Torus palatinus

A torus palatinus (pl. tori palatini), or palatal torus

Torus palatinus
(pl. palatal tori), is a bony protrusion on the palate.
Palatal tori are usually present on the midline of the
hard palate.[1] Most palatal tori are less than 2 cm in
diameter, but their size can change throughout life.

Contents
Types
Cause An example of palatal torus
Treatment Specialty Oral and maxillofacial surgery
Surgical removal
Prevalence
References
External links

Types
Sometimes, the tori are categorized by their appearance.[1]
Arising as a broad base and a smooth surface, flat tori are located
on the midline of the palate and extend symmetrically to either
side. Spindle tori have a ridge located at their midline. Nodular
tori have multiple bony growths that each have their own base.
Lobular tori have multiple bony growths with a common base.

Cause
Although some research suggest palatal tori to be an autosomal Another example of a torus palatinus
dominant trait, it is generally believed that palatal tori are caused
by several factors.[1] They are more common in early adult life
and can increase in size. In some older people, the size of the tori may decrease due to bone resorption. It
is believed that tori of the lower jaw are the result of local stresses and not due solely to genetic
influences.

Treatment
Palatal tori are usually a clinical finding with no treatment necessary.[2] It is possible for ulcers to form
on the area of the tori due to repeated trauma. Also, the tori may complicate the fabrication of dentures. If
removal of the tori is needed, surgery can be done to reduce the amount of bone present.
Surgical removal
A maxillary torus is only removed in instances where it is problematic. This includes cases where in an
edentulous patient, it extends to the vibrating line, preventing a posterior seal of the denture and posterior
seal at the fovea palatinae. Other indications for removal include frequent trauma to the torus, owing to
its size or the thinness of the mucoperiosteum overlying it, disturbance of speech, and rapid growth in
patients who are cancer-phobic.[3]

Prevalence
Prevalence of palatal tori ranges from 9–60% and are more common than bony growths occurring on the
mandible, known as torus mandibularis. Palatal tori are more common in Asian, Native American and
Inuit populations, and are twice as common in females. In the United States, the prevalence is 20–35% of
the population, with similar findings between black and white people.

References
1. Neville, B.W., D. Damm, C. Allen, J. Bouquot. Oral & Maxillofacial Pathology. Second
edition. 2002. Page 20. ISBN 0-7216-9003-3.
2. Tori Mandibular, Maxillary, and Palatal (https://web.archive.org/web/20060520015755/http://
dentistry.ouhsc.edu/intranet-WEB/Courses/OD8502/tori.html). Study guide for Oral
Pathology students at the University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry.
3. Ebix (2011–2012). Dental Decks. Oakstone. p. 102.

External links
Classification ICD-10: K10.0 (htt D
p://apps.who.int/cla
ssifications/icd10/br
owse/2016/en#/K1
0.0)

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This page was last edited on 19 December 2019, at 11:27 (UTC).

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