: ADMINISTRATIVE REFORMS OF THE BRITISH IN SUB-CONTINENT

1) LORD CANNING (1856-1862)

Indian council act 1861
Established universities in Calcutta, Mumbai and Madras
Indian penal code became full law of the country
Established High courts
Passed act under which Hindu widows could remarry
Indian Soldiers were bound to serve anywhere inside and outside the country
2) SIR JOHN LAWRENCE (1864-1869)
He initiated development schemes in railway, public health and canals.
Carried relief programme for famine stricken people of Rajputana
Improved sanitation in the towns.
3) LORD MAYO (1869-1872)
He Established Mayo hospital in Lahore
Founded Mayo college in Ajmer
Connected Multan, Calcutta and Delhi through railway network
Increased the importance as port
4) LORD NORTHBROOK (1872-1876)
He carried no significient reforms worthy of mention
His aim was to stop unnecessary legislation
Encouraged industrialization
5) LORD LYTON (1876-1880)
He passed vernacular press Act 1878, which received criticism from Indians
Led the foundation stone of M A O College at Aligarh on 8 january 1877
He did not want the local participants in the civil service.
6) LORD RIPON (1880-1884)
He increased age limit of the candidates for Indian civil service
Introduced Local government system…hence considered father of this system in India.
Introduced educational reforms under HUNTER COMMISSION.
Higher education privatized
Passed factories Act to improve the condition of labour
Inspectors were appointed to inspect factories
Introduced ILBERT BILL 1883, under which local session judges could try the Europeans, hence it
brought the Europeans and the Indians on equal footings
7) LORD DUFFERIN (1884-1888)
Supported the congress
Opened the lower Chenab canal to irrigate the lands of Gujranwala and jhang
Recognized khairpur as a separate district
Karachi,Laahore,Amritsar,Dehli,Mombay and Calcutta were connected through Railways
Karachi was linked to Quetta
Exported wheat to England
Roads were constructed in the hilly areas

8) LORD LANSDOWN (1888-1893)

He sent sir Mortimer as Indian envoy to Kabul and embarked the boundy line between both the
countries called Durand line in 1893
Factory act was passed which limited the working hours for working women
Opened railway bridge on INDUS between Sukkar and Rohri
9) LORD EGLIN (1984-1899)
He levied 3.5% tax on all imports
Excise duty also imposed on the products of Indain mills
He demarcated the pillars border between Iran and Balochistan
10) LORD CURZON (1899-1905)
He took steps in different sectors such as
(a) MILITARY REFORMS
• Withdrew British forces from tribal areas and put the Afridi tribe inchaarge of Khyber pass.
• Appointed special force to check the raids of the tribal people
• Cantonments were established on the border of tribal areas.
(b) Agricultural Reforms
• Appointed inspector general of agriculture
• Constructed upper Chenab canal, upper Jhelum canal and upper bari doab canal.
(c) Railway reforms
• Established railway board of three members and constructed new railway line of about 28150 km.
(d) Police reforms
• Salary of policemen be not less than eight rupees per month
• Increased police force
• Established schools for training of constables
• Passed university Act 1904
• Totally officialized the universities
• New professors and lecturers were appointed at universities
In political field PARTITION OF BENGAL was his great contribution for the benefits of Muslim
population, especially.
11) LORD MINTO (1905-1910)
Tried to crush the movement against partition of Bengal
Minto Morley reforms(separate electorate for the Muslim

12) LORD HORDING (1910-1916)

Annulment of partition of Bengal in 1911
Delhi was declared new capital
Kanpur mosque tragedy, and fired upon Muslim protestors
13) LORD CHELMSFORD (1916-1921)
New reforms in 1919
System of diarchy in the centre was introduced
Rowlet Act passed in 1919
Jalianwala bagh tragedy
Tried to crush the khilafat movement
14) LORD READING (1921-1926)
Arrested Mahatama Gandhi due to his non cooperation movement
Moplas were crushed by government
Rowlet act was repealed
Some seats were reserved for the Indian at the Military college in England
15) LORD IRVIN (1926-1931)
Simon commission visited India
Mathama Gandhi was arrested due to his civil disobedience movement
16) LORD WILLINGDON (1931-1936)
He did not introduce any remarkable reforms except Indian Act 1935
Round Table conferences were held.
Communal award and poona pact granted separate electorates to the depressed and the scheduled
castes
17) LORD LINLITHGO (1936-1944)
1935 Act enforced in full.
Cripps mission under Stafford cripps visited India for granting more constitutional reforms and self
rule
18) LORD WAVELL (1944-1947)
Called simla conference in 1944
Cabinet mission sent to India
19) LORD MOUNTBATTEN (March 1947-August 1947)
3rd june plan of partition
Remained in power as first governor general of India till june 1948