabb tandics végezetiil az, hogy a nyelvianukis ne okozzon fifjdalmat, hanem tekintse azt a7 ij szakmai kapcsolatok, baritségok kiépitésének, a nemzetkizi kommunikacisban torténd részvételnek és jedhetetlen kellékének. Reméljdk, hogy az eredményes és egytttal sédeszki76t tartja a kerében, Timér EszterTABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 4 The individual and the family « 6 The individual 7 Describing people's appearance . 7 Describing people’s character and personality 9 Family and friends . SI a Daily wveryday life 15 : 16 &. Education and schooling oes 20 Students and schoolwork . ... evaconrannanen i seeeenanonssese 2 Teachers and staff... 24 Lessons, schedules, school buildings 26 Education in Hungary 27 Education in the UK’and US 28 UY Work: occupations, jobs and professions ......... wavedesereneececswerss 32 Employment jobs and occupations 2 nares vie aeae BB ‘The world of work .......... 33 Some jobs 35 Applying for a job 38 1 Eating, drinking and making merry 2 talking about food and drink in general B Foodstufls. : 44 Meals of the day” ort 41 Food preparation and cooking 48 Hungarian, English and American cooking - 49 Restaurants — Wining and dining .... : 2 Housing: Living i the city and living in the country 56 Living in a city or in a large town aa 37 ving in the country 38 Housing... 61 Housework and cleaning 65 Homelessness 67 a2 D Sickness and heatth 10 Parts of the body and injuries 7 Iinesses and symptoms B Medical assistanc %6 Alternative medicine B 8 / The arts, reading and the media 80 Films and going to the cinema . oe 81 Going to the theatre and the ope 84 85 Music and musicians RENEEne art woe Reading books, newspapers and other publications, Television and radio 9 © A healthy titestyle and sports What can you do for a healthier lifestyle Doing sports Your weight ~ Eating well Looking after your body well Vehicles / Means of transport Public transport Cars and driving Roads and streets Travel by air, rail and sea An IU Being outdoors, travetting Spending time outdoors and taking in fresh air Going on holiday Accommodation... .- Sightseeing in Hungary ao Fashions, clothes and your Fashions and clothes Shopping ‘Advertising At D4. Various servis Making a phone call At the post office Money matters . Information technolo; Police work and fighting crime Other services we use in our dail 4 2 ‘U Nature and our environment ‘The solar system and the Earth ‘The animal kingdom Natural phenomena and natural disasters Weather and climate Pollution of the environment Key to the tasks and exercises Titles for writing essays and running debates shopping . : computers and the Internet. % 87 89. 2 93 93 98.4 | THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE FAMILY a c ya % 4 mm a v , q < < < S < jedding 0 s. to wear a wedding dress, dinner, wedding dance, to go.0n a honeymoon‘THE INDIVIDUAL A) THE INDIVIDUAL Milestones in one’s life To be born (birth), to be brought up (upbringing), to grow up. to reach adulthood, to get engaged (engagement) to cohabit', to get married (wedding, marriage), to settle down®, to expect a child (pregnancy). to give birth to a child (childbirth, delivery), 1o christen a child (christening). to go on child-care or maternity leave, to get divorced (divorce), to get separated (separation), to retire’ (retirement), to get widowed, to remarry (remarriage). to live to / to attain old age. to dic, to pass away (death): funeral*, to mourn’ (mourning) Stages of one’s life Childhood: « new-born baby. an infant, a toddler (from 1 t0 2 years)*, a teenager or an adolescent [zedo'lesont]’, a boy or girl in their teens. thirties and forties: Adulthood: a grownup gr a young adult in his or her twentis a middle-aged person in his or her late-forties, fifties and (Old age: a pensioner or retired person, or an old-age pe an octogenarian [oktoud3i'nearian] (between 80 and 90 years). Family status A person may be: single, engaged, married, newlywed (they are newlyweds a newly married couple), separated, divorced, widowed? (a widow is a woman, while a widower is a man), a single parent (mother, father)". A spinster" (infil), a bachelor", a family man'", an only child The most frequently asked questions about your personal details © What is your first / Christian name? Family name / surname? Maiden name? ~ When and where were you born? What is your date of birth? ~ Where are you from? What is your nationality? ~ What qualifications have you got? + What do you do (for a livingy? What are you by pr © What is your marital status? © What is your permanent (or temporary) residence? What is your (postal) address? B) DESCRIBING PEOPLE’S APPEARANCE General features A woman is beautiful, pretty, good-looking, attractive, or untidy, scruffy" Lunpleasant-looking, ugly (or “plain”. if you want to be more polite), A man is smart, well-dressed, handsome or unattractive and even disgusting. A child is sweet, charming, an angel or a little devil Body and build Strong, muscular ['maskjola]. broad-shouldered!’, stocky, feminine-looking with a good figure, slender”, weak, fragile ['fraedgail]!™ apple-shaped, pear-shaped ['peafeipt], well-proportioned, well-built, of average build” or medium-buitt Height (hait) Big, tall, short, lanky” of average / medium / middle height ain 1 2 Keelepszik, mnyugszik sedjba megy temetés S nyupdias megérvepyult "ayerekét egyediil "asegény 8 caldakiepond fe, ‘salidos ember ¥ pisskon,rende *actes val © Pom, Kops Phares 'storskeny * angalétahiss ‘oh orases szdke Teste Kon " ehvlaztva 3 Kony 4 taro 8 vide boro "9 haa hiesds 2 exert are 27 sebbelyes: szemoldok ° bovontos szempilla durzadt 3 sabalyos 2» hinyos 48 rose, robot 4 mfogsor Phajlow dapat “8 agyot halls hallo készilek GING PEOPLE'S APPEARANCE Weight Slim, skinny', all skin and bone or even anorexic®, or a little overweight, erage weight, fleshy’, fat or obese [9u'bi Men often have a beer-belly or spare tyres? Hair Blond, ginger, auburn [‘s:ban} (reddish-brown), dark or light brown, black. grey, white or dyed”. Healthy hair is thick and shiny, not dull and thin. Untidy hair may be greasy, tousled [‘tauzald]? and full of dandruff”. ‘Women like straight, wavy or curly hair, often permed". Hair style: It may be parted", in a bun", a ponytail!’, plaits [plet] / braids'* (US), you may have a fringe" Haircut and length: Women often have long or shoulder-length hair. Men usually have short and spiky"” hair or a crew cut'® With age they may have receding [ri'sizdin])” hair or lose their hair, go bald [bald] and wear a Face Oval, round or thin, A man’s face is clean-shaven, smooth or bearded. ‘Aman may have bristles*!, a beard [biad], a moustache or sideburns, ‘A child or a well-fed person has a chubby” face and a double ¢ while an older person’s face is often weather-beaten™ Depending on your mood, your face is sad, serious, smiling or happy. Skin and complexion”* Pale, fair, sun-tanned, olive or dark, smooth or scarred’”, with wrinkles (rinklz]* and birthmarks on the skin People also have clear and smooth skin or freckles, spots / pimples” and blackheads", Eyes Bright blue, green or brown. (If someone has a “black eye”, however, it means they have been hit in the eye.) Eyes may be bloodshot [blad fot]; a person may be cross-eyed, short-sighted, long-sighted, completely blind or blind in one eye. ‘You may wear glasses (be bespectacled) or contact lenses. As you grow older, there will be crow’s feet ["krauz ‘fist around your eyes. Eyebrows are thin, thick or bushy’; eyelashes" are short or long, straight or curly. Mouth Pretty, well-shaped, full-lipped, swollen [swaulon}” or small and thin ‘Teeth Good, healthy, even", perfect and straight or missing, gappy®, sticking-out, broken, bad or decayed Children have milk teeth and teenagers often wear a brace to correct their uneven teeth When you grow older. you get wisdom teeth and later false teeth or dentures [dent faz}! Nose Small, big, pointed, hooked or tumed up (a snub nose)** Ears People have small ears or long floppy" ears. If your hearing is very good, ‘you have sharp, fine or good ears. If you carinot hear well, you are hard of hearing’ dr (stone / totally, partially) deaf [def] and need a hearing aid.4 | DESCRIBING PEOPLE'S CHARACTER AND PERSONALITY 4 Hands Sofi, delicate', long-fingered and well-manicured [‘maenikjuad] or rough? * inom and strong > dura, munkiskés Old people’s hands are often arthritic [ax'@raitik] / gnarled [na:ld]? § sbesorts and shaking / trembling. ae © santa, nyomorch Legs Long and shapely*, muscled [masld], powerful, strong, thin, skinny or fat Itisa problem if one’s leg is broken / fractured, stiff, lame® or bad. Following amputation, one is given a wooden / artificial leg " kétes ly. Describe the people in the pictures. Who looks the oldest and the youngest, and why? Does any of them look like someone you know’? In what way are they similar? Describe your best friend, Take the photos of some famous public figures and describe their appearance. What are your own preferences regarding people’s appearance? What physical features and personality characteristics matter to you th. in judging a person, and what features do you consider less important? " C) DESCRIBING PEOPLE’S CHARACTER AND PERSONALITY Character in general terms Positive features: nice, friendly, relaxed’, calm, positive, likeable, loveable, respectable’, lively”, strong, complex", original and colourful Negative features: negative. shady", strange / odd'”, weak, unpleasant, violent!®, bad and evil ['izval]"*itor, bits 26 kaposolatteremis Séeaékeny “ite ford Seaytiner fee fords, érzeimeit kimutats Karon, erskete Shefeléforduls 9 gyanakvé fescbbrenda Micoreszhed6 Riekerels Bgsaeletion Hveszekedds 8 gonosz,keayetlen "Smaganys kon rtelmes Sichere 2 putdeska 2 eines Shaye Gazi, eayenes hate 27Gb 2 haadges, kita vk ‘elle ‘ember Mesals 51 Komoly,jéean 2 ystozs hangulatd Skomor Senden, en suger skank 4 pene sr ember $8 funy ember Storekv Hones Sekiismeretes elikelt “ara gores mentes 8 foletes P tbksletesséare ties eso, kudare Sl steber $2fortoskods ember SSkivdnesi S#tetkes $Skomoly gondotkods Sétisreiettuds émodori Sot beillesheds 5 durva, oromba etkeds Relationship to others Positive features: sociable (to approach), open-minded, sensitive’, outgoing? Negative features: unsociable, indifferent”, egotistical, selfish, self-centred, introvert’, suspicious’, fecling superior", condescending [kondi'sendig]!" (Wo condescend), patronising" (to patronise), disrespectful”, insensitive, unsympathetic, quarrelsome'" (to quarrel), aggressive and cruel!® Neutral features: lonely"*, shy encouraging! (to encourage), approachable® extroverted, sympathetic [simpo'8etik, Intellectual ability Positive features: skilled® Negative features stupid, half-witte t / smart / quick / intelligent / able", talented / gifted", inintelligent, slow, simple / simple-minded, foolish / silly", dim / dumt nius [dgéznias)**, a moron ['mo:ron}* Honest Positive features: honest / frank / sincere / truthful / trustworthy [‘trast wardi] / straightforward, faithfuP’, loyal, open, direct Negative features: dishonest, untruthful, insincere [insin' sia), disloyal, a crook®, acheat® Moods Positive features: happy. cheerful, jolly, optimistic, funny and talkative ‘when they are in a good mood, serious, sober", an optimist Negative fearures: changeable, moody", gloomy”, angry, hurt / offended, pessimistic or depressed when they are in a bad mood, a pessimist Neutral features: melancholic [melon'kolik], a realist Attitude to money Positive features: kind, generous, ready to share, open-handed, hospitable 'hospitabal}®, economical”, good with money, modest™ Negative features:. money-minded, mean / stingy” ['stind3i], tight-fisted™, a spendthrift*!, and a miser [maizo} Attitude to work Positive features: ambitious, ove (to work hard), conscientious [konfi'en fas}, determ lazy, easy-going and laid-back" Negative features: unsuccessful, superficial’, a workaholi a failure ['feilia]™, an eager-beaver", a busybody® hard-working creative [kri'eitiv] a perfectionist”, Attitude to the world Positive features: open-minded, interested, curious, enthusiastic (enOjuzz1'eest thoughtful, reflective®, polite, courteous ['kattias}*, well-mannered”, well-adjusted™ Negative features: narrow-minded, short-sighted, impolite, ill-mannered, rude / rough / coarse Neutral features: meditative, nostalgic, sceptical 2 EL SPEAKING Look at the above classifications. Do you always agree that the features given are necessarily positive or negative? Think of situations when you would describe them differently= 4 | How do you see yourself? What are your best qualities? Be honest! Is there anything in your character that you would like to change? What are the three characteristics that you admire most in people? What are the three negative features that you dislike most in people? { Boy 2a 100k ike nice, sensiby Af brave and intelligent. His friend: “You should never go steady os, the pretier ms e Hook at the more Il -y qught 10 Wok at OH MONE D) THE FAMILY AND FRIENDS Members of the family, close and distant relatives The nuclear family! is made up of husband and wife / spouses {spauziz}* (formal), | mother and father / mum and dad, one’s children / kids, younger and older brothers; hézastirs and sisters / siblings (formal), twins, grandmother / granny and grandfather / grandpa,“ Miteiedt csi ‘The extended family’ also comprises one’s uncle, aunt / auntie, niece, nephew, ee cousins, great-grandparents, in-laws' (e.g. mother-in-law, daughter-in law), godparents, stepmother’, stepfather, step-brother, step-sister. * sok esd Other relationships A friend (boyfriend or girlfriend), partner, one’s ex (e.g. ex-girlfriend), one’s future husband or wife / a husband-to-be or wife-to-be, fiancé fiancée (= a woman) man), D speaxine Describe who the members of your immediate and your extended family are. Draw a family tree. Here are some proverbs and figurative uses of certain words related to this vocabulary. Can you match them with their meaning? &—r (1. An only child isa Tonely child. @ Don't et him exploit you in exchange) for treats Yes, because he is always away. 3 Careful He is throwing oot the Faby fe) Tknow. Tan not 30 wat the bat He is the bi @) He loves his kids so much and does so | much for them. |S. She lives like a grass widow. ©) OF course, we all wish we had brothers 6, Careful, He might be a real sugar daddy. | f) We should punish children that misbehave. wasn't born yesterday. £) He is going too far in changing things. | of the family. | h) We e proud of hi ‘a true family man. [i) Tknow. He takes afterme. Yes. she is not going out to workrunkatirs éadk Speosrtot svakkor elvtirsak 2 nots " Setorgcolia "Tepenybaesd "einybuest Snyonzolyé liny 7 nérassi anyakonyvikivonat 'Smrenpasszonyifatyol oszoni semoking ( THE FAMILY AND FRIENDS, \ 2 sreanine Think of a situation where you could use one of the expressions on page [1 Social ret People you know outside the family may be your (good, best or closest) friend an acquaintance, At work you have employers and e a boss or superior (su: pioria), a he rivals [‘raivalz}, professional contacts, neighbour, a flatmat At school you have classmates, schoolmates, peers* teams, clubs’ In a club or professional organisation there board-members*, committ a president, a chairman or chairwoma are members, ‘a secretary, (or chairperson in ployees, colleagues, workmates id of department, subordinates’, friends and rivals, -omrades’, 3}! treasurer ['tr “A friend is someone who knows the best and worst in us and loves us just the same, As the only child of elderly parents, brought up on a remote farm, my school-friends were important to me and helped fill the void caused by a lack of siblings. I still have four friends T made when T was ten. A good friend- ship is like a good. marriage ~ it has to be worked at. It requires commitment, time, trouble and love to keep it alive, and remember... Make new friends, but keep the old. One is silver, the other gold. Think of your own friends. What do yor What do yo Why do you need them? 4 from your friends? ‘The wedding and the marriage ceremony Before the wedding you throw a stag party? or a he day there is the bride ( a man on his wedding day), id the two witnesses, the priest in the church or eaistry office and the weddi ngements, to walk up the aisle, to take the marriage vows, ign the register, to to throw confetti and rice, to drink a toast to the iding ring, wedding dress, he: bouquet, bridegroom's suit or tuxedo" On one’s weddi the (bride)groom ( the bridesmaids!> the registrar [,redgi'straz]"* in the n To make the wedding ar to marry, to get married, to si Engagement or w bridal wreath [1 Wedding dinner / reception, wedding “Friends are the very essence of life. My friends have cheered me up when T thought my world was ending and have been there to shape my happiest moments. I only hope I've given back a fraction of that love to them. I think it’s | good to have a lot of friends. You're not spreading yourself too thin'', whatever anyone might tell you. Meeting people from different places and backgrounds teaches us valuable lessons ~ it makes us more understanding and tolerant and, at the very least, means we know ‘enough people to throw a good party.” party"? for your friends, oman on her weddi e bridegroom’s best man et the marriage certificate’ nwlyweds, to go on honeymoon ud-dress, bridal veiwot er ate ids id, THE FAMILY AND FRIENDS The ingredients of a traditional white wedding in Britain: The bride should wear “something old, something new something borrowed, something blu Something Old Continuity — This represents the link with the bride's family and the past. Something New Optimi Hope — This represents good fortune new if nd much success in the tyride’s Something Borrowed Happiness shared with happily married couples unily and friends will be there for her when help is needed, omething Blue Fidelity, Love and Purity This represents faithfulness and loyalty. Many brides choose a blue garter! harsnyakns slom ww:theweddingmarch.com/something-old-poem The traditional marriage vows [vauz]* I (bride"s name) take thee (groom's name) to be my lawful wedded husband, to have and to hold from this day forth, for be for poorer, in sickness and in health to love and to cherish forsaking all other, until death do us par. for worse, for ric D soraxine Describe the wedding ceremonies in the pictures. How would you like to organise your What would you like to wear?4 ” = aa ( ‘THE FAMILY AND FRIENDS 4 Perfect Man and Woman There was «perfect man who met a perfect woman. Aficr perfect courtship, they had a perfect wedding. Their life together was. of course, perfect, One snowy, stormy Christmas Eve this perfect couple was driving along a winding toad when they noticed someone at the roadside in distress | Being the perfect couple, they stopped 10 belp. There stood Sana Claus with a huge bunate of toys. Not wanting to disappoint any children on e of Christmas, the perfect couple ta and his toys int their vehicle Soon they were driving along delivering the toys. Unfortunately, the driving conditions Phrases related to family mat "felnevet educate them Slesri megssig OF cold [skould] them’. Shasont, valine it Telsrakaad, lov walk Skijonnek epymassal renulszeresen talalkozik valakivel fr valakivel SszeknOzik break away’ from the family . Problems in the family Marital problems Byeszekedés Mharassitdres 'Sfelekeny itor 'ehizassagon kivali eXtramarital affair apesoiat Economic problems "egyenkten ‘mnkamegosstis 8 miso mizak" 4nd onto munkija horas estverek kit rivalizais fatalkon bandzes Problems with children Premature ['prematfa] babies!”, hyper drug-related problems Other problems ® See > page T3 £2.22 Discussion Not being able to make ends meet, unequal division of labou deteriorated and the perfect couple and Sania Claus had an accident. Only one of them survived the accident Who was the survivor? ‘The perfect woman. She's the only one that really existed in the first place. Everyone knows there is no Santa Claus and there is no such thing as fa perfect man. ‘A male's response: So, if there is no perfect man and no Santa Claus, the perfect woman must have been diving. This explains why there was a car accident. Parents bring up or raise! children (this is their upbringing), look after them’, ive them a good education, send them to school / university. guide and discipline® them, praise* them and occasionally tell them off / Children take after their parents® / look like them, grow up, grow out of their clothes, ‘Young people get on well with each other’, fallin love with sy (love at first sight) g0 out with sy’ / date them, go steady', move in with sy", break up / split up", fall out of love, separate and meet their future spouse. Arow [rau]"’, quarrelling, fighting, divorce (to get divorced), separation (to separate), adultery [o'daltari], cheating on someone, being jealous'* (jealousy), secret / ", women’s second shift!® ive [,haipar'sektiv] children, dyslexic children, sibling rivalry [‘raivalri)®, generation gap, playing truant juvenile delinquency ['d3u:venail di'linkwansi P' drug addiction, Poor health, mental and psychological [saiko'lodsikal] problems, illness, death Who is responsible for these problems? How can these situations be improved or solved?thes, », rate), ‘hif'® o 2a SPEAKING Describe what each person in the picture is doing. Would you say this is atypical Hungarian family?” * What do you do when all the members of your family are together? E) DAILY ROUTINE — EVERYDAY LIFE ‘Things we do in the morning ‘To wake up, to get up. to take morning exercise, to go to the toilet, to wash. totake a shower, a bath, to clean / brush your teeth, to comb [koum] your hair, to make up /to put on makeup, to shave, to get dressed, to have breakfast (@ not a breakfast!), to leave home (® not from home!), to arrive at school, at work (@ not fo school, to work!), to arrive on time Possible problems ‘Tooversleep. to be in a hurry / rush, to miss the bus, to get caught in a traffic jam, inthe rush hour, to be late for school, for work (® not from school!), to forget to take sg, to leave a book behind (@ not forget a book!) Breaks Totake a lunch-break, a coffee or tea break, a cigarette break ‘Things we have to do after school and work To go home, to pick up the children’, to do the shopping. to have an evening meal, ! emegy a gverekokért to water the plants, to feed the animals, to do housework (to do the cleaning, 4 leerest washing, cooking and ironing), to do homework (@ not homeworks!), — to study (@ not ro learn!) Free time ‘To have spare time, leisure time, to have a quiet evening, to make time for yourself, to slow down, to take it easy? to relax, to sit back and relax. ‘Things we do in our free / leisure time ‘To hang out’ (infm!), to meet friends, to have a chat, to go out, to dine out, to have an evening out, to go to a jazz club, a bar, a pub, a restaurant, to go dancing, to go to the cinema or theatre. to join a library and to do some reading. to go for a walk / stroll, to walk the dog. to do sports, to play games. 10 give / to throw a party 15' navassigi évfordulé 2 Nagy Péntek 3 Punkosd + vids dinepi alka Jom S bulit/ megle bulit rendez © apr sttemeny 16 @> For more see —> page 113 Things we do in the evening To go to bed, to watch television, to go to sleep / 0 fall asleep Holidays To take time off work (¢.g. taking two days off, taking a morning off), to go on holiday / vacation (US), to take a holiday / vacation, to be on leave, to take a long weekend, to spend a weekend away ® See —> page us ‘Types of leave To be on sick-leave, on matemity-leave (and sometimes paternity leave). on study leave Ways of asking people about their free time: > What are you doing tonight (this weekend, on Sunday etc.)? © What are your plans for this weekend (next Saturday ete.)? + Shall we go out together? Let’s do something together. + Do you fancy / feel like going to the cinema? Would you like to come round to my place? © What are you up to this evening? Have you got anything special on this weekend? F) HOLIDAYS Family celebrations in Hungat We celebrate our birthday, name-day, new-born baby’s christening, silver, golden, diamond jubilee [‘dsu:bili:], wedding anniversary', graduation day, Mother's Day (first Sunday in May), Valentine's Day (14" February), the Day of the Dead (early in November), Christmas Eve (24 December), Christmas Day (25! December), New Year's Eve (31 December), New Year's Day (1* January), Good Friday (Friday before Easter Sunday), Easter Sunday, Easter Monday, Pentecost® What we do On festive occasions we congratulate each other, wish each other all the best, ach other presents, send greeting cards, get together for a meal, give / throw sty, a surprise party’, remember dead members of the family and those who are away, have fun, and drink to our health. (On other occasions we go to church, pray and remember the dead. Christmas / The festive season Traditions: to send Christmas cards / season’s greetings, to set up and decorate a Christmas tree, to search for, to wrap, to unwrap Christmas presents, to sing Christmas carols, to go to Christmas mass Traditions in Hungary: baby Jesus bringing presents on Christmas Eve, cating Christmas dinner on 24": fish soup, fried fish, poppy seed and walnut cake, gingerbread and Christmas cookies* Traditions in English-speaking countries: Chri Boxing Day (26"), Father Christmas / Santa Cla sledge bringing presents, dropping them into the chimn mas Eve (24), Christmas Day (25*) is (US) and his reindeer with their children hangingHOLIDAYS. Christmas stockings on the bed, burning a yule log on the evening before Christmas, going Christmas carolling, kissing under the mistletoe [misoltou} fagyéngy pulling Christmas crackers. (Coloured paper tubes that are pulled apart lento for on Christmas Day during the main meal. They make a loud noise and contain sonnag. Denne a.simall gift, a paper hat and a joke.) ret hs English Christmas lunch: roast turkey, Christmas pudding with a coin inside and vagy iSkivinsig brandy butter. Christmas cake. mince pie iron gytimdl- + Easter Traditions in Hungary: painting and hiding hard-boiled eggs. sprinkling girls nye with water or eau de Cologne ['ou de ka'loun} on Easter Monday, getting chocolate Easter eggs and rabbits Traditions in England: Easter bunny' bringing chocolate eggs. going to the mom lay, [2 soraxine cow * Describe the scene in the photo. A this a tradition that you and your family and friends observe how do you celebrate Easter in your family? Where do you think the tradition of sprinkling women comes from? ® What is your opinion of it and of receiving coloured eggs and money in return * How do you celebrate Christmas in your family? Whit do you consider to be the best presents for Christmas and for other famil holidays * Describe a tradition related to a special day of the year (c.g. birthdays or 6!" Decew that you followmegemlehezih ( EXERCISES, ) National holidays in Hungary 15" March ~ remembering the Revolution and War of Independence of 1848-49 20" August ~ Saint Stephen's Day 23% October — commemorating (to commemorate!) the 1956 Revolution A. Za SPEAKING Explain to a foreign friend the origins and significance of one of our national holidays Special days and holidays in the USA: Martin Luther King Jr. Day (third Monday in January), April Fool’s Day (1% April) Memorial Day (last Monday in May). Father's Day (third Sunday in June Labor Day (first Monday in September) Columbus Day (second Monday in October), Election Day (every four years) Veterans” Day (1!"” November), Thanksgiving (last Thursday in November) Special Irish holiday: St Patrick’s Day (17 March), Special Scottish celebration: Bums Night (25" January) Special English celebrations: Guy Fawkes Day (5! November), Remembrance Day or Poppy Day (th inday nearest to November 11) © Who are these people to you? + 1. Your mother’s brother is your Your father’s sister is your 3. Your mother’s grandmother is your 4. Your husband’s family are your er’s husbi Your daugh ter is your __ 6. Your sister’s daug Your father’s new wife’s sons are your 8, Your new “parents” at your christeni are your 9. Your earlier girlfriend is your 10, Your mother’s new husband is your _ \d the odd one out. Explain how it is different from the other words. @—+ aunt spinster widow bachelor bride best man witness sibli wedding immediate nuclear single-parent 4. creative jealous outgoing muscular ill-mannered 5. married divorced separated single morona | © Describe these people, using the best noun ot » 1 dull would give ber fonds anything ss bak She i 0. 2, Gnevee, her din ae dein ns abn Hs eeraly 5. My oom clan ‘eves ithe’ poallive eda of everyihing» Hoe 6 crue tional 4, Whenever John docs, something, it: should be done: without a mistake His balay, 5. Even’ height Goenpany a AX on Goi Rv tnt pli We wl 6 My fend loves company, and people ususlly ke to her when they mest her, 7. A180, my grandmother I il imereste in polities and other curent affairs Te aire bow — tel 8, Paul enjoys pulling his cat’s tail and letting it go hungry. Isn’t that of him? 9. He is too embarrassed t talk or aet in public: he i to 10. Although he is only four. he ean work out the most complicated mathematica pecan eto @ Opposites: Give at least three words to express the oppostes of the given word. Sr Lopes ok oe — 3. honest - a lonely 5. bright oo Q Fill in the missing words. 8 In Brin, the evening before Chrismis Day is known as (______; Cutholi people go to a special cd chorch service called midnight @) a Children are very excited as they believe that %, y } wat come down the tbsp and pe presen ki (3) People spend Christmas Day with their (6)____ . They open their a around the tee and later have a meal called 8) Po At the start of the mea, they usually pull a (9) . coloured poper tabs thet-urully: aves asrall expla sound and wontiina w paper hat anda joke. The tradition of (10) gs bac sche — dimeivben ch people give serves present of money wnered&, EDUCATION AND SCHOOLING vocabulary, calendar, pocket calculator, school bag, pencil case, pen, biro, coat rack, pot plant, poster, ballpoint pen, felt pen. pencil, to work, to study, 10 lear, yon, highlighter, to explain, to point at sg, to take notes, to copy, to raise a hand, to check, to draw, to scribble, to do a crossword wall map, notebook. exercise book, workbook, course book / text book. and bilingual dictionary. file, reader,STUDENTS AND SCHOOLWORK ) 2 A) STUDENTS AND SCHOOLWORK | Student is « general word Ar school | Pupils or schoolboys and schoolgirls, schoolchildren, students Ar the end of their secondary studies School-leavers! 1 In higher education besa di University / college students, undergraduates [andagreed uit? * misodik diplomsiara észil6 dik Ar the endl of or afier their university suidies Graduates [gred3uit e.g. a science or arts graduate, an engineering graduate 5 dokorandass Postgraduates [poust gredjuit}', PhD candidates? and alumni [a'lamnai] fer (@ s: alumnus)* and alumnae fo'lamna] (s: alumna)? pos gnenae Learning a skill or trade* Apprentices [a'prentisiz)":e a shoemaker’s apprentice yakomok In training for a job Trainees": e. teachers, legal trainees, trainee managers Special names for students at US high schools and colleges Freshman ['frefmon] (1* year), sophomore ['sofams:] (2! year), ), senior (4! year) © Tolearn, study and work Learn = gain knowledge of a subject or skill by studying it, by being taught, or by experience. Learning is more practical than studying: learn a language. leam (how) to drive, learn a lot, lear quickly or slowly, learn sg by heart Siudy = spend time reading, going to classes in order to learn about a subject Students seudty a subject, especially if itis theoretical and based on reading To study’ also means to examine, to analyse and to think about a subject: Es. study lav, study at university study for an exam, study to be an economist Work is also used in the sense of “tanulni” or “tanulis “This student works a lot.” (Sokat tanul.) “Her schoolwork / coursework is excellent.” (Tanulmnyi eredménye kiemelked6.) Well-known sayings and proverbs about education o knowledge Pricticg is the ey 10 ener © Make Doubt nels me Perfocy Oran Wh Two heads are better than one. ion va there's a wy ohn Heswood c.1497-1580)) bag, theme 8 8 wi “3 "Sa way, , others hat ter, Anton an tearm bY OT own. Pa : ") wise mem EAT og BY Mistakes are doorways 0 discover, penn { unknown) Taken from: hup:/}weww:wiseoldsayings.comIwosdirectoryi.htm * What do these sayings tell us about learning?” * Look at them one by one and explain what you think they mean. Decide if you agree with them, 2| iskolatitopas S kemenyen tanal magot Sigmetl ? mcabukik * énckkar * akkerok iskolin kil levehenysegek Cserkések "2 Crerkesrh "ransaekek folvtele jetemtke- vik * kétcless " valascthats "7 utatss "8 dolgazatot nytt be 2 osatlyzat nat syakornoki hely wvakdolgorst * Seakdolgozat yak > Lclesdgtnds » snsogads © kituri © srabalyt hovel 2 tehetée ” tehetsézes Sista besa luzzoe 4 duzzogs, seétlan * ross rosseatho, esimtalan sok fgyelmet és ners izényl6, * kihivs avenge idegzets + rose uldboosztss C STUDENTS AND SCHOOLWORK ) What students do at school To reach school age, to go to school, to attend school (attendance!), to be at school. to be in class / form four, five To learn to read, write and count (adding, subtracting, multiplying, dividing), to leam and practise skills?, to read aloud, to put questions to the teacher, to answer the teacher’s questions, to lear sg by heart, to do project work. to swot for an exam’, to eram*, to do homework, to revise’ (revision), to do /to take oral and written tests ( not write!), to get top marks, to have high scores, to score ... in test, to cheat in the tests, to take exams, to pass® or fail” exams (failure), to skip lessons / to cut school (US) Extra-curricular activities ‘To take up a subject or a sport, to be in a football, basketball or other sports team, 10 g0 to choir® or orchestra practice / rehearsal, to go on school excursions, to take an active part in clubs’ and other out-of-school activities", to be in the Boy Scouts", Girl Guides!” or other youth organisations ‘What students do in university departments!* To apply for admission's, to take the entrance exam, to be accepted, to be rejected. to get in, to enrol / to enroll (US) (enrolment) To study / to read subjects, to major (US) in languages or mathema to do mandatory ['maendatari}'® and elective / optional'® courses in subjects (@ not from!), to go to lectures, seminars and t to do research work’, to submit papers'*, to take to get credits for their work, to get grades"? for their exams, to receive scholarships” and traineeships", to go on study trips i To do / to write a thesis ['8izsis], to do a PRD dissertation", to defend their thesis (thesis defence") and to graduate™ from university (® not at or in!) What makes a successful student Hard work (hard-working®), interest (interested), motivation (motivated). ambition (ambitious™), concentration (concentrated), attention (attentive™), a sense of duty (dutiful), obedience [a'bizdians] (obedient), good behaviour (well-behaved), respect for learning (respectful), persistence (persistent), maturity [mo'tfuariti] (mature"), sociability [Souf>’bliti] (sociable) flexibility (flexible™), ability to follow instructions, obey rules" and work under pressure and stre Having a gift’ for languages, music, sport, etc. (gifted), openness to new challenges (open), clear speech** musical talent (talented”), What makes an unsuccessful student Laziness (lazy), carelessness (careless), sloppiness (sloppy work), bad behaviour (badly behaved), disrespect (disrespectful), arrogance (arrogant™), dishonesty (dishonest), sulkiness (to sulk®, sulky") cheekiness (cheeky*), being naughty impolite, demanding“, talkative, provocative”, aggressive, neurotic™. being late for classes, poor time management* ~_ted, STUDENTS AND SCHOOLWORK Six-yearold expelled after “reign of terror” A six-year-old boy has become one of the youngest children to be perma- nently excluded from school, following, an 18-month reign of terror that left some of his classmates psychologically traumatised. The boy was thrown out of Ashton Vale primary school in Bristol, after worried parents wrote a letter to gover- nors demanding his removal. They reported him urinating on fellow pupil stamping on children’s heads and scratching classmates” faces. However, his father yesterday blamed the school for his son’s bad behaviour and for not acting quickly enough. “I think they've gone the wrong way about it.” he s “At home he’s as good as gold. He did, however, admit that his son had been given “more than enough chances” and had “taken it too far” at the school. “He's always been naughty. He fights everyone all the time but doesn’t know when to stop — he just carries on.” ‘The boy was known as a trouble- maker at nursery school, but the frequency of violent incidents has risen steadily and he has been suspended numerous times. His father fears his unusual domestic environment may have had an effect on Troy's behaviour. He has split from the boy's mother, but they still share the same home, despite the fact that she is now expecting a baby with her new boyfriend. Parents at Ashton Vale claim their concems were ignored until the new Principal arrived. “Before then teachers ‘were more supportive to the boy than to us and our kids,” said one distressed mother, “Since the new headmistress took over, things have moved a lot quicker.” Another added that the boy had “terrorised” most of the children in the class and taken up so much of the teacher’s time that their education was suffering. “We just had to do some- thing,” she stated. It is thought the boy will now be placed in a special school, although the local education authority has not yet contacted his parents Adapted from: hnp:!/education.guardian.co.ukischoolsistory105500.924849,00 Jum Are the following statements true (T) or false (F), or the article does not say (sy? Se 0 to a speci may have. Troy has caused a lot of physical and mental damage to his classmates. He cannot go back to his school for some time now The school has sent several notes to the parents about Troy's behaviour. According to the father, he is not the same child at home as he is at school. The father does not accept that his son is aggressive, school in the same are His father thinks the family is not at all responsi The problems in Troy's home life are not more serious than what other children le for Troy’s behaviour, 9 Parents received no answers to the angry letters they had written to the local education authority. 10 Principal is another word for headmaster or headmistress. ind the words in the text that describe Troy’s behaviour and the phrases that refer t0 its effects on classmates, teachers and parents. D seraxine Would you say you are a successful student? What are the qu What are the fe: ities that make you successful?” ures that take away from y ur su » Deseribe a particularly successful period of your school career.1 herds tae 2 yeasts eons az angol nyelsi unkaksrdoss Delyettests tana 5 tana kar © hata es obtans ayes eeyctemehen cobtatei har * jskolaig '0 Ganieligyets ake sali unkakirowsey " Gravdiat " Nemecté Tantery ' beindit © Semlétits anyay ® technikai berenaleres 2 elokesit, belli ivitelee adja unk feladat x rulless vg bieonyitvany jelemét est ely oktatsi osetity ¢ TEACHERS AND STAFF ) B) TEACHERS AND STAFF Teachers work in schools: nursery. kindergarten, primary, form, special teacher, Sunday school teacher, ete. A school employs many subject teachers, assistants! and senior teachers?, head teachers (e.g. Head of English’), supply teachers! Teaching staff * is the collective word for all teachers in a school. Lecturers work at colleges and unives guest lecturer, ies: e.g. a physics, chemistry, visiting, Lect be assistant professors, professors or, at some universities, fellows’, © Professors: In the US all university teachers are called professors. In the UK a professor is the head of a university department or research institute Faculty” is the collective word for all lecturers in a university or college department, Insiructors teach practical skills: e.g. a swimming, driving, ski instructor cal sh Trainers teach mostly phy’ : €.8. a boxing, judo, personal, animal trainer Other people working for schools Headmaster o headmistress / principal* (US), deputy head?, school inspector”, librarian, laboratory assistant, school doctor, nurse, psychologist, caretaker, school govemnor'', School Board!?, Parent Teacher Association (PTA)'” Teachers’ responsibilities Plann To prepare lessons, to make lesson plans'4, to design teaching materials", to draw up their own syllabus", to follow the National Curriculum!” Delivery of lessons To hold the lesson, to explain the material, to set up'* activities, to organise up and pair work, to ask and answer questions, to use visual aid!® posters, illustrations, films), to use technical equipment (e.g. tape-recorder, video and computers), to set up" and carry out”? experiments e Seung work To set classwork, homework, exercises, task: tests and examinations assignments [o'sainments}*, Marking and evaluation® To check, to evaluate and mark: marks / grades students’ work and (o give students Feedback” To give feedback on students’ work, to praise™, to encourage [in'karids}", to support, to tell off students Discipline To keep order and discipline, not to allow discipline to break down"®, to punish students for disruptive behaviour® Administrative duties To send notes to parents, to keep a class register", to fill in end of year school reports, fo prepare reports for the local educational authority!” , tnd other bodies( vescrrsinc What makes a successful teacher Faimess (fair'), objective evaluation of judlents’ work. intel ence (intelligent). saewigon cher, knowledge of the subject they teach, high-standard? teaching skills, 2 magas sind modem classroom methods, strict requirements’, interest in students, Lieachers J} Sense of humour, being friendly, approachable [a'prout fabl}* and natural a » diskok malar Problems and difficulties at school and university ss megfelemliése Shortage of teachers and staff. poor quality teaching, bullying [buliin!, «gis playing truant [‘truzant] / skiving®, mixed ability groups. being a teacher's pet”. ‘ disruptive students, failure, unfair grades, missing a year, cheating’ Neeaat dees fetlowss, f M2itrism [pleidsarizam] in student papers (to plagiarse pleidseraiz!) ‘oak Skeskedik inute, ® piscession vartment Who is responsible for these problems? How can they be dealt with? rainer Have you ever had similar problems yourself? ia” onder, 2 sreaxine Describe the scene in the picture In what ways is this scene different from your own cl * How do you think this teacher could get students to pay more attention to her? * Describe a teacher you like very much. Do you feel teachers are overworked in Hungary? Give your reasons.LESSONS, SCHEDULES, SCHOOL BUILDINGS) C) LESSONS, SCHEDULES, SCHOOL BUILDINGS Types of lessons, Ar school you have lessons, classes or periods: e.g. a history lesson / class, a double period of History ‘Classes are from 8 to 3.” “Classes have been cancell Between lessons students have breaks, with our friends at break, Ar university you have lectures for a large number of students, seminars and workshops in smaller groups and one-to-one tutorials and consultations with professors. © If you doa sport, you have training sessions ( not rrainings!) 1 tangy The academic year! > evnyits nnepél The academic year / school year in Britain is made up of three terms, in the US pe of two semesters. There are longer holidays or breaks at Christmas and Easter {vies inently During the summer holiday / vacation schoolchildren often go to summer camp. wit amepely Specia sealagavans bal events at school and university ‘eremony”, freshmen’s ball’. breaking up ceremony? / prom (US) ch Day', school-leavers” ball®, graduation ceremony D speaxine Describe the scene in the picture If you could choose. is this the way you would say good-bye to your school? Why? Describe another Hungarian school tradition that you very mucit like or dislike The school building Classrooms, lecture computer lab, staff 100m, self-service cafeteria, canteen! toilets, schoolyard. sports grounds auditorium’, library, corridors’, laboratories / labs (n/m), ym, chan 26 Ly[EDUCATION IN HUNGARY y ES ouble eak.” shops essors. ml), School subjects @—r Decide if these subjects are typic lly taught in primary (PS) or secondary school (SS) or in higher education (HE). Ifa subject may be taught at different levels, mark it accordingly. Geometry __ [Arithmetic Ir Ants and crafts Payehology Anidenicattine . | Otoley [Paychosnalyaia a Political seience jeder studios Folk dancing Music and Singing) Give your own timetable with the classes that you have in a typical week. Monday Tuesday Wednesday Thursday Fri 8.00-9.00 9.00-10.00 10,00-11.00 11.00-12.00 12,001.00 1.00-2.00 2,00-3.00 3.00-4.00 4.00-5.00 D sreskinc Looking at your own schedule, do you think it is too busy or just the opposite? What are the be: lays of the week for you? Why? What are your favourite classes? Is there enough of them in your schedule? What would you like to change in your timetable? Why? Describe your schoo! buil D) EDUCATION IN HUNGARY Stages of education Créche (kreif]. kindergarten, primary school, secondary school, higher education schools ear and 4-y schoo? bilingual [bai ‘music, mathematies. science, etc. 1 secondary grammar school. secondary technical school. \gwall’ school, school specialised for drama, Some Hungarian universities, colleges, thei Eatvis Lordnd University of Sciences: Fi Faculty of Sciences, Barezi Gusztév Fax Teacher Training, Faculty of Elementary and Nursery School Teachers’ Training Budapest University of Economic Sciences: Faculty of Public Administration, Faculty of Business Administration, Faculty of Economics, Faculty of Social Sciences University of Agricultural Sciences faculties and departments: culty of Law, Faculty of Humanities, ity of Special Education, Faculty of bi esse rakrmunkistanul 3K vdpedagégiai _iskols svini iskola S egyhdziiskols Coll Budapest Business School: Commerce. Business Studies Hungarian Academy of Fine Arts Liszt Ferenc Academy of Music Hungarian Academy of Applied Arts Academy of Drama and Film Other types of schools Single-sex schools EDUCATION INTHE UK AND US -ge of Finance and Accountane ‘atering and Tourism, College of International Mat boys’ and girls’ schools), mixed / coeducational schools, ) College of ‘agement and | special school! (for children with learning problems and handicaps), boarding school | (where students live and study), art school, drs ‘unday school (for religious education), summer school, church schoo! language school, dance school 2 sreswine Describe your own education. ‘What schools have you attended? What examinations have you taken? What are your further plans? E) EDUCATION IN THE UK AND US Types of primary and secondary schools schoo! vening school, us Playgroup, playschool, nursery school, Kindergarten (optional for 2 years) Playgroup, nursery school, preschool, 1 Kindergarten (2 of 3 years from 3 t0 6) Infant school 5-6 Lower school 6-8) Junior schoo! 7-11 Infant + junior Primary school Tola]-le[alofele Middle school Elementary / Primary school Primary school 13 Junior high school 03-15) High school High school / he prep school (9-13) = R | Secondary / B | high school = 14 (comprehensive / | Upper school is ammar) (12-18) cis) iz | Sixth form (17-18) |Sixth form (17-18) bce 8 (16-17) From: Cambridge Imernational Dictionary of English, CUP 1993. 1266. What Playschool (UK) Upper school (UK) Elementary school (US) the closest Hungarian equivalent of the following? @— Junior school (UK) _ Sixth form (UK) High school (US)lege of ent and co-eds) 2 school © Public school has different meanings. It isa fee-paying! private schoo! in Britain, but a state school in the US, At public schools like Eton or Harrow in Ei and both scademic standards? and tuition fees? are very high. © A school, in some ie. the Harvard Medical in the In Britain: “He wen S they say. “He w Public examinations School-leaving / f ide what subjects to study for A level. \ level (UK) ~ An exam in a school subj Sar (US) SAT(UK) of the National Curriculum. GPA (US) — Grade Point Ave ses. is a university o college: medical school* hool). business school (e.g. the iduate school” (where a student is studying for a second or third degree (0 school at Harvard t to college at Oxford.” London Business School), ral exam, university entrance exam, language exam. GCSE (UK) ~ General Certificate of Secondary Education, ceive at 16, It is based on their coursework. When they ha A certificate students fe their marks, they can t taken at 18, after sixth form, In Britain you need at least three A levels to Scholastic Aptitude Test. A test required for entry into college in the US. ~ Standard Assessment Task. Tests British children take at 7, 1 and 14 as part High school students get grades in all their subjects, and their GPA is an average of those marks. The highest GPA is 4.0, Tips for taking exams RIGHT BEFORE THE EXAM % Get a good night's sleep. Having a clear head is invaluable. Eat something sensible. Don’t go hungry or get too crazy on caffeine. Gather your supplies. Pen, paper, calculator, slide rule. Arrive early. Get a good seat, Get comfortable: 4 Manage your anxiety. Some anxiety is natural and helpful. It sharpens your senses. Yet do try to stay calm. Remember that the exam is only one part of the learning process. THE MOMENT OF TRUTH Read the directions thoroughly. Sounds obvious, but itis key. Is there a time limit? Will some questions count more than others? Relax, Take a deep breath, Take relaxing breaths at the start and con- tinue breathing calmly. Skim through the entire test before you begin. Examine the structure. Adapted from: hitp:/!www. jackson army mil/EdCenterlexamips Jim Count the pages. Think about how you should divide your time. If the iest includes different types of ques- tions (such as multiple choice and essay), begin with the type you do best on. Budget your time. Answer what you do know first, Leave more time for parts that require more effort. Plan some time at the end to review. When you get stuck, identify the problem and move on. If time is left Over at the end, return to the parts you skipped. Concentrate, Don’t daydream. Do the test at your own pace —don’t worry about who is first. 4 Ask for clarification. Make sure yi understand what each question asking. When you are confused, ask for help. Most instructors try to clarify a question if they can. % Prooftead your work. Under pres- sure it's easy to misspell, miscal- culate, and make errors. Find the words in the text that mean the following: x the state of being nervous what you should do if you are nervous to get the main points of a text » very precious * loss of concentration * the opposite of “nervous” to go to a later section without doing the one that would be next a test question where four o five possible answers are given to make mistakes in your mathematics to check your work for mistakes * andjas,fizet6s tadominyos sent tandi ‘orvosi egyetem 5 musoddiplomas epegs 2 29EXERCISES Higher education us University 19 | University Biaede 20 | (3 or more years) Sealers years) MAIMSe de 1-2 years) [a University Graduate college PhD niversity From: Cambridge International Dictionary of English, CUP 1995. 1267. University degrees! © The English equivalent of the Hungarian “diploma” is “degree” (not diploma!) An English diploma is worth less than a university or college di Bachelor's degree BA Bachelor of Arts BEd ~ Bachelor of Education BM / MB — Bachelor of Medicine BS ~ Bachelor of Science Master's degree MA ~ Master of Arts MSc ~ Master of Science Doctorate PhD — Doctor of Philosophy A> Exercises ¢ short answers. What is the exam that British students take at the And Hungarians? 2. What does BSc stand for? What does it say about a person? 3. What does MA stand for? What does it say about a person? 4, What is an American student’s GPA? 5 6 ge of 18? What is the public document that tells teachers what to teach and how? What do you call ‘What do you study at Sunday school? 8. Give another word to describe “sloppy work”. 9, What does it mean that a student is expelled” 10, Where do schoolchildren have their meals? session if it is not mandatory? likel a G-year-old’s bag? &— @ Which items are not ver tobe map of the world, triangle, pocket calculator, scissors, eraser, paint, crayons, monolingual dictionary, class register, glue, paper clips © Name ten things that students need when they are learning a foreign languaEXERCISES © What is missing: study, studies or learning? @—* jf Self . __ to swim, _ to read and write _______ your table manners, religious . iver old books. _ something by heart, | difficulties. What is the difference between “studying a poem” and “learning a poem heel Who would study English words, and who would rather learn them? © Are the following sentences correct? If not, make the necessary changes, &—r |. Our English teacher is always sitting very hard tests for us. 5.1267. 2.1 passed a language exam last week, but I don’t know my results yet. 3. My son went to law school, and afterwards he started working as a legal trainee in a lawyer's offi oma!) 4, As a postgraduate student, Kate leamt phonetics, morphology, general and comparative linguistics. 5. “What did you do at school today’?” “We wrote a test from biology. © Doing well or doing badly? Do the following acti neutral? + Getting top grades in a subject. (D not from!) Failing a subject. (@ not from!) refer to good 1 3. Setting an exam, 4, Doing tests with flying colours. (@ not writing!) 5. Picking things up very quickly. 6. Re-sitting examinations. 7. Getting end-of-term reports. 8. Skipping lessons. 9. Copying other classmates” work. 10. Leaving school. 1, Doing project work in groups 12. Dropping out 13. Reading academic books. 14, Obtaining a grant. 15, Missing deadlines for assignments. lipsile, to repaint, fieynal questions you may ask: ‘What do you do? What do you do for a living? ‘What are you by profession? ‘What is your job / profession / line of work? + Where do you work? Who do you work for? Which company do you work for? Answers to questions about your occupation: D Always use a before your job. E.g. I am a lawyer. 1 would like to be ‘auniversty student. © You work for 2 company. E.g. I work for Tesco. ‘You work in an industry or in a sector. E.g. I work in the publishing industry, inthe banking sector. He is in IT, she is in advertising. ‘Work, jobs, occupations, professions, posts, positions', trades? | ais, beosatis Work is uncountable, job is countable. 2 szakma Occupation is used mainly on official forms. = rmeeet icone © A profession needs a high level of education, e.g. the teaching, the medical 4 yeactti bocezals ad the legal profession. 5 Veadrigazanté © Post and position are more formal words for an important job, e.g. post of © agyveeis igazgans BAibassador, a high military post 7 felgyes bitsig 1D A trade is a job that requires special training and working with your hands, — eg. builder, a carpenter by trade ota era "Kegs jutatisok B) THE WORLD OF WORK [ebédiegy place where you do your job Work place / place of work pany, firm, organisation, office, work room, workshop people you work with lover, employee, colleagues, workmates, a new member of staff force’, staff, a staff of 150, (immediate) boss, superior [su:'piario], 22 Seen Parte “supervisor, subordinate 2 esapatszellem in.an organisation, managerial posts* manager, chief executive officer (CEO)%, president, vice-president, “managing director®, head of department, deputy head of department, trustee (on a board of trustees’) ‘The money you earn ‘Pay, earnings, salary, wages*, bonus®, overtime pay", sick-pay, language allowance {slouans), family allowance upplementary / fringe benefits (in/m! ‘perks")", Sch voucher [vaut fa], free mobile phone, company car, free gym, holiday home Personal and moral benefits ‘Decent!®, valuable, well-paid, purposeful", dream, ideal, creative, innovative {iina'veitiv)', rewarding'®, quality, challenging work ‘ob satisfaction", job security's, professional development, in-service training ‘(on the job training), to be / to get promoted (promotion), motivation, intellectual challenge”, team spirit", friendship, co-operating colleagues, good working conditions, pleasant atmosphere »pair, mt 333 rugalmas monksig6 egy munkakét tind ‘ember it be todd maszakos unk 4 szabadise6 S tavmunka ° fizikai munka szellemi munka § tudominyos ° hidnyzis 4 munkamor * hinyavet 5 rossa mindset, silany whtsce Stusta 5 dolgoz6i panes glovarik nagy befektetést pinenyls nehee 2 muna mennyisége 2" fiatalkorak al 2 illegalisan, engedely kil vege munka a pénaébs runks keresé 2+ palyzik 2 megfeelenképzett 3 elboesit 2 eta fete vp 2% mepsorisok 3 nga mesy ° Kora nya THE WORLD OF WORK ) ‘The work hours ‘An 8-hour working day, a 40-hour working week Part-time, full-time job / work, flexitime work!. a nine-to-five job, To work nights, weekends, to have a permanent, temporary, regular job, job-sharing®, to do shift work’, to work / to do overtime, to work late, to work around the clock, to moonlight ‘The type of work you do To be self-employed (an entrepreneur), to work freelance / to freelance / to be a freelancer", a freelance photographer, journalist etc., to work from home* Manual / physical / blue-collar® work(er). skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled work(er). white-collar’ work(er) / professional work Domestic, community, social, administrative, office, managerial (maeni dsiorial] commercial, agricultural, research, scientific, academic’, men’s, women’s work VERS ERT arms Problems at work absenteeism’, lateness, high tumover of staff", For the employe low staff morale", low productivity. poor, careless. sloppy", shoddy" work, ‘no team spirit, no loyalty'* to the company, work-shy"® employees, a worker's complaint", holding a going on strike For the employees: low / poor pay, low job satisfaction, monotonous repetitive [ri'petitiv}, mechanical, hard, demanding", difficult, stressfu tough” or boring, dirty work, heavy workload™, illegal [i'lizgal] employment, underage employment:', moonlighting” Words related to work in general To make a living®., to make ends meet to be employed, to go out to work To g0 10, t0 start, to finish, to do, to co-ordinate work, to be at work, to be off work || to be on leave, to give up work /a job 4 4, to be the breadwinner in the family, Words related to finding / getting a job To be a job seeker’, to look for information about job vacancies ['veikansiz], to read job advertisements, to go to a job centre To find / to take / to have a job / work, to apply for a job’ (application), to go for a job-interview, to be qualified for a job” (qualification), to be the right person for the job, to be taken on / hired, to fill a vacancy Words related to losing a job To be dismissed (dismissal), to be thrown out. to be sacked or fired, to get the sack” (infml), to be mace redundant / or to be laid off®, job cuts", to lose a job / work, to be out of work / to be unemployed, jobless, to retire’! (retirement), to take carly retirement®, to leave /'to quit a job Bi 2 Discussion Look at the above benefits and problems at work and analyse them. Who is responsible for them? Suggest ways of improving problematic situations and offering greater benefits to employees. What type of work will you be looking for? ‘What are the most important considerations for you in finding a job? TTSOME JOBS is itis impossible to give a full list, add the occupations relevant for yourself. ial / (office) clerk', receptionist, secretary, typist, assistant, office manager’, eeper / accountant", auditor’ obs in government and politics jcian, member of parliament / MP, minister, deputy minister*, lary of state, mayor’, local government representative’, diplomat, policy analyst, press secretary? al services 0, corporate lawyer", judge, prosecutor" juryman ['dsuerimen]", Hegal adviser'*, notary public {‘noutari‘pablik}!, private investigator, solicitor'®, ister”, customs officer's, immigration officer!” page (76 jobs in the media and arts, see also —> pages (BL), (84), 86), ‘88, (90) ing, at, For the service industry, <@® see also > pages 437, 144 (Information technology) % ase administrator, programmer, systems administrator™, systems analy: ebsite developer A work, de and business son”, warehouse manager, retailer*t, wholesaler ['houl,seita)*, importer, exporter, auctioneer {atka'nio}”. property developer™, a, estate agent™, business consultant®* 20 for chitecture and construction son lect, draughtsman ['dra:ftsmon]°" (or draughtsperson), land surveyor™, spector®, construction site manager , bricklayer, carpenter, roofer, electrician, plumber® [plama], painter, ,tiler, interior [in'tioria] designer”, landscape gardener Baker, butcher "but fa}, greengrocer, florist, shoemaker, watchmaker, tailor, hatter, esmaker, optician”, goldsmith, silversmith", hairdresser, beautician sport workers heavy truck, taxi, tram, van driver, driving instructor, courier", gomotive engineer, train guard, railway shunter*, ticket collector, pilot, i igh aiendant*, flying instructor, airport maintenance ['meintanons] worker vations: in industry jon manager‘, foreman‘, quality controller”, mechanic, miner, , weaver, locksmith, blacksmith, cooper®, carpenter™, rade union representative, shop steward ersonal assistant (PA), personnel [® parsa'nel] / human resources (HR) manager’, ¥ hivatalnok, gyinté2s 2 irodavezets 3 seemélyzeti vere ‘Skenyvelo Skenyeizsgi6 miniszaerelyenes 7 polgsrmester * Bnkormanyzat Mpvisel6 A saieszovivs 1 joptse 1 lala jogész 2 hayese ano 4 jogtansesos 'SKozjegyzs "© dgyved (nem kép- ‘sci Ggyfelet _ bitosgon) 7 Gayved (a birésigon képvisetugyfeie) 8 varntisz ° evra ts 2% rondszerszervez6 2 gukeis veaets » 2 ingatlanfsjlesa6 2 ingatlanigyndk 3 toto tandesadé 3% maszaki rajzol6 3 Faldméns 3 pitésvezess e 2 gzobafest6 taps 3 pelsepnse 3 Kentervezs >» latszontsr aoe 41 kde, fue #2 vatskezels * legikisens 4 repel karbantars 9 termelésvezet6 +8 mivezet6 4 mindxégellense 8 mlszerész 2 Cosergilyos © srowémunkis 5! fakatos 3 kovées 5 + gos, asztlos 55 saakszervezeti sghtbvisl6 56 munkistandes Kepvineije3 Engineering ® An engineer is a person who designs machines, but is also someone who repairs them: e.g. a service / maintenance engineer. (Engineer is not always mérndk.) 1 epinsméndk ‘Types: electrical, mechanical, chemical, design, software, civil', roading, 3 anne, siructural, automotive, environmental, recording / sound engineer’ 4 gabonatermes6 3s Mjeplesr Agriculture, horticulture, forestry and fishing $ foldajindos Dairy {'deari], pig, poultry, crop farmer', fruit, vegetable, flower grower, = fruit picker, landscape architect®, forester, fisherman 2 régesr 0 Gropoldgus 3 tomas neem * Describe the scene in the picture. Is this an office you would like to work in? Why? ® Do you think the man in the middle is a very 00d boss? Why? Teenage boy: “I saw your ad in the paper this morning for someone to retail imported canaries.” Bird-shop owner: “Yes, are you looking for job?” Teenage boy: “I'm not sure. I'm mostly curious to know how the canaries lost their tails.” Science, research and scholarship Mathematician, physicist ['fizisist], statistician, (micro / molecular) biologist, (biochemist, geographer*, geologist (dsi'olodsist], botanist, ecologist’, ‘oceanographer, volcanologist, astronomer’, weather forecaster / weatherman / meteorologist, historian, literary critic, archaeologist [a:ki'oladgist), sociologist, | philosopher, psychologist [sai’kalod3ist), anthropologist”, ethnographer" Jobs related to languages il Interpreter'”, linguist, translator, language teacher, speech therapist'> = 36. (LTso looking up,” said the astronomer. ” said the author. “Mine is just sew-sew,” said the tailor. “Mine is growin “Mine is pretty light,” “Mine is clean,” ” said the farmer. id the elect id the laundry man. “Mine is all male,” said the mailman. “Mine is good and bad,” s said the baker. “Mine rol id the weatherman, ‘What is the double meaning of each worker's statement? Top 10 Jobs in Canada Today bright. But did you know that teachers, nurses and pharmacists are also in demand? 1. In-Home Nurse 2. Nurse Practitioner 3. Programme Analyst 4. Physician and Surgeon 5. Teacher, Special Education ty the growth in these areas? Quite mply, Canada’s population is aging. AAs people get older, they will require re health care services. ‘These are the 10 highest growth careers through the year 2010: 6, Pharmacist 7. Psychiatrist 8. Radiology Technician 9, Registered Nurse 10, Physiotherapist sionals in the sectors that interest you, and plan your education options. well. With a bit of foresight and research, you'll be less likely to end up in a “dodo” job that’s going the way of the Dodo. Adapted from: huip:!iwwn:myschoot 01 comicareeritopten.asp the questions. * What is young people’s typical reaction to the question “What do you want to be Iwhen you grow up?” * What is a good line to go into? Why? Why is there going to be a need for more teachers and medical experts? “How many of the “top jobs” are medical services? * What are “dodo jobs”? What is a dodo? * How does the Canadian job scene compare to the Hungarian situation?cio APPLYING FOR A 108 D) APPLYING FOR A JOB Fill in the missing words. If you need hi \ Applying for a Job and Job Interviews = Resumes (CVs) and application forms: Resumes and application forms are two ways to (1) employers with written e nce of your qualifica- tions and skills. Generally, the same information should (2) ‘on both, but the way it is presented fers. One (3) prefers a resume, while another may require an (4) __. There are many ways of organising a resume. Depending on the Job, you should choose the format that best highlights your (5) ? training, and (6) Itmay be helpful to look for different examples. ‘When you fill out an application form, follow all instructions and make sure it is complete and correct. Never omit any requested information. > )- the list is at the end. Sr rome. Cover letters: A cover letter is sent with a resume or application form, as a way of introducing yourself to prospective employers. It should cap- ture the employer's attention, follow a business letter format, and should include the following information: * The name and address of the speci person to whom you (7) the letter. * The reason for your interest in the company or position. * Your main qualifications for the position, A request for an interview. * Your home and work phone numbers. Job Interview Tips smmcsmemuuencniansienisgieETacIne:: An interview gives you the opportunity to) ‘your qualifications to an employer, so it pays 0 be well prepared. The information here provides some helpful hints. Preparation: © Learn about the organisation. * Have a specific job or jobs in mind. © Review your qualifications for the job. © Prepare answers to general questions about yourself. *Q)______your resume. © Practice an interview with a friend or © Arrive before the scheduled time of your interview. ‘The Interview: (10) and answer ‘each question concisely. (1) _ promptly and ‘use good manners. © Leam the name of your interviewer and shake hands as you meet. * Be co-operative and enthusiastic. ‘ Ask questions about the position and the organisation. Thank the interviewer when you leave and, as a (12) relative. in writing. Adapted from: htip:Iwww:bls.g0v/0e0!0¢020046 h Words employer application form provide present. — review relay experience respond skills. appear — follow-up address20046 ham relax address, Curriculum Vitae Full name: Lajos Kis Date and place of birth: 25t March 1960, Nagyk izsa, Hungary Nationality Hungarian Marital status: Married with two sons: Janos (5) and Csaba (2) Address: 9 Kossuth Lajos utea Budapest Hungary H-1156 ‘Telephone number: (home) (36-1) 376-5328 + (mobile) 0670 57 Employment History (please list the most recent first) 1995 to present: Physicist Institution: Hungarian Institute of Standards and Measurement Position: Leader of quality control team 1992 t0 1995 Research fellow, working towards Ph.D. Institution Department of Solid State Ph Edtvds University Educational History (please list the most recent first) 1995 PhD in theoretical physics Dissertation Topic for PhD: Aluminium alloys in industry (Consultant: Dr. Istvn Fiizy) 1997 to 1992 EGtvds University (Budapest) Faculty of Theoretical Physi MSc. degree in research physics with high honours 1988 to 1992 Kolesey Ferene Secondary Grammar School. School-leaving examinations in Mathematics (5 ona scale of 5), Physics (5), Hungarian language and literature (4), History (4) and English (5) ages (indicate level in box) Fluent (1) Proficient (2) Beginner (3) Language: English Speaking ~1 writ Reading ~ 1 French Speaking - 3 Wri Reading 2 Russian Speaking ~3 wi Reading — ints / awards received: ‘May-June 1994: King’s College Cambridge (UK) Working on aluminium alloys with Professor Ken Riley 39)co 2 srraxine Read the questions below about evaluating a job offer. How do you tl choice? these aspects affect a job seeker’s 1. Is this the right organisation for me? 3. Does it make a differe 4. What is the nature of the job? 5. What opportunities do employers offer? 2. How will the size of the organisation affect you? the company is private or public? Now look at the answers given by employment experts. Find the answers to each of the above questions. &—* The former may be controlled by: “an individual or a family, and key jobs may be reserved for relatives and friends, The latter is controlled by a board of directors, and key jobs are usually open to anyone. Background information can help your decide whether itis a good place for you to work, Factors to consider include the organisation's activity, financial condition, age, size, and location, Stories about an organisation in magazines and newspapers Can also tell you a great deal about its successes, failures, and plans for the future, A good job offers you opportunities to Ieam new skills, increase your ceamings, and rise t0 positions of greater authority, responsibility, and prestige. Aserious company will have a training plan for you. ) Even if everything else about the ©) jobs is anrsetive, yo wil be onhappy if you dislike the day-to-day work. Determining in advance whether you will like the work may be difficult. However, the more you find out about the job before accepting or rejecting the offer, the more likely you are to make the right choice. You can gain work experience through part-time, temporary. or summer jobs, or through intern- ship or work-study programs while in school, all of which can lead to permanent job offers Large fms generally offer a greater variety of training programs and career paths, more managerial levels for advancement, and better employee benefits than small firms. Large employers may also hhave more advanced technologies. Jobs in small firms may offer broader authority and responsibility, a closer working relationship with top management, and a chance 1 clearly see your contribution to the success of the organisation, Adapted from: hutp://www:bls.govines Spotting the word: in the above text, find the words whose definitions are given, 1. Opposite of “success” 2. All the workers in a given country The opposite of “accept” something, The opposite of a -mporary” job. A company’s long-term scheme of offering qualifi 7. Training young students witl . The money you eam at work. (3 words) tions to ity employees in a company so that after graduation they should retum to work there.‘The work hours An 8-hour working day, a 40-hour working week { rugalmas munksids Part-time, full-time job / work, flexitime work', a nine-to-five job, egy munkakért bb Ty work nights, weekends, to have a permanent, temporary, regular job, scribe be job-sharing, to do shift work’, to work / to do overtime, to work late, — to work around the clock, to moonlight 4 ceabadsz6 5 tévmunka The type of work you do $ fiz unk To be self-employed (an entrepreneur), to work freelance / to freelance / x aes mm to be a freelancer’, a freelance photographer, journalist etc., to work from home* hidnyede Manual / physical / blue-collar work(er), skilled, semi-skilled, unskilled work(er), "0 maniacs work(er) / professional work 4 munkamort community, social, administrative, office, managerial [meeni a is hanyavel é commercial, agricultural, research, scientific, academic’, men’s, women’s work > sss mindséa Problems at work For the employer: absenteeism? lateness, high tumover of staff "6 dolgorsi panasz -_‘ow staff morale", low productivity, poor, careless, sloppy", shoddy"? work, "7 asa ‘no team spirit, no loyalty" to the company, work-shy'® employees, = a worker's complaint!®, holding a sit-in'’, going on strike 2 nehee For the employees: tow / poor pay, low job satisfaction, monotonous, = munis mennyisése repetitive [r'petitiv], mechanical, hard, demanding", difficult, stressful, tring, tough" or boring, dirty work, heavy workload illegal [f'lizgal] employment, mazisa y = 2 iilegdlfsan, engedély Underage employment’, moonlighting” nek vegeett jaHiesésnt8 minka Words related to work in general = — sel ‘To make a living”, to make ends meet™, to be the breadwinner in the family, soon to be employed, to go out to work 2 palydzik To go to, to start, to finish, to do, to co-ordinate work, to be at work, to be off work // 2 inegfelel6en képzent 10 be on leave, to give up work / a job 28 etboesit * istwimfelniveé Words related to finding / getting a job 20 oeenaccingaal To be a job seeker’, to look for information about job vacancies ['veikansiz], a area eee to read job advertisements, to go to a job centre ® Kora nyugiijazés To find / to take / to have a job / work, to apply for a job” (application), to go for a job-interview, to be qualified for a job” (qualification), to be the right person for the job, to be taken on / hired, to fill a vacancy ‘Words related to losing a job ‘To be dismissed (dismissal), to be thrown out, to be sacked or fired, to get the sack" (infil), to be made redundant / or to be laid off®, job cuts, to lose’a job / work, to be out of work / to be unemployed, jobless, to retire’ (retirement), to take early retirement’, to leave /to quit a job 8 pecan { Look at the above benefits and problems at work and analyse them. Who is responsible for them? Suggest ways of improving problematic situations and offering greater benefits to employees. ‘What type of work will you be looking for? Ria ac the nen equmant cancers1k > Exerc © Identify the jobs on the basis of their descriptions. &—* . Someone who helps the daily work of a managing director, Someone who works with wood, ¢.g. makes furniture and wooden structures. Someone who builds the walls of houses. |. Someone who tells us about the temperature over the coming days. . Someone who makes and sells cakes and other sweets. Someone who keeps track of a company’s incomes and expenses, Someone who studies the culture of different races and communities. Someone who sells valuable goods according to who offers the highest sum for them. 9. Someone who designs roads, bridges and canals. 10. Someone who gives help in furnishing your home or office. © Put the following jobs into the three categories. atiomey, surgeon, baker, waiter, biochemist, hatter, plumber, cleaner. HR manager, garbage collector, shop assistant fees ‘Trade [ Unskilled oF semi-skilled work © Identify three things that the following specialists do regularly Eg. Diplomat: A diplomat meets people, talks to politicians, and prepares reports. * Dairy farmer Real estate agent Private investigator * Forester Interpreter ‘© Decide if these statements about employees are more positive or more negative, Sr L. The receptionist is very sensitive. It’s hard to comment on her performance. 2 Our young lawyer is very ambitious. He wants to be promoted as soon as possible. 3. My mother’s cardiologist is truly dedicated to her profession. 4. Our solicitor is very sharp. 5. His time management is a bit irregular. 6. The headmaster is a bit of a perfectionist. For him everything has 7. We wish our office manager was slightly more independent. 8. Our director is a very down-to-earth man. to be right. © Fil in the missing words. + When I left school at eighteen I thought I would find a job within a couple of weeks. I look through the job (1) in the daily paper every day. but every company seems to want people with lots of (2) [have sent my (3)______to at least ten companies, but nobody has replied. I think I have filled in twenty (4) ___ forms. I went for an 6) last week. There were five other (6) so I wasn’t surprised that they (7) someone else. The managing ®) said he wanted someone with more work (9) __ This is a vicious circle: They want experienced people, but how can you obtain any experience if nobody ever (10) __ you when you are fresh out of school? 414 4 EATING, DRINKING AND MAKING MERRY to invite, to chat, to socialise, to have small talk, t0 toast, to lay the table, to drink to sy or sg, to taste, to snack, to nibble, to have a bite, to help yourself to sg, to pour, to spill a drink, to serve food, birthday party, reception, guests, food, dishes, grilled chicken, table-cloth, napkin, dessert plate, seafood, pork cl salad bowl, platter, tray, ham, bacon, sauss wine glass, water glass, hard-boiled exg, br cutlery spoon, fork), the silver, soft drink, spirits, a carton of orange juice, apples, pears, plums, melon, to be thirsty, to be tipsy, a bottle of wi figs, dates, to get drunk, to be hungry, a glass of champagne, cam, cake, gateau, to eat like a horse, Coke, plain water, ts [biskits], to be choosy / picky a2te, abite, vour, vod, (TALKING ABOUT FOOD AND DRINK IN GENERAL) A) TALKING ABOUT FOOD AND DRINK IN GENERAL A meal is an occasion when you eat food: ¢-g, breakfast, lunch, supper. course! is a part of a meal: e.g. a three-course meal. “Soup is the first course of our meal.” Aish is food cooked in a special way: e.g. a chicken dish, a pasta dish. Cuisine isa particular style of cooking: e.g. French cuisine, vegetarian cuisine. Diet has three meanings: |-the kind of food that someone eats every day (¢trend 2a limited type of food that one eats because of a health problem (diéta) or 5. in order to lose weight (kira. Eating, hunger and appetite You can eat well, sensibly?, healthily, properly. Hunger: You can be hungry, starving / famished?, as hungry as a wolf. “Tcould eat a horse.” Appetite: You can have a good / healthy / hearty appetite or a poor / small appetite ‘no appetite at all. You can lose, build up and satisfy your appetite. “Bon appetit.” “Enjoy your meal.” Verbs related to eating: to have a meal, to have a bite, to have a snack / to snack, to chew, to swallow [swolou] food, to gulp down food quickly’, to devour [di'vaua] food very fast’, to nibble’, to get some grub? (infil) Sounds you make when eating: to eat noisily / to munch food, to burp, tohiccup / hiccough [hikap]"", to slurp", your stomach rumbles"? Drinking and thirst You can drink sensibly or moderately (a social drinker), or heavily, excessively [ik’sesivli]” or drink like a fish Aheavy drinker, a problem drinker, an alcoholic, Thirst: You can be thirsty, dried out, dying for a drink, Verbs related to drinking: to take / have a drink, to sip" juice, to have a mo of coffee, to gulp down a whisky, to knock back a beer'® (infil), to booze!” (aboozer, infil) Food Good food Fine, tasty, well-prepared, wonderful. delicious [dilifas]"* ‘one’s favourite and yummy"? (infind), “Yur!” Special food Exotic, gourmet [guamei”. vegetarian, international cuisine [kwi’ eiic cooking (Greek, Indian, Chinese) Simple food Basic, everyday. decent”, sufficient home cooking” Healthy food Nutritious [njat'rifs] / nourishing®*['norifin}, quality, freshly madk Tatuial, organic, wholesome**, diet, the right food Unheatthy food Rich in calories. high-calorie, fatty, fast and genetically modified (= GM) food, junk food?” Bad food Cheap, rotten**, disgusting, yucky / yukky® (infml) food; butter or milk is or has gone off®, meat is burnt, underdone of to4 bread is stale, a tin or chocolate is past its shelf-life’, “Yuck!” adequate ['wedikwit P' and reasonable food, - homemade, —_ "fogs 2 észerion 3 kighezet * gyoman bekapja wee 5 fetal, mohén esi S riges 2 halal § csimesog ° bia °° csuklik © seuresdl korog 8 tier '$ nagyive 'S giresBini "Sedat egy italt regbibatan 5 legends meafelels 2 hart honyha 2 taille % egearségesen le exesrséetlen (seemed rommlont vacak ® megsavanyodot Nedgos 3 Jefe szavatossigt pat a+ markiins {snd et) lag, zsenge furesa, nem j6 talsaly (sey a alae fife ropoads henyér 8 seme #4 gabonapehely 'S gabona magvak ( aT > Tastes Sugary, sweet, salty, savoury ['seivaril', sour, bitter. hot spicy’, ereamy, strong’, mild’, tasty, tasteless and unpleasant taste Food can taste good, fresh, horrible, funny, etc. If you like sweets you have a sweet tooth Weight ‘You can have excess weight [weit]’ /a weight problem / you may be overweight / obese [ou'bizs]*. You can watch / control your weight (a weightwatcher)’, lose or gain / put on weight Your weight goes up / increases or goes down / drops / decreases. Diets You can be / go on a slimming a salt-free diet ® See —> page 98 jet, a low-calorie diet, a low-fat, a low-carb or absolutely don't believe jt.™ Doing tothe Ps apap No woman could te fa, hy, what are you re ne ou reading? / Jokes | The newspaper It says any ist ost Wo thousand poaentishman Dad cls NE se Bajanced diet ot a bales His PY says that we become what we eat. Girl 0 the boy: "Ge something rich then, certainly Hav Sere food bill always ea ‘What meals do you regularly take? Do you miss any meals at ail? Are you a meat-eater? What do you think of vegetarians? Have you ever tried exotic food? How did you like it? Do the members of your family all prefer the same kinds of food? * How do you lay the table on a weekday and on Sunday? Do you know people with weight problems? Describe their problems and say how you think they could be helped. B) FOODSTL Bread and cereals 129 white, wholemeal bread, crispbread", ‘ cereals [sioriatz]", grains" oatmeal, cornflakes bread roll", croissant, biscui Fri © Fruit is normally an uncountable word. “There is a lot of fruit in the tart.” (Sok gytiméles van a tortiban.) You should have at least one piece of fresh fruit every day You only use fruits when you mean different types. “For this recipe you need summer fruitstrong’, weight / oon weight, akes ( FoopsTurFS yi Apple, pear [@ pea], plum, apricot (‘eipriket], peach, nectarine, grapes, Watermelon, musk melon, cherry, sour cherry, raspberry, strawberry, gooseberry black and red currant®, walnut, hazelnut’, peanut‘, coconut, almond [' Tropical fruit: orange, banana, lemon, grapefrui kiwicfruit, mango Most fruits have stones or pips’, a core’, juice, meat and peel (except for banana skin and orange, lemon and melon rind [raind]). angerine [tendo Characteristics Fresh, ripe’, juicy sweet, unripe / green, rotten, dried, exotic, tinned, candied" Vegetables ‘Tomato, sweet pepper, cucumber, radish'', onion, leek'?, garlic", green peas, green beans, carrot, celery'*, horse-radish', spinach, lettuce [letis], cabbage, savoy cabbage'®, cauliflower, broccoli, squash'”, zucchini, kohlrabi*, Brussels sprouts”, artichoke, aubergine ['subazizn?* / eggplant (US), ‘asparagus [2'speeragas}"', mushroom Characteristics: fresh, frozen, raw, crisp, seasonal Milk products — page 129 Meat products ® Seo page 129 Characteristics: raw, tender", lean’, uncooked, undercooked, tough [taf], f smoked, frozen Red meat is pork, beef or lamb, White meat is chicken, turkey and goose. Chicken meat may be chicken breast, drumst Steak is rare / underdone”’, medium, well-done". and liver. Fish and seafood Cap”, salmon ['seemanP”, cod, trout™, sardines, lobster, shrimps", crab’ Herbs and spices Salt, pepper, paprika, marjoram, caraway seed ['kwerowei 'sisd} parsley”, bay leat, dill”, rosemary®, thyme [taim}*", love (klouv}, cinnamon'® nger®, vanilla, nutmeg", Flavourings ['fleivorinz] stard, ketchup, mayonnaise [meia'neiz], Worcester sauce ['wusst2 Characteristics: hot, mi | 4 Speakr * You have three friends coming over for dinner. This is all you have in your fridge: ‘acarton of milk, plenty of cheese, ten eggs, a bag of potatoes, a little bit of sausage and a small portion of ham. What could you make out of these ingredients? * You also have a few nice apples and pears, which you could use for making some dessert. id, sweet, mixed - andinozont, krazovt ‘row 2 pénchagyma 'fokhagyma eller Wketkiposeta Pk arabe 2kefbimbs 2 padlizsin Ziering Spisaring Tangata 3 gaenélardk sey SekGiménymag © pouezslyern Shabérevél > Kapor “® rormaving 4 Kaku 2 pysimbse Sverecsni + srephszeg Sfahe}= C FOODSTUFFS Drinks page 129 Gréche (UK) / day-care center (US} tniversity, student hostel / dormitory ursery, kindergarten, school, college Me Hospital, clinic, dental clinic, veterinary clinic*®, GP's surgery chemist’s” / drugstore (US) -al establishments @ Sco» page 16 c Cinema, theatre, opera house, concert hall, disco, gambli amusement arcade", video shop, museum, gallery, library, archives [‘atkaiv2} cal and entertainment facilities casino,( LIVING IN THE COUNTRY Churches * sxtkesegyhsa Catholic, Protestant, Evangelical [iveen'dselikal] church, cathedral, abbey', ima synagogue ['sinagog], mosque [mosk], prayer house # cukréseda Catering facilities (keitarin f0'silitiz)> SNesytisats First class, takeaway, self-service, fast-food, seafood, vegetarian restaurany 4 mlemelts bar, coffechouse, café ['kaefei, ke'feil, pub, inn, confectioner’s, cake shop ® vadasher LB Seo —> page (52 atl Sports facilities Gym (= gymnasium), sports hall, swimming pool, sports field, fitness chy ® See —> pages 93) - 94 Service facilities Car repair shop, hairdresser’s, drycleaner’s’, public toilet, petrol station, multi-storey® car park ® See —> page 144 Public transport Bus and tram stop, train, metro and railway station, airport, taxi ® See —> page 01 rank Green areas Park, city park, playground, deer park®, 200 AB Seo > page 13 “22 SPEAKING What would you prefer: living in a large city, a small town, in a vl a lonely farm? For you, what are the advantages and disadvantages of each way of life? If you had the chance to make your city, town or village a better ptt what are some of the things you would change? | B) LIVING IN THE COUN’ Y For and against rural life Positive characteristics of country-life Peace, calm, clean air, unspoilt nature, safety, growing your own fruit andy cheaper life, friendly people, closer families, stronger communities, noc Negative features of city-life (On the other hand, the country offers fewer challenges, worse employment opportunities, lower wages and a high rate of unemployment. There are n0 working hours in agriculture, There are fewer cultural, medical and educa facilities, ‘Types of landscapes Flat, rolling, hilly, mountainous, green, wooded Wild, unspoilt, peaceful, picturesque, spectacular countryside Breathtaking, fine, lovely, superb view / panorama / sight / sceneryElements of the countryside Meadow [‘medoul], grassland, com or wheat field, haystack, vineyard ['vinjad]! orchard [2:tfad]?, tree nursery, woods, clearing, footpath, (dirt) track, pastur Disused® water mill, windmill, old ruins, mine, quarry [kwori River, river bank / riverside / river embankment", ferry, footbridge, spring stream", brook'', canal", lock", dam", water we Seitlement, village, farm, cottage, fence, hedge, electricity line, telephone cabl pylon ('pailon}", gas pipeline, signpost!*, milestone ium, Ona farm Farm buildings Farmer's cottage, st shed, pigsty [‘pigstai), beehive, dog kenn ¢ sailouf machinery / tool shed, greenh Horse, sheep (pl. sheep), lamb, cattle (@ no plurall), cow, calf (pl. calves ax (pl. oxen), pig, piglet, rabbit, goat, bee, house cat, watchdog Pats Lapdog, pussy cat”, kitten, guinea pig ['gini pig), goldfish, canary Poultry ( no plu Chicken, hen, cock, chick, goose (pl. geese), duck, tur Ant, ladybird ®, butterfly, snail, frog, lizard, blackbird", crow (krou} pigeon, sparrow, stork Pests n Insect, worm [wa:m]*, fly, mosquito, moth’, bug”, spider, cockroack mouse (pl. mice Crops Poiato, sunflower, grain 1°, maize /com (US), rye**, oats" (D always plural), turley®, lucerne Flowers Rose, tulip, snowdrop*, violet [vaialit], geranium [d3a'reiniomié dandelion [‘deendilaion}®, daffodil”, lily, irs [airis), dablia, poppy*, da histle®, net flower has a leaf (pl. bud, blossom, stem®, root, seeds*, pollen and twig and berries 59apa kasza gereblye firész Stoesol6 permete6 tary mets2Soll6 talicska 0 fGayis M madirieserS 'Sgsregereblyéx Maher "5 gyomal apa nvényvéd5 s birt nyse LIVING IN THE COUNTRY Tools Spade!, hoe?, scythe [sa10}, raket, fork, hammer, saw’, sprinkler’, spray shears*, wheelbarrow®, lawnmower [loin, mous], scarecrow ['skeakroul gricultural work To grow vegetables and fruit, to dig! the ground / a hole, to rake" together dl to plant" seeds, to weed', to plough [plau)'*, to hoe’?, to sprinkle / to spi insecticides [in'sektisaidz|"* and pesticides ['pestisaidz]", to fertlize™! (fertilization), to spray fruit trees, to irrigate ion), to collect grape to harvest” (a harvest), to pick fruit, to compost plants To breed animals, to feed animals, to milk cows, to shear sheep to slaughter ['slo:ta}* pigs (pig slaughter), to collect manure [mo'njua)™ ®D speaxine Describe the two pictures. In your experience, are they typical of a Hungarian village today? Deseribe in detail a village you have recently been to. How would a photo taken on a farm in the US be different? [ The teona 4 j the vita fs tring { Two farm teenagers were compari fi I'm pretty proud,” said one boy. “I made | | « scarecrow so natural that it frightened / | every crow right off our land. n | jel ingatlanad lett, kavcis "alaksor padlés a S dupla Gvegezés6 ablak ablakpsckany 106 szekrénysor sacha, ezecaukald Kanda andallpkdny 63Ligh Spotlight, standard lamp! with a lampshade?, fluorescent [flus'resant], light chandelier [feenda'lio}, light bulb Tablecloth {teibalklo@), embroide Television set, radio, cassette recorder, music CD-pla video recorder, DVD player, headphone, stereo speaker Ceramics [si'raemiks}, ashtray statuette’, pictures and photos in frames. hand-crafted items, knick-knacks*, collectibles, candlestic The bedroom Single or double bed, bunk bed, diva ame, dressing table, mirrc bedside cabinet, bedside / reading lamp, wardrobe [wo:droub] chest-of-drawers ['tfestav'drozz]"", wall-hanging®, alarm ¢ Beddin Mattress, sheet, pillow, pillowcase'%, eiderdown [‘aidadaun]", duvet [‘du:vei The kitche Dining / kitchen table, kitchen drawer, dish rack"®, revolvin, pans", pressure c frying pan, kettle, baking tin Wooden spoon, can opener, corkscrew, chopping board”, grat coffee maker, egg timer, kitchen scales", table maf™, baking tray Fridge (= refrigerator), deep freezer, electric or gas cooker cooker hooe®, dishwasher, washing machine, microw Hand mixer, blender”, electric ketth c knife, toaster electric grinder [grainda} rie iron oning boar Children’s room plastic figures, building / Le dolls, doll’s house, toy sold teddy bear, fluffy toys", marbles", hoo >, skipping rop( HOUSEWORK AND CLEANING ao Other items in the ¢ Push-chair!, bottl ldren's room nappy / diaper (US)* y @> For clothes see > page 126 The bathroom Skevers esap Bath, wash basin, mirror, toilet / lavatory, toilet flush’, water boiler, mixer tap / doce fancet (US), medicine cabinet’, shower cubicle * rot ery" towel, towel ral, bath mat", shower curtain, wal ile, toilet roll / paper oro wile brush firdézcbas Oye edenytor 20 fehéct6, hypo 2elrender elromlot nem miki 2 soraxave Describe the layout of this house, What is missing from it? How many people is the house ideal for? Why? How do you like the way it is furnished? How would you furnish your own house? Describe your own room, your living room, the kitchen and the bathroom. Ifyou could change a few things in your home, what would they be? D) HOUSEWORK AND CLEANING Cleaning toots Vacuum cleaner / hoover (US), floor mop!', floor cloth", broom", dustpan'*, brush, bucket, ladder'®, duster'®, sponge [sponds}"”, tea towel! Cleaning substances / detergents {di'ta:dgant]” Washing powder, washing up liquid, soap, bleach’ General household chores {tf2:2] Toair the rooms, to tidy up, to hoover / to vacuum carpets and rugs, to polish the parquet or floorboards, to clean/polish the windows, to dust the furniture to wipe off stains and dust, to make the beds*", to put away things, to sort out clothes, documents, invoi g-clean™, to iron clothes, to clean / shine / polish shoes, to fix / repair broken” items and equipment out ofoorder®, 10 mend* old clothes, to sew [@ sou] on missing buttons to do the spring cleaning / to spri 65What you do in the kitchen terilge To do the cooking, to lay the table, to cle: felseper, sep ‘0 sweep? and mop’ the floor, to empty the waste bin the table, to wash up and to dry! dishes, A®> or cooking see —> page 48 What you do in the bathroom To do the washing, to soak! soiled clothes, to bleach® white pieces, to take out ink ¢ stains®, to load and unload the washing machine, to hang out the washing the bath and the sink lean the house today | Mary Lou: “OF cource 4 to, eT did My Is your house warm’ Tt ought to be. The pair coals last week Everyday problems around the house ~ The roof or a water pipe is leaking, The attic and a room are flooded. When a light bulb is gone, it needs to be replaced. $ There is no electricity, as there is a power-cut. The washing The wallpaper has come off, so we ne chine (TV etc.) has broken down / is not working. d to change it The oil paint is peeling off, so the doors need a new c The mirror is broken or cracked”, The toilet is blocked, i, satis at of paint ° ® sreaxinc a Where are we Deseribe the place What are the p in the picture doing What are some of the things that will Is this scene familiar to you? List the most important jobs around the house Do you share the housework in your family’ Who does How often do yd help with the house work? 66E) HOMELESSNESS ad Red’s story. Describe the stages of his life, outlini the process. THE WORKING HIDDEN HOMELESS d was working when thin, to The W Vomeless put hit ong. He first lo hen in a week to recover an ousing, then started drinkin, keep the wound di thing he wa of, but he The W Hidden H peop found he could eh temp just like you, only without housing, do work to live in a hotel. Ther f things like that — helping peop saned drying up. He moved into a — they see are worse off than them. Most homeless camp. Asleep one night, near of the W Hidden Hi nis hand hai ithe same job every day and live ou twas it! Whack! of their car. No one, ust t he train their church or family, k hey ar and missing homeles: cent. bach kin fingers. Homeles ood wher work. And wit out helping each other, and they got the first money he earned, he bough him to a hospital where they stitched up food tc other homeless peopl be open wound people he, himself, would never 1d SPEAKING How typical do you think this life-story i What does the US organization the W Hidden H lo for home What are the things that they cannot do for homeless pec Do you know of any similar stories in Hun; EXERCISES O Give short definitions of two or three words. 1. What do you get from a building society? What would you find in the archives What would you expect to find in « hive? 4. Where is t in the hou 5. Where is the cella What ar ed for What do you use to weigh the in for your cake 8, When do you have to use the extinguish( EXERCISES © Find the odd word out. Explain how it is different, 8 1. Dandelion, daisy, violet, lly, lioness 2. Maple, stable, birch, oak, pine Rake, spade, hammer, villa, wheelbarrow Deposit, rent, mor bill, repairs 5. Corridor, balcony, elevator, terrace, patio © Asa young home-owner, what are the five most important pieces you would first get? 1. For your bedroom 2. For your living room Kitchen utensils 3, 4. Electric appliances __ For looking after the garden A dialogue. Fill in the missing questions. Hello, good morning. I'm ringing up about the room you have advertised Yes, you are lucky as itis still available for one person. Certainly, | will tell you everything about the flat. It has an excellent location. It is actually in the heart of the city It is quite spacious, about 15 square metres. Oh, yes it is, The furniture is not new but is in good shape. There will be yourself and two other university students in the other two 10 You will have to pay 15 thousand a month plus utilities. Well, not tonight, but tomorrow after work, Does that suit you? In that case, please give me a ring when you arrive and I will let you in, t the missing words at the bottom into the right slot. How good are you at washing up? How to wash dishes (the right way!) Step 1 ____alll the dishes from the table and check the other in the house where you might snack or drink = the dishes into the bin and rinse if desired both of the sinks out with a cleanser. cone sink with warm soapy water ~ using yourfi dish soap.C EXERCISES Step 5: Wash the dishes in the following order: glasses and cups silverwa e, serving and cooking utensils plates bowls pans (such as glass pans) pots Step 6: the dishes in sunning water and dry them in a dish rack or hand dy. Hint: if you rinse your glasses in vinegar and then again in water, they will ! Step the dining room and kitchen and chairs. ‘irbs to fill in the gaps: Ta ae flee Tape Gee Gpeeow Seas) father (aca 5co) ( PARTS OF THE BODY AND INIURIES A) PARTS OF THE BODY AND INJURTES Nerbs related to the various parts of the body Head To nod, to shake, to turn, to hang? btogat logat Eyes To look (at sg), to smile (at sg), to g (at sg), to wink! (at sg), to Ipwatch, to notice / spor®, to fix?, to cry with tears, to catch sight of sg 5 boul Mouth and lips let To eat, to swallow [swolouf', to speak. to talk, to sing, to shout, to cry, to whisper, {bimel tokiss, to yawn®, to hum’, to mumble", to mutter leagel Teeth diol, dudoriszik Tobite", to chew, to chatter (with cold), to fall out, are lost (to lose) and pulled out orm, Ot (io pull out) rap, leharap agliszik Tongue Totaste, to lick", to suck Nose and nostrils Ihirea x2 ort To breathe [brizd], to smell, to sniff", you blow'® and turn up your nose Ears To close / to shut, to hear, to listen (to sg), to overhear'®, you are all ears', to ring Shoulders You shrug?! your shoulders ‘ Hands negolel To hold, to grasp”, to take, to give, 10 shake, to clap®, to hit, to beat, to stroke” tohug Fingers and nails Mo point (at sg), to scratch?®, to scrape: Legs ‘ossiep, to walk, to stroll, to march, to rush, to run, to tiptoe”, to jump, to leap’ fohop", to dance, to kick, are straightened [streitnd] Kaces Tobend!, to kneel", you go down on your knees Muscles You pull, stretch’, strengthen, tone up your muscles nyag Internal organs # szaporod, Heart, intestines [in'testinz]®, pancreas, womb [wu:ml‘!, lungs, kidneys", —. nemasszervek blade: #, stomach, liver, spleen’, colon [‘kaulon} The body is made up of cells and tissues. , reproductive organs Blood circulation * yer hajszlerek Blood vessels": veins, arteries, and capillaries Nervous system Bain, nerves, spinal cord ['spainal 'ko:d] Immune system Lymph [limf]$!, white blood cells, bone marrow*?PARTS OF THE BODY AND INJURIES Typical injuries ('indgariz] sebesités,séraiés Hurting / injuring oneself or any part of the body (= an injury") 2ores Breaking / fracturing a bone, an arm, a leg, a finger, a rib, the skull (= a fracture?) dagadt Cutting a finger, a thumb (= a cut) no Twisting / spraining a knee, an ankle (= a sprain) > a swollen [swoulonP ankle heart Burning a hand (= first, second or third degree burn) chests Bruising your skin, knee, elbow (=a bruise (bru:z}*) S harap, csp Getting a scar’ on the skin peru Skinning your knee Dislocating® your shoulder Getting wounded in a fight (= a wound [wu:nd] a mosquito or an insect (= a bite") taps Getting sunstroke? — fainting / losing consciousness ['kon fasnas] (= a blackout) mestend © When these are serious, we usually say they are bad or severe. The opposite epee is slight or minor. E.g. a bad bruise, a minor injury and a slightly swollen knee. anések © Very often the causative form to have something done is used for expressing that you ate injured in an accident. E.g. “I had my leg broken, He had his wrist sprained Giving first aid First aid kit, a bandage [*baendid]", a plaster", sterile gauze [g2t2]! adhesive plaster (sed hissiv ‘pla:sta], a stretcher'®, ambulance, mouth-to-mouth resuscitation (r'sasiteijn} You clean the bruise, dress!” the wound, put stitches" into the cut and stop the bleeding a SPEAKING Describe the scene in the picture. What do you think may have happened before the patien What advice do you think the man will be given? Have you ever had a sprained ankle? How did you try to stop the pain? Describe an injury you have recently had, What type of first aid did you getILLNESSES ANI ( SYMPTOMS Here are some figurative uses of certain parts of the body. Can you match them with their meaning? 8—r [Weill just play it by ear a) You paid a lot of money For it 2.Come on. You're pulling my leg. | b) He is always busy doing lots of things. 3, They can hardly Keep body and soul | c) You are finding it rather annoying. together. jeart about <) Tcan't take you vel 4, We had a heart-to- seriously now. | the future, | 5. They have a skeleton in the cupboard. | ¢) Life is very expensive. | 6. The new car cost an arm and a | A) Twas seriously discussed. 7. It just went in one ear and out They are hiding something from the oth the world. 8, He has a finger in every pie. ‘h) We don't need much planning in advance. 9. Shopping is a real pain in the neck. | i) It was no use saying it. 10, Kate is the apple of our eye. j) We are full of love and pride. ] Bl SES AND SYMPTOMS NE! The most common diseases and illnesses © A disease is usually a more serious condition than an illness © Do not use the adjective il before a noun. (—> sick) Wrong: an if! man, Right: a sick man, Synonyms: problem, complaint', condition, ailment? Common illnesses Having a (common) cold, flu, a sore throat, a virus / viral ['vairal]’, infection, an upset stomach, food poisoning, a sunstroke, hay fever Serious conditions “itis (aitis} at the end of words means an inflammation of the org tonslltis [tonsi'laitis]*, neuritis [nju'raitis)*, arthritis [a:‘Oraitis)’ hepatitis {hepotaitis, appendicitis [2ependi'saitis] Heart disease, heart attack, high blood pressure, a stroke®, diabetes [daia'bistis}"”, cancer, leukaemia [lu:'kizmia]'!, pneumonia [nju'mounia], asthma, allergy, Lyme disease, stomach ulcer'?, AIDS, mental illness and psychosomatic [baikaso'maetik] illness!* Childhood diseases Mumps, measles'*, chicken pox", whooping cough (hu:pinkof]', scarlet fever Symptoms Aches and pains ‘Tohave a headache, stomachache, a back chest, to be in pain / agony'”, your left kidney hurts, you have sore" eyes, pins and needles"? in your legs or arms / they have gone to sleep, your body, neck, ‘he, toothache, a pain in your stomach or back is stiff o> * svénanétha 3 mandul idegeyulladés izilet gyullads, 8 mnijeyullad Ocukorbetegsce ekely Seki tnyezk okozta test ajok anya "Sparing hints "seamarkohoges "kn gybtrelem Fi, viszkews Pelzsibbadt B* edugult ads + melikasifjdalom Srendetlen szivverés viseketés "© fullad, elfogy a leveasie " nehézlégnts 2 yinals hay M emelygés 'Shasmenés " idegkimerilés * gimattansig 1 Seorongés ® pagyon feseult 2 vésres sovinysig 2% nomi betegsée B chivorik, elmegy % végrendclet 2 ore (ESSES AND SYMPTOMS Cold and flu Unna To have a (splitting) headache, a sore throat, a (bad) cough [kof], a blocked up! Toco or runny nose, a nosebleed, to sneeze, to run a temperature / to have a fever, (assar muscle pain? Peop! Heart disease and high blood pressure une "To be / to feel dizzy (dizziness), tired (tiredness), pale (paleness'), sleepy (sleepiness) MN To bu to suffer from chest pain® and an irregular pulse, to perspire / to sweat Ss th, Stroke To be paralysed (paralysis*) in one side of the body, to have speech problems, loss of memory (= amnesia)” Allergy To have sore eyes, a runny nose, skin rashes / spots', itching” Mour tomb Asthma To run out of breath”, to have heavy breathing", wheezing lungs" (to wheeze [wirz]) Upset stomach and food poisoning To have stomachache, sickness, to vomit / to throw up", nausea [notzta]!*, diarrhoea (daia'ria}", heartburn'® Nervous problems To have a nervous breakdown", sleeping disorders, insomnia'*, nervousness, anxiety [an'zaiati]!, to be / to feel stressed out®, to suffer from depression, to lose sy’s appetite (loss of appetite), to lose weight (loss of weight), to go into, to be in and to get out of a coma ['koums], to suffer from anorexia’! or bulimia / to be anorexic, bulimic Phrases to say you are not well ~ I'm not feeling very well % [feel unwell / horrible / awful / terrible / rotten. I'm feeling rather run down. ~ I'm feeling under the weather. I'm feeling out of sorts. Phrases you say to sick people + Get well (soon). wish you a speedy recovery. + Take care. + Bless you. (When someone sneezes.) Prevention of serious medical problems Regular check-ups Mammography, self-testing of breasts for women, ECG and X-ray examinations, annual blood and urine tests and dental check-ups Injections | shots, jabs Inoculation®* against children’s di ases, influenza and tropical dis Safe sex and birth control for protection against venereal [vi'ntarial] / sexually transmitted diseases (STD) and unwanted pregnancy Death Natural deaths People die of a (fatal ["feital]) illness or old age. ‘More polite phrases: a person passes away” or loses their life. ‘An old or sick person makes a will, members of the family inherit (inheritance?) their property”.leepiness) Unnatural deaths To commit suicide / to take one’s own life, to be murdered, to {assassination e assassinated! People are killed in an accident, a fight or a war Funeral? To bury the dead (burial), to cremate the body (cremation*), to mou (mourning? In the cemetery® Mourners [maznaz]’, undertaker’, gravediggers?, priest, grave, gravestone", iomb (tu:m], tombstone", coffin Cancer prevention guidelines Healthy lifestyle habits hold the key to cancer prevention. Many people think that cancer is inevitable, but for many Iypes of cancer, that isn’t true, Between 65 and 85 percent of all ca prevented by healthy lifestyle changes. ncers can be Limit sun exposure. Ifyou enjoy basking in the sun’s warm glow, try it before 10 am. or after 4 pm. Be sure to apply sun screen 30 minutes before you go out and always wear a hat, Most people get half of their lifetime sun exposure b age 18, and only three blistering bums increase your cancer risk. Limit or avoid alcohol consumption. Alcohol consumption can lead to cane ofthe colon, breast, and liver, and when combined with smoking, alcohol greatly inoteases the risk of head and neck cancer. Avoid tobacco. You can quit! Instead of joining the cigar craze or holding onto the habit, try fo avoid tobacco altogether to prevent cancers of the lung, mouth, throat, lad. er, and pancreas, Smokin n. programs, combined with aids such as the nicotine patch or chewing gum, and tven certain tablets, make it easier to become a non-smoker a wreath [riz0] Eat five servings of fruit and veg bles daily. People who eat the most fruits and vegetables have a decreased risk of developing several types of cancer. It is easier than you may think to eat 5 servings of fruits and vegetables every day. Keep carrot and cucumber on the top shelf of the refrig to some low-fat yoghurt. A colourful bowl of apples, bananas on the kitchen counter ca double as an attractive decoration, a: well as making it easy to reach for a quick, healthy snack. ator, next oranges, pears and Annual screenings are recommended for all adults. Early detection provides the portunity for successful There is a wide ran; sere id early detection methods. in addition to healthy lifestyle programs. You can fight cancer before it starts, best op- treatment. f comprehensive Know your family’s history of cancer, ‘Some cancers tend to run in families, so knowing what disease to look for is a big plus. Si cancer screening exams are recom mended for all adults. Early detection an reveal cancer at its most treatable examinations and annual stage. Answer the questions For you, what is the most surprising piece of information in these guidelines? What are the risks of sunbathing? Is it absolutely dangerous if you want to keep hi hy What are the risks of drinking alcohol? Is it absolutely forbidden’ What are the risks of smoking What other advice are we given? ? Is it absolutely d: sok lemetke2és vllalkor ‘risk8 ‘sexe 2téplshozss _szkerber 3sailsens iro Bees kéehdeionzdly sziléseet Sintemay oszily " fecskends "3 kémes6, lombik petegllomanyba mesy ellenéri a beteg Slaporst 76 ( MEDICAL ASSISTANCE Y | D) MEDICAL ASSISTANCE Wh Toe Medical staft ore Doctor, general practitioner / GP, family doctor, surgeon ['sard3an], dentist, dietician [daio'tifon?, nurse, midwife’, physiotherapist [saiko'Gerapist}* doctor's assistant, receptionist, laboratory technician ialists ia'trifan] / children’s doctor, cardiologist / heart specialist, ‘kaiatrist], neurologist, gynaecologist [gaini’koladsist] / zl'moladsist] / eye doctor, rheumatologist Paediatrician [ psychiatrist [sa ‘women’s doctor, ophthalmologist [ofa [ru:metoladsist] © Don't feel you are expected to use medical jargon. In speaking, the English wor usually sound more natural Hospital departments and hospital wards [wo:dz] Surgery / doctor's office, casualty [kwe3uslti] / emergency room, waiting room, outpatients’ department, ward®, maternity ward’, kidney ward, X-ray unit, cardiac unit, intensive-care unit’, surgical unit, operating theatre", laboratory Frequently used medical instruments Needle, syringe [si'rinds}", stethoscope, ECG machine, heart monitor, drip", test tube", stretcher What the patient does To have / to suffer from an illness, to fal il, to go down with (flu), to make an appointment with a doctor, to visit the doctor, to take medicine, to take the specialist’s advice, t0 go on a diet, to go on sick-leave / to take days off sick’ to undergo surgery / to be operated on, to go for check-ups, to recover / to make a full recovery / to get over a disease / to get well, to get rid of an infection, to be up and running again", to get worse and to die of a disease What your doctor does Gives you an examination (= examines [@ [ig'zzemmn] the patient), a check-up”, aan eye-test, a heart-test, a blood-test, a urine test", an X-ray examination, a diagnosis [daiag'nousis] (= diagnoses your condition), medical advice, ats you"), a prescription (= prescribes a medicine), treatment (= cure (= cures you"), a clean bill of health Takes a look at your medical record, your tonsils, skin, etc Takes | checks your pulse, blood pressure, temperature, cholesterol level. Listens to your complaints, your heart, lungs, chest Gives you'an injection / vaccination against sg Refers® you to a specialist, a clinic, a hospital. Calls an‘ambulance Keeps your condition under control Phrases a doctor may say to you ~ What seems to be the matter with you? ~ Where exactly does it hurt? 4 How long have you had this problem? ~ Strip to the waist © Now take a deep breath. / Hold your breath, © Does it hurt when I press here? It’s nothing serious. $ I'll give you something for the pain. ~ Take the tablets (pills, capsules etc.) three mes a day after meals.C ) oc) What the dentist does Tocheck teeth, gum! and mouth, to fill teeth, to stop tooth decay? and cavities*, toremove plaques, to pull out bad teeth, to make bridges, crowns and dentures* Au, {Peni ie palishing oh u dont wn wu, itwil ake ust five mine, SY 2S soke (| Paten:"And how mc wil i cost Re | Demi: ts $90.00, Dentat “Lean exteath very slowly if you ike S miogor ogpéuss S aibiockum Ka hangulajavits poner hashajts 4 gpa "olészek \sallokése 24 SPEAKING * Describe the scene in the picture. * Describe what happened the last time you saw your family doctor. * What were your symptoms? * How did the doctor examine you? * What did he prescribe? * How long did it take you to recover? At the chemists: forms of medication Your doctor will prescribe you a medicine, (a course of) antibiotics [entibai'otiks}*, A painkiller, a series [siarisz] of injections, ear or eye drops, vitamin tablets, asleeping pill / tablet (= a sedative), an anti-depressant’, a tranquilliser [‘traenkwilaiza), contraceptive pill [kontra'septiv] / the pill’, (to be on the pill) laxative", raiotherapy [reidiou'Berapi], chemotherapy [,kizmou'Gerapi] Disabilities People with disabilities need: a walking stick, crutches", a wheelchair", People with hearing problems need a hearing aid" People with poor eyesight'* need glasses and contact lenses,o> etki gydgyités Seakerési kiegészitdk °ivonatok sgrtmények "Folyadékok eldsegiten kezi kezelés hatgerine kee ntkovdesolas svenvedélybete kabitészert s dohsayos ohanyos (aki 31 i a mésikr E) AL =RNATIVE MEDIC ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE Conventional! medical theory and practice in the West > non-western cultures (eg. Chinese and Indian me Mind-body interventions? Patient support groups, behavioral therapy [bi‘heivjaral ‘Gerapi}’, meditation, Dietary supplements* Vitamins, miner capsules, liquids’ Aromatherapy [a'rouma0erapil Essential oils ( well-being Manipulative methods!® Massag osteopathic treatment (+ chiropractor) Energy therapies Energy fields, biofield therapies Homeopathic medicine (—- homeopath F) ADDICTIONS Addicts" A drug-addict!”, a nicotine addict, Workaholics are addicted to work, chocaholics to chocolat Is?, herbs’, enzymes ['enzaimz] n alcoholic art, music and dance therapy extracts?, concentrates", tablets extracts or essences) from flowers, herbs and trees to promote! ‘miesa:3] (> masseur), manipulation, acupuncture (-» acupuncturist) (= osteopath [‘ostiap20)), chiropr tice ['kairapreektis}® houmiap20) » workaholic, chocaholic, shopai shopaholics to shog Drug addicts are addicted to marijuana, heroin or other drugs. Cigarette addicts are heavy smokers'* or chain smokers" One ha or an alcoholic a drink problem if one is a heavy drinker (not ju: a social drinker) Good news: What happens if you stop smoking Within 20 minutes: Your blood pres: sure, heart rate and the temperature your hands and feet normalize Within 8 hours: Oxygen and carbon dioxide levels in your blood normalize: In 1 day: Your likelihood of having « heart attack decreases 4 In 2 days: Your sense of smell and taste improves, nerve endings start to regrow: 2 weeks-3 months: Your circulation becomes better and breathing improves, becoming easier to walk © 1-9 months: Coughing, shoriness of breath and fatigue decrease and you have From the above text, find the 1. symptoms mentioned all the human organs listed suggest cardiac problems 3. nouns th # Lyea Your excess risk of h [ess than half what it Happy Birthday: rt disease i * ears: Your chances of canoe lung, mouth, throat and esophi half that of a pack-a-day smoker, © 10 years: Your risk of dying a cancer is similar 10 Pre-cancerous cells have b And at 15 years: You ar of heart disease chan if you bal smoked! Adapted from: hap:ltwww-commai Iup:itww:prnensi 4. the verbs that mean that some iting better 5. the nouns that refer to risks"EXERCISES ) * Why do you think people smoke, become alcoholics and abuse substances? * Isthere a way they can be helped to give up their addictions? * Who should be responsible for their treatment? *Do you think that chain smokers and heavy drinkers should pay for their own medical treatment if they develop lung, heart or liver problems? * Can you think of a positive story where someone managed to get rid of their problem? \4 EXERCISES 0 Give short answers When do you bite your nails? When do you cross your legs? * When do you nod your head? When do you clap your hands? * When do you shake hands? When do you blow your nose? @ Give three typical symptoms of the fo owing medical problems. A burnt hand Diabetes * Abroken bone Tonsillitis, Sun stroke © What specialist do people go to when 8 L.they have a toothache 2 they are expecting a baby 3.they have problems with their heart and blood circulation 4, because of an injury, they cannot move some parts oftheir body as well as before . when they have serious personal problems or suffer from depression. © What part or parts of your body are not functioning perfectly if you have the following con to 1. Appendicitis 5. Pneumonia 2. Indigestion 6. Anorexia 3. Leuk: 7. Itching 4, Cardiac arrest 8. Stroke © Aches and pains. What are the right collocations? @— A(l) in the chest a(4)__ in the neck tooth (2) a(S) ___ ful experience stomach (3) _ a) less operation O Sick, sickness, ill ilIness or disease? What are the right collocations? + L. After the party, T was so that I even threw up. 2, My friend is always air and sea when he travels, 3, Cardiovascular affects most elderly people. 4, My grandmother died at home after a long My boss was at home on leave, looking after his son.THE ARTS, READING AND THE MEDIA toch to take a curtain callILMS AND GOING TO THE CINEMA (= MOVIES) suse the definite the in these phrases “go to the cinema, the theatre, go to the opera” —> cinemagoer, filmgoer, movie goer (US)! ' morilitog are goer? 2 ainlitogas ma / movie theatre (US) and a show Seldzetes a, art cinema, a chain of cinemas Shinde / movie theater box office (US), foyer [foiei] /Iobby*, bar, fof seats, projection screen, projector [:mextinei] (in the afternoon), » seinkronizalt "0 fetiratos ening and late night show ‘angie * ae Jou g0 to the cinema, you first check the programme, decide onthe film, i seri jyou find out where it is on. 1S forg ticket by phone or online and buy it on the spot. seen dbz | jyou take your seat and wait for the first trailer / preview! or commercial® "ab 8 hangmérmdk _ kasckadée 2 probuajtéko tart i of film 2 Kios im, feature film*, Hollywood movie, action movie, horror film, detective film, a szerepeket film, adventure film, science-fiction film, children’s film, television film 3/834 j dubbed’, subtitled"? / a film with subtitles, black-and-white, X-rated, bola , independent film, film series svinkronizal filmetfeliratoz These words are used without the word “film”: documentary, comedy, tragedy, | cartoon, thriller, western, talkie!', words to talk about films jon (“There's a good film on at the local cinema.”), to come out / to open'* based on, to be directed by, to be shot'* pic's to present, to tell the story of, to deal with, to take place, to unfold ithe story unfolds...) to star (“The film stars Brad Pitt.”), to open, to end {an all-star cast), plot (=the main story), soundtrack, the credits (= the list of all ople involved in making a film, shown at the end of it) wolved in making films scriptwriter, film crew", director, assistants, cameraman, camera operator / i cameraman, director of photography, special effects designer, pi engineer's, costume designer, make-up artist, actor, actress, film star, extra man, woman'” the film crew does file the screenplay / script, to audition (o:'difan] actors and actresses™ the roles*', to rehearse {ri'ha:s] a part, to shoot, to direct, to make a film, d sound, to film on location®’ or in the studio, to cut / to edit the film™, the costumes, setting and special effects, to dub or to subtitle” a foreign fo release”, to show / to screen the film?*"fehajis seléd + fogadés 5 Takes OSCAR VETERAN’S GOLDEN MEMORIES, 93-year-old actress and double-Oscar winner Luise Rainer talks about her memories of the early Academy Awards Oscars have been transformed from a film industry event to one of the biggest shows on earth. This year’s extravaganza! will be very different from the events attended by the first leading star to win two Oscars, Luise Rainer, best actress in 1937 and 1938. The 93-year-old German-born star picked up her first award at the ninth ‘Academy Award ceremony. She says “no-one in Europe had ever heard of it” “I didn’t know what it was. The Academy Award didn’t mean anything tome.” Rainer became the first musical actress to win an Oscar for her role in The Great Ziegfeld, which was made when she was 26. Fresh from the European stage, she said she “wasn't the typical Hollywood beauty” and was never glamorous’, but she stood out as the French revue star in that procluction. Rainer remembers the 1937 and 1938 ceremonies as “less glamorous as itis now” Although she won in 1937, the following year she only just arrived in time at the ceremony because she did not even know it was taking place ‘The results were announced at 8pm on 10 March 1938, with Rainer named best actress for The Good Earth, but the ceremony started later at 11pm. She did not know about it until she telephoned hher maid on her way back fiom a function‘, “My maid was very, very excited and she said, ‘Do you know the newspapers are all calling — are you boycotting the Academy Award?” When Twent into the hall, we were justin time to get the Academy Award.” Sadly however, rather than helping her career, her double Oscar success meant that afterwards she was offered poor films that needed a star to give them a boost’, She grew so frustrated that one day she walked out on a contract, which effectively ended her acting career. She will go to Hollywood for this year’s anniversary, even though she finds today’s ceremonies “terribly long ‘and believes that “good films are unfor- tunately far and apart.” Nevertheless, she keeps up with current productions and wants Jack Nicholson to be vic- torious. Adapted from: htp:lInews.bbe.co.uk!2/hilentertainmenv/2845151.stm a Now answer these questions in your own words: How has the importance of Oscars changed over the past 70 year Who is Luise Rainer? Find as much information as you can in the article How did her career start? How did her acting career come to an end? What does she think of the films made today’?FILMS AND GOING TO THE CINEMA (= MOVIES) A QUIZ ON FILM DIRECTORS: ARE YOU A CINEMA BUFF'? &—» ilmet én & oret6 ember Read the brief description and try to guess who the directors may be. If you Zelnyomoi o not know, you may tum to the list at the bottom. Explain what helped you} ¥iathatatlan decide. eee Born in Rimini, Italy in 1920, and dying in Rome in 1993, valaminek he was the ‘maestro’ whose films analysed, celebrated and m megreAliottie immortalised post-war Italian life. 2. The Little Tramp: downtrodden? optimist. Director, Writer Actor, Producer, Composer, Political commentator International icon. 3,Polish director and documentarian of the human condition. guably® the best known European filmmaker of the 90s. 4,The patron saint of American cinema, Italian-American director, producer and screenwriter; cultural commentator sometime actor, one-time wannabe priest. 5, Cinema deity’. The Master of Suspense 6.The director who changed the way the world felt about Japanese cinema forever 7.Outstanding comic talent. Neurotic New Yorker. Bergman- fixated’, death-fixated, sex-fixated writer, director, actor comedian and clarinet player. Adapted from: hutp:liwww:channel4.comfilmireviewsife Names: Federico Fellini David Lynch _Krzystof Kieslowski Alfred Hitchcock (Martin Scorsese Akira Kurosawa Woody Allen Charlie Chaplin 2 soraxine Describe the scene in the picture. Have you seen the film? What did you think of it? How do you think Peter Jackson’ life changed after The Lord of the Rings?Zeldesarok Seldadster *zsollye Selssemeleti mdsodik emeleti paholysor paboly Srivaldaeny » sigslyuk Osrinfalak mgd hely " felvonisok Koz "2jgméts, réadés jehuro orives Kies amatr sins 'Stészerepi6 'Sheugr sring meghallgatis tart > f6proba 21 visszatapsol [0 THE THEATRE AND T EAN THORN) An anecdote Winston Churchill often dined with friends, such occasion, he asked Charlie Chaplin dignitaries and celebrities at Chartwell, what his next role would be. his beautiful country home in Kent. His wit “Jesus Christ,” Chaplin explained, Chur. ‘on such occasions was legendary. On one chill’s reply: “Have you cleared the rights? B) GOING TO THE THEATRE AND THE OPERA Parts of the theatre building Box office', foyer’, cloakroom, bar, restroom Auditorium’, row [roul, seat in the stalls, the dress circle’ and upper circle*, in a box Stage, orchestra pit, limelight* (to be in the limelight), curtain, prompter’s box’, backstage", dressing room Parts of a performance Acts (a one-act, three-act play), scenes [siznz], interval"! / intermission (US), nk What the audience do ‘To go to the opening night, to clap, to cheer, to give a standing ovation, to boo", to hiss'* ‘Types of theatre productions Comedy, tragedy, tragicomedy, melodrama, cabaret, one-man show, ballet [’bieleil, dance production, opera, operetta, musical, fringe theatre", amateur performance People involved in theatrical productions Theatre company / group, producer, playwright / author, director, cast, protagonist [prou'taegonist]', character, leading actor, actress / lead, extra / supporting actor!”, understudy"*, prompter, set designer, propertymen / props, assistant stage manager What actors and directors do To analyse the plot and the characters, to perform / to put on a play, to act / to appear in a play, to audition" for a part, to practise a part / a piece, to rehearse the production, to leam a role, to have a dress rehearsal”, then a first night / premiere, to bow, to take a curtain call?! Des (SE speaking Describe a film, play or musical performane Where did you see it? What is the title? What nationality is it? Who is it made / directed by? Where is the story set? * Who are the main actors and actresses? What did you think of the scenery and the costumes? © What did you like and dislike about the production? What do critics say about it? Has it received any awards or prizes?( MUSIC AND MUSICIANS MUSICIANS \) jin musical productions (opera, operetta, cabaret, musical, recital’) gposer, librettist’ (libretto), choreographer [kori'oarafa], song {s0'pra:nou}, baritone, alto, soloist, tenor, prima donna ‘girl, chorus line, dancer, ballet dancer / ballerina, kistra}, band te wake riter le would be, Chaplin explai te you cleared the, instruments and mu: ‘can always use the word “player” with instruments (e.g. clarinet or le player), but in some cases you can add -ist or -er to the name of the instrument pianist, drummer), 10 You always use the with instruments, “I pl /he piano.” “I have leamt the flut Srringed instruments! or iatond Violin [vaio'lin] (violinist), cello (cellist), guitar (guitarist), mandolin, harp* (harpist) peer’ box’, Woodwind instruments* Flute” (lautist), clarinet, bassoon’, oboe [‘oubou} Percussion instruments? pus) Piano (pianist), drum (drummer), cymbals ['simbolz}”, triangle!’ Bras insiruments" colo", French hom", trumpet" trombone 3n,t0 boo", Human voice Ikis in or out of tune", soft or loud. | Types of music musicians make " Classical, contemporary, modern, folk, country, jazz, pop, rock, ethnic, rap, fave, reggae, electronic, underground Vocal, choral, instrumental, orchestral'*, symphonic, chamber ['tfeimba] ‘allet [beelei), terformance Orchestral pieces ; Symphony in C major, D minor, concerto, suite (swist] ‘tymen / props, Vocal m Folk song, solo, duet, trio, aria, Christmas carol, chorus!® What all musicians need Music stand’, score’, notes, tuning fork ‘piece, INVA, [ she (at a concert): “What's that book the orchestra S Joke ( | conductor keeps looking at? 4 He: “That's the score. Vol She: “Oh really? Who's winning D spraxine * What types of music do you enjoy listening to? *Do you play a musical instrument yourself? * Do you go to classical, pop, rock or other conerts? If so, describe a concert you have recently been to. szétoest 2harmester 4 vonés hangszerek Shea S fafvs hangszerck fuvola Sfagott ° tds hangszerck "2 peefivos hangszerck 'Sfuralya, piccolo ue 5 trombita "harsona P hams "9 Krus, kus refign Kontaarts 2 kowta *hangiegyek‘aikep 2 mellsvobor Sfejetlen és ve nélkili sobor “fake Skiamas Sarverési hie allviny FINE ART D) FINE AR Yypes of art and artists Painti Statue / sculpture, bust®, torso? (sculptor) drawing, watercolour, landscape', still life, portrait (painter) Mosaic [mou zeiik], ceramics [si'raemiks] (ceramic artist) Photography (photographer), Where works of art are displayed apestry ['taepistri}! (textile artist) Exhibition’ (to exhibit lig'zibit)), museum, art gallery, auction ['2tkfan] house®, art fair Painters’ tools and materials Box of paints, oil paint, watercolour, brushes, easel*, palette, model Sculptors’ materials Block of stone, clay®, plaster ['pla:sta]!", wood, wax, meta Here are some figurative uses of cert. Can you mateh ti 1. My brother doesn’t want to be in he limelight The story of his success was music to my ears. My advice is just another old wives” tale. He told us a tall story about the ori gin of his fortune, His behaviour seems to be in tune with his character, ‘This match was our captain’s 7. He is as fit as a fiddle. bronze speakinc Describe the scene in the picture. How would you describe the atmosphere of the event? Why are such events important to artists? Have you ever been invited to a similar opening? jin words related to arts. m with their meaning? &—* ] a) There are no health problems. b)Ivis unbelievably cheap for its value. 6) It was very good to he @) There was a lot of drinking and shouting. @) Ibis not new, but seems to work ign of his shyness. g) It was the very last one, 8. They bought the house for a song. 1h) It was hard to believe. 9. They painted the town red on his birthd 10, He lives on the mar i) Lam not at all surprised at it j) He is not very successful in society.(READING BOOKS, NEWSPAPERS AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS) Young arts (draw te —> Coffee Means Sex? Parish, who specialized in painting No sooner had he poured the coffee than the syas naturally accustomed to having buzzer rang and Parrish jumped up in a ul young models visiting his studio. panic pming, when a model arrived early, “Young lady,” he cried, “for God's sake suggested they have a quick cup of take your clothes off! My wife's coming up before setting to work. to check on me! NEWSPAPERS AND R PUBLICATIONS jof books short story', love-story / romance, detective story / crime novel / nit ifn), thriller, science fiction, fantasy literature, legend, myth, fairy-tale Yerse, ballad, sonnet, ode, hymn, rhyme, nursery rhyme, jingle? \k, course book, workbook, grammar, handbook, anthology (zn'Goladsi)* literature, set book! ence books Selopaedia [insaiklo'pizdio}$, dictionary, bibliography, biography [bai'ogrofi}*, bum, guidebook, travel book, catalogue comic, cookery book, a leaflet / booklet on sg ( countable! e.g. “The complete works of Shakespeare”), publication’ (irst, Hungarian, revised), best seller, paperback, hardback, volume, series’ hand book, copy, issue {sof a book "©, book cover, spine'', title page, table of contents", blurb, gin", page numbers, footnote'®, appendix [a'pendiks}"®, acknowle book is produced author submits! the manuscript™, the editor edits” it (editing), jptoof-reader proof-reads* it (proof-reading), the censor censors® the text gorship), photos are taken, illustrations are selected, the designer designs the book. printers print the text (printing), the binders bind [baind] it® (book-binding), publishers publish (publication), distribute?’ (distribution, distributor) and ach [lointf}* it, and reprint it when it is out of print. " povella 2 rimel6 versike reklimvers Stexikon iadiny hori " tartalomjegyzek 2 "3 marg6, tapseét abjegyzet "fuggele " K@sa@neinyivinités M8 ygy- és tirgymutas beaydie 21 szetkesat ckiorl 2 pekox 2 piacra dob/ ! bulvirap negyedévenkénti _folysinat Studoményos folysirat fészerkesz Srudasit6 verércikk * Fécfmek °mavészet kita 1 aprohirdetesck "beirakorik a kiny var erste 13 Gjsdgos bide 4 annikvirium fell, fal "6 gafuja az djsigor §gugoria. ADING BOOKS, NEWSPAP IBLICATIONS)) ») Newspapers and magazines Tabloid / popular paper', broadsheet / quality paper, daily paper, local, national paper, today’s paper. Sunday paper Weekly, mothly magazine, quarterly, teen . r women’s, literary magazine, acade People involved in making a newspaper Editor-in-chief (chief editor), journalist [D ‘d5a:nalist], columnist ['kolamnist correspondent®, reporter, photographer Parts of a newspaps Front page, back page, editorial / leading article / leader”, article, headlines*, sections, foreign politics, home politics, art reviews®, financial section, business news, small ads", sports column, crosswords, readers’ letters Ways of getting what you read To join a public, school, university, specialist or lending library", to take out and to take back a book (from and to a library) to borrow from your friends, to subscribe'? to a newspaper, to use mail-order, to buy papers at a kiosk'? or rnews-stand, books in a bookshop or second-hand bookshop! or through the Internet What readers do To look up some information, a word, a date, to devour (di'vaua}'*a novel, to read a novel from cover to cover, to browse [brauz] through / look through the news / to skim through the titles / to flip through the pages", to scan'” for particular information, to take in the main points, to skip" the boring bits Ip £8 SPEAKING Describe the so in the picture Is this library similar to the ones that you know? For you, what are the most important characteristics of a good library? What do you think libraries are going to be like later in the 21% century? Describe your favourite reading. Do you prefer fiction or non-fiction? Have you got the time and interest to read a daily paper regularly? Do you know the name of the chief editor? Is it important for you? Are you a member of a library? What are the benefits for you of membership? Do you think libraries have changed since the introduction of information technology?TELEVISION AND RADIO ‘You watch and listen to prog of television mes on TV and on the rad (® not int) Huie, commercial, national, local, cable, satellite! flloguial words: telly, the box What you need for watching TV IAT licence Eremote control’, an aerial ['earial} What viewers do Mb tum on or off your TV to tum up or down its volume’ a colour, black and white, high-definition’, portable* or fixed TV set a satellite dish fiochange channels, to adjust® contrast, colour and tone Mo use a remote control, to record [ri’ko:d] a programme on audio or video-cassette fron DVD, to play back Dream Job: News Anchor Mhe lights shine brightly, the director ives the cue, the theme music comes to iiclimax, and Jonathan Mann tells the Kamera, “Good afternoon from ICNN Center; our top stories today, Wsa line he repeats every weekday as a jews anchor at CNN International, Watching at home, viewers glimpse opie rushing around behind him. Mann anchors from a desk literally inthe back of the newsroom. Alll around him, producers try to book satellite live [hots Writers struggle to keep up-to- date with the constant flow of updated news from CNN’s reporters. Copy editors edit the writers’ finished scripts Jand shout questions across the room, The intercom blares with details on in- ‘coming satellite news. Young entry-level employees gather scripts from the laser printer and run to distribute them. Mann spends most of his day at a desk like all Answer the the others in the newsroom, leaning about the news and writing his scripts. At a moment’ notice, the world can change, and CNN shifts into high gear: a war breaks out, a plane crashes, a scientific discovery is made, That's when an anchor proves himself: the scripts are thrown away, and he has only the producer’s voice in his ear telling him where to g With little © prepare, Mann finds himself interviewing newsmakers and putting together the news provided by reporters in the field. Mann has interviewed celebrities from Ronald Reagan to Nelson Man- dela. Yet he said the most interesting part of his job has been meeting anon mous but extraordinary people. The less-well-known “tend to be more sincere and communicate in truthful way.” Serl72_Par272.ht What is an anchor’s job? Find a synonym for the word “anchor” How many other people does he mention as contributing to a news broadcast? What type of people does he like to interview? Why? Find the words that m 1. a word or phrase that gives a si 2. the most exciting part of somethin broadcast at the same time as it in the following: i the place from where the news is broadcast the written form of a program to express your thoughts and feelings in a way that others understand them * miholdas eloizetés nagy felbontsst hhordozhat hangers * beat, igazit’ § supra (tev is) 2 hullambosse 3 itolvasé 4 sprtipotr hivigazda, isorvereis 6 akwualitésok 7e6 * fedotgozss Radio words (To tune in 10) a radio station, to broadcast’, wavelength’, frequency, FM, AM, UHF People involved in broadcasting Television journalist, presenter, newsreader / newscaster’, sportcaster’, host / hostess/ compere [‘kompea}’ of a show ‘Some frequent radio and TV programmes / broadcasts News broadcast, world / international news, regional news, commentary, news analysis [a'nalisis], current affairs® programme, live? [@ laiv] debate, soap-opera, series ['siarizz] / serialised films, adaptations* of novels, weather forecast, roundtable discussion, interviews [© ‘intavju:z], quizzes, game shows, talk / chat shows (2 seraxine * Describe your favourite TV and radio programmes. © What do you prefer: TV or radio? Why? * How many hours a day or week do you watch TV? *® What do you see as the advantages and disadvantages of television? * Do you think people would have more time to socialise if there was no TV? * What do you think of serialised novels? -£ =) EXERCISES @ Decide if the following sentences are right. Make corrections where needed. 8 1. My great grandfather was a famous playwriter who produced eight comedies. 2. In our family everyone is musician: my sister is a cellist, my older brother is a drummist and I play guitar. 3. Thave seen lots of silent films, which I love, but I still prefer talkies. 4. Unfortunately, in the exam T had no dictionary to look at unknown words. 5. Last week we saw La Boheme at the Opera. The directer did a wonderful job, but the conducter was certainly not at his best. © Find the odd one out. 8 I.horror action documentary fringe Hollywood _ silent 2extra designer understudy star actress actor 3. cast washroom auditorium dressing room foyer stage 4. act practise rehearse shoot perform play S.first night standard dress rehearsal performance recital show © Fin the missing words. 9 1. Avan writes poetry. 2. A/an writes newspaper articles, 3. Alan makes statues, 4. Aan makes plates and vases. 5. A/an the story of a famous person’s life. 6. Alan the empty space on the side of a page or text. 7. Alan in charge of the whole of a newspaper. 8. A/an suggests changes and improvements in a manuscript 9. Alan is the time when actors practise their roles and their joint production. 10. A/an is the place in a theatre where you leave your coat and other things.FM, AM, UHE host / hostess / uther forecast, Ik/ chat shows TV? ihere ht comedies. ler brother is is. 1 words mderful job, food silent actor stage 1 play show text, nanuscript. sand their our coat EXERCISES Guess the missing words. The first letters are given for you. 8 Wilde at Heart at the Edinburgh Festival: A review This is two sh. (1) in one, with a common theme and one group of p__ (2). First they perform Wilde at Heart, a piece w. (3) by David Parsonson about Oscar’s life, and then follow it with a musical interpretation of Wilde’s poem “The Ballad of Reading Gaol” €__(4) by Steve Gresswell The performers are four a (5) and five m__ © from Reading College and School of Arts and D. (7), with, Jamie Read as a guest singer. ith a number of short scenes played on a simple The play works well, s (8) with minimal scenery. Adrian McDougall is convincing a3 Oscar and Jamie Read is memorable as Lord Alfred Douglas. The female parts are well p. (9) by Catherine Rendle and Hayley Thatcher In the second piece, the poem is performed to music by Jamie Read, with the other four actors portraying scenes from the poem in mime. Jamie Read's 8 (10) is clear and expressive. Unfortunately, the work is rather Jong, and on the o. (yn (12) sound problems sometimes made it difficult to follow the words. I hope this improves later, as the overall show is very moving.Pe 8 A HEALTHY LIFESTYLE AND SPORTS to come first, t0 a to play a ga to throw the ayer, to train, to comy to ju players, champion, sprinter, shot-putter, to lose, to break a record, to support @ team, to sponsor a club 92) WHAT CAN YOU DO FOR A HEALTHIER LIFESTYLE? Take up, do or play a sport. Join a fitness club / gym / health centre Take more exercise: it keeps you fit, in good shape, in good condition, gives you ‘energy, recharges your batteries and revitalises you. Spend plenty of time in fresh air Watch your weight: go on a slimming diet, lose a few kilos. ‘Watch your diet: eat regularly, count your calories, have a balanced diet, cut down ‘on! sweets, carbohydrates and red meat, take more protein and vitamins, choose light, fresh and organic food, avoid? junk food and cut out? heavy food. ng, drinking heavily, worrying. Go for regular medical check-ups and cancer t Look after your body well Make time for yourself, slow down and relax. ) DOING SPORTS. \The adjective is always sports (not sport!) E.g. sports shoes, sports events, PLAY player DO GO fAllteam games: | Gymnastics! and athletics ‘Swimming (> a swimmer fe. football, (throwing the javelin" (speed) skating (> a skater), basketball, discus-throwing", skiing (a skier). olley ball’ hockey®, | shot-putting'”, horse-riding (> a rider, iechockey, baseball, | high, long and triple-jumping, _| a jockey), squash’ pole vaulting'* and sprinting!*), | mountain climbing yoga, aerobics, judo, karate, (a mountaineer), All games: boxing (— a boxer) ceyeling (> a cyclist), ‘Jeg. tennis, fencing! (—> a fencer), rowing?! (a rower), fable tennis weightlifting’ (— a weightlifter), | canoeing (—> caneoist), badminton’ wrestling!® (> a wrestler) jogging (> a joggen, hang-gliding"® (— a glider), springboard diving?” Bridge, chess? parachuting” (—> parachutist) (Gadiver) Other people associated with sports Referee [,ref'ris] (in boxing and all types of Football only), umpire ['smpaia] (eg. tennis, baseball, cricket)™, instructor’, coach / trai “Types of sports ‘Summer and winter sports, indoor and outdoor sports, field sports” (hunting, fishing, shooting), motor sports’, water sports, combat sports” (e.g. karate, judo), blood sports (fox and stag hunting)", extreme [ik'stri:m] sports Amateur, semi-professional and professional sports, individual and team sports, competitive sports", spectator sports? Where you do sports Generai: gymnasium, sports hall, sports field, st Court: tennis, basketball, badminton, volleyball, squash Pitch (= field): football, baseball, rugby, field hockey Course: golf, racing course, cross-country skiing the shot, wr aclub \sokkent 2 keril, elkertil Selhagy “gona, fp Seyepabe, hoki Talnbde Stoll ak 7 lyhajitas 2aiszkosovetes irks "9 sérksnyrepulés 2 enugris, haivarkods bird bins okt et 2 terepspor 2 ates spor iiadéspon 5 versenysport 2 avanyspor Sautdverenypya terepanin8 ‘isspalya 2 pays apo hale Soltaslabda or 7 golf Shoe ®korone véddszemuves MW Jevegopalock 2 meriéraha 3 merafeluter 4 ivésisak Sard i6r tr evens 2 korménylapst 2 bistonsigi kotés 2% gerenda 2 felemdshor Kort 2S ugroszekreny 2 karika P szalag hovel 2d sisak ™vastag, kits abit Mayait Spehailt Jekuporodik Mieguggot Skérenlis 3 fejenllés 2B spirga ek tims > ciginykereket vet gyorsan fut “Vmellszas “2 pillangs tiszés gyorsiseds “euarik, alimeril 4S fojest erik eselen #716, céloz etver fejl Ssdtrig pig, patogtat regi, dkBlesapist, Sesapis *lrlepni ej felrekapja, tehizza a nyakit ti, loretir © siti DOING SPORTS Rink!, skating, ice-hockey Pool: swimming, water-polo, diving Ring: boxing, wrestling [reslig} Piste (= ski run): skiing, snowboarding Equipment you need for various sports: © Equipment is never used in plural. Wrong: a few equipments: Right: a few pieces / items of equipment. Ballgames: a ball, a goal’, a basket, a net* Badminton: a shuttlecock® ( not a ball!) and a racket® Tennis: a ball and a racket Table tennis: a ball and a bat Golf: a ball and clubs? Field hockey: a ball and a stick* Ice hockey: a puck? and a stick Water sports: goggles”, a swimsuit and a cap Scuba diving: a mask, an air cylinder", a diving suit! a diving platform" Fencing: gloves, a mask", a sabre ['seiba]", a foil" an epee [epeil” Boxing: gloves Rowing / canoeing: paddles", boat, oars", rudder Skating: ice-skates Skiing: skis, safety binding”, sticks / poles Gymnastics: floor, beam, asymmetric bars”, bar", (vaulting) box?’, hoop*, ribbon?” Mountaineering: rope, climbing boots, safety helmet™, anorak / padded jacket™ What sports people (sportsmen and sportswomen) do Inan exercise class and in gymnastics they hold their arms downwards or upwards, lift their arms and legs, stretch and bend™ their elbows and knees, lie on the back or side, sit up, crouch (kraut }", kneel, squat [skwot }, do a handstand", a headstand’, a split”, push-ups*, throw a cartwheel or somersault ['samaso:lt}”, jump, leap and sprint®, In swimming they do the breaststroke", backstroke and the butterfly stroke'?, crawl (do crawling)", do underwater swimming, plunge (plands}* or dive" into the water. Jn football they kick, pass, dribble, shoot", miss‘, head" the ball, score a goal®, and get a yellow or red card, In other ballgames they shoot, throw, bounce*', hit, strike, catch and receive the ball. In tennis, table tennis and badminton they serve, retum and smash® the ball. In rowing and canoeing they paddle, turn and stcer* the boat. In skiing and skating they slide on snow and ice, In boxing they punch’ each other (below the belt), deal / deliver and receive blows", sidestep” or duck* and are sometimes counted out. In fencing they attack, lunge [lands] and defend themselves. In hang-gliding and parachuting they take off, glide in the air and land.KM Guess the title, What is the sport that is The origins and nature of the game Iris played by both men and women and isthe longest standing team sport in the Olympic Games, being introduced in Paris in 1900. The sport originated in England and is now played in over 100 countries, though only America has ever challenged the European domi- tation of the game tis considered to be the most physically demanding of all sports, requiring top performers to cover up to 3 kilometres ‘ver the 1 hour 15 minutes of a game Through the use of subtle small tugs {and pushes on an opposing player's fips, thighs and arms, good players ailempt to gain a small advantage, and also tire the opposition. People view it [asa tough spor, even though this is not [enerally the case. Players command a Adapted from: hn: . 28 SPEAKING DOING SPORTS described below? &— respect reserved for few other athletes, The typical player is tall, well built powerful, intelligent and possessed of ‘outstanding endurance. What are the rules? The game is like a combination of soccer, basketball, ice hockey and rugby, played in a different element Itis played in water, which makes it dif- ficult for the two referees to see exactly what is going on. Another interesting point is the way the rules regulate degrees of physical contact. The four rules which deal with this are about impeding (swimming over someone), pushing, holding (sinking and pulling back), and brutality. With the exception of brutality, these rules do not apply when an opponent is holding the ball, ive. he can be tackled. www skynet.ie/~h2opololgame.heml iat sports have you ever done? Is there a sport you would like to take up? What are the obstacles? * What sports do you do now? How often * What sports do you et and where do you do them? joy watching as a spectator? * Describe what you do exactly in the sport you like best. Sports events Training session (D not a trainin tational championship’, the first a finals, Cup Final, World Cup, Olympic Winners, losers and supporters Gold, silver, bronze medal (medallist), Oly Acompetitor comes first, second, last, is the runner-up’, is neck and neck beats the opponent or the current champion, sets*, holds and breaks a isin the lead / takes the lead", wins a title. Supporters / fans! cheer!? and support their team, clap their hands, whistle and boo!” Foosball scores 241 The team won two-one. 20 They won two-nil. 33 They drew three all (0-0 1 was nil-nil ), game, match, competition, race! \d second rounds’, quarter-finals*, ames, Para-olympics tournament semi-finals® vada, torma, verseny nemzeti bajnoksig Fordulék S neayeddonts Skoedpdins rmasodik helyezett 8 fej-fe meet * bedi ssurkols bizat, ljenez “nny hurr, leburrog mpic, European, national champion ord, rDescribe the scenes in the pictures. * Where do you think the pictures were taken? ink How many years of work do you 1 it took them to get to this stage? * How do you feel about these sportmen? Are you respectful, envious, sorry... or what? [ Fisherman: (Phe 5 _ Boxing instructor: “Good, that’s your first lesson. Got any questions?” (rst hunter: “M's Bene Beginner (shyly): “Don’t you have | Fay amily will be Wor yet : Quali Sportsmanship generosity [dgena'rositi] (being tarts, stloképesség Stamina ['staemina]! (= physical and m 2 dans (being dedicated) to the sport Losenaad Talent (being talented) or gift (gifted) and outstanding physical and mental features A competitive spirit, ability to lose, courage* (being courageous [ka'reid3as] and brave) and a readiness to work hard (being hard-working) for long years of outstanding sportspeople fair), respect for fellow sportsmen, enerouls) towards the opposing team or player I strength) and dedication?( ‘YOUR WEIGHT — EATING WELL ) Problems in sports: Drugs gs in World Athletics have provided the world of athletics 38-year-old does not have the speed he once ‘fierce opponent ever since the emer- possessed. ee of systematic forms of doping in In July 2000, former East German em Europe. sporting supremo, Manfred Ewald was ‘One of the most famous cases in history, found guilty of doping more than 100 er. is that involving a westemer ~ young athletes. He was given a suspended dian sprinter Ben Johnson. He won prison sentence of 22 months. Former East 100 metres at the 1988 Seoul Olympics German sports medical officer, Manfred in a world record time but was later Hoppner, 66, was given an '18-month pped of his gold medal and banned for suspended sentence at the same time. ‘years after testing positive for an The two were charged with causing i serold, Alife bat from the track bodily harm Yo. young. athletes. During in March 1993, when he gave — their two-month trial a number of athletes positive test. Johnson was then and swimmers testified to having suffered for life. from health problems as a result of using Since then he has made an unsuccessful the anabolic steroids. tempt to get back into the Canadian team Witnesses included former shot-putter or the 2000 Olympics. He has recently Andreas Krieger, who as Heidi Kneger, «1 a5 personal fitness trainer. Mean- won the 1986 European Championship. an incident in which a mugger took She then had a sex-change after years of ‘wallet and outran him showed that the injections of male hormones. Adapted from: htp:news.bhe.co.uklsport Answer the questions ‘What is Ben Johnson’s story and what does it prove? * What were Manfred Ewald and Manfred Hoppner charged with? * Who are Andreas Krieger and Heidi Krieger? D soraxive *Have you got the qualities of an excellent sportsperson? If not, what is missing? *Have you got a sportsperson as a role model? What are the qualities that make him or her special in your eyes? *Do you think doing sports changes one’s personal ? Iso, in what ways? * Describe in detail a sports event where you (and your team) won. ‘In your opinion and elderly people hat are the best sports for young children, for middle-aged ) YOUR WEIGHT — EATING WELL. Role play Here are some questions a patient is asking a General Practitioner. Play the role of the doctor and give scientific answers, based on the information on page 98. % Doctor, is it true that I shouldn’t have dinner at all, as that would make me even. more overweight than my breakfast? % Doctor, is it true that if there is no fat in my food, I will lose weight, no matter what Teat? features \ a % Doctor, I have osteoporosis. I know milk is good for me, but what kind will give F the best results? day. But % Doctor, I have heard about eating five portions of green products ever how can I find five different types of fresh fruit and vegetables each d % Doctor, Iam diabetic, but love macaroni and spaghetti. Do you think I can have them? fell me what to eat in order to lose weight.Did you know that the the colour of a fruit or genre the more seeds it is...3 MORE INTERESTING FOOD FACTS BELOW ‘by yndel Costain 1, Pasta, oats and pulses (peas, beans and 5, Food eaten late at night is not more fat- lentils) ate good sources of ‘slow tening. Studies have tested this out and release’ carbohydrates that help to keep found that itis your total calorie intake your blood glucose (sugar) on an even _over the day thai counts. level. 6. All fruit and vegetables contain different 2.All types of fruit and vegetables can phytochemicals (phyto = plant). which count towards the recommended “S a give them their distinctive colours and day’ — fresh, frozen, dried, juiced and flavours, and can benefit our health, Mix canned — so eating S'may be easier than __ your colours for optimal benefits. you think. 7. Don't like spinach? It could be inherited 3.Skimmed and semi-skimmed milk con-_” Some people camry a gene which makes it tain as much calcium as full cream milk, taste unpleasantly bitter, Pit, as the biter 50 make a healthy choice. pat is good for you! 4. ‘Low or ‘reduced’ fat foods aren't neces- 8. A pound of bod fat contains 3.500 calo sarily low calorie foods thanks to extra ries. Soto lose pound ina week you need sugars or starches. Always check the to eat 300 calories less each day (7500 calorie content before you buy. 3,500). Viee-versa for weight gain, Adapted from: htip: www.bbe.co.ukthealth/yourweightieatingwell D) LOOKING AFTER YOUR BODY WELL Everyday activities to keep clean and tidy To wash (yourself), to take a shower or a bath, to shave, to brush and floss your teeth, to shampoo, dry, comb and brush your hair, to apply makeup, creams and lotions, to cut your nails, to go to the toilet / loo Cosmetics you need (A bar of) soap, liquid soap, foam bath, shower gel, toothpaste, mouthwash, * dorotva shaving foam, razor', skin cream, lotion’, sun cream, hair shampoo, hair gel 2krem deodorant spray, roll-on deodorant [dis'oudarant], makeup, mascara’, eye shadow, lipstick, nail polish {'polif]> 4 szembspider $ Keromlak Other things you need sivas Toothbrush, dental floss, hairbrush, comb [koum], hair dryer, towel, scissors, sponge [spands}*, clothes brush, shoe polish Special treats To go to the sauna ['sonal, solarium [sou'leariam], to have a (full-body, shoulder, foc) massage, to spend a long weekend at a wellness hotel * Describe the scenes in the three pictures. © To what extent are these activities healthy or unhealthy? * What might be the consequences of overdoing them?Find the odd one out. 8+ I. figure skating ice-hockey 2 skiing ha 2 badminton field hockey table tennis baseball___voleyball 3. helmet net poles ropes boots 4. trainer champion record-keeper medallist winner 5. pass dribble dive miss head 6. finals quarter-finals plays Olympics games 7. fibres carbohydrates protein fruit sugar 8. powdered skimmed full fat low-fat 9, junk organic light heavy competitive IO Write down at least five words Beginning with “football”: e.g. football player Beginning with “swimming”: Beginning with “team” Beginning with “sports”: Give three pieces of equipment, clothes or tools you must have for these sports. Swimming Skiing Tennis { Name the sports and say who does them, +public transport, zebra crossing, traffic lights, pavement, road, icles, driving licence, air pollution, 100 noise levels, traffic jam, the rush hour to walk, to get to a place on foot, to walk, to travel by bus, to leam to drive, to ride a motorcycle, to fly a plane, to take a taxi, to board a ship, to get into a to observe the Highway Code, to break the rules, to follow the signs, to cross the street, to wm left and right, to pay a fineA) VEHICLES / MEANS OF TRANSPORT Vehicles on the road {Car limousine, hatchback, sports car, convertible), taxi, trolley bus, tram, s, double-decker (in London), coach', motorcycle / motorbike, voli buse e / bike, (heavy) lorry?, dustbin lorry / garbage tuck / dustcart Pteherauts (pick-up) truck, delivery van, breakdown lorry, dump truck®, ambulance. pet petrol tanker, camper, caravan / trailer® teheraut6 vagy bus Types of aircraft takékocsi (O Plural: aircraft): aeroplane / airplane (US), passenger or military aeroplane supithatisrepil6 jeliner’, no frills aeroplane, charter flight, supersonic jetliners, Telicopter / chopper, glide? 1 fogaskerek Types of trains hajé Passenger train, freight train, suburban (sa‘ba:bon] train'® / local railway / Saha tin (HEV), inter-city train, fast / express train, cogwhee!" train / railway, ihe underground, the tube (in London) Common types of vessels!? 2 haaan ship, cruiser (‘kruzz py(boat)'s, river-boat, sailing boat / sailer'®, rowing!” boat, kayak [’kaiack] guts eanoe [ka'nu:}, yacht [j>:t], submarine, fishing boat 4, Liner, hydrofoil [‘haidrofoil] ural feszalés elt © You travel by car, by bus, by train etc. but you travel in your own car ina rented aeroplane, on board the Titanic, on horseback, on camelback or you walk on foot What vehicles do Avehicle leaves / departs and arrives, Ataxi draws up / stops, then pulls away Abus, a train, a tram runs", Abus, train, plane is due at a given time. Atrain pulls into and out of a station, Aplane taxis'®, takes off and lands. Steering vehicles Todrive a car, a bus, a train, to fly a plane, a helicopter, to steer a ship, a boat, a yacht toride a bike, a motorbike / a horse / a donkey People steering or using vehicles Driver / motorist, learner driver, motorcyclist, cyclist [‘saiklist], captain, pilot passenger, commuter What passen; To take a bus, train, plane, to catch a taxi, bus, train (<> to miss), planes, buses, metro lines (® plural nouns!), to get on and get off a train, bus, plane, to get into and out of a car, taxi, and mini bus, to board a plane, a ship. a boat (<> to disembark) 24 SPEAKING * What vehicles have you and your family have ever had? Describe them in detail * Have you ever travelled by ship and by plane? * What do you see as the main advanta; What do you see as the best means of transport for cities?cD " rendszertelen jt PUBLIC TRANSPORT B) PUBLIC TRANSPORT Read the followit * the price you pay for a journey the person that checks whether you have the right to travel * the place that you are the adjective used wit avelling to | Public transport in Budapest | Hungary has an extensive public trans- | portation system, especially in Buda- | pest. Buses and the metro run from half | past four in the moming until about 11 at night. Night buses run on the most frequented lines from 11 until 4 in the moming, so it is always possible to either go home at night or to sub- stantially reduce taxi costs by taking Public transport some part of the way. Never forget to purchase and validate a ticket because ticket controllers. are plenty and can spot you from quite a distance. Tickets can be purchased at newspaper stands and special ticket offices at Metro stations. If you intend to take a bus at night, make sure you Possible problems Narrow and congested roads, traffic jams, overcrowded vehicles, irregular service! powercuts?, unclean and vandalised vehit BY iscussion Re DAO, Who is responsible for these problems? How can they be dealt with? Some forms of asking for and gi ~ Excuse me, what is the best way to. 4 How do I get to ...? ~ Keep straight on. ~ Walk along this road. ~ Take the first / second / third turn on your right / left. 4 Cross the road and carry on on the other side. / and change at © Take bus / tram number ... / line (2 soraxa text, and give the words for: a ticket that you can use freely for a given time ket” meaning that you have the right to travel ig directions /Can you tell me the purchase a ticket during the day, as it, may be difficult to get one at night, though the driver is supposed to be able to supply you with one. There are | ticket-machines in major tram stops as well, but they may be out of order and it is rather difficult to explain this to the controllers. It is possible to get weekly and monthly passes, which is quite a bargain. Com- ppared to 140 forints (appr. 0.7 USD) for a single ticket valid for any one journey, for about $25 you can get a monthiy pass for the Budapest area and never have to worry again on buses, trams, ‘metros, trolley buses, local trains and the cogwheel train. J hooliganism, pickpocketing ay to...2 * Give directions to a stranger in your street. Tell them how to get to the nearest supermarket, then the closest post office and underground station. * Describe traffic in your district. How heavy is it? What public transport is there? What type of streets and roads are there? Are there frequent accidents in the area?E ‘CARS AND DRIVIN (C) CARS AND DRIVING Parts of a car Outside Body', chassis {'fzesi)?, bonnet*, boot, number plate, bumper, wheel, tyre, windscreen / windshield (US)°, windscreen wiper, exhaust pipe [ig'z9:st paip!, figh-hand wing mirror, front and rear window, fuel tank Lighis Headlights, dipped beam’, front and rear indicator, fog lamp, hazard flasher ['hezad 'flaefa}* Inside Front and rear seats, driver’s and passenger seats, backrest, seat belt steering wheel, ignition key lig'nifan 'kis], hom, handbrake lever [‘li:va], clutch pedal, accelerator [ak'selareita] pedal, brake pedal Brgine Four-stroke engine, combustion [kam'bastfan] engine’, cylinder (‘silinds}"°, spark plug" injection pump, valve [vaelv}, battery'’, cooling water pipe, radiator, air filter Dashboard Fuel gauge (geids}", fuel warning light, speedometer, mileage recorder Jemperature and air-conditioning regulator, radio, glove compartment Accessories {ak'sesariz}"® Roof rack'®, sport mirrors, spoiler, sun guard, sunroof, fender’, alarm system's, radar [‘reidaz] detectors, automatic lock What the driver needs Registration documents”, registration number, a valid”! driving licence. ‘ar insurance, the Highway Code (UK)”, ignition key”, a full tank of petrol, fist aid kit, toolkit, spare bulbs*, spare tyre ['spea ‘taial, air pump, petrol can, pressure gauge ['prefa ‘geids}”, jack", paper towel What drivers do To take a driving test, to obtain and to renew” a driving licence, to take out third-party insurance" and car insurance and to pay car tax ‘To get into the car, to fasten your seatbelt, to start the engine / to turn the ignition key, lorev up” the engine, to put into first gear, to move off” To change gears (first, second, third, fourth and reverse™), to use indicators" ipovertake™ another car, to pull up” at traffic lights®, to give way”. iochange lanes, to tum left or right, to take a U-tum’®, to back out", to accelerate / Inspeed up*?, to brake / to step on the brake, to slow down, to blow /to sound the horn To observe" the speed limit’ and traffic regulations'®, to exceed!” the speed limit (Gpeeding), to park, to pay a parking fee, to pay a toll Tofill up® the tank, to have the oil level, the brakes, the tyres checked, to change Awheel, to jack™ a car ‘Have you ever tried driving? If so, what was the most difficult skill to learn? Have you taken your driving test? How was it? ‘+ Would you like to drive a larly? Give your reasons, ‘Ifyou drive regularly, what do you enjoy most and least about it? ‘* What make is your car? * What is your favourite make of car? Why? arosseéria 2alvia * notorhiztets 5 spélvéds kiputopses ompitot fény 8 yészvillogs ° robbandmotor "henger 8 gyertya Spelep akkumulitor 'S hencinszintmérs "Sextet Pikes forgalmi iratok 2 gendszim 2 KRESZ 2S slusszkules, indit6- ” meghosszabbit 0 fitelez6 biztostés » me soclekedési ima Metsobbseget al isan 4 fthasendlai djce ‘CARS AND DRIVING. y Review of the Citroen Xsara VTS Coupe by Chris Bishop PRICE in Australia: $32,990 ENGINE: 2.0-litre, Four cylinder, 16 valves MAX. POWER: 124 KW @ 6500 rpm ‘TRANSMISSION: Five-speed manual WEIGHT: 1219 kg LENGTH: 4188 mm, WIDTH: 1705 mm HEIGHT: 1405 mm. ‘TOWING CAPACITY: 1100 kg, DRIVING WHEELS: Front ‘TYRES: 195/55/R15 ‘TURNING CIRCLE: 10.7 m ACCEL. 0-100 KM/H: 10.9 secs BRAKING, ‘80 KM/H-O: 29m (ABS) FUEL ECONOMY. {as tested): 9.7 litres/100 km SERVICE INTERVALS: 20,000 km WARRANTY: 3 years/100,000 km Adapted from: hap:iiwww.racq.com.aui03_carireviews new/FCT Citroen Xsara_VTS.Coupe Citroen and its other French compatriots are getting a growing market share. However not all Citroen models have been out standing. The stylish VTS coupe is one of the better Xsara per- formers, although top small cars from Japan and Europe make life tough for Xsara and its premium price. VALUE FOR MONEY If you are looking for features, you will not be disappointed with the VTS, Front and rear fog lights, headlamp beam adjustment, alloy wheels, emote locking, ran-sensing wipers, climate contol air-conditioning, CD player, height adjustable driver’s sea, power front windows, power mirrors and trip computer. Add to this mix the model's dual airbags, side airbags, ABS and height adjustable outer seatbelts, and the price is no longer so step. Its fuel efficiency is average forthe class. For running and repair costs, Citroen is about average, and its ‘warranty is standard, Resale values are reasonable: a 13-month Xsara loses around 30 percent ofits original value. DESIGN & FUNCTION In practical terms, the car is both good and bad. ‘The sporty three-door is above average in anti-theft measures. Its safety levels are also quite high. Independent crash testing | shows Xsara to be average for the class. | ‘The design is below average, with some clearly visible problems. ‘The window switches are a bit low, seats sometimes rock the passenger rather unpleasantly and there is too much plastic used, “The seats are soft in comparison to those in the Peugeot 307 or German cars bat prove right for Tong joumeys. The back sea are forks only. Limited headroom and low headrests lower the ‘chances of tall men feeling comfortable. | Shoulder room, however, snot bad and the boot is also useable Both front seas slide forward easily. Carrying capacity can be ectaty | Even on full, air-conditioning was not up to scratch in the mide ‘of a hot summer. | ‘Apart from the air-conditioning, noise levels aren't too bad, ON THE ROAD Ttabsorbs bumps very well and is at its best at highway speeds, although the suspension occasionally shakes when the car crashes into potholes. ‘The brakes are effective, with short stopping distances in emer- gency tests, ‘The car feels quick, with its engine happy to rev to maximum. Shifting gear is a bit rough, and you don’t feel the clutch, CONCLUSION Quite simply, the VTS is not built well enough, a bit small and lacks outstanding qualities. Other European and Japanese models like the 307, Golf and Civic are better value for money.ARS AND DRIVING Answer the questions. What are the best and worst features of the Citroen Xsara VTS Coupe? Isit very pleasant to drive? Isit recommended for a family with teenage children? Is it recommended for people travelling long distances? Is it likely to be stolen? Find the words: flithats Glés___ automatikus ablaknyitas fenntartisi koltségek litkOzési test felfliggesztés_ katy vontatési kapacités fogyasatis garancia fordulatszam Accidents Tocause an accident, to suffer an accident, to crash /to run /to bump! into another car, ! bleak to collide [ko'laid] into another vehicle (collision?), to lose control’ over the car, fatkires to knock down /to run‘ over a passer-by / pedestrian’, to hit and run’, to dart elves a uot to dent” the car, to call the police, to call for an ambulance om valogos The car is a complete write-off, you have insurance cover / an insurance policy “ © cserbenbagy a Aldozatst, bbehorpaszt 8 touikiros ° biztosidsi Kotvény ® seeaxane Describe the scene in the picture. What do you think may have caused the accident? How couid it have been prevented? How soon do you think traffic can go back to normal? What needs to be done?" bedugal / megtorpan & forgalom 2 ajavitas 5 fizet6 parkotis 4 dofekt Sy © megrongatt 7 nas vezetés| ‘CARS AND DRIVING. The world's first road death and its aftermath On August 17, 1896, a 44-year old ‘mother became’ the first road victim in the world. Bridget Driscoll, a woman with two children, had come to London with her teenage daughter and a friend to watch a dancing display. The crash occurred on a terrace in the grounds of Crystal Palace in London. While the driver reported to have been doing 4 mph, witnesses described him as travelling at “tremendous speed”. ‘The car, driven by Arthur Edsell, an employee of the company, was owned by the Anglo-French Motor Car Com- pany, who were offering demonstration fides to the public. The driver had been driving for only 3 weeks (no driving ‘Adapted from: huip:/iwww.roadpeace.org/articles!WorldF irstDeath hint Answer the questions © Give a one-sentence summary of what happened to Bridget Driscoll. * Who was the driver? And what was his punishment? © In the article, what is the most surprising information for you? Other problems and difficulties Getting caught in the (moming) rush hour, being stuck in a traffic jam / in heavy trafic, traffic coming to a standstill’, crowded / congested [kan'dgestid] roads, road works, roadblock, fee parking’, a puncture / a flat tyre’, having to pay a fine’ / being fined running out of petrol / an empty tank, car theft, a vandalised® car, drinking and driving’ © The word “traffi (GB piscussioy * Who is responsible for these problems? How can they be dealt with? * Have you ever been involved in any of these problems as a victim or witness? is uncountable: “There i tests or licenses existed at that time) and atthe time of the accident he was also said to have been talking to the young lady passenger beside him, Alter a six-hour trial, the jury passed fa verdict of “Accidental Death”. The judge said “This must never happen again”, but no prosecution was proposed ‘or brought against the driver or the company. Tt has happened again and again, ‘world-wide. Over one million people are killed each year in road crashes and countless millions are injured. In the UK, five times as many people are killed on the roads than are ‘murdered. t much traffic on the roads.” D sreaxinc * Describe the scene in the picture. p84 * What do you think . the policeman and the driver are arguing about? * What is going to happen next? * Have you been in a similar situation? What happened?E (Roxby anp stars D) ROADS AND STREETS roads Motorway / highway (US), main road, national road, major road, secondary road, ‘qossroads / junction, ring road / bypass?, side road, service road, dirt road Streets One-way street, two-way street, side street, cul-de-sac ['kal da sak] / dead end street‘ inalfic-free / pedestrianized (pa'destrionaizd] street Lanes‘ Inside, outside and middle lane, bus lane, cycle lane / path® Other parts of the road Hard shoulder’, pavement’, pedestrian crossing / zebra crossing, roundabout’, tend", bridge, flyover / overpass (US)!", underpass / subway'?, tunnel, Sleeping policeman / speed bump" Facilities to help and pedestrians Road signs", traffic lights, emergency phone, parking meter, petrol / filling station Road signs: Match the signs with their instru 1. Minimum Speed 9, Roundabout 2. Maximum Speed 10. No Entry 3, End of Minimum Speed 11. No Stopping 4, One Way Traffic 12. Stop and Give Way §, Route to be Used by Pedal Cyclists only 13, No Waiting 6. Vehicles May Pass on Either Side 14, No U-turns 7. Give Way to Traffic on major Roads 15. No Overt 8. Tum Left resstez6dés lout S fal * sdkutea 5 sévok Sbicikli sv 7 gupadka Sidra kérforgalom "foliar 2 alr 13 fekvérend6e injetes¥indulisi és érkenési informécids tabla 2 ranzitesanok ya Sirinytétorony eel drat hese kirya °silsly 2 misodpilta 1 apitiny "2 hevindortési tse, hati take Gesok Koz folyoss 'Stehaithats asta ul sok wast vesenek fel a lista rovid megallis 2ksnyscrleszls ‘okozta ross Ksecrect 108 Policeman to young ‘were You in ai the ti Innocent miss: “| blue shoes and a ras Wearing a blue t White sports dress = (Plight Policeman: “How did you knock him down?” 1" What kind of cA Trembling teenager: “I didn't | braked ( Salesman 10 84 iS or eight cylinder the car to let him cross the street and | you lke = 086, 1 just bes he fainted.” Girl iil ‘with one? Father: “Son, did you use the car last night? Boy: "Yes, Dad. | took some of the boys for a ride.” Father; “Well, tll them I found two of their lipsticks." E) TRAVEL BY AIR, RAIL AND SEA Air travel At the airport ‘Terminal building, information desk, departures and arrivals board, offices of airlines, check-in desk, departures and arrivals lounge [a'raivalz “launds), transit lounge?, gate, baggage reclaim’, customs clearance’, red and green channels, waiting room / lounge, lost property, duty free shop, coffee bar, restaurant, facilities, toilet Runway / tarmac’, control tower*, domestic, intemational, charter” flight, Boarding card / pass, hand / carry-on luggage, excess [ik'ses] baggage” What you do at the airport ‘To arrive at the airport, to go into the terminal building, to check in, to put the luggage on the belt, to present one’s passport at passport control, to go through security (control), to wait in the departure lounge, to go through the departure gate when the flight is called, to show one’s boarding card, to board ) to get on the plane, to put the carry-on luggage into the overhead locker, to occupy ‘one's seat, to fasten the seatbelt, to disembark / to get off, to go to the baggage reclaim, to collect one’s bags, to go through customs and immigration, to fill in a customs declaration form, to take a shuttle bus, to rent a ear People working at the airport Air traffic controller, cabin crew, air steward and stewardess, flight attendant, plot co-pilot", captain", customs officer, immigration officer'? Inthe aeroplane Cockpit", wings, tail Business and economy class, aisle [ail], aisle or window seat, overhead locker, fold-away table'* Possible problems of air travel Airsickness, anxiety [2en'zaiati}®, (a 30-minute) delay'”, lost luggage, overbooking"’, stopover", turbulence ['ta:bjulans], emergency landing™, hijacking”, jetlag ['dgetleg)Travelling by rail Ar the railway station Ticket office, ticket clerk, left luggage office / lockers', “lost and found’ loudspeaker, destination board’, railway timetable, departure time’ trolley’, platform’, rails What you de To make reservations, to book / to buy (single or return) tickets, to check train times, to get on the train, to take one’s seat, to arrive at one’s destination, to get off Inthe train Cab’, engine’, engine-driver, ticket controller / inspector, carriage", corridor! compartment! seat, seat number, sliding window", luggage rack'*, coat hook". buffet (bufer] car, dining car, sleeping car, toilet Travelling by sea Parts of a ship (Captain’s and passer hold", mast'®, funnel anchor [‘enka}®, siren [sairan}, bow [bau], stern, lifeboat, sails, r What you do To board / to come aboard, to be on board (the ship), to The ship sets sail / departs / leaves, is bound for a destination: reaches port To load and unload cargo, to build, christen and launch’® a ship Possible problems and accidents Seasickness, dizziness”, rough” sea, high wind, storm, to get shipwrecked™, to get stranded”, the ship is overtu the ship hits sg to go down / to sink © Words often confused: dock, harbour, quay, port, haven, shipyard A dock™ is where ships are loaded, unloaded and repaired A harbour’ is a safe area of water for ships to anchor A quay {kit} is part of a harbour used for loading and unloading goods. A port” is a town with docks by the sea or a river. en {heivan}* is not a concrete place. E.g. a safe haven, a tax haven a haven of peace. A shipyard” is a place where ships are built and repaired alk rgyak *clallomasok kis fake Folyos *oldablak "Sakaszt6 fedélzet rakodotér 8 rb kemény haj6 orra 2 hao faraftat sitorlizat *hajkoritea meg itban van a cl felé stnak ind viharos,hullimos ends szdl hajotorést szenved " megfeneklik felborul ikot6tviros)EXERCISES Zz > Exerc @ Find the odd one out &—* 1. Liner yacht cruise sailer boat 2. Bicycle lorry van coach camper Commuter pedestrian flight hiker sailor 4. Brake pedal clutch accelerator bumper Speeding drink driving hijacking vandalism fining © What are the missing words? &—+ 1. Come on. Let’s go. my car quickly. 2. am in such a hurry that I must a taxi What time does your flight from Budapest, and what time docs i in London? 4, Where should I this bus if I want to go to Keleti Railway Station? 5. There is no direct service. You have to trains t0 get to Marshfield. © Use three adjectives to describe 1. Your street 2. Avehicle in your family 3. The form of public transport you regularly use © Give short definitions. * What is a crash helmet for? © What is an ignition key for? * What is a roundabout for? © What is a flyover for? © What is a traffic warden’s job? * What is a left luggage office for? © For and against. Give three reasons for and three against the following. * Hitchhiking * Travelling by train * Owning your own car * Cycling to work © Regularly commuting from a village to a large city @© Read the following article, and supply the missing “travel” words. Without a ticket: Pay the ticket collector for general class and travel sleeper If you are travelling by train from Jammu to Ludhiana in India, you need not buy the ticket. Instead, pay general-class fare to the travelling ticket examiner (TTE) and reach your (1) comfortably in the sleeper class, without ever bothering about the ticket.y ( EXERCISES ) The reporter saw this while travelling from Jammu to Ludhiana in Malwa Express. A number of (2) were travelling without ticket. The Railways may be suffering huge losses, but the TTEs always make good money every day between Jammu and Indore. Malwa Express (3) Most of the TTEs would do anything for a chance to be employed on this Cm . especially in coaches $8, $9 and $10, These coaches are usually reserved for passengers boarding the train at (5) _____ other than Jammu, but, most places in these three coaches remain vacant. TTEs then shift travellers without sleeper-class tickets to them, where they (6) their own fares without ever issuing a ticket. The sources said the practice had been going on for several years and senior officials were aware of it. Ifa passenger wants to travel in the sleeper class from Jammu to Ludhiana, he or she will have to pay 126 rupees for a single (7) Instead, passengers prefer to pay about 75 rupees to the TTE and travel in the sleeper class, saving themselves also the trouble of standing in the (8)__ for buying tickets. ‘The TTEs feel no shame in doing this. A'TTE on duty on the Malwa Express said this was an accepted practice and everyone knew about it. He was not wearing the nameplate on his blue (9) and refused to give his name. He said the nameplate didn’t matter as frequent travellers recognise him anyway as he has been (10)__ __ tickets on this train for the past 10 years, Ludhiana, December 25 2002K 10 BEING OUTDOORS, TRAVELLING ‘campsite, reception, caravan, parking area, bar, 10 go swimming, wooden cabin, shower, toilet, _playground, restaurant, camper, relax, self-service shop, beach, receptionist, waiter, angler, lakeside, golf course, to cat out/ swimmer, rower, backpacker, ne out, to have a good timeSPENDING TIME OUTDOORS AND TAKING IN FRESH) A) SPENDING TIME OUTDOORS AND TAKING IN FRESH AIR Garden Jobs in the To grow plants, to plant flowers, tomatoes, trees, to mow [mou] the lawn?, fowater the grass, to cut flowers, to spray trees, to dig the ground, to collect fruit forake dead leaves*, to compost plants and leaves in a compost heap g (having green fingers!) sarden Garden tools Spade’, rake®, lawn mower, saw’, garden-hose', shears Substances Manure [man'jua]'”, fertilisers!’ (to fertilise), insecticides", pesticides" and other chemicals {'kemikalz} @® seo p es 59 — 60 Spending time in parks and public gardens Lawn, “Keep off the grass" sign, flower bed, group of trees, shrub!, play area, path, bench", fountain", basin™, statue, monument®, sunshade, litter bin’ open-air café ['keefei], ice-cream vendor To go for a walk, to have / to take a walk, to have / to take a (little, short, after-lunch, evening) stroll [stroul] by the lake, to have a pienic, to take the dog for a walk, to hang out (infil)? People: park keeper, park gardener, picnickers In playgrounds Slide, sandpit*, To build a sandcastle, to swing, to seesaw, to climb a rope ladder to play hide and seek", to play hopscotch® Jimbing frame, swing?’, seesaw2* to fly a kite™ -walking quipment Walking boots", backpack / knapsack / rucksack", waterproof jacket™, thermos ['@a:mos] (bottle), penknife®, field glasses / binoculars [bai'nokjulaz} What hikers do To walk / to hike™, to read a compass [/kampas}” and a map, to climb mountains to follow a path or an itinerary [ai'tinarari}"’, to lose your way / your directions, to reach a summit /a peak"', fo stay at a refuge ['refjusd3}” or mountain hut*, to admire the view Camping Camp-site / camping site / campground People: camper, holidaymaker, Boy Scout* [skaut], Girl Guide®, receptionist, campsite attendant Objects and camping gear* Caravan / motor home, bungalow, wooden cabin®, a (lightweight, three-person) tent, ° tent pole’ chair and table, sleeping bag, foam mattress®, air mattress*, camp bed, torch**, gas cooker, gas bottle”, barbecue grill To put up a tent™ (<4 to take down), to zip up (€ to unzip) w ig task Write a postcard to send home from your camping holiday 5) Kertésckeds perme ek rercblye > féregirt Fre lépi tik 'Sbokor, eerie isvény, utacska pad WspbkOKit emigkimd szemetestada > casa homoko76 hinta 2 mérleghint ki ® sirkinytcreget bijeskavik urs isko: ® hakanes hatiesik 35 vishathan kabst menedékhir heey! kunyhs + megesodil 4 coerkésafis 51 Savorid sukhaté habszivacs matrac #felfajhats matrac S zseblémpa Szpalack 113‘Ie "biciktiseuha 2 bukosisak Served dayeres ‘Kerékpar horminy- 9 vadészengedely "spomfegyver magasles "a6 als "veri a nyomokat "4 esapdaaejt 'Shaloval befog "Shongészat "Thorgésebot 'Shorgiseesinée esa otiz6tltke Dyes stock 3 furdéoade 2langyos Sheugrk jaja magit a SPENDING TIME: OUTDOOI AND TAKING IN FRESHAIR Speal * Describe the scene in the picture * Are the hikers well-equipped? + Is anything missing? And is there anything that is not so important? * Is this how you and your g0 hiking? Cycling Equipment Cycling gear, crash helmet?, kneepads*, a bike with 18 gears Frame, saddle', handlebar’, brake lever, wheel, spare tyre, spokes, chain, front and rear mudguard’, bicycle light, speedometer, bicycle pump, steel / safety lock, water bottle, saddle bag What cyclists do To ride a bike, to get on / to mount a bike, to get off, to pedal, to change gear, to brake, to have a puncture, to push, to lean the bike against a tree Hunting Hunter (huntsman, huntswoman), shooting licence®, sporting gun / rifle”, hunting / sporting dog / hound What hunters do To hunt from a raised stand", to aim / to take aim from an aiming position", to shoot at a deer, to follow a track / trail / hoofprints", to trap'* small animals, to net! rabbits Angling / catching fish'* Rowing / fishing boat, fishing rod”, fishing line", hook, net, bait, float?” To go fishing, to catch fish, salmon, trout, carp etc. At the swimming pool, leisure centre, spa”! and mineral baths People: swimming instructor’, lifesaver / lifeguard / pool attendant’, Teamer-swimmer®, bathers ['beidaz)** Facilities Locker”, changing cubicle ['kju:bikal]*, swimming pool with artificial waves, starting bloc! hing line, solarium, sauna, massage, physiotherapy What swimmers do To change™ to put on your swimwear (swimming dress, swimming trunks"), swimming cap and goggles, to take a hot, cold or lukewarm” shower, to go swimming, to jump, dive or plunge" into the pool, to soak™ in the water, to Float on one’s back, to use the sauna and the solarium ® See —> page 9410 ‘Gt ot 2 vonal Sbeszeree “iva a biztostést $ becsomagol vimolds hevindorlis 1 imniranyitkorat elvimoliat 116 ING ON HOLIDAY iil Preparations to make before travelling et ima To ake plas fox: tic oumnnoce i winter Holidays) 40 go U6'a Havel ageney / baad stop p to leaf through holiday brochures, to consult guides, to decide on your destination! aad route / itinerary? eeicarch; To book a holiday, to make hotel reservations, to buy / to book a single or return ticket Stave | to obtain’ a valid passport and entry visas, to take out insurance, to change money, i to get travellers’ cheques, bankcards ho To pack / to do the packing’, to take a lightweight suitcase, a backpack / rucksack, get av hand luggage with a nametag’, a (shoulder, travel, camera, sports) bag yexplo ymeet ¢ ‘What to take with you see th Travel documents, « video-recorder / camcorder, a (digital) camera, rolls? of film, 9 stroll | guidebook, a map, a phrase book, a pocket dictionary Pp (Light, comfortable) clothing, walking shoes, sandals, a raincoat, a sun hat, get lor sunglasses, swimwear, a cream with a high sun protection factor A toilet bag with toiletries [‘toilatriz], a first-aid kit (bandage, plaster, scissors), ote aa sewing kit ['souin 'kit], a torch, snacks and drinks for the way Ways of travelling <> See» pages 103, 108, 109 Jhes a Alternative ways of travelling Hitch-hiking / thumbing lif, car-sharing, travelling on camelback, on horseback | Theo \2 SPEAKING a Describe the scene in the picture © What do you see as the main advantages of this form of travelling? Is it always fast and safe though? pla * What is your personal opinion of this form of transport? Have you heard other young people’s accounts of choosing this form of travelling? (<2 Discussion What alternative ways of travelling have you tried or would you like to try? * What sort of experience could you get if you cycle, hitchhike or walk to your destination? Do you think alternative ways are more dangerous than traditional ones? Why? Border crossing, passport and customs control What travellers do To present one’s passport, to go through customs? and immigration", to fill in a customs form / declaration", to declare"? goods ("Have you anything to declare?”), to pay customs duty on certain goods, to smuggle in goodsACCOMMODATION ) What immigration officers and customs officers do To stop people at the border crossing station!, to check / control passport and visas, fomake sure you are not an illegal immigrant, to see if entry, transit, work and student visas are valid? or have expired?, to stamp passports, to inspect’ travellers” lu to search’ suspicious bag io wave people through zage, and individuals, to charge customs duty, What holidaymakers do To get away from one’s daily routine, to relax (relaxation), to put one’s feet up To explore new places, to lear foreign cultures, to try sg new / different to meet different people, to gather memorable /' unforgettable experiences To see the sights, to go on a sightseeing trip, on a guided tour of the city to soll through the streets, to visit / to go to see the museums, places of interest, to take pictures and slides, to make a vid to get lost o recording, to check / to consult the map, to lose one’s way Quotations from famous people “When preparing to travel, lay out all your clothes. and all your money. Then take half the clothes and twice the money. Susan Heller For my part, [ travel not to go anywhere but to go. I travel for travel's sake. The great affair is to move. Robert Louis Stevenson is he who gs and even then, he sits down a lot of the Tourists don't know where they've been, travelers don't know where they're Colette Paul Theroux reat talkers will not travel far together. Spanish P Selected from: http:/tripsource.com/himliquotes.hum Explain what these quotations mean for you. C) ACCOMMODATION Organisers Travel agent, travel agency / bureau, tourist guide, tour operator® Types of accommodation Hotels, hostels’, camp sites, bed and breakfast (= B and B), guest houses / boarding houses‘, holiday homes, rented cottages, villas, self-catering? flats Hotels Types of hotels Five-star, four-star, three-star, luxury / quality hotel, a hotel in a chain family-run hotel, tourist hotel, local hotel, seafront / seaside hotel group. Rooms and suites" e or double room with a bathroom, an en suite [on ‘switt] bathroom, a room with a double bed or twin bed, a family, honeymoon suite a room with air-conditioning, a room with a balcony, with a fantastic view, a safe telephone, satellite television, mini-bar Hotel facilities! Hotel lobby / lounge room-service, wake-up call Breakfast only, half board'? or full board! restaurant, dining room, bar, souvenir shops, news-stand, pool, gymnasium, hairdresser’s, car hire, ample parking, tra all-inclusive ' nardtket6-tlomas Mejia, aavizsgl, stkatat slik vendéghz, panzié *énelats tlyok 4 szalloda 1718 * fporuis 2 partis SKifuteit, Hil srloban leet S hejelentkeik ey szilloba kijlentkezik rendezi a szimlit k ACCOM ION y People working at a hotel Hotel manager, chief receptio barman / bartender, barmaid st!, doorm bellboy’, room waiter, cleaner, What hotel guests do ‘To book / to reserve your accommodation in advance, to confirm the reservation, to cancel one’s reservation, to pay / transfer a deposit® To check in at a hotel* at the reception (desk), to fill in the registration form, to stay at a hotel (D not ive!), to use the hotel’s facilities, to call up room servic, to leave the key at the reception, to check out (of a hotel)*, to ask for the hotel bill, to settle one’s bill? Hostels Student hostel, youth hostel with bunk beds*, workers” hostel An alternative form of accommodation WHAT IS HOME EXCHANGE TRAVEL? illite Home exchange is an arrangement everything in between — the choice is ‘where you live in someone else’s home yours. Since the first time it became while they live in yours. An exchange popular in the 1960s, the concept has can be made anywhere in the world, for _ gained global acceptance and is growing any mutually agreed period of time. at a rate of 20 per cent annually. Over From a long weekend at a nearby beach 2 million people world-wide are expected to a summer in a Swiss farmhouse and to be house-swapping by the year 2010, WHY HOME EXCHANGE? Seles Culture, comfort, and cost are the three someone’s home, you come away with Cs of primary importance that bring a truer, richer experience. Live like the people back to home exchange time locals and enjoy all the comforts of and time again, No matter how well home away from home. Its not unheard the tour guide or travel book describes _ of to be personally escorted to the local a place, the real picture can only be market or invited to attend a traditional seen from your “own” backyard. While wedding by a friendly neighbour. Can't visiting another country as a guest in beat that. YOU CANT BEAT THE PRICE Sia ‘The dollars and cents reason is easy to you with additional savings on rentals figure out; you don't pay a penny for and boarding. With the savings on) your accommodation. Very often the accommodation, you might even opt to exchange reaches beyond dwellings to travel to more exotic locations for a include cars and/or pet care, rewarding longer period. Adapted from: http:liwww.mybackyard.comicurrent!193pI.him Answer the questions What does the author offer altematives to? * How long has this arrangement been in existence? * What are three of its main advantages? Why is the author talking about local markets and weddings? In addition to the basic service, what else may be offered”“The manager hat we will room and bath Young employee: “I can give you beta ‘aroom, but I'm afraid you'll have to but you'l have to take take your own bath.” = 24 SPEAKING * Describe the scene in the picture, * What is the guest’s problem? * Do you think he can prove that the hotel is responsible for the * Is this a good hotel? What facilities does it offer? * If you had your choice, where would you like to stay on your holiday? * Where would you like to spend your honeymoon? * In your opinion, what is the best form of accommodation for a three-day professional conference? © As a university student, would you rather stay at a student hostel or in a privately rented flat? What are your reasons? D) SIGHTSEEING IN HUNGARY Some sights to see in Budapest In Buda The Castle District, the Royal Palace, Matthias Church, Fishermen’s Bastion, Holy Trinity Square, the National Széchényi Library, the Citadel and Liberation Monumen Connecting the two parts The Danube, the Buda and the Pest Embankment, the Chain Bridge, Liberty Bridge Margaret Bridge, Margaret Island, Palatinus Baths, the Game Reserve, the Water Tower and the Centenary MonumentMacsarok 2 mérfldkivek Shatirks, korszak- allots esemeny rugdalizs 35 ah Keresldbas %*fehémemd P bugyi metas harisnyanadrég harisnya 4 alsonadrég “als tks “ meneti kabst “4 Kapucni *Smeleg, bolyhos sportkabsit 6 mandzseta © gallér “esa ruhaszegély repszae "gars mags nyak FASHIONS AND CLOTHES Materials, fabries!, fibres? Natural fibres: cotton, wool, tweed, silk, linen’, denim, velvet’, corduroy ['ka:dgoroi] / cord Natural materials: leather, fur Man-made materials: synthetic or half-synthetic fibres, polyester, rubber Patterns Plain’, patterned, striped! [straipt], pin-striped?, checked”, tartan", spotted'?, dotted’, polka-dotted', flower-patterned / floral cloth Ladies? wear Full dress, (short, long, tight, straight, pleated) skirt, blouse, top, (two-piece) suit" jacket", cardigan, twin-set, leotard ['lizata:d)", leggings!® evening dress”, shawl", night dress / nightie", dressing gown”, bikini, swimming dress Men's wear (Three-piece) suit”, trousers / pants (US), braces™, waistcoat, jacket", bow tie [’bou 'taiP”, tuxedo [tak'sizdou}, pyjamas, swimming trunks® Unisex outfits ‘T-shirt, sweatshirt, pullover / jumper / sweater, cardigan, (tight, baggy, stonewashed) jeans, shorts, jogging suit / tracksuit, scarf (pl. scarves), gloves, hat, cap, beret ["berei]®, heimet™ Baby clothes Playsuit™, bootees®, one-piece jersey suit™, snow suit™® Underwear’ For women: knickers” / panties (US), bra", body, tights®, stockings", socks For men: underpants", boxer shorts, vest® / undershirt (US), socks “Linen” is an old word for “underwear”. It is used in the phrase “Don’t wash your diny linen in public.” Coats Overcoat, fur coat, raincoat, trench coat, jacket, anorak with a hood, fleece Parts of clothes Pockets, short and long sleeves, shirt cuff, collar {‘kola}”, zip [zip] fastener, button, belt with a buckle’, hem of the dress, Velcro fastener™, V-neck, polo neck", turtle neck®™ Idioms with clothes. Can you guess the missing words? Translate the idioms into your own langauge. &— 1. You need to tighten your . now that your salary is less than it was. 2. I cannot place myself in someone else's 3. Who wears the in your family? You or your wife? |. IF the fits, wear it. . Cut your to your cloth. . Let’s have a last drink, a night before going to bed. . Don’t wash your dirty in public. . Where does the pinch? . Looking at their work, I take my off. White workers do office jobs, while blue are employed in industry. ‘The words you need: cap (twice), coat, collar (twice), linen, shoes, belt, trousers, shoe, hat( FASHIONS AND CLOTHES ) YMA, | entree on shrping: imam 9 Jokes & | Sélesman: Sonn vinden.” “10 } # 2 ysomes S| seman: “Sony at you hay ; 2 ZA AT (Us te desing room eto the wishes my Teenage girl ou shopping: “Ud like noo: "My dad says Ne We to try on that one over the ( Teenage rors year her elses 1 {mother Saleswoman: “Sorry, dear, That's cars longer” ———— about three Y¢% Mum to Dad: “Have you noticed the latest this Dad: “Yes. Girls, n boys” clothes?” D sweaxine: Describe what the people in the pictures are weari Do you consider the four people to be well-dressed? Why? Pick some items that you particularly like or dislike, Whose hairstyle is closest to yours? Do you follow fashions? To what extent are you fashion c How would you describe a well-dressed person? What size are you? What size are your shoes? Describe your favourite casual clothes. Describe a piece you have recently bought. What would you like to buy next? What are your favourite accessories? ‘Are your ears pierced? What do you think of body piercing’?SHOPPING at shoppers do 0 shopping / to do the (or some) shopping, to go /to do (some) window shoppin, fg 0n a shopping spree, to make a shopping list fo through the barrier, the turstile?, to take and to push a shopping trolley, fnke a product off the counter, to check the date of production and the expiry date, fbok for bargains’, to get a sample! of goods, to try on clothes, to stand in queue, to place the goods on the moving belt he cash desk, to pay in cash, in euros, to take the change ay by credit cards, cheque, bank card, to ask for a proper receipt [ri'sist to get a refund’, to buy sth on hire purchase (HP), bay in monthly instalments [in'st bs to do with prices rs charge / set prices for their goods, raise them / put them up or lower / cut them, fes drop / fall / g0 down or change, rise / go up and rocket / shoot up ge" from... to... dollars, euros B> See also —> pages 138 - 139 ‘ost or expense half price, price list, price war, price cut, price-conscious [‘prais konfas| tive!?, cost of living, additional / extra cost, cost savings’ ical expenses", travel expenses, deducting'® expenses jonal shops (US: stores) eal, rye) bread, French stick, bread rolls, croissant Swiss roll!’, doughnut [dounat]', cream cake", scon: br sugar, salt, spices, tins, preserves, oil, vinegar, biscuits (biskits], tea, coffee, Bi, canned food, rice, pasta?!, cereal 'sirial, com flakes, baking powder, wine mgrocer’s bles, juice, herbs and spices’ page 45 i pork, beef, veal", chicken, turkey, goose [gu:s], duck, cold cuts, sausage bacon, minced meat: e, cheese spread, cottage cheese, low-fat yoghurt [‘jogat], butter Blcence / liquor store (US) Btolic drinks, wine, beer, spirits, non-alcoholic / soft drinks, fruit juice water, ice cubes: W's / drugstore, pharmacy kine, tablets, pills, ointments™, creams, toothpaste, first-aid kit See n spérol, megtakarit avi résetfizetés zikik "ered 4 grou "2 ouséghatgho "3 joltséa meptakartés Mepészségigyi kinds "7 ekvairs piskéta in "> kreme*folyoirat 2 nepyedéves iad. vany Sharkcs-szerszimok Sesavarok Firs fires Smadeag " joukonyssgt *fogadsireda ® sora, seok hevdsldkocst 45 pénztér ceri "penctrsep "Sidra Wreslettiztés honor sess 21 imamate 22 koe dru SHOPPING y Newsagent's Newspapers, daily papers / dailies, magazines, journals ['dga:nalz}', quarterlies {kwa:talizP Hardware shop DIY [ditai'wai] tools?, tool box, hammer, nails', screws’, screwdriver, drill, saw’, rope, string’, candles, wax’, grease"? B® See page (60) Other shops Tobacconist’s, bookshop, florist’, hairdresser’s, tailor’s, dry-cleaner’s, watchmaker's, charity shop!", second-hand shop, betting shop! Advantages of small shops: personal service, convenient location ‘Match the products and the quantities. A bar of string fruit | Abox of eggs | Abunch of spirits | Apiece of ‘coke A jar of : soap A packet of milk Aloaf of toothpaste \ Atin of cl la i beef ‘Traditional British and American units of measurement Length and distance Linch = 2.5 centimetres, 1 foot = 30 cm, 1 yard = 90 em, 1 mile ~ 1.6 kilometre Weight T ounce (oz) = 28 grams, 1 pound = 450 grams, 1 stone = 6.4 kg Volume | pint = 0.6 litres in UK, 0.5 litres in US, 1 gallon = 4.5 litres in UK, 3.8 litres in US ‘Supermarkets, hypermarkets, shopping centres, malls and department stores General Department, section, aisle [ail], gondola [gondalal, shelf (pl. shelves), display counter, sign, price tag, security cameras ‘Shopping trolley", shopping basket, plastic shopping Cash desk / checkout", cashier ['keefia]", cash register Advantages of huge shopping centres Everything under one roof, long opening hours, good choice, special offers, sales", paying in instalments”, free parking facilities [fo'silitiz], home delivery service” Departments in a store or sections in a hypermarket Clothes Ladies’, men’s, children’s wear, underwear, sportswear, accessories, maternity wear, knitwear? <@® See —> pages (126 - 127C________ store y Cosmetics and toiletries Face powder, lipstick, eyeliner, mascara’, soap, toothpaste [tu:Opeist], toilet paper, brushes ® See —> page (98 Household appliances Household machines and de 3, pots, pans D® see > page @ Electric appliances Television, radio, music centre, cassette, video or DVD-player Chinaware, silverware, glassware Plates, cups, jars’, bowls [boulz], glasses, ery CB See —> page (64 Furnishings Furniture, carpets, rugs, cushions, curtains See —> pages 63 - 64 Office supplies and stationery Pens, paper, envelopes, folders', notepads’, paper clips, stick-it notes, stapler [steipla)” ® See —> page 20 Office equipment Computer, PC, notebook, laptop, floppy disk, mouse, mouse pad, monitor, pocket calculator, (mobile) telephone, machine, fax machine, photocopier, (laser) printer, scanner, (licensed) software Photo and video (Digital) camera, rolls of film, video recorder, developing and enlarging photos, photo album DIY (Do it yourself) Hammers, nails, drills, screwdrivers, wire’, plugs’, sockets", paint, polish!’ Other places where you can buy goods At a street, Sunday, art or flea!? market, in a market hall!®, in a boutique [bu at a Christmas, art or antique [zen'tizk] / fair, from a street trader, at a stand / stall, through electronic shopping (online shopping), by mail order, at an auct k), szembiins szompillaesték befits S gémkapoes Svereteh *dugs alt, iakk bolhapiae Scsamok2 speaxine * Describe the scene in the picture. Do you think the couple enjoy shopping here? Why? How would it be possible to make the cashier's job Do you do your own shopping at a similar shop? Why? Where does your family normally do their shopping? Do you prefer large shopping centres or small local shops? © What are their advantages and disadvantages? * Where do you do your Christmas shopping? What type of birthday presents do you like to give and get? Do you spend a lot of money on cosmetics and make-up? If so, what products do you buy? How price-conscious are you? * How do you decide whether to buy son attractive? ething that is not essential but looks C) ADVERTISING Forms of advertising $ sxéesap Classified advertisement, advert, small ad, leaflet', catalogue, 2 6 ugy free sample / gift / freebie, sponsoring a good cause? (sponsorship, a sponsor), ane launching [lo:nt fin] an advertising campaign in a magazine, newspaper, on television, 3 groplakst creating an advertising slogan’, a shop sign’, a poster and a billboard* pacers What an advertising agency does ean ‘An advertising agency helps in placing an advertisement, introducing a brand name, fighting heavy competition, promoting’ a product, building a product image, developing a radio or television commercial, giving your product more publicity® and building PR (public relations)EXERCISES A business advertisement Earn money whi Yes, with an e-business you can be trading 24 hour 365 days a year (366 in a leap year). f solutions depending on your needs, from off-the-shelf products to various appl We offer a complete ra Whatever your business require- iments, whether you sell goods or a Service, we can design a website that Ineets your needs. It's well known that ihe percentage of business carried out iy e-commerce is going to continue to pow, usually at the expense of more fradtional routes to market. Because of itis, more and more businesses are fhving to establish an Internet presence avoid being left behind, sometimes en in direct competition to their own isting retail outlets inswer the questions you sleep! day, ions, After all, if you're going to lose a majority of your business to Internet retailers, it might as well be your e-com- merce websites that take the business And maybe you can take some of your competitors” business as well! There will never again be such a ‘opportunity as this, and those willing face the technological and business challenges are going to have a huge head-start over less forward-looking competitors. What services does this company advertise? What kind of people is the advert intended for? Accordin to this advert, how should we change our attitude to business Piha are their main arguments for choosing their services’ ES exercises Give short answers. What does a label tell you? When something costs you an arm and a leg, you. When somethin What are buttons and zip fasteners used for What do you wear on your hands to keep warm’ What are Wellin; Wi What shape is a bow tie? ston boots made of? at are wallets and purses usually made of What pattern is a cap or skirt made in Scotland? Put the following in order, starting from the smallest unit and moving towards the largest. Sr Length: Imetre 1 foot lL yard ~— Tmile Linch 1 kilometre Istone lounce 1 L M Ss I pound 1 tonne XL XXL 133EXERCISES © Find the odd one out. Explain how it is different, &—r chic smart well-dressed elegant scruffy denim velvet crimson rubber cord pyjamas night dress. dressing gown evening dress_—_ slippers shorts bikini flip-flops straw hat pearls socks tights beret stockings boots © What are the missing words? &—* 1. Now that I have put on some weight, I seem to have grown ny jeans are too them, my mother any more: she is too old for it. 2. Pink doesn’t 3. Sport shoes and suits do not with each other. 4, These boots are size. They are t00 small. 5. Does my new top my mini skirt? I am not sure. © For and against e(lectronic) commerce. Talk back and give counter-arguments, E.g.: Yes, itis true that I don’t have to leave home, but going into a shop, touching and sme essential part of buying something. ig the goods is Advantages of e-commerce _[ Advantages of traditional ways of shopping] PP ASS PR EP EP Eg You don’t have to leave home and fight traffic. A large market and a wide selection [is open to you. You don’t have to meet rude shop assistants, | You can compare many prices from different retailers. You can do your shoppi a day, seven days a week g 24 hours You don’t have t0 pay for running the shop and paying sales assistants. © Guess the missing words. The first letters are given for you. 8+ Stylishly Stingy’s letter to Sharon’s column Dear Sharon, ‘My mother told me never to buy anything inexpensive becuse © (0 dothes are shoddy. Unfortunately, J don't have the monay 9 used to have since a change of careers. However, J still need to reasonabyf ____ i. Help! —— ae 134( EXERCISES, f, Daer Seplihly stingy, Thave to agree with your mom, but not completely. Surprised? Inexpensive clothing, for the most part, but not alionys, lacks the \ 4 (3) of & betterpriced 4 (#). Nevertheless, you donit have tos (5) the money you done have, Live telling you to shop intelligently Natural fibres lke cotton and. some w- (6) ave often very good. even if they have a cheaper price t. (2) om them. ‘But be very careful of ¢. (2). White is usually OK, but typically the buttons and the sewing are ofp. ©) ali pe cotton T-shirts are probably as good. as their counterparts with | (10) labels. Also, ‘with most lightweight woollew : (11) you cannot detect the price. of navy, green, or purple rather than. a full black. Wher, co-ordinating “Blacks” make sure that they all w (13), since different the (14) of black do not go t (15) | i Wher sshed, cheaper black as Ifyou want to get a tailored piece, you hau to go to a quality chain or be rely 1 pt tne xpling yur ct (16) and (17) shops fr your suits and (18) | Ay final piece of advice: ntresting 4 (19) like scarves send blts will giv you an orginal ins (20) lookAt i i2 VARIOUS SERVICES Perret ee Ae $ = post office, postman, parcel, letter, stamp, envelope, address, post code, parcels counter, exchange counter, pay-in counter, 136 post-office savings counter, telephone box (kiosk), call box, post office box, letter scales, accounting machine, to stand in a queue, to inquire, to fill in a form, to stamp, to send money, to sign, to register a letter, to deliver a letter, to make a phone call AAAAAASSSOS66000000$ QTES QSEFAE SESBERS SS(Canine nrniove eat Y Services provided by the state and other providers ~ Telephone, postal, banking, financial, police services, army service, information technolog ~ Essential servic : the supply of water, gas and electricity and disposal of se red (gas, electricity and water meter?) ~ The Civil Service’: civil servants are all the employees working for the govemment from high-ranking! ministry officials [o'fifalz] to local postmen ~ The Diplomatic Service and the secret services ~ Fire fighting and other emergency* services: fire brigade / fire department (US), firemen / fire fighters (US medics*, life guards Emergency equipment: fire extinguisher ['faia ik'stingwifa)’, fire engine’, oxygen mask, stretcher, buoy [boi]! life belt", lifeboat ~ The health, medical and ambulance service, social servic A) MAKING A PHONE CALL What you do You have to look up the number (country code, area code and subscriber's number) in a (phone / telephone) directory or ring directory enquiries [di'rektari in'kwaiariz]"", pick up the receiver, wait for the dialling tone", dial! and make a call / ring / call / phone sy / give sy a'ring If you don’t know the extension'®, the operator will put you through'® or you punch / tap it through”. If necessary, you can leave a message on the answering machine, When you finish, you hang up / put down the receiver" Possible problems There is no telephone booth”, the telephone is out of order, your telephone card has run out, you have no coins or a card to insert [in'sa:t}" in a public pay phone the line is busy / engaged, itis the wrong number, you are cut off in the middle of a conversation. Telephone language Here are some set phrases that are worth memorising. Are they more likely to be said by the caller (C), the telephone operator (0), the secretary (S), the business partner (P) or may be said by any of them (A)? ~ Good moming, this is ___ calling from Germany 4 I'd like to speak to Mr/Ms____, ple ~ I'd like to leave a message for ~ Hold on. Just a moment, please. I'll put you through, ~ I'm sorry, the line’s busy / engaged this is the wrong number. 4 I'm afraid she’s not in the office today. Would you like to call back later? ~ I'm afraid he’s away on business. Can I take a message? 4 Can she call you back when she gets in? I'l give her the message as soon as possible. ~ I'm calling about ~ I'm returning your call % I'll get back to you on that ~ Can we fix an appointment? Does Thursday suit you? ~ Let me check my diary. ~ Sorry, I didn’t catch that. What was your name again, please? Could you speak more slowly, please? ~ Could you spell that for me, please? & Thanks for your help. I look forward to hearing from you soon, © Thank you. Bye. You're welcome. Bye. Ne. ®kzalkalmazetak 6 Katisziisel6k kara 4 magas rang clits _alkalmazotok Weolt herendezés * idaolikoes ° hoedigy 6a 2hadakors big hang Smetek *eapest "7a megadot tress utasiisok jel ot fthee s7etkapesot rmegszakadt a vonal 137“eragaszt, lexi 2 ajinlva 2 giposta esomagok Squats Sidvieiap "rirvényes SA6ESIKO? Skesepéne ° aps, fmpéne \Ppapirpsn base 138 ( AT THE POST OFFICE | Good Mobile Phone Manners Today's groundbreaking technology, the mobile phone, has already taken day- dreaming out of our lives. Having to negotiate this technology in a foreign language makes matters even more challenging. How should one start such a call? How can you, on the other hand, shake off an unwanted caller? What do you do ‘when your phone is ringing while you are talking to people? First_of all, treat all your calls mobile numbers as_ interruptions | CSorry to bother you"), and clear a space before you hit them on the ‘head with your info (“Do you have | a moment?”), Answer the following questions: © Give a short summary of the artic Adapted from: hup:/)wwwwhaudevice.comiwhatdeviceleditorcollee_archdetjsp?col_no From the other side, there are more than.a few ways in English to turn away inopportune callers (“I'm afraid I'l hhave to call you back later”). When explaining your situation, there are some set phrases 10 show’ your good intentions (“Sorry to be getting back so late”). When you are in a meeting or ‘at work, you might wish to tell your business partner to feel free about answering his mobile phone (“Please, go ahead”). Finally, for that daily unavoidable interruption, it's a good idea to clear it with your companions before you pick up the call (“Excuse me”), and apologize to them (“Sorry”) after you've done the deed. ¢ in your own words, © What does it mean that “the mobile phone has already taken daydreaming out of our lives"? © Who are “inopportune callers? What should we do about them? © When is it advisable to say “Excuse me” and “Sorry”? B) AT THE POST OFFICE Sending a letter You need an envelope with postage stamps, put the addressee’s and sender's exact address, complete with their postal code / zip code (US) on it, seal! it and send it registered®, by airmail’, or ordinary mail. Other postal services Sending parcels, packages* and faxes, money transfer’, sales of postcards and eeting cards? C) MONEY MATTERS ‘Synonyms for money Dosh / dough [dao] (slang), legal tender (formal)’, cash’, cheque, coin’? and banknote", sum / amount!" A quid (= pound), a fiver (= a five-pound note), a tenner (= a ten-pound note), “p" (= pence, e.g, 50p) Abuck, a greenback (= a dollar), a nickel (= a 5-cent coin), a dime (=a ten-cent coin), a quarter (= a 25 cent coin) ‘Aceuro, a hundred cents\ ‘The money you earn and receive Pay, salary, wages (paid weekly for physical work), income, bonus (for good work)!, commission (calculated as a percentage of goods sold), royalty (paid to artists, inventors and owners of intellectual property"), pension (paid to old people), pocket money, student’s grant, unemployment benefit / dole (infinl)’, childcare benefit®, language, housing, family, travel allowance”, interest (on money deposited in a bank)*, dividend (on shares and bonds), severance [sevarans] pay / a golden handshake (infml)"° What you do with your money What is generally positive for you To receive, to collect, to earn, to make, to raise (for a purpose)!', to take out from the bank, to deposit / 0 put money in a bank, to withdraw money from an account, to invest into sg (investment), to repay a debi (det] (debt repayment or debt servicing"), to refund [ri:'fand])", to lend (to sy), to donate (donation"), to win (on the lottery), to change / to exchange, to subsidise (subsidy)'S, to inherit [in'herit] (inheritance'®) What is generally negative for you To owe, to lose (D not loose!) (loss!”), to waste, to throw away'*, to borrow (borrowing). to deduct (deduction"), to be short of money (shortage™), to run out of money completely”, to launder (I>:nda] money (money laundering”) © You always spend on sg, pay for sg, give money 10 sy for sg. You can pay for something In forint, in euro, in foreign currency. in sterling, in cash®, by cheque, by credit card, by bank transfer, in instalments, on hire-purchase®* Synonyms for cheap and expensive ® You buy or sel! something ar a certain price. (not on or for!) Ata good price, at a high price, at a bargain / reduced? / cut / sales?” price, at retail , at wholesale price” Cheap Good value", value for money”, a bargain [ba:gin}", a special offer, a discount [diskaunt]™, reasonable", affordable™, inexpensive, worth its price, low-priced, int-cheap (infil) Expensive Costly", pricey (infm!), overpriced”, excessive / prohibitive (pra‘hibitiv]® “Itis beyond your means.”*! “It costs you a fortune.” “It costs him an arm and a leg.” (infml)® “We have to pay through the nose.” (infml) <® Also see —> page 129 What a bank does for you To keep your account, to do your day-to-day banking, to transfer mone; to give you a bank card / credit card with a PIN number, to pay your bills to send you a monthly statement*, to pay interest on your deposit (at a certain rate*”), to offer you credit, loans, a mortgage”, to sell foreign currency and travellers’ cheques, to charge you for the services and for your overdraft * (when you are in the red*!) 2 * premium 2 utah pelle tlajdon * honoriium, jogs munkanetkil segély ai péitek "Kamat 9 oath Wvéghielégiés cteremt "ads vissafizetés seolgat " visszatéit 4 adomdny * segelyents *eraksés P vesatesée > hidny ejesen kilogy penzbol 2 penzmosis Bkésepénaben 2 részetekben hitelben, reset Vasilis esokkentet 2 kidrusitéson 2 iskereskedelimi ™ onkoitsés * nagykereske M mogeri az rt Ri6 vetel Satkalm vétet “Kivi esik #2 egy vagyonba irerat™ # srimlit veret *Shitelkénya havi kira _elszammolis seézalék, rita $8 pankkdlessin * jelzdlogkolesin Sotutkoltekezss SVartovik, minuseba‘2 MONEY MATTERS 2 seeaxine © What are the main sources of your family’s income? * What banking services does your family use? * Have you ever taken out a loan? © Are there any dangers in buying goods © What financial services are good value * Have you every paid in any other form on credit? for money, and which ones are not? than cash? * How do you decide if a piece of clothing or any other item is worth its price? Here are some proverbs and sayings about money, Each one has a missing word. Without looking at the list, first try to guess what they might be. 8 is money. P 3, Money doesn’t 4. Look after the | 5. In fora penny, in for a 6. Money makes | 7. | 8. Chariy | Words: money, pound, penn i2 SPEAKING come, easy on trees. and the pounds look after themselves. —________ g0 round. cannot be choosers. at home. ime, go, grow, begins, time, the world, beggars © Think of situations where you could naturally use the above proverbs. © To what extent do you agree with the truths expressed in these proverbs? | Three reader's letters about services in Hungary | LETTER ONE | Having recently moved to Budapest to work, T encountered a very strange | practice: My salary is paid monthly into a Hungarian bank. en I went to | withdraw the cash, I found I didn’t have | the amount that was actually paid in. T was ch 1% to withdraw my | own money that I had worked hard for. “verter Two | Over the several years I have lived in Hungary, a disturbing number of pack- ‘ages and letters sent from abroad through the post have failed to arrive. Birthday presents, cards and more recently books and DVDs have also been lost. | Getting assistance from the Posta is | a joke, as they will state that it is only the sending post office that can trace How can a bank charge you for the privilege of withdrawing your salary, after you have already paid tax? Talways thought you might actualy gain interest on money in your current account. ‘The prospect of putting it under the mattress now seems more appealing. the missing item. This is true to some extent, but they can only verify that the item was put on the plane bound for Hungary. With Hungary's EU_ membership, the Posta should lear that customer service includes ensuring that your clients’ packages actually reach their destination." LETTER THREE In today’s age of reality TV prog- rammes, watching people go about their daily business has become a popular form of entertainment the world over. Why, I ask, are there not more speed cameras and closed circuit television networks in operation around the city? Surely, if the local authorities were to install ‘cameras, the number of traffic related offences and petty thefts would fall dramatically. This may even free Answer the following questions about the three readers: Whit are the three readers complai What improvements are they sug; How would you descrit neutral, optimistic or pessimistic about possible ch up some of the time officers spend catching motorists. Te may be another good idea to make a TY programme showcasing the worst examples of bad driving, embarrassing some so much that they would never dare get behind the wheel again. They may even be forced to retake their driving tes, if they actually passed one in the first place. This is the kind of reality TV that serves a public purpose. Adapted from hip://www.budapestsun.comd ng about? Give one-sentence summaries. ¢ each writer’s tone? For example, objective, subjective, nge, humorous, sarcastic, angry, annoyed, hostile or sympathetic towards Hungary’? Give examples to justify your opinion, ‘Write a letter of apology on behalf of one these unpleasant incidents may their service. of the organisations, explaining why have happened, and describing plans for improving D) INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY: COMPUTER: Installing software You boot up your computer, insert a blank disk, a CD-ROM, sele: the menus, type, edit, name (or rename), form: S AND THE INTERNET aan option from print out and save a document, close the windows and close down or restart the computer. You cut and paste!, you click on the icons, scroll down, position the cursor, hold down, e and click right or left on the mouse. address, Your address: teszten@freemail.hu ['testa ‘a D speaxine Describe the scene in the picture Is this a familiar scene to you? What do you use the Internet for? What other functions do you think the Internet will have? Describe some of the things you most frequently do on your computer. Do you think it is natural and acceptable that the global language of information technology is English? Think of more IT words and phrases: does Hut the English phrases? thengine (e.g. Google), type in the website click on a link, browse and surf the net. wt ‘frismeil ‘dot ‘eit ‘ju:] ian use 42 1412 “rendéesés rendérok 2 seolglati don jéré rene 3irbe Fnyomors Scvil us Srendor 7 rend6rfndk S rendérieligyels spss rendGeowrta ldo a bain jaro "8 gekutat 'Sbizonytek "8 Vallomés "ujjlenyomat 'S kihallgat gyanistott *Jetartztat 24 sisak svrby eeéay Soa 5 jeleméktelen, Fssoet 2 fiatalkori ? asettolvaj Srablé poziisval valé visszalés Shamistés csempese Kabioszer Kereskeds 38 ysis entegets nas vents Mikasa (ph. repl6gép) eens emberabls 1 gyikos © sorozatgyitkos ® gyujtogaté POLICE WORK AND FIGHT RINE, E) POLICE WORK AND FIGHTING CRIME. ® “Police” is a word that you always use in the plural. People in the police force Officer on the beat, police patrol’, detective, investigator’, plain-clothes / undercover® policeman + uniformed policeman, police constable®, police chief / chief constable”, police inspector® “The police have arrived” ‘Synonyms for policeman Police officer (neutral word to replace “policeman” and “policewoman”), cop (infil), bobby (= English policeman), police troops? (@ always in plural!) What the police do ‘They fight crime", patrol [pa'troul] the streets", control trafic, make police enquiries! protect people, chase" criminals, search" an area, gather evidence"? (@ no plural!) take statements", take fingerprints”, interview [intavju:] / interrogate'* suspects ['saspakts}}” and arrest® criminals. A police officer wears a uniform, a helmet, a police badge®, may have a service pistol, a signal disc® and a police car with a siren ['sairan}**. jinals and their deeds Petty €> serious crime, violent < non-violent crime, international, organised, white-collar, juvenile ['d3u:vonail}*, political, drug-related, sexual crime Crime Criminal To commit crime 1. Taking other people's property theft thief (pl. thieves) to steal, to snatch, shoplifting shoplifter to shoplift (and the verbs above) pickpocketing pickpocket?” to pick somebody's pocket robbery robber’* to rob a bank burglary burglar? to burgle a house tax evasion tax evader"® to evade paying taxes 2. Abusing" one’s position abuse [a'bju:s] abuser to abuse [2'bju:z] forgery [‘fardsari] forger"* to forge a document smuggling smuggler”! to smuggle goods into a country drug trafficking drug trafficker™* bribery briber’s to bribe [braib] a criminal blackmailing blackmailer"* to blackmail an official for favours drink driving drunken driver” _to drive under the influence of alcohol embezzlement embezzler"* to embezzle [im'bezal] large sums of money corruption corrupt person 3. Violent crimes hooliganism (football) hooligan, to fight and break things in a noisy manner vandalism. vandal terrorism terrorist hijacking hijacker” to hijack a plane or a bus kidnapping kidnapper to kidnap a millionaire murder / homicide murderer"! to murder serial killing serial killer® to kill a number of people arson f'azson] —_arsonist** to set fire to propertyPOLICE WORK AND FIGHTING CRIM To commit a crime or offence’, to try to escape / run away / get away with it to be /to get arrested, to be charged with / to be accused of a crime* To be tried for committing a crime (trial), to give testimony’ to produce an alibi [libai], to interrogate [in'terageit] the witnesses, to pass a sentence / a verdict® Accriminal is found guilty’ or not guilty / innocent, is convicted of* ... / is sentenced to ... / receives prison sentence, life sentence, death sentence, is released. To go to prison / to be imprisoned or sent to prison, to appeal? (an appeal) against the conviction, to serve one’s prison term!” People in a court of law Defendant", judge, the defence / a defence lawyer, the prosecution (lawyer)!?, witness, jury Bank holdup © Tell the story of this bank holdup in your own words. © Describe three different types of recently committed crimes, based on a daily paper or news broadcast. Give as many of the details as you can, * What do you think the most serious financial crimes are? * How do you feel about capital punishment? © For the sake of crime prevention, do you think the police should be stricter or, on the contrary, less so? fis. Saee On an island in the South Pacific there are no taxes, cars, bicycles, unemployment, burglary, hooliganism, beggars, jazz bands, folk singers, radio, television or inhabitants. ‘2 lveasée 2megissza dat emel S tingyalis Stanivallomésttesz Sette 2 fllebbez jot a banc idejt * ado agyese¥igurtds,rovidre vais Pherakis 3 fest $ dauer Shesz Shajesat hajesavard, hajstt6vas Shororva kere enessk Mativiny "Siavets elonivis nagyités Fak kifakalt PolGatersk 2 seats szolgiltatisok 2 gondnokok 2 hirtonsigi Srbk ® sreméiszalitok 144 He was a fair cop Last week, I discovered that traffic cops are ‘g00d people. For years, I'd eyed them sus- piciously, hitting the brakes as I passed their flashing lights, grimacing as some fellow ‘motorist got a ticket. Then, on Tuesday, 1 found myself lying injured in the middle of afield, looking up ata blue sky, a traffic policeman by my side, telling me I'd be all, ‘ight. It is at moments like this, when I'm utterly helpless, that I remember why I love society so much. The policemen, the nurses, the doctors ~ these are the people who help us atthe times of our greatest need, The cop saw me on to the ambulance and into our often praised and often cursed National Health Service. | ended up in a slightly rundown and far from spotlessly clean hospital, where Answer the following questions: * What happened to the journalist? SERVICES WE USE IN OUR DAILY LIVES however, I was looked after in a. superb ‘manner. The care couldn’t have been betier~ they even tried out their new CT sean on me. Given how much of the nurses” shifts ‘are spent inserting catheters into the bladders of the elderly, their vocation and sense of ‘duty is beyond me. It’s hard not to get the impression that many doctors and nurses will operate in any conditions, which means that we will always be cared for. ‘The reason the NHS is such a hot political issue is that each of us, deep down, ‘knows that one day we'll need it. We may find ourselves inside _an_under-financed hospital, either complaining, oF too old 10 lunderstand what is happening. By Ruaridh Nicoll (The Observer, Sunday July 20, 2013) © Who was the first official person to help Ruaridh? What did he do? * How did thi icident change Ruaridh’s thinking? © What is Ruaridh’s general opinion about medical staffs? * What conclusion does Ruaridh draw about the British National Health Service? © What kind of “ticket” is Ruaridh referring to in line 5? F) OTHER SERVICES WE USE IN OUR DAILY LIVES At the hairdresser’s beauty salon, hairdressing salon) and at the barber's You can have your hair shampooed / washed, cut, trimmed (trimming), set (setting), coloured, dyed?, permed {pa:md] (perm*) and blow-dried* Tools Haircutting scissors, comb, brush, hair clip®, curler’, drier, razor’, mirror At the optician’s You can have your eyes and eyesight tested / checked, buy or order reading glasses / spectacles, frames*, sunglasses, cont: At the photo shop ct lenses. ‘You can buy films, cameras, camera cases, video cameras, lenses", aan exposure meter", flash'?, batter printing paper, slide projector's s!°,a tripod [traipod]"*, photo album, Photographers can have their films developed (development'®), pictures enlarged enlargement"), copied and printed. At the drycleaner’s and the self-service launderette / laundromat (US) ‘You can have your [Iotndad] and your faded"* clothes dyed. Other providers of general services Garage, movers”, delivery services, caretakers*!, security officers / guards street cleaners** rubbish collectors lothes, carpets, curtains cleaned, washed or launderedC sacs Ne @ Fill in the missing words. 8+ 1. The hospital is organising an event to money for new equipment 2. She never knew how rich her grandfather had been until she __ millions after his death, 3, In Europe, you no longer need to your currency in every country. 4. Millionaires often _ large sums of money to universities and other good causes. 5. They then a certain part of it from their tax. 6. Itis the government's job to___ health eare and education 7. Some shady businesses are set up only for __ illegally earned money. @ Fina the odd one out. Explain why it does not fit. @r Leut dye perm set clean develop enlarge copy print dye brigade extinguisher engine stretcher fighter register stamp addressee zipcode sender theft robber smuggler arsonist drunken driver © Put the adjectives in order. Start with the ‘cheapest’ and finish with the ‘most expensive’. good value, overpriced, a bargain, a rip-off, dirt-cheap, reasonable, affordable, costly, excessive / prohibitive, it costs you an arm and a leg © What are the sums whose definitions are given? &—* 1. The support you receive from the state or the university, while you are a student, 2. The money the state pays mothers with young children. 3. The sum a salesman receives depending on his turnover. 4, The sum a writer is paid when his works are published. 5. The percentage you are paid on the sums you keep in a bank. © Match words in A with a words in B. Then give a translation for each (There may be more than one option. E.g. bank card and bank statemen bank A registered greeting sewage post water dialling pay post travel foreign search pass B stamp statement code disposal tone currency phone card allowance letter’ meter engine sentence inals? + © What are the crimes being defined? And who are the cri 1. Stealing from a shop. Driving under the influence of alcohol Setting something on fire. Unless given money, promising to give away some secret information. Damaging people's property. Producing fake money and documents Breaking into a house and taking things from there. Not paying the state as much as one should on the basis of one’s income.42 ls NATURE AND OUR ENVIRONMENT landscape, countryside, slope, glacier, mountain pass, firewood, field, the country, wooden bridge, cave, woods, forest, bushes, to go fishing / angling / rowing boat, reeds, pebbles, brook, stream, sky, sun, clouds, cycling / hiking, stones, illside, valley, village, church tower, to bathe, to breed sheep, rocks, rock wall, church bell, spire, clock, to milk cows, ‘mountain peak / summit, half-timbered house, to cultivate landPIT) ae (| : 5 ¥ K L_ ( THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE EARTH ‘© “Nature” is an uncountable noun. So don’t say eretek kimenni. a természetbe.” would be like leaving the big city behind.” “the nature”, but say “nature” instead. ce going to the countryside” or A) THE SOLAR SYSTEM AND THE EARTH The Universe and the Solar System ‘The Solar System consists of a central star, the Sun and the bodies that orbit it, These bodies include nine planets and their 61 known moons, asteroids, ‘comets, and meteoroids. Most of the planets fall into two groups: four small rocky planets near the Sun (Mercury, Venus, Earth and Mars) and four planets further out, the gas giants (Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus and Neptune). Pluto belongs to neither group but is very small, solid and icy. Itis the outermost planet, except when it passes briefly inside Neptune's orbit. Answer the questions: * What are the nine planets? © What are their categories? © What is the asteroid belt? Between the rocky plants and gas giants is the asteroid belt, which contains thousands of chunks of rock orbiting the Sun. Most of the bodies in the Solar ‘System move around the Sun, while all the planets orbit the Sun in the same direction (anticlockwise when viewed from above). All but Venus, Uranus and Pluto also spin about their axes in this direction. Moons also spin as they, in tum, orbit their planets. The entire Solar System orbits the centre of our galaxy, the Milky Way. low are Venus, Uranus and Pluto different from the other planets? * What do most bodies have in common? Finish the sentence about grammar. Be careful when using the definite article. With the names of planets, you don't However, you say the Moon, the ‘The Earth ‘The South Pole', the North Pole, the Equator’, the $ Hemisphere? Points of the compass North, South, East and West © Adjectives: and the zs wuthern and the Northern © northern [na:an}, southern [sadan}, eastern [i:stan}, western, but * northerly wind {no:ali), southerly [sadalil, easterly and westerly direction © A train or ship is northbound, southbound, eastbound or westbound. * Certain geographical points are northernmos westernmost. southernmost, easternmost or © Answering the question “where”: in and fo the north, south, east, west but north, south, east, west of (not from!) Budapest. Continents and some of their di Europe (Central-Eastern Europe, Scandinavia, the Baltic), Asia (Southe jons (D Note the use of rhe in some cases) Yestern Europe, Northern Europe, Asia), Africa (North Africa, the Sahara, Sub-Saharan Africa), ‘America (North and South America), Australia, the Antarctic, the Arctic48 putts 2lydtorkolat 5 kanyargés + avargs Shegyrowilat “ gerine rmoredek S fenséges ®kopse " vesaélyeztetett * Kipusett "2 kébor Bas ( ‘THE ANIMAL KINGDOM ) Countries (D Note the use of rhe in multiple-word names) Hungary, aly, Germany, the European Union, the UK, the USA, the Republic of Hungary Exceptions: the Netherlands, the Sudan, the Yemen Oceans, seas, rivers and other waters (D Note the use of rhe in all cases) Oceans ‘The Ps ic Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, the Indian Ocean, Seas ‘The Mediterranean [medite'reinion] Sea, the Black Sea, the Marble Sea, the Baltic ['bo:ltik] Sea, the Red Sea, ete. ‘The sea may be calm, smooth [smu:d] or choppy! and rough. Rivers ‘The Thames [temz], the Danube, the Tisza, the Seine, the Rhine, the Nile, the Ganges [geendsizz]. the Yangce, the Vitava, the Volga, the Yellow River, the Mississippi, ete A river has a source, riverbed, valley, river delta, and estuary ['est fuaril? or river mouth. Waterways ‘The Suez Canal ['suiz ko'na:l], the Panama Canal, the Straits of Gibraltar, the Gulf of Mexico, the Niagara Waterfalls, the (English) Channel, The Gulf Stream, the North Equatorial Current, etc. Waters are deep, shallow, still, fast-flowing, slow-moving, wide, narrow, winding [waindin), turbulent ['ta:bjulont Lakes (@ Note there is no the with lakes) Lake Garda, Lake Baikal, Lake Balaton, Lake Erie Islands and peninsulas (® Note the use of the in of structures) Csepel Island, Margaret Island, the Isle of Wight, the Island of Madagaskar, the Dingle Peninsula (Ireland) Mountains and mountain peaks (@ Note the use of she for mount but not for the names of mountains or hills.) ‘The Alps, the Himalayas, the Ural Mountains, the Carpathians (ka:'peidjanz], the High Tatras, he Andes [‘endi:z], Gellért Hill, Mount Everest, Mount Etna, Mount Fuji, Mount Kilimanjaro, Ben Nevis, Snowdon in ranges, Mountains form ranges®, ridges® and chains; they are high, steep”, dramatic, majestic’, snow-covered or bare.? @ For more vocabulary see —> page 146 B) THE ANIMAL KINGDOM. Kinds of animals Cold-blooded, warm-blooded, dangerous, endangered [in'deind3ad}"°, extinet!", wild, exotic [ig'zotik], 200, forest, land, domestic, farm, stray'?, tame, live [laiv}® Synonyms Creature {kri:tfo] (a large or a mythical animal), beast (a wild animal), pet, our four-legged [fatlegid] friends( THE ANIMAL KINGDOM ) eS ‘Think of as many animals as you can, categorising them according to ‘Small Medium-size i ee e.g. guinea pis eg. wolf e.g. buffato Mammals! Wott/pl woWves} on / ones polar beat What wild and domestic animals do To feed their young, to breed? (breeding, thoroughbred), to follow instincts’, to mate’, to graze’, to herd / flock together®, to hibernate’, to shed their coat, to attack, to bite, to scratch’, to trample down'” flowers, to hide You keep, look after, tame" (tamer), train! (tra hunt (hunter), trap (trapper), catch wild animals. Animal noises dogs bark, yap" igs grunt / oink sheeps, goats bl horses neigh {nei} mice squeak” Srogs, crows croak? birds’ chirp, sing, twitter®* growl [grou] / go baa? snort?! Young animals &— Match the baby in line A to the adult animal in line B. A (foal cats. miaow, purr’, tigers, lions, bears. growl, roar”, how! (haul]!* cows moo geese honk chickens, hens, parrots, monkeys. chatter" snakes hiss, spit insects buzz / hus Groups of animals and their masters A herd of catle, cows, elephants, iner), raise domestic animals, (Goekting) (Puppy) (a) (Pieter) sheep) . pigs — a herd of common people A flock of birds", flock of sheep —> the priest’s flock: to flock to a place” A school / shoal of fish, dolphins, whales A swarm of bee: People looking after herds ants, butterflies — to swarm with life" : shepherd, herdsman / cowboy’ swineherd®* A pack” of dogs, hounds [haundz}, wolves, jackals > a pack of thieves, a pack of nons se, a pack of lies “emigsake 2 szaporodik Sengedelmeskedik az osztincinek “falkaiban él / eoporba vr 7 eli dlmot alszik Seah temol etarol, eltapos | megszelidit idomit Sesahol Moro Sderot ato "aval pena = Sayer 2 flrkas, prs sen 2 Korkodcsol, karat pleiykakodik 2srekes, kéroe pkod,priszk fu, sziszes esiripel * nimi, 3 gulya, esorda, onda, ménes, ny 3 madara) 2 (birka)nys ®csapatban tu a S nytasbs ly Skondés snszedett hhazugsigok 14943 ‘seuka 2 anyajuh 3esédox.apamén hance Sitény rka Sesser sunir Sszarvasbika ° searvastchén "Ohakkeeske Nesée "2 karmok repul beg 'Skotozik "ragadors madér " sélyom heja 2 golya 2 eeske 2 olib Spiva pity Shariadaileges eink, cinege 86 sraka vanesbegy THE ANIMAL KINGDOM Male and female animals tomcat — pussy cat dog — bitch' sheep ~ ewe (ju: bull — cow stallion’ — mare* fox = vixen’ k —hen drake® — duck goose — gander” — lioness tiger — tigress stag’ — hind [haind]* billy-goat"” —nanny-goat (she-goat) pigeon —pigeon-hen turkey — turkey-hen © Inother cases, you normally say a “he” and a “she” or a “he-elephant” and a“she-elephant | Camivores The order includes cats, dogs, bears, However, some members of the racoons, pandas, weasels, hyenas, etc. order, bears, badgers and foxes, for ‘The order's name derives from the fact example, have a more mixed diet, thal most of is members are carnivores sla peace a toons or flesh-eaters. Typical camivore features eating, notably pandas, eee ee ee ee ie ‘sence 9 tid ol er bea te reser es Boies hein. nt seals tong feet Ban moles of mam ‘adapted 10) Answer the questions. * What is the difference between carnivores and herbivores? * Give as many examples as you can of carnivores. * How are pandas different? © What kinds of sea creatures are mentioned in the text? Why? Birds A bird has wings, feathers, a beak, claws"? and a tail, What birds do To fly, to soar”, to flock together", to build nests, to lay eg: ef swallow hawk Some birds of prey'® ‘Ow! [aul], falcon [fo:lkan}", eagle", hawk’? to migrate [mai'greit]* Some birds of passage | migratory birds Stork®, swallow*!, goose, duck Some flightless birds Ostrich, penguin, turkey, chicken, emu [izmju:] Some exotic birds Canary [ko'neari}, humming bird, parrot, peacock”? Some song bird Finch®, wagtail® tit, thrush”, magpie", robin®, blackbirdFish ‘A fish has fishbone, fins!, scales? and gills (gilz)’. © Fishes means different kinds of fish. E.p. I have caught a lot of fish (not fishes!) “opty ‘There are freshwater! and salt-water fishes?, 4 édesvizi hal Stenger hal Some freshwater fishes ® ponty Carp’, catfish’, trout’, pike’, perch'®, eel"! * pisetxing Some salt-water fishes oo Tina, salmon (seman ards [adidiza psicd plep]?; shark wie Other creatures {{krist foz] in the sea fen Sponge, jellyfish, starfish", crab”, shrimp!*, octopus"? Maas Amphibians [wm ibionz)”” Senge sill tengei rk ‘peal gael ik Reptiles?" Lizard, crocodile, alligator, turtle, tortoise ['to1 Zick Bexspok tor potrob " hiszik > miszik Sesip 3 talakulis Insects Aifelett rovar *hangya thorax ‘An insect has an antenna [zen'tena] (pl. antennae)", compound ey ['8otrceks}, abdomen ['zebdomon}*, wings, hairy legs, a larva (pl. larvae) and eggs. so sie ¥ dongs What insects do M oly. 6 To creep”, to craw! (creepy-crawlies (infml)), to fly, to bite®, to sting’, to attack darars A butterfly metamorphoses (noun: metamorphosis") from an egg to a larva (caterpillar), then to a pupa (chrysalis)", and finally to an imago [i’ma:gou}* (adult). Some insects ‘Ant’, fly, mosquito, ladybird, butterfly, stag-beetle®, bumble bee”, moth™, wasp [wosp]}”43 152 ‘THE ANIMAL KINGDOM SPEAKING omen © Describe the scene “Total ar in the picture. slobal ¥ © What are your favourite P animals? at © Who used to take you — to the zoo? © What do you think of the idea of keeping animals in 2008? ‘Try to guess the “nature” words. If you need some help, the words are given at the bottom, 1 i ugar eS a ) 1. You are taking on too much risk. Don’t put all your sin one basket. | 2. He is the one to take the 's share of the housework. 3. One doesn’t make summer. 4. Just look at his company! Birds of a flock together. 5. Stop it now. You are drinking like a ; 6. He is always very quiet and withdrawn, You know, still s run deep. 7. Uncle Tom is very old, I think he’s as old as the s 8. Jack and Jill broke up last month. You can take it from the s mouth. 9. We have had a glimpse of the of the iceberg. The rest is still uncovered, 10. The address the police had turned out to be nothing more than a red 11. Is there a way out at all? We are between the and the deep blue sea. 12. If you go into such tiny details, you cannot see the for the trees, 13. We went to see my aunt on her birthday, so we killed two birds with one 14, Thave seen Paris from a 's eye view only. | 15. Before exams I usually have s in my stomach. p | Words: | Ee bird butterfly devil egg feather __fish_—herring hill ei horse tion stone swallow tip, »—water_ woodC) NATURAL PHENOMENA AND NATURAL DISASTERS Some natural phenomena (© sin : phenomenon) Total and partial solar and lunar eclipse [i'klips]', high tide® and low tide’, global warming, greenhouse effect (42 < Discussion Do you think natural disasters are strongly related to human activity? * Give your arguments for and against. Then read the following excerpt about early | The Special Winter of 1817 | The winter of 1817 was notable for its | cold and dense fogs. It came at the end | of a succession of bitterly hard seasons, | beginning with the Great Frost of 1813-14 when the Thames froze over | and the last of the river fairs took place, with whole oxen roasted on the ice. | This was before the demolition of old | London Bridge had increased the flow | of the Thames, after which ice formed | tess rapidly. | Delegates travelling to the Congress of Vienna that earlier winter had suf- fered miserably from the extraordinary ‘cold, men’s moustaches freezing as hard as rapiers as they sat imprisoned in their carriages, their windowpanes never ‘thawing out enough to show them the desolate landscape through which they were passing. It is thought that both the | fogs and the heavy haze which charac- terised the early. nineteenth century climate stemmed from the fall-out from a series of volcanic eruptions. ‘The worst of these came in April 1815 from Mount Tamboro in the East Indies, the effects of which persisted over much of the northern hemisphere, reaching a peak in 1816. The resultant haze of stratospheric dust caused ‘unusual optical effects, which may have been one reason for the characteristic cloud formations in Constable's and Tumer’s skies, and particularly for the colours in Turner’s sunsets. .... This fall-out seems also to have been a factor in the ensuing series of exceptionally cold and wet summers resulting in ruined harvests, with a consequent rise in the price of bread, which added to the distress of the immediate post-war years. Average summer temperatures in 1816, for example, fell to 56 degrees Fahrenheit, the lowest since the little ice age of the late seventeenth century. That year had been the worst year of all, and was talked of as ‘the year without a summer’, with fires burning on London hearths right through what should have been the warmest months. The cold even influenced fashion, compelling a return to more modest high-necked winter wear for women. From: Penelope Hughes-Hallett: The Immortal Dinner. Penguin, 2001. Answer the questions: * Using your own words, describe the weather in the winter of 1817. ® What happened to old London Bridge, when, and what were its consequet © What was the connection between London weather and the East Indies? * How cold it when it is 56 degrees Fahrenheit? © Who are Constable and Turner, and why are they mentioned? © What does the writer say about the change in women’s fashions? Natural disasters, Flood {flad, fire, famine’, drought [draut}*, earthquake / tremor, tidal wave”, EI Nino, volcanic eruption’ and lava flow’, landslide", avalanche [‘sevatazn]"', hurricane, tomado, typhoon, twister" 43 nap és hol _fogyatkoris a Sapa *aradis, vie Séhinsée asedly, sdirazsig chullém 5 vutkdnkitces *tévafolyam FSidesuszamlss avina "2 fangs‘2 “itakoltais, _itelepigs dozatok Sd * pases Allatallomény a joszdgok * jarvanyok ®menckiltck "ot van zieva Gtelmiszer liming "2 mentsosztagok (NATURAL PHENOMENA AND NATURAL DISASTERS When natural disasters hit an area, they cause pain, suffering, evacuation! loss of life (casualties), a lot of d: of livestock ['laivstok} and settlements, and other infectious diseases. ees? leave their land and homes, injured people are hospitals get cut off" First aid, food supplies" and emergency / re Describe the scenes in the pictures. Where do you think the pictures were taken? Which is the disaster that you most fear? Why? What do you t! helped you in L They are caused by the motion of “tectonic plates” — individual sections that make up the Earth’s surface like panels on a football Immense strain accumulates along “fault lines” where adjacent plates meet. When the rock separating the plates give way, sudden “seismic” ground-shaking movement occurs, 2, ‘Warm and cool airstreams collide. A rotating area of low pressure storm Clouds form. Air within a low pressure front rises, creating a strong upward draught like a vacuum cleaner, This draws in surrounding warm air from ground level, causing it to spin faster and faster. ‘These strong air currents can create a vor- tex —a spiralling funnel of wind — that can reach speeds of 300mph. Where the funnel touches the ground, it ‘creates a path of concentrated destruction, rarely more than 250m across. Adapted from: htp.!!www:bbe.co.ukisciencethottopicsinaturaldisasters/volcanoes simi e} (@ no plural!) to and destruction* food shortages’, starvation’, epidemics! I, settlement vue teams" are brought in, 1g headings are? Underline the key words that lentifying disasters. 81 3 ‘They can be deadly — particulaly they arrive without warning. Singe ‘more than 30 people have died a5 a di result in Britain alone. Actually, i takes rain than you'd think 10 cloud your ‘A mere four inches of water will ruin carpet. Six inches of fast flowing knock you off your feet, and two feet float your ca 4 Without doubt, their eruptions a ai the most awesome and terifVing i ! in nature Infact, thet untamed des firepower has shaped and influenced ancient cultures from Pompei It's estimated that one in ten ofthe population live within their “dager According. to the Smithsonian In there are. 1511. “active” ones. aft lobe, and many more dormant ons ould recharge a any momentWEATHER AND CLIMATE a as D) WEATHER AND CLIMATE The weather May be fine, nice, good, perfect, ideal for walking or gardening, lovely, glorious, excellent or unpleasant, bad, terible, awful, miserable', nasty*, rough’. “ayomonisigos Kellemetien ‘The sky kellemetlen May be clear, blue, bright, sunny, grey, clouded, overe fullest 2d Sesipis The air May be dry, humid’, pure, stuffy*, warm, hot, cold, chilly”, crisp*, fresh. ‘The wind May be light, warm, strong, stormy, icy, north, east, west, south. ‘The wind gets up, blows and drops. 2airgés *8yiambas Weather reports and forecasts 'cssaés Sumer weather er It is sunny, warm, (boiling) hot, dry with lots of sunshine, high temperatures, eohe a heatwave?, a gentle breeze", showers!’ and thunderstorms (thunder'? and Kemeny lightning"), 2 mls Winter weather Itis (bitterly) cold, chilly or freezing, snowy, with severe gales, heavy snow, hail! and ice, Lakes are frozen overs, roads are icy and slippery"®, and there are icicles ('aisikalz}"” ‘on houses. Autumn weather Itis grey, wet, rainy, stormy, windy, foggy and cloudy with some sunny spells". Spring weather Itis changeable, mild” with bright days, clear skies, or harsh” with (heavy or 1g [parr Climates Tropical, subtropical, desert {'deza:t], Mediterranean, continental or temperate Temperature High, warm, cold, low, minimum, maximum, average, daytime The temperature goes up / increases to ... degrees Fahrenheit, Celsius, drops / falls / goes down to ... degrees 2 soraxine Describe Hungary's climate, weather and related problems. What is your favourite season? Do you like a rainy day? Do you like ice and snow in winter?Here are some proverbs and figurative uses of certain words related to the weather, Can you match them with their meaning? & sremnyezs anyagok 2 anya, alkvrész Selkertive 4 megakadilyoris Sseabilyords 1. It never rains but pours. a) How should I know? '5.Such a bolt from the blue. €) There is too much work to do. 6 Its all a storm in a teacup. ‘D)Atis very popular. 7 Paris has been a hot spot for long. 'g) We shouldn't worry so much about a small problem, ‘8.11am snowed under, 9:1 don’t have the Foggiest idea. ;) all happened very unexpectedly. {) Do everything in its proper time. 10.1/am abit under the weather. | j) There is something good even in a bad situation, E) POLLUTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Pollution is caused by various pollutants! or substances? ite of 2.Make hay while the sun shines. | 6) You should stick to what you have started. * Wh 3. Every cloud has a silver lining. | c) Leave me alone now, talk to me at a better time. 5. i” 4-A rolling stone gathers no moss. | d) Problems usually follow one another. +c Sesokkené Pollution should be monitored (monitoring), avoided", prevented (prevention) oer controlled (control*), reduced (reduction®) / cut / mini imited (limits) and aha stopped. en Pollution standards / laws / regulations are to be introduced and offenders fined”. !Oegyianyagok Environmental issues are analysed (@ analysis, pl. analyses) and tackled by various | ‘mia environmental groups, pressure groups", “the greens”, NGOs (non-governmental a 2 rovarin 13 permeterdsrer organisations), international and national organisations Some toxie water pollutants a Sewage’, chemicals" (c.g. fertilisers", insecticides [in'sektisaidz]" "olajszennyexés _ pesticides [pestisaidz]!®, fungicides (fandsisardz}!*, nitrates {naitreits], 2 ‘Snuklesris hulladék ead [led] and other heavy metals", oil-spill'”, nuclear waste'® BR {Piputogs ge 4 faticki ehals Some toxic air pollutants a Semyenil Dust, smoke, exhaust fumes / gases" of vehicles, diesel smoke (= black carbon vaatomfets pollution), aerosol, asbestos [2es'bestos}, radioactive fallout, sulphur dioxide : 2kéndioxid ['salfo dai'oksaid[®, carbon monoxide”, nitrogen oxides ['naitradgan ‘oksaidz] 5 2eeEyea_ N chemicl vapour [eipa)™ (= smog and acid ain) ; 1 ues Other forms of pollution } fulilorésiarény Noise pollution, atmospheric pollution, industrial pollution, the greenhouse effect, ee *fajok “holes” in the ozone layer, ragweed hilt, kiposault q nda Direct and indirect consequences of pollution a flaniltg Higher mortality rates”, allergy, asthma, breathing problems, endangered prey and disappearing species ['spisfiz ('s: species, pl: species), Yadon 6 nbvények extinct animal and plant species, changing flora and fauna, Silltok 156 destruction of natural habitats", vegetation™, wildlife and climate change43 ¥ megujithats| 2 6iommentes 3 srigctlés 4 védettterdlet 5 Vilig Ordksée * terakods, cethelyerés kids 7 mérgeas * tenet szemet ‘hely XERCIS Environmentally friendly developments and protection measures Use of renewable! sources of energy (e.g. wind power, rivers, tidal waves, thermal water), unleaded [n'tedid}? petrol, recycling of waste material, ‘energy conservation, better insulation’ systems, establishing nature reserves, national parks and World Heritage® areas, cutting down on the use of chemicals, water treatment and better sewage systems, more efficient waste management, a ban on the dumping® of toxic” waste, setting up modern municipal dumps*, introducing stricter measures for environmental protection kad SPEAKING Describe a development in your area that serves the better protection of the environment, How successful is it? 5 exerct @ Fill in the missing words in the definition, 8+ Aln a long dry period when you have no rain at all. Ain an extremely strong and destructive wind in North America. Aln is when slopes of a mountain start moving, destroying everything underneath. Ain is a huge sea wave that may cause a lot of damage to ships and the coast. are the regular movement of the sea, depending on the moon and its eyele. © What can you say? Give five adjectives to describe these parts of Hungary: ‘The Balaton The Matras The Alfold (the Great Plain) Margaret Island The Aggtelek Caves 8 the missing articles (che, @ or nothing) Sr Bulgaria is situated in Southeast Europe and ‘occupies eastem part of Balkan Peninsula, To north it borders on Romania, to west on Republic of Macedonia and Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, to east on Black Sea, to south on Greece and to southeast on Turkey's ropean part. capital of _ country with population of 8.5 million is Sofia, 86.6% of population is Eastem Orthodox 13% are Muslims. Bulgarian Church is headed by Patriarch. One of most majestic of Bulgarian mountains is Rila, with - highest peak Moussala (2,925 m). _______ mountain range has Fi x & A a of of L a( EXERCISES y 219 mountain lakes, over 2,000 plant varieties and rich animal world With more than 2,000 caves still to be explored, Bulgaria’s sub. terranean rock formations and ancient cave paintings will delight and excite more adventurous visitor. There are organised expeditions in Balkan, Pirin and Rhodopi Mountains, and you can rest assured only best equipment and most experienced guides are used. Don't forget to visit National Caving Institute, nestling high above Iskar River, ns. Before matching, cover the right of the table and give your own defini A) A sudden breakout of a volcano, violence or emotions. 1 2. B) An animal that only eats meat. 3, Glacier C) The path followed by a planet as it moves around another planet. 4. Epidemic D) A person killed in a natural disaster, accidi t oF war, 5. Famine £) A serious lack of food in and causing deaths. on, lasting for a long time 6. Beak F) A sudden increase and fast spread in the number of cases of a di 7.Orbit, —G) Ala lowly down a valley. 8. Casualty 1) A narrow passage of water connecting two areas of water 9. Camivore J) An animal that bears live babies and feeds them on milk. 10. Eruption J) The outer part of a bird’s mouth. © Fill in the missing words in the news report. The first letters are given for you. Earthquake hits northern Japan Ane ___ measuring six on the Richter s has shaken northern Japan. However, Japan’s meteorological agency says there are no fears oft w The quake’s e. was located off the c of Kushiro City and 50 kilometres below s L There were no immediate reports of c or property a from the quate. (0310712003 12:06:18 | ABC Radio Australia News ENS = coKEY TO THE TASKS AND EXERCISES. A | THE INDIVIDUAL AND THE FAMILY Proverbs (p. 11) Le 2f 3g, 4h, 5b, 6a, Te, Bj Hd, 1D: A> exercises @ | tele, 2. sunt, 3: great grandmother, 4. in-laws, 5. son-in-law, 6. niece, 7. step-brothers, } 8. godparents, 9. ex 10, step-father | @ 1. bachetor (a man), 2. sibling (not related to weddings), 3. wedding (not an adjective with “family”) =} 4, muscular (a physical feature), 5. moron (not a marital status) K © 1. generous / kind, 2. a miser / stingy / tight-fisted, 3. optimist, 4. a perfectionist, 5. loyal, 6. outgoing / sociable / friendly, 7. open-minded / curious / lively, 8. cruel, 9. shy, 10. genius o @ 1. open-minded: narrow-minded, short-sighted, unintelligent . weak: strong, muscular, powerful, well-built - honest: dishonest, untruthful, insincere . lonely: outgoing, sociable, friendly bright: dim, dumb, slow AD! © |. Christmas Eve, 2. mass, 3. Father Christmas / Santa Claus, 4. chimney, 5. stockings, 6. families, a 7. presents, 8. Christmas dinner, 9, cracker, 10. Boxing Day io 2 EDUCATION AND SCHOOLING a By Six-year-old expelled ...(p. 23) LT. 3.1, 4.7, 5.F, 6.DS, 7.F, 8.DS, 9.DS, 10.T. i ' Find the words ...(p. 23) ‘Troy was a “trouble-maker created a “reign of terror”, “traumatised” and “terrorised” others, He “fought everyone”, “stamped” and “urinated” on others, “scratched” their heads”, “took up a lot of the teacher's time”, “has taken it too far”. Parents were worried and distressed. So he is “expelled”, “excluded”, thrown out”, “suspended” and “placed in a special school”. ‘School subjects (p. 27) Geometry SS Arithmetic PS IT SS, HE ‘Aris and crafis PS, SS Psychology SS,HE | PEPS, SS Academic writing HE | Geology HE Psychoanalysis HE Phonetics HE ——_| Architecture HE PoteryPS Political science HE | Gender studies HE Folk dancing PS Music and singing PS What is the closest Hungarian equivalent of the following? (p. 28) Playschool (UK) = Ovoda kis és k6zéps6 csoport, Junior school (UK) Upper school (UK) = 4 osztélyos gimnazium, Sixth form (UK) = Erettségi eldtti év / fakultéciok Elementary school (US) = Als6 tagozat, High school (US) = Gimndzium utolsé évei Tips for taking exams (p. 29) anxiety, to relax, to skim, invaluable, daydreaming, calm, to skip, multiple choice, to miscalculate, to proofread 160£ EXERCISES © compass, map of the world, triangle, pocket calculator, monolingual dictionary, class r Paper clips ister, @ textbook /course book, workbook, grammar book, vocabulary, dictionary, notebook, reference book, test book, handouts tape recorder, audio and video cassettes, folders @ sif-study, learning to swim, learning to read and write, learning your table manners, religious studies, study old books, learning something by heart, learning difficulties © |. Our English teacher is always sitting — setting very hard tests for us. 2. [passed — took/sat a language exam last week, but I don’t know my results yet 3. OK 4. As a postgraduate student, K. linguistics. 5. What did you do at school today? We wrote a test from —> did a test in biology learnt —> studied phonetics, morphology, general and comparative © 1. Good, 2, Bad, 3. Neutral, 4. Good, 5. Good, 6. Bad, 7. Neutral, 8. Bad, 9, Bad, 10, Neutral 11. Neutral, 12. Bad, 13. Good, 14; Good, 15. Bad (J WORK: OCCUPATIONS, JOBS AND PROFES IONS Applying for a job (p. 38) 1. provide 2. appear, 3. employer, 4. application form, 5. skills, 6. experience, 7. address, 8. present 9. review, 10. relax, I. respond, 12. follow-up. Speaking: Evaluating a job offer (p. 40) 1.B,2.6,3.A,4,D,5.C Spotting the word (p. 40) 1, failure, 2. labour force, 3. pay, earnings, salary, 4. reject, 7 5. permanent, 6. training plan, 7. internship Zz EXERCISES @ 1.PA, secretary, office m 4! weather Forecaster, met 7: ethnographer, anthropolog ager 2. joiner, carpenter, cabinet maker, 3. builder, bricklayer, ist, 5. confectionet, 6. bookkeeper, accountant, neer, 10. interior desig auctioneer, 9. civil e © [Profession Trade Unskilled o se [attomey, surgeon, biochemist, | baker, hater, plumber walter, cleaner, garbage er collector, shop assistant | HR ma Oln, 20 3p 4p Sm 6m 7m 8p @ i. sdvettisement, 2 experience, 3, CV) resume, 4. epplicalipn, 5. jntesviews 6. apyilicants / Conilidaicg, 7. took on / empioyed /chase, 8. director, 9. experience, 10. takes / employs / wants4 4 EATING AND DRINKING AND MAKING MERRY. Proverbs (p. 46) Le, 2f, 3a, 4b, 5.g, 6i, 7h 8d, 9c, 105 What is a healthy diet (p. 47) LEO 2R 368 47, SB A letter about Hungarian cooking (p. 49) hearty, crushed pepper / paprika powder, thicken, fry on low heat, chicken drumsticks, Hungarian cuisine, pasta, on medium low heat id, sauce, ‘An English recipe (p. 51) feloldja az éleszt6t, cipst készit a tésztb6l, ruganyos, helyet hagy a névekedésnek, keleszt, vastag hurkit gytir, kozepes Ling, megforditja és megsiiti a mésik oldalét @ |. eggs, 2. water, 3. bread, 4. cheese, 5. turkey, 6. cake, 7. milk, 8. coffee, 9. ice-cream, 10. meat @ fish and chips, sweet and sour, salt and pepper, bread and butter, quick and easy, meat and two veg, sugar and spice, cup and saucer, bacon and czas 2) like a soup ) like drinks with artificial sweeteners {) like ice-cream a) like meat and vegetables before cooking £) like meat not fried for very long i) Tike tofu, which has no particular flavour h) like dumplings made of flour and potatoes b) full of oil and fat ) like good Indian and Chinese meat dishes «) like coffee with no sugar -d, 2. pray, 3. serve, 4. pass, 5.take, 6. put, 7. swallowed, 8. Burping, 9. Stay, 10. Excuse, 11. finished, 12. touch, 13. placed U HOUSING: LIVING IN THE CITY AND LIVING IN THE COUNTRY i Proverbs (p. 61) Le, 2h, 3a, 4j, 5g, 6i, 7b, Be, Od, 10. Home, Sweet Home (p. 62) Find the words: aroma, to vacuum, to pride, to blow up, blanket, embroidery, dusty, arrange, neat, é take in, floral arrangement, to excuse oneself A> Exerc @ 1. lioness (not a flower), 5. elevator (machinery) @ Step 1. Gather, Step 2. Scrape, Step 3. Wash, Step 4. Fill up, Step 6. Rinse, sparkle, Step 7. Sweep, wipe (down) stable (not a tree), 3. villa (not a tool), 4, repairs (you don’t pay them), a 162KEY TO THE TASKS AND EXERCISES. \y Q (sickness AND HEALTH Figurative uses of words (p. 73) Lh, 2d, 3.e, 4.f, 5g, 6a, 7.1, 8b, %c, 10j 4S Exercises dentist, 2. woman's doctor /gynaecologist, 3. cardiologist rheumatologist / physiotherapist / masseur, 5. psychiatrist / psychologist /neurologist nervous system, 7. skin, 8. circulation / brain 61 4 © 1. appendix, 2. stomach / intestines, 3. blood system / immune system, 4, heart, 5. lungs, 6 1. pain, 2. toothache, 3. ache, 4. pain, 5. painful, 6. painless e1 sick, 2. airsick / seasick, 3. disease, 4. illness, 5. sick-leave, sick / ‘THE ARTS, READING AND THE MEDIA rectors (p. 83) 1. Fellini, 2. Ch, Chaplin, 3. K. Kieslowski, 4, M. Scorcese, 5. A. Hitchcock, 6. A. Kurosawa, 7. W. Allen Figurative uses of words (p. 86) Lf, 2 Ze 4h, Si, 6g, Za, 8b, 9d, 10.5 jews Anchor (p. 89) Find the words: 1. cue, 2. climax, 3. live shot, 4. newsroom, 5. script, 6. to communicate > wxercises 1. playwright, 2. a musician, drummer /I play the guitar, 3. OK, 4. to look up unknown words, 5. director, conductor 1. fringe (theatre), 2. designer (not an 5. standard (not a “theatre” noun) 1 1 i ctor), 3. cast (not a room), 4. shoot (not a theatre word), poet, 2. journalist, 3. sculptor, 4. ceramic artist, 5. biograph 6, margin, chief editor / edito chief, 8. editor, 9. rehearsal, 10. c . shows, 2. performers, actors, 6.1m 3. written, 4, composed, sicians, 7. Design, 8. stage, 9. played, Water polo > Exercises © 1. Hang-gliding (not a winter sport), 2. badminton ball, 3. net (not used in mountaineering), 4. trainer (not a winner), 5. dive (not a football word), 6. plays (not a sports event), 7. fruit (not a component), 8. full (not used with “milk” 9. competitive (not food) © 1. chess, chess player, 2. weightlifting, weightlifter, 3. motor javelin, javelin thrower, 5. springboard diving, diver, 6. cyclit 4, throwing the cyclist, 7. fencing, fencer © running / jogging, stretching, jumping, standing stil, squatting, lying on their backs, doing push-ups 163VEHICLES, PUBLIC TRANSPORT AND TRAFFIC PROBLEMS ‘The Citroen Xsara VTS Coupe (p. 105) Find the words: Adjustable seat, power window, running costs, crash test, suspension, pothole, towing capacity, fuel economy, warranty, rpm (revolutions per minute) Road Signs (p. 107) 4, 8, 1,3,5,6,2, 10, 11, 13, 15, 14,9, 12,7 @ 1. cruise (not a ship), 2. bicycle (two wheel: 5. fining (not a crime) . flight (not a person), 4. bumper (not inside), @ 1- get into, 2. catch / take / hire, 3. depart and land / arrive, 4. get off 5. change @ 1. destination, 2. passengers / people, 3. runs, 4. train, 5. stations / points / places / towns, 6. charge, 7. ticket / journey, 8. queue / line, 9. uniform / jacket, 10. examining / controlling An (U _ BEING OUTDOORS, TRAVELLING Guess the missing words (p. 121) I. restored / renovated / reconstructed, 2. because / as / since, 3. due, 4. made / appointed, 5. under, 6, changes / modifications, 7. style / taste, 8. completed / finished, 9, including, 10. protection éyu s @ | dig (not moving), 2. kite (not for tourists), 3. chemical ( a general word), 4. hunting (not a water spor), 5. canoeing (done in water) © Gyorgy Dézsa— Leader of the 1514 peasant uprising Ferenc Rakéczi — Prince, the leader of the struggle for independence against Austria Maria Theresa | Empress of Austria Lajos Kossuth — Leader of the War of Independence Franz Joseph — Emperor of the Austro-Hungarian Dual Monarchy J6zsef Amall First prime minister of the new multi-pany democracy ‘Arpid Géncz — First president after the politcal changeover of 1990 © 1.B and B, 2. college, school, 3. restaurant, bar, pub, 4. bars, pubs, cellars, clubs, ‘5; museums, galleries 6. sights, monuments, country houses, parks @© 1. cosy, 2. competitive, 3. traditional, 4. fried, 5. soft, 6. fresh, 7. three-course, 8. additional / feel-good, 9. warm, 10. clean, 11. comfortable, 12. Internet, 13. feel-good / additional, 14. vital, 15. cheap, 16. intimate, 17. family, 18. produced, 19. impersonal, 20, unprofessional 4A . | ‘ | FASHIONS, CLOTHES AND YOUR DAILY SHOPPING Idioms with clothes (p. 126) I.belt, 2. shoes, 3. trousers, 4.cap, 5. coat, 6.cap, 7.tinen, 8. shoe, 9. hat, 10. collar Match the products and the quantities (p. 130) A bar of chocolate, a box of matches, a bunch of flowers, a piece of string, a jar of honey, 4 packet of biscuits, a loaf of bread, a tin of sardines, a pound of beef, a bar of soap, a piece of fruit, a bottle of spirits, a tube of toothpaste, a dozen eggs (D no of!), a can of fruit juice, a pint of milk 164 aa a an Fe ee ee Sa ee Th| under ‘sport, nal, EXERCISE @ inch, foot, yard, metre, kilometre, mile ‘gram, ounce, pound, 500 grams, stone, tonne XS, §, M, L, XL, XXI © scruffy (oppost beret (a cap) L tight, out of, 2. suit, 3. go well, 4. the wrong, 5. match 8 s @ |. cheap, 2. fashionable 3. quality, 4. garment, 5. spend, 6. wool, 7. tag, 8. colour, 9. poor, 10, designer, 11. items, 12, fabric, 13. match, 14. shades, i5. together, 16. second-hand, 17. charity, 18. jackets, 19. accessories, 20, stylish rimson (a colour), evening dress (not worn at home), pearls (not a garment), 4 | (, VARIOUS SERVICES Proverbs and sayings about money. (p. 140) 1. Time, 2. go, 3. grow, 4. pennies, 5. pound, 6. the world, 7. beggars, 8. begins £5 Exerc @ 1. mise, 2 inherited, 3. change / exchange, 4. donate, 5. deduct, 6, subsidise, 7, laundering @ 1. clean (not used with hair’), 2. dye (aot used with “ilm’), 3 stretcher (not (not & noun), 5. theft (not a criminal) idjective with ‘fire’), heap —> a bargain —> good value —> reasonable —> affordable > costly —> overpriced / excessive prohibitive, it costs you an arm and a leg —> a rip-off @ |. grant, 2. childcare allowance / benefit, 3. commission, 4, royalty, 5. interest @ registered letter, greeting card, sewage disposal, post code / a leter /a card, water meter / disposal, pay phone, postage stamp, bank statement / card, travel card / allowance, foreign currency / sentence / Stamp / post, search engine, pass a sentence © 1. shoplifting / shoplifter, 2. drink driving / drunken driver, 3. arson / arsonist, 4. blackmail / blackmailer, 5. vandalism / vandal / hooliganism / hooligan, 6. forgery / forger, 7. burglary / burglar, 8. tax evasion / tax evader 42 1} NATURE AND OUR ENVIRONMENT Foal — horse, kitten ~ cat, cub ~ wolf / fox / lion, chick — hen, lamb ~ sheep, calf ~ cow, duckling ~ duck, puppy dog, kid ~ goat, piglet -pig ‘Try to guess the “nature” words. (p. 152) In the right form: 1. eggs, 2. lion’s, 3. swallow, 4. feather, 5. fish, 6. waters, 7.hlls, 8. horse’s, 9. tip, 10. herring, 11. devil, 12. wood, 13. stone, 14. bird, 15. butterflies What do you t 1 ink the missing headings are? (p. 154) rthquakes, 2. Typhoons, 3. Floods, 4. Vole Proverbs and figurative uses of weather words (p. 156) Ld, 2, 3j, 4.b, 5h, 6g, 7.8 Be, 9a, 1c World Development: Put out the Dung Fires (p. 157) LE 26 36 47, 5. 67, 7.7, &F OF 107 Find the English words: sustainable development, contaminated water, Soot, reservoir, dam, dysentry, sanitation services, waste-treatment plantKEY TO THE > Exerc @ drought, hurricane/tomado, landslide, tidal wave, (high and low) tides © Bu ist Europe and occupies the eastem part of the Balkan Peninsula. To the north it borders on Romania, to the west on the Republic of Macedonia and the Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, to the east on the Black Sea, to the south on Greece and to the southeast on Turkey's European part. ‘The capital of the country with a population of 8.5 million is Sofia. 86.6% of the population is Easter Orthodox, 13% are Muslims. The Bulgarian Church is headed by a Patriarch. ‘One of the most majestic Bulgarian mountains is Rila, with the highest peak Moussala (2,925 m). ‘The mountain range has 219 mountain lakes, over 2,000 plant varieties and a rich animal world. With more than 2,000 caves still to be explored, Bulgaria's subterranean rock formations and ancient cave paintings will delight and excite the more adventurous visitor. There are organised expeditions in the Balkan, Pirin and Rhodopi Mountains, and you can rest assured only the best equipment and most experienced guides are used. Don’t forget to visit the National Caving Institute nestling high above the Iskar River. OH, 213645 56 64 7.C, 8D, 9B, 10A © earthquake, scale, tidal tre, coasts, sea level, casualties, damageTo the tublic of TITLES FOR WRITING ESSAYS AND RUNNING DEBATES ‘The best way for a parent to teach is to praise positive actions and ignore negative ones National governments should direct more of their social services to children than to adults, Spending time alone makes one a better companion to others Reality shows on TV have such a strong influence on children that they start identifying more with the families there than with their own Education and schooling ucation is too important to leave to professional educators Both parents and communities must be involved in the local schools All students should take courses in the sciences, even if they have no interest in them ‘Competition for high grades seriously limits the quality of learning at all levels of education Such innovations as video, computers, and the Internet distract from real learning Work: occupations, jobs and professions College students should study subjects that interest them rather than join programs that promise entry into the job market Although it is easy to react positively to another person’s work, itis far more useful to giv feedback |. Eating, drinking and making merry Anyone knows about the ingredients of a dish: The art of cooking is in the herbs and spices 3 food should be banned, as it leads to weight problems, high cholesterol and diabetes Good nutrition is especially important at times of stress Housing: Living in the city and living in the country Governments must offer their major cities all the financial support they need, because it is there that a nation’s cultural traditions are generated and preserved People’s attitudes more by their immedi personal characteristics Architectural design reached its peak during the Renaissance. Therefore, all following generations should take it as a model for building their houses and cities are determi situation and surroundings than by their Sickness and health The surest indicator of a great nation is the general welfare of all its people Society should feel more responsibility for homeless people Smokers should not be allowed to smoke in any public places Irrespective of costs, all citizens should have equal access to liver and heart transplantation [he arts, reading and the media ‘The most effective way to understand culture is to analyze the trends of its youth Everyone should read poetry, novels, mythology and other types of imaginative literature Government should never censor the artistic works that a museum wishes to exhibit High-profile awards such as the Nobel Prize are damaging to society because they suggest that only a few people deserve such recognition Printed books are less important than they once were: People can learn as much by watching television as by reading books 8.A healthy lifestyle and sports Learning to co-operate prepares young people better for leadership than competition Social competition does more good than harm ‘There is too much pressure on children who play organized sports1m FOR WRITING ESSAYS AND RUNNING DEBAT 9. Transportation and traffic in towns © If we want to survive, cars should be banned altogether from all city centers 10. Being outdoors, travelling © To truly understand your own culture requires personal knowledge of at least one other culture that is very different from your own © The primary goal of technological development should be to increase people’s efficiency so that everyone has more leisure time © Tourism will soon become meaningless because information technology enables people to get to know many places that they have never visited 1. Fashions, clothes and your daily shopping * Fashions and the luxuries of modem life prevent us from developing into truly strong and independent people © Creating an appealing image is more important in modern society than is the reality or truth behind it © The way people look, dress and act tells you everything about their attitudes and interests. 12. Various services © With technological development, humans’ ability to think for themselves will decrease * In the words of the old song “Money is the root of all evil” * Crime pays © Every individual in a society has a responsibility to obey just laws and resist unjust laws 13. Nature and our environment © Societies should try to save every plant and animal species, regardless of the cost © Animal testing is unethical and should be outlawed * All nations should help support the development of a global university aimed at engaging students in the process of solving the world’s most burning social problems AZ UJ ERETTSEGIHEZ AJANLJUK MEG: Fehér Judit: Yes Your Exam Success. Coursebook. Kézépszint, CD-melléklettel Fehér Judit: Yes Your Exam Success. Workbook. Kézépszint, CD-melléklettel Magyarics Péter: Angol feladatsorok. Kézépszint Magyaries Péter: Angol feladatsorok. Emelt szint Batar Levente: Angol irasbeli gyakorlatok. Kézépszint. Atdolgozott, bivitett kiadas, CD-melléklettel Batdir Levente: Angol irisbeli gyakorlatok. Emelt szint Réth Néra-Senkér Szilvia—Téth Zita: Angol szdbeli gyakorlatok. Kézépszint Hevesi Katalin—Pusztai Bal Angol szébeli gyakorlatok. Emelt szint Jobbiigy-Katona~Shopland: General Communication Skills and Exercises. UPDATED Jilly Viktor—Nagy Idiké: Last Minute English, Probavizsgak a képemydn, gyakorlatokkal. Kézépszint, szdbeli, DVD-melléklettel Jilly Viktor—Nagy Ildiké: Last Minute English 2. Probavizsgak a képernyén, gyakorlatokkal Emelt szint, sz6beli, DVD-melléklette! 168