) Class: 306 CHIJ KATONG CONVENT END-OF-YEAR EXAMINATIONS 2016 Secondary Three Express CHEMISTRY (WITH SPA) 5073 Duration: 2 hour 15 minutes Class: 308 Additional materials: Optical Answer Sheet READ THESE INSTRUCTIONS FIRST Write your name, registration number and class on all the work you hand in. ‘You may use a soft pena for any diagrams, graphs, tables or rough working, Do not use staples, paper clips, highlighters, gkie or correction fluc! tape. The use of an approved scientific calculator is expected, where appropriate. Section A Answer ail questions. Indicate your answers on the Optical Answer Sheet provided Section B Answer all questions, ‘Write your answers in the spaces provided. Section ¢ Answer all questions, Write your answers in the spaces provided, At the end of the examination, hand in: (2) Optical Answer Sheet; (b) Section A question paper; (6) Section B: 4) Section C separatel —————— s ee ii FOR EXAMINER'S USE INFORMATION FOR CANDIDATES Section A 720 | ‘Tho number of marks is given in brackets [ Jat the end of | Section B 150 each question or part question. = — 5 A copy of the Periodic Table is printed on page 21. Section C / 30 TOTAL, 7100 | i This question paper consists of 21 printed pages(CH Katong Convont Endo Year Brame 2016 Name, Canis (ath SPAY 073, sec 38 ) Class: 306 Section A [20 marks] Answer all the questions in this section, Indicate your answers on the Optical Answer Sheet provided. 1 The rate of diffusion of soluble substances X (M, = 59.5) and Y (M, = 160) in water at 25 °C and 50°C were compared. ‘Which substance would have the fastest rale of diffusion? A B c > solid X at 25 °C solid X at 50°C. solid ¥ at 25°C solid ¥ at 50°C 2 Astudent measured the rate of reaction between calcium carbonate and dilute hydrochloric acid. ‘A graph showing the volume of gas produced against time is shown. volume / om? time/s Which apparatus were used to measure the variables shown on the graph? vea> burette and pipette gas syringe and stopwatch mass balance and gas syringe: pipette and stopwatch(GH Katong Convent EndfYear Exams 2018 Chemistry (wth SPAY Sor eee 3 The diagrams show three methods of collecting gases. ! Il ' " uM Ammonia gas is highly soluble in water and has a low density. Which methods) is! are suitable for collecting ammonia gas? A only Band Il only © and iitoniy D Nonly 4 The boiling point of solid X is 948°C and itis soluble in water. ‘What is the most likely boiling point of water ifit contains a small quantity of X? A 98°C B 102°C Cc M6°C D 950°C. 5 Which set of substances contains an element, a compound and a mixture’? A carbon dioxide, steel, graphite B dryair, tap water, petrol C ethanol, crude ol, ste! D_ iodine, copper, ice 6 Some brown powder is placed in a test tube. Aller waler is added, the lest tube is shaken and the Contents are then filered. A black solid is left on the filter paper. After evaporating the fate, orange crystals are lft behind. What do these observations suggest? ‘The black solid is an elernent, The brown powder is a compound. ‘The brown powder is a mixture. ‘The orange crystals is a mixture, cow(CH Kotong Convert End Year Exams 2016 (Chor (in SPAY 8073, Secs 7 10 “The diagrams show the structures of the atoms of two elements, P and Q. Pp Q Seer ‘What is the relative molecular mass of the compound formed when these twio elements combine? A 2 B40 c 55 D 62 Antimony oxide has the formula SbzOs while sodium phosphate has the formula NasPO., What is the formula of antimony phosphate? A. SbPO« B SbsPO, © SbAPO.)s D SbsPO. ‘The elements L, M and N in the Periodic Table have consecutive increasing atomic numbers. Given element Nis anoble gas, which is the symbol for the ion of element L? AL BL ck How many valence electrons of the atoms are not used in covalent bonding? 6 8 10 12 soap 4 {Turn over(CHI Katona Convent End of. Vear Exam 2018 11 Element X reacts with dilute hydrochloric acid to forma salt and hydrogen gas. Charity (ith SPAY 5073 Which types of bonding are present in element X and the salt produced? ‘ype of bonding element X salt produced x covalent covalent B covalent jonie c metallic covalent D metalic onic Seo 3 12 What is the number of aluminium ions, AP*, present in 0.3 males of aluminium oxide, ALOs? A 148x102 B 36x102 © 54x 102 D 30x10" 13 The table gives information about three indicators. ns pH at which colour nceator colour at pHi 1 eenen colour att 12 congo red blue 5 red phenolphthaein colourless 10 red | thyme blue red 3 yellow Which set of colours would be obtained when each indicator was added separately to distilled water? Zango red phenolphihalein Tymal Bus a blue colourless yellow B blue red red |e] red colourless red BL red____|__catourtess yellow 14 The pH of an aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid is 2. What will be the pH of the acid after the addition of 10g of sodium chloride? A B c D pH4 pH2 oH7 HO 15 Which pair of salts can be prepared using the same method? com> aluminium sulfate and ammonium sulfate barium sulfate and barium chloride calcium nitrate and coppertll) chloride leadi(t) chloride and zine sulfate‘CHIU Katong Convent Endotear Exams 2016 (hemiry (ath SPAY S073 See 36 16 The equation shows the reaction between X(OH). and sulfuric acid. X(OH)a(s) + HeSOx(aq) > XSO.(aq) + 2H:0() Which metal could X be? A barium B calcium © ead D__ magnesium 17 Which statement explains why aluminium is a better conductor of electricity than magnesium? A Auminium has a higher density than magnesium. B_ Aluminium has a higher melting point than magnesium. © Aluminium has more free electrons than the same number of atoms of magnesium. D_Auminium has more mobile ions than the same number of atoms of magnesium. 18 X,Y and Z are motals. Red hot carbon will reduce both the oxides of X and Y but not the oxide of Z, ‘The metal ¥ can remove the oxygen from the oxide of metal X. Which option shows the order of increasing ri ctivity for the three metals? XYZ Nx Nz0(Q) + 2H-0(a) (a) 4.0 g of ammonium nitrate was heated. Calculate the total volume-of gases produced, measured at room temperature and pressure. 2 10 [Turn over(CHU Kotong Convent End of Year Exams 2018, Chas fvah SPAY 5073 e036, 23 (b) Another compound can also be used as a fertiliser. ‘This fertiiser has the following composition by mass. ‘element percentagel % Ca 174 4 17 P 265 oO 547 (i) Calculate the empirical formula of this compound, 3} (Gi) Suggest the formula of the anion present in the fertiliser. fa) (c) Describe how a pure and dry sample of ammonium nitrate crystals can be prepared from aqueous ammonia and dilute nitric acid 6 Total: 12), 4(CHU Katong Coment Endo vear Exams 2016 ‘Chemisty (in SPAY SO7S Sec3 24 Weak acids dissociate according to the generall equation: HASH eA Where HA is the undissociated acid molecule, H" is hydrogen ion and A‘ is the anion from the act. The strength of a weak acid Is determined by the extent of the molecule dissociating. The acid sheen’ cretit (6) measures the strength of an acid in a solution using the following concentration of K = concentration of Hr x Semneanat A Table 24.1 shows the K, values of some common weak acids. Table 24.1 acid — & Tormic acid, HCOOH 7.78 x 10" acetic acid, CHsCOOH 1.74 x 108 lactic acid, CHsCH(OH)COOH. 1.38 x 104 (a) Explain what is meant by a weak acid. 0 (b) Based on the equation given and the information in Table 24.1, stale which of the acids is the ‘weakest. Explain your answer. - 2) {€) Using the kinetic particle theory, state and explain how the K, value of a weak acid changes with temperature. 3) [Totat: 6} R [Turn overCHU Katong Convent End-obYear Exams 2016 (Chemise (uth SPAY 5073, see38 25 Cement comprises a mixture of quicklime, clay, calcium sulfate and other mineral additives. ‘Table 25.1 shows the typical constituents of a type of cement know as Portland cement. Table 25.1 ‘constituents of cement calcium oxide sllicon dioxide sluminium(ti) oxide iron(il) oxide calcium sulfate (@) Workers are advised to wear protective coverings when handling the wet cement to prevent damage to their skin, Using the information given in Table 25.1, suggest the kind of damage that can occur. Explain your answer. Lo} (6) The main raw material used to manufacture Portland cement is timestone. It is ground and heated stronaty in a kiln together with small amounts of other minerals. Explain the purpose of using limestone as a raw material. a (©) (In a naturally occurring process, silicon dioxide reacts with water to form a weak acid called silicic acid, HySiO,; This causes an alkali-siica reaction (ASR) to occur over time in concrete. During the reaction, a crystalline salt, CaH,SiOs, formed from the reaction between silicic acid and the basic cement expands as it absorbs water. This exerts a great outward pressure from the inside of the concrete and causes it to crack, State the name of the alkali involved in the ASR. - (ii) Write a balanced chemical equation, with state symbols, for the formation of the crystalline salt sees (Totat: 6)(CHI Katong Convert Endof Year Exams 2016 Chemisty (vith SPAY 5073 See 38 26 The first ionization energy is defined as the energy required to remove the most loosely bound ‘electron in an atom to form an ion with a +1 charge, Table 26.1 shows the first ionisation energy for the elements in Group |. Table 26.1 [ flement ionigation energy/ MJ mor* | ithium 0.526 sodium 0.502 potassium 0.425 rubidium 0.409 francium 0.382 (a) Describe and explain the trend in the first ionisation energy down Group I (b) Describe the relationship between the first ionisation energy and the reactivity of Group | metals. a {c) Predict the general trend of first ionisation energy for the elements across Period 2. Explain your answer. 3) [Total: 7] 14CHI Katong Conver Ent-t-enr Exams 2018, Chemisty (wah SPAY 2073 See Name: rn Class: 306 Section C [90 marks] Answer all the questions in this section Write your answers on the lined paper provided. 27 (a) Silicon carbide has been mass produced since 1893 for its use in the manufacturing industry. Fig. 27.1 shows pat of the structure of silicon carbide. er silicon <—eatben (Based on the structure shown in Fig. 27.1, state and explain one physical property that allows silicon carbide to be used as ceramic plates in bulletproof vests. 13 i) Prodict the electrical conductivity of silicon carbide. Explain your answer. a 6 [Turn over(GH Katong Convent End-of-Year Exams 2016, Chemisty (ith SPAY 5973 See 3k 27 (b)__ Part of the structure of palladium chloride is shown in Fig, 27.2. © pataduen Ps Q etiene, ct Fig. 27.2 (i) Deduce the empirical formula for paliadium chloride. tt) Using your answer in (b)(), draw a ‘dot and cross’ diagram to show the bonding in palladium chloride. Show only the valence electrons. 2) (ii) Would you expect palladium chloride to have a high or low melting point? Explain your answer. ~ 2 (Total: 10) 46‘CH Katong Convent End-of-Year Exams 2016 Chemistry (wih SPAY 5073 see36 28 (a) The relative atomic mass of magnesium can be determined in the laboratory by finding the volume of hydrogen gas given off when magnesium reacts with hydrochloric acid, Mg + 2HCI-> MgCle + He 0.036 g of magnesium reacts at room temperature and pressure with excess hydrochloric acid to produce 36 om? of hydrogen. ()_ Write the ionic equation for the reaction between magnesium and hydrochloric acid. ~ 1 (i) Show by calculation that the relative atomic mass of magnesium is 24, 2 (b) Magnesium reacts with oxygen in air to produce magnesium oxide. 2Mg + O2-> 2MgO Given thal the yield of the reaction is 65%, calculate the mass of magnesium oxide formed when 12 kg of magnesium burns in excess ait. fal 7 [Turn overCCH Katong Convert End of Year Exams 2016 Cham (uth SPAY 5073 Sec38 28 (¢) Aqueous potassium hydroxide, of concentration 0.150 mol/dm, is added to 25.0 em? of sulfuric ina fiask Fig. 28.1 shows how the pH of the mixture in the flask changes as aqueous potassium hydroxide is added to it. 4 12 pH 0 19 20 30 40 80 volume of potassium hydroxide/om’ Fig. 28.4 (i) Using Fig. 28.1, deduce the volume of aqueous potassium hydroxide required to neutralise 25.0 cm? of sulfuric acid. - 1CHI Katong Cerwent Endo Year Exams 2016 Chemis SPAY 3073, Sees 28 Calculate the concentration of the sulfuric acid used used for the neutralisation reaction, (ii) The experiment was repeated using nitic acid instead of sulfuric acid. ‘Would you expect a change in the volume of aqueous potas: neutralise the nitric acid? Explain your answer. Im hydroxide required to 2) (Total: 10), 29 Aluminium and iron are both pure metals. Iron rust in the presence of oxygen and water. Rusting involves a series of reactions. Initially, iron ators lose electrons to form iron) ions. Fo{s) > Fe®(aq) + 26 Althe same time, oxygen and water molecules react to form hydroxide fons. (0x{g) + 2H:0()) + 4e > 40H (aq) tron(lt) ions then react with hydroxide fons to form solid iron(ll) hydroxide. Finally, the ironi(tt) hydroxide is oxidised to give hydrated iron(l) hydroxide (rust). (@) ()_ Weite the ionic equation for the reaction between iron(ll) ons and hydroxide ions. (1) (i) Explain wity aluminium does not corrode even though it undergoes a series of reactions similar to that of iron when exposed to oxygen and water. [Turn overCCH Katong Conven EndotYear Exams 2016, (Chama (wth SPAY 5073 ‘se03E 29 (b) Table 29.1 shows part of the reactivity series. Table 29.1 relative reactivity zine most reactive iron tin least reactive (Explain how does plating iron with zine or tin prevents it from rusting, (8) - Describe and explain what would happen if an iron object plated with tin is scratched, fi (iil) Describe and explain what would happen if an iron object plated with zine is scratched. - 2 (©) Steel is an alloy of iron and carbon, Describe and explain how changes in the carbon content can affect the strength of steel By [Totat: 10) 20Sec3E Chemist (wih SPAY 5073 CHL Katong Convent End. Year Exams 2048 “(2'12) oimasoid pue exryeseduse) woos e ,tup 42 81 eB Aus Jo @)oU! au0 0 ewnyon suL or z 8 ana ea. soues ploupey go}-06! ‘Sou9s PIOUBLUET 4-05, ani ‘SyUAUIA!S OU3 J BIGe1 D1poHed OULB B A [ 4 [8 [sw c D ja | s. | b> {40. [0 Dp [2 | 8 | 3. [o> [4 [sts |e Daz. fe } 48. [a | 49. |B [20. |e Zia _| Yes, sample U contains two spots at the same position as drugs Y and Z; A; same distance/ R values 2ib | The substances have different solubility in different solvent, 2ie_| Starling ine should be drawn in pencl, Peneil lead is insoluble in water and wil not undergo ‘separationypen ink is soluble in water and will undergo separation; OR Water/soivent level should be below the starting line; To prevent sample spots from dissolving into solvent | would be carried out; | poollsample spots will dissolve into solvent and no separation 2id_| distance travelied by Y= 5.5 em; distance travellad by solvent = 10 cm: | Zia Aloms of the came clement withthe same number af proton = but different number of neutrons; 1 2b —— conte fiarooe A er ce cect numberof protons [ ow electronic configuration Re |S ~ ft Lillie energy needed to overcome the weak intermolecular forces between sulfur molecules; 2adii | No mobile electrons to conduct electricity, 2e | Positive ion Na* and 2, 8; Negative ion | S® and 2, 8, 8; 1 2a | ‘for correctarrangement oF ‘toms 1 for correct arrangement of electrons -Am if wrongimissing key 23a_| No. of mole of ammonium nitrate i No. of mole of gases = 3 x 0.0 | Volume of gases = 0.15 x 2 1 236 oe 1 for mole ratio row = a 1 for simplified ratio ae row 1 for empirical a formula Empirical formula: CaHPs00F Ca(HsPOs)> i formula of anion: HzPO«H«POPPOP; 1 133 | Carry out tiation with aqueous ammonia/add acid to aqueous ammonia using a burette or vice versa with an indicator, 1 Note volume of acid/alkali usedffind the end-point; [1 Repeat experiment without the use of indicator (using same volumes); 1 Heat the resultant solution until saturation; 1 Coo! to allow for crystallisation to take place: 1 | Filter to collect the crystals, wash with a little distilled water and dry between pieces of fiter paper; 1 ‘24a_| Aweak acid is one that is partially ionised in aqueous solution; A partially dissociated in water/solution/solvent 24b | Acetic acid, 7 a thas the lowest K value, suggesting that it has the least Ht ions after dissociation; 1 A: lowest K, value, smallest extent of dissociation 2ae_| As temperature increases, acetic acid molecules gain kinetic energy and dissociate more readily, 1 Concentration of ions increases while concentration of Lundissociated molecules decreases; 1 K, increases; 1 oR‘As temperature decreases, acalic acd molecules lose Kinelia ‘energy and dissociate less readily, Concentration of ions decreases wile concentration of Lundissociated molecules increases; Ky decreases; 35a “The workers can suffer from chemical burns/skin wil be burnt by strong alkali Calcium oxide dissolves readily in water to form calcium hydroxidefa strong alkalis alkaline; ‘Strong alkalis are corrosive; A: skin iritation/ skin will be corroded R: skin will be burnt/ skin infection 2b Limestone is added fo provide calcum oxide Tor the ‘manufacturing of Portland cement; Limestone wil decompose when heated strongly in the kin; Bei Calcium hydroxide; R: calcium oxide ‘Ca(OH{eq) HeSiOu(@q) > CareSiOds)* 24200), 2 (i for correct balanced eqn, 1 for coredt state symbols) First ionisation energy decreases down Group I; Down the group, valence electron is found further away from the nucleus/ valence electron not as strongly attracted to the nucleus; Lesser energy is energy needed to overcome electrostatic forces of attraction between nucleus and valence electrons; 26b AAs first ionisation energy decreases, reaclivily of elements in Group | metals increases; 6c First ionisation energy increases across Period 2; Across the period, nuclear charge increases valence electron is more strongly attracted to the nucleus; More energy is required to overcome these electrostatic forces of attraction; Wai Hard; Silicon carbide has a giant molecular structure in which sificon and carbon atoms are held together by strong covalent bonds; ‘Alot of energy is needed to overcome these strong attractive forces; ‘A: strong, partides instead of atoms R: break’ difficult lo overcome, molecules/ ions instead of atoms“‘imarks will be awarded for explanation only if property stated is high melting and or boiling point Tali ‘Does not conduct electricity mn any state; Allvalence electrons are used in bonding, no mobile electrons, to conduct electricity: ‘A: O conductivty/ poor electrical conductivity! low electrical ‘conductivity A: delocalised electrons R: heat conductivity R: any mention of ions. Diba “Tor each type of ion correctly drawn, ratio must be 1:2 -Am for mmissinghwong key Teil | High mating point 7 ‘Alot of enexgy required to overcome the strong electrostatic | orces of attraction between oppositely charged ions: 1 BBai_| Mg (6) * Flea) > Ma" (aa) * Axo 1 (0 state symbols! ‘wrong'state symbols no mark) 2Baii_ | No. of mole of Hz = 36/24000 = 0.0015 mol —_ — No. of mole of Mg = no. of mole of Hs = 0.0015 mol; 1 ‘Ar of Mg = 0.036/0,0015 = 24 (shown) 1 28b | No. of mole of Mg = 12000/24 = 500 mol - No. of mole of Ma = no, of mole of MgO = 500 mot; 1 Maas of MgO formed = 65 % x 500 x 40 = 13000 g/13kg, | 4 R: mol or 0.5 mol instead of §00 mol Bt [2 ems 7 2Bci | No. of mote of KOH = 0.150 x (24/1000) = 0.0036 mol; 1 (allow ECF) No. of mole of HaSOx = 14 x 0.0036 = 0.0018 mol Cone. of HaSOx = 0.001 8/(25/1000) = 0.072 mol/dm?; 1 ‘Yes, volume of potassium hydroxide required will be lesserfhalved; 238 nitric acid has lesser/ half the amount of H* ions compared to sulfuric acid; 7‘A: 1 mol required for nitric acid but 2 mol required for sulfurie acié ‘A niltic acid and sulfuric acid have different concentration of H" ions (1m only) R: different pit, different strength thus diferent volumes R: sulfuric acid low pH nitric acid higher pH, thus smaller volume needed R: sulfuric acid stronger acid/ nitric acid weaker acid R: different number of mote and concentration Ri niltic acid is @ weak acid 29ai_| Fe*(aq) + 20H (aq) > Fe(OH)AS); 28aii i ‘A: prevents water and oxygen from being exposed to iron Ri air and oxygen 28bi_| The layer of zine or in acts as a barver To Keep oxygen andlor | water away from the iron; obit | Tron will starito rusVcorrode faster than usual; a Iron is more reactive than tn, iron will corrode in place of tinicorrode more readily; Av if faster not mentioned 29bii | Tron wil not st Zinc is more reactive than iron, zine wil corrode in place of ironfcorrode more readily; 29c | As carbon content increases, strength of steal increases; Increase in carbon content resuls in greater disruption to the regular arrangement of the iron atoms; More difficult for atoms to slide past each other when a force is applied; R: strong end malleable to strong but brittle R: harder (question stated strength)