Selection of Flooding Patterns

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 Oil Recovery Mechanisms

CONVENTIONAL RECOVERY

PRIMARY
RECOVERY Natural Artificial Lift
Flow (Pump, Gas Lift, etc.)

SECONDARY
RECOVERY Pressure Maintenance
Waterflood
(Water, Gas Reinjection)

EOR

TERTIARY
RECOVERY Thermal Solvent Chemical Other

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◼ peripheral injection pattern

Irregular injection pattern

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◼ peripheral injection pattern

Outside water injection peripheral water injection Inner edge water injection

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◼ peripheral injection pattern

◼ Application condition:
– Small reservoir
– A stable thickness, clear boundaries
– High flow efficiency (stimulated well : skin<0)
◼ Advantage
– low water cut
◼ Disadvantage
– For wells in central position, no obvious effects

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 Areal Pattern Water Drive
◼Regular injection pattern

✓ Square well Pattern

Direct line drive
Five spot
Nine spot/Inverted nine spot
Square seven spot (inverted skewed four spot)
Inverted square seven spot (skewed four spot)

✓ Triangular well pattern

Staggered line drive well pattern
Inverted seven spot (four spot)
Seven spot (inverted four spot)

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 Areal Pattern Water Drive
◼ Classifications

Normal 。。。

“反”×点井网

Inverted 。。。

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 Areal Pattern Water Drive
◼ Regular Injection Patterns
Application:
• irregular reservoir
• flow properties are poor
• complex structure
• demand of high production rate

Characteristics:

• Flexible to various reservoir type

• Have a high production rate

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Areal Pattern Water Drive

parameters：
a: well distance
d: distance between lines of
injectors and producers
m: producer to injector ratio
F: area controlled per injector
S: well density( area per well)

Line distance and well distance not necessarily

equal to each other

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Areal Pattern Water Drive

1）Square well Pattern

Direct line drive Five spot Inverted nine spot Nine spot

Producer

Injector

Square seven spot Inverted square seven spot

(inverted skewed four spot) (skewed four spot)
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Direct line drive

Well distance =a

m = 1:1
F = 2a 2

S =a 2

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Five Spot

m = 1:1
F = 2a 2

S =a 2

For five spot well pattern, normal and inverted well arrangements are the same.

For reinforced injection and production

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Inverted nine spot

m = 3 :1
F = 4a 2
S =a 2

1. Applied in early period

2. Less injectors
3. Flexible to adjustment

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Nine spot:

m = 1: 3
4 2
F = a = 1.333a 2
3
S =a 2

Applied in later period

For reinforced liquid production

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Inverted square seven spot (skewed four spot )

m = 2 :1
F = 3a 2
S = a2
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Square seven spot（inverted skewed four spot）

m = 1: 2
F = 1.5a 2
S =a 2

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2）Triangular well pattern

◼ Ⅰ—Inverted seven spot(four spot)

◼ Ⅱ —Seven spot (inverted four spot)

◼ Ⅲ —Staggered line drive

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Inverted seven spot（four spot）
a

3a

m = 2 :1
3 3 2
F= a =2.598a 2
2
3 2
S= a =0.866a 2
2
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Seven spot( inverted four spot）

m = 1: 2
3 3 2
F= a =1.299a 2
4
3 2
S= a =0.866a 2
2
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Staggered line drive well pattern

m = 1:1
F = 3a 2 =1.732a 2
3 2
S= a =0.866a 2
2
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◼ Crestal and Basal Injection Patterns

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Well Pattern Adjustment and Conversion
Inverted nine spot changed to direct line drive

Inverted nine spot changed to five spot

corner well

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Well Pattern Adjustment and Conversion
Inverted nine spot changed to normal nine spot

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