PASSIVE & CAUSATIVE 1. Active and Passive Structures then (active) iter edlgen (pessive) ilar dénstormek oldukgakolayar. Onoml olan ise nerede elken nerede edign fil kulamlacagina kararvermektr. Bunun ign greken gey, salam bic keime bist ‘Ye okudugunu anlama becersi gatsirmekt. Bunian geste cabasi zamana yayiimast gereken bir Ugragti. Bim bu balimde yapacagjimiz ge, etkon-edlgen-etirgen yapiarla ig yapsal Bilger vermek vve baz aynntlara dike gokmekti Active ‘Toy make new roads ever yar. ‘vaparan) ‘They are making a new roa tis yer. (vapiyoran “They have alroady made the new road. (vaptian) ‘They made «nw rol lst yer. (vactlar) ‘They were making a new road at he time. (vanryrer) ‘They had alesidy made the new rad (vars “They wll probably make anew road (vapacakiat) ‘They are going to make a new road, (yapecatar) ‘They willbe making a new road. (yapiyorolscakser) “They wlLhave made the new road by then (yarmigolacakar) “They must make a new road soon. (yapratiar) ‘They canttmake a new road here. (yapamaziar) ‘They should have made a new roe. (yapmaliyair) “They musthave made a new road. {yapmis olmatiar) Pessive "New roads are made every year. (yep ‘Anew road is being made this yea. (yapiiyor) ‘Tre new road as already bean made, (api) ‘Anew road was mad last year. (yap ‘Anew road was boing made a the time (apliyordy) ‘Tre net road haut already besn mads. -(yapimist) ‘Aw road wil probably be mad. (yaoiacak) ‘Anew road is going to be made (rpacak) ‘Anew road wile being made. ‘yapiiyorolacak) ‘Anow road wi have ben made by then. (yppiimig clack) ‘Anew road must be mad s00n. (apimal) ‘Anew oad can't be made here. ‘yepiamaz) ‘Anow road should have been mada. (Gapiimaty) ‘Anow road must have been made. (yapimig onal) onda Ci YaiRene ce om Ramee > Edigon yap), BE + PAST PARTICIPLE (V3) le oluguruiur. Yani edligen yap oluturabilmek ign (1) BE fitinin tam zamanlara gore gekimin, (2 fillein deni halle bmek gore. Present Simple Present Progessive Present Pesect Present Pract Progressive Past Simple Past Progressive Past Perfect Past Perfect Progressive Future Simple Going to-Futre Future Progressive Fu Perec | Jour Paha bgpahe ‘SmpiMocle | Peter Mois AM/1S/ ARE. AMIS AREBEING HAVE /HAS BEEN WAS) WERE WAS / WEREBEING HAD BEEN wi Be AMIS /AREGOING TO 8E WILL BE BEING ‘WILL HAVE BEEN Must /sHOULoycANBE | "MUST / SHOULD AYE BEEN D> Present periact progressive, past pertect progressive ve future perect progressive zemanlar passive ‘cmislerde kullarmaziay “+ Imation or fake pees aze sold in inexpensive pwellery, but the quality is usually very poor. + Many cincal tals are being conduct to find teatments and preventons for Alzheimer's disease and for memory loss among older peo ‘Acupuncture was originated in China more than 2,000 years ago and is one ofthe oldest ‘medical procedures inthe word + Amore developed model of tis car wiLbe shown in the showroom soon, + Recently, new laws have been introduced to stop smoking inthe public placos. ‘When Liz heard thet she hadnt heen chosen forthe post, he burst nto tears. DeFeet ce+ Its ikely that adonal deta concerning the prot wil hve been announced by the end of this wook. “+ Plastic bottles can be tumad into tems Ike carpeting or clothing + Rooms that are designed tobe relaxing should be aainted yellow or blue, + Those letters should have been posted by now, bu they are stil on the table. Exercise 1 Change the following active sentences into passive ones 1. The fumes from the chemical factory affected al the people who lived in that town, 2. The richest family ofthe country has owned this building fora hundred yeas. 4 The wer must wea pert ee pt when rng wih ie mal I i 44. An excessive growth of tng maney supply cause tah ale of infaton '5, Thay ae golng to publish the Book ET few weeks. 6, Thenew owner has destroyed the buling 7. The workers had already lot tho builcing before the re started. 8, Theseorotay wil nform me of the meeting date. 9, The vendor wil release the new product tomorow. 410, The trafic warden was wring atcket when | arived. Seagal i ai(Passive & Causative) D> Birtitin edigen yapiabiimes' ign gor (ranstve) mast, yani nesne alabilen bir fil nasi gereki. Omedin, raise i "yetistirmek aniamina gol ve goes, bu ylzdon de oxigen yap. Oyea so fil"yakselmete aniamina gel, gesisizdl (iatansive) ve edigen yapilamaz: ‘The Dutch raise beautful flowers inthe gardens allover the country. (Etken) * Beautl loners are raised by the Dutch inthe gardens allover the county. (Edilgen) “+The petrol prices ae rising every day. (Etken) Exercise 2 (Change the following sentences into passive I pessibie. 1. Pregnant women should not consume excessive amounts of caffeine. 2. Earthquakes have led several millon people ound the word Inthe last 500 years. '3. People should sleep for at least sight hours evety hight 6 maintain mental nd physical hea \4. The baby has been crying non-stop for the past wennty minutes. 5. The waltess placed the dishes onthe table careluly 6. As fod prices wil not al for afew years, consuners must lear to economize 7. The instructor is going to teach the basic rule ofinsuation. ‘8, Most ofthe students noticed the mistake inthe textbook, 9. The sum has set and itis goting dark. We must hun. 410. The mechanic wil have repaired the engine by the end o ‘ie Yaprar ca raion(Passive & Causative) > Know, believe, repon, expect, think, hope, say, claim vs gb filler edigenyapida gu gekide kul: “+ People claim (that) Hakan $Ok0r is stil one ofthe best fotbales in Turkey. tis claimed (that) Hakan GUKUr is stil one of th best fotballors in Turkey. Hakan SOK is claimed tobe sil on ofthe best footers in Turkey. + People know (that) Tanju Gok was a very ambitious payer. Ite known (that) Tanju Golak was a very amblious player. ‘Tanju Golakis known fo have bean a very ambitious player. “+ Thay claim (hat) our new neighbour cheats on his wife tis claimed (that) our new neighbour cheats on his wife ‘Our new neighbour i claimed to cheat on his wit. ‘They claim (hat) he cheated on his wife Its claimed (tet) he cheated on his wie He i claimed to have cheated on his wit. Exercise 3 Fill inthe blanks 1. The temple, which is said (oil) inthe 19* century, contain an Inner maze of coridors and sairoases. 2. Wiliam Webb Eis isthe man who is considered (vent the ‘game of Pugby. 3. Ants pain is eid (uence) by the weather contons. 4, The Chinese are thought (use) gunpowder forte fist time almost athoueand yoare ago. 5. Viadimi Nabokov is known (ot) works which often contain heroes and heroines who have ied in many placs. 6. Ahundrad people are reported (interrogate) in connection with 7, According toa recent survey, blue is beloved {0} the most soothing colour by many people. 8. alnforsts are thought (be) the aldst ecosystem on earth 8. Nopartyis expected (win) more than 2640 of the votes in the parlamentary elections. 10. The Persian language is known (rave) one ofthe most powerful Iterary traditions. Gewdliowaincixcon OSC—__(Yassive @ Causative) Exercise 4 ‘Choose the correct option 1. Some legends are known —~ down from one generation to another through word of ‘mouth over the centuries. ‘A) having passed © passing ©) to have boon passed 0) to passing E) having been passed -— that not only the hurricane but also successive floods ~~ much damage in the 'A) reported / wore caused 1) was reported / caused (C)has reported / willbe caused D)is reported / are caused ) ropons / have caused 3. Chuko Liang is considered — the wheelbarrow as a way to move injured soldiers from battle. {A} tobe inventing B) to have invented _©) having invented Dy tobe invented ) inventing ‘4. Tho Great Pyramid of Giza is believed —- as a tomb for Fourth dynasty Egyptian King nut, ‘A)1o have béon bult By beg bul (©) having Boon but D)to have built, E) to have been tung ‘5. Epilepsy — to be caused by poor alr, which — to be carried by the veins tothe bran. ‘Is bolovad / thought Bi baioves/is thought C) sbekeving /is thinking Dy was beloved was thought ) willbe beliovee /has thought 6. Formerly known as Iconium, the ity of Konya is known — for over 5,000 years. A) being inhabited Bi tohave been inhaling ©) tohave inhabited D) having been inhabited ) to have boon inhabited 7. According tothe recent studies, the chemicals in most products are thought ~~ Important information tothe brain. A) conveying Bi to be conveyed )to convey Dy being conveyed E) having conveyed DikoVayrian SSCS‘8, Acupuncture fs known — health by removing energy Imbalances in the body. A) have restored B) to restore () restoring 1) beng restored ) to bo restored 9, Asa result ofa recent solentiie research, this manuscripts thought ~~ during the Midale Ages. ‘to have been writen 5) 1020 writen ©) having watton D) tohave written E) having been witon 40. Confuolus is believed ~~ in 551 BC + Inthe state of Lu, known today 2s the Shandong province. A) having boon born B)tohave bom ©) being born 1) tohave been bom ) having born D> _Eaigen yap, ven bina zamanina bah olarak det 1+ Het tought ae ata. (Onun alana ciinlyer) + Hei did oe Wing nw. (Su nda yaln syle gino) + He's Sid to have Sad yesterday (Dn yalan sooo cinta) + Ho's said to have bean yng fora fng ime. (Vzun zamanel alan s0yedy dlsandyor) Exercise 5 Feurite the following sentences 1. tie claimed that at least 14 countries provided advance waming tothe US ofthe 9/11 attacks. Atleast eleven counties 2. itis known that architectural images are defined though urban planning. Architectural images ‘3, itis betaved that the theatre with a capaciy of 5,000 seats was used as an arena, ‘Tho theatre witha capaciy of 5,000 seats Tee dapeyctitcom ike Yaron(Passive & Causative) 4. itis thought that long-term or chronic stress atfacs the baln's leaning and memary region. Long-term or chronic tress 5. itis known that the solders were struggling fr hel county. “The soldiers 6. tis thought thatthe bombings have been carted out by young men bom and bred in Yorkshire. ‘The bombings 2. Causative D> Etirgen (causative) yapid, ii yapan, yaptian ve yeplandan etilenen olmak Uzere Up Kil ya da soy vara © Mifatnec aot thelGar washed byme. (Bu cOmlode, il yaptran babem, ii yapan ben iste etlenen se arabadic) “+ Aftor many years of great expense, | ally chose thave my teeth pulled and wear dentires. Taking your computer tots own service provider is the quickest and safest way to gett vepaied, + My brother tried o-get me to pay his bis as Usea, but his imo | tuned hi down, + The customs officer made us open our suitcases twice before leaving the airport. + The tescher doesnt let his students use calculator in the exams, Ettirgen yepiaria kealpter suniardir: 9) Got something done by somebody: David wil get his car washed by his sn, ) Got somebody to do something: David wil get his son to wash his car. ©) Have something done by somebody: avid wil hava his car washed by his son. 1) Have somabody do something: David wil have his son wash his car. ©) Make somebody do something avid wil make his son was his car. 1) Let somebody do something: David wil at his son wash his cr. 9) Help somebody (to) do something David wil help his son (fo). wash his cr. = or align