GLOBALIZATION

AND
NATIONAL
SECURITY
CONTENTS
 Introduction
 Elements of national security
 Threats
 Security strategies
 Agencies
 Pakistan armed forces
 Impact of other countries
 Impact of globalization on national security
 Positive impact
 Negative impact
 Conclution
Globalization is the process
of international integration
arising from the interchange
of world views, products,
ideas and other aspects of
culture.
National security is
the requirement to
maintain the
survival of the state
through the use of
economic power,
diplomacy, power
projection and
political power.
 IMPORTANCE OF
NATIONAL SECURITY
National security and international
security and order are intertwined.
Liberal forms of democratic
governments have been the only
choice to avoid war, and to pursue
prosperity through cooperation.

The moral commitment of states,

thus, helped in the fusion of national
and international security to build a
peaceful world and an enlightened
world order.
INFLUENCE OF GLOBLIZATION
ON NATIONAL SECURITY
There are so many implications cause
by globalization towards the national
security.

They are created complexity and new

challenges, wider the scope of
national security, national security
becomes more vulnerable, borderless
security environment, infected
national culture, tradition and values,
increased of international crime and
transnational threats.
ELEMENTS OF NATIONAL SECURITY
There are seven fundamental elements that lie at the core which therefore further
amplify our definition of national security. At the same time they constitute the most
important challenges we face as a nation and a people.
1) SOCIO-POLITICAL STABILITY:
we must achieve peace and harmony among all filipiones,regardless of creed, ethnic
origin or social status. The government and people must engage in nation-building under
the rule of law, constitutional democracy, and the full respect of human rights.
2)TERRITORIAL INTEGRITY:
we must ensure the permanent unavoidability of our nation territory and it’s effective
control by the government and the state.
3) ECONOMIC SOLIDARITY AND STRENGTH:
we must vigourlsly pursue a free-market economy
through responsible entrepreneurship based on social
conscience, respect for the dignity of labour and
concern for public interest.
4)ECOLOGICAL BALANCE:
national survival rests upon the consecutive
conservation of our national environment in the face of
industrial and agricultural expansion and population
growth.
5)CULTURAL CONSIOUSNESS:
our lives as a people must be ruled by a common
sets of values and believes grounded on high moral
and ethnical standards ,drawn from our heritage
and embodying a Filipino standard identity
transcending religious ,ethnic and linguistic identity.
6) MORAL SPIRTUAL CONSENSUS:
We must be propelled by the national vision
inspired and manifested I our words and deeds, and
patriotism national pride and the advancement of
national goals and objectives.
7)EXTERNAL PEACE:
we must peruse constructive and cordial relations
with all nations and peoples, even as our nations
itself must chart an independent course ,free from
external central ,interference or threat or
aggression.
  The English term “threat” means
warning, an indication of harm, danger.
TYPES OF THREATS
There are two types of threats:
 External threats and
 Internal threats.
EXTERNAL THREATS
1. Territorial Threats
2. Drug Trafficking
3. Cyber Attacks
4. Weapon Poliferation
5. Environmental Disasters
INTERNAL THREATS
1. Terrorism
2. Ethnic Violence
3. Political Instability
4. Economic instability
SECURITY STRATEGIES
 EDUCATION
The first effort should be on the educational
front. Education will bring the
better out of the people as they will
not easily be vowed into
drastic decisions, which they will not know the
consequences. Hence Education needs to be
emphasized and made as a key to
success for the
development and stability in the country.
GOVERNANCE
The quality of governance needs to be improved.

A system for the check on corruption

needs to be derived, which will encompass all the
bodies of
government, the civil as well as the military.
Pakistan needs to have stability within
in order to meet the
challenges from outside and the
remedy for that would be smooth governance.
Good governance
would enhance the problems,
or rid the country with impediments, which have
caused the development and
led to internal security
threats
FOREIGN POLICY

The foreign policy of Pakistan should promote

the internationally recognized norms
of interstate relations, i.e.
respect for sovereignty and territorial
integrity of all States, non-interference in
the internal
affairs of other State; non-aggression
and peaceful
settlement of disputes, develop friendly
and cordial relations with all
countries of the world.
SECTARIANISM

An ongoing dialogue between the leaders of the

two groups
at a well as at the city level is important .
Many
times, culprits of the violence between
the two
groups have been unknown gunmen
who have killed
at either Sunni or Shi Masjids
with no one claiming any
responsibility. Most
leaders from both sides are not
involved in
the violence. Most Masjids do not preach
violence
If leaders from both sides engage each other in
dialogue, there is a good chance that they will be able
to help save lives on both sides. The education boards
of their respective area should also scrutinize the
Madrassahs syllabi. Police should make a plan to visit
these Madrassahs on a regular basis to make sure that
there is no military training being given to the students
there. . Foreign donations should not be allowed to
these Madrassahs, from either an individual or a
country without the approval of the government. Any
form of representation should not be given to these
groups which are running these institutes as this will set
a precedence which in the longer run will aid these
groups to blackmail or play havoc with the smooth
functioning of the government, if any policy is
formulated which does not coincide with their game
plan.
ETHNICITY/MINORITIE
S
Contact should be established
between the
ethnic groups so that
they can talk out their
grievances and
redress the situation.
A common cause for the betterment
of the society
should be established
between the two.
The minorities should be treated
appropriately.
Positive relationship should be worked out
between the muslims and
and the non-Muslims.
IMMIGRATION / BORDERS

Pakistan cannot stop terrorism unless

it can control its
borders. It will cost
too much to wire the borders.

However,a regular system of helicopter-

based monitoring must
be developed if
Pakistan wants to assure security .

Since Pakistan has a large army, it should be a large

army, it should not have a problem of personnel.

The cost will be essentially

that of helicopters and of maintenance.
MILITARY FORCES
Military forces are well-equipped,well-trained
well-inoculated
and highly motivated conduct
operations in aid of civil power,
something that
they have amply displayed during
the recent years.

However, there is always a room for improvement.

While they have
devoted a part of their training
period to anti-terror
operations, they do need to
further develop the
POLICE

Police forces on the one hand need training to

deal with the threat
posed by the terrorists
including bomb blasts, gun running, bomb
disposal and post-blast
operations. On the
other, there is a dire need to continue with
the training in
criminology, intelligence,
detection, investigation and interrogation.
Establishment of women police
stations and
counter terrorism department (CTD) etc.
OTHER STRATEGIES
 Improve worsening law and order situation
by eliminating trends of
targeted assassinations,
extortion, kidnapping for ransom and other
serious and organized crime.
 Integrate national data base and registration
plan to identify people
residing in Pakistan and
their assets.
 Rehabilitation of internally displaced persons (IDPs)
 Economic reforms need to be introduced
 Political stability
NATIONAL
SECURITY
AGENCIES
What is security agency?

 Security is defined as being

free from danger, or feeling
safe.
 An organization or
department whose task is
protection or safety is simply
called security agency.
Security Organization
National Security
Control
Internal security of pakistan
before the war against terrorism

 Internal security was in the hands of law

enforcement agencies and paramilitary
forces.
 Condition of security after the start of war of
terrorism
 Over all Security of country is now look after by
law enforcement agencies , intelligences
agencies, paramilitary forces with cooperation
of military under one umbrella, now as written
policy under “NISP 2014”.
Pakistan
intelligence
community
Inter-Services Intelligence(ISI)
 Ministry of Foreign Affairs of the Government of Pakistan

 Intelligence Bureau
 Directorate-General for International
Security Services (DG ISS)
 Directorate for Mission Building and
Specialized Programs (MBSP)
 Directorate for High Security Building (HSB)
 CTBT
 NPT
Ministry of Finance of
government of Pakistan

 Financial Monitoring Unit

 Directorate general,
intelligence & investigation-
FBR (CUSTOM
INTELEGENCE)
 Budget for national security agencies:
 LAW
ENFORCEME
NT AGENCIES
 List of federal law enforcement agencies:

 Airport
security force
(Paramilitary force)

 Frontier
Constabulary
(Paramilitary force)

 FrontierCorps
(paramilitary force
 Pakistan Rangers
( Paramilitary force)

 Pakistan
Coast
Guard (Paramilitary)
 Anti-Narcotics Force

 Special Security
Unit

 National Highways
and
Motorway Police

 National Police
Academy

 Pakistan Railways
Police

 Pakistan Customs
List of provincial law enforcement
agencies:

 Balochistan Constabulary
( Paramilitary force)

 Balochistan Levies
(Paramilitary force)

 Balochistan Police

 Frontier Police
 Punjab Police

 Sindh Police

 Azad Jammu and

Kashmir Police

 Gilgit-Baltistan
Police

 Punjab Prisons
(Pakistan)
Additional Paramilitary
Forces
 THE
MILITARY
 PAKISTAN ARMY HEROES
 Captain Sarwar:
At the age of 38, soon after the birth of Pakistan,
during the Kashmir operations in 1948, as
Company Commander in the
2nd Battalion of the Punjab Regiment, while moving forward with six
of his men to cut their way
through barbed wires and barriers,
he died when his chest was riddled by a burst of automatic fire.
Major Aziz Bhatti:
On 6th September 1965, as Company Commander in the Burki Area
of the Lahore Sector, Major Bhatti chose to move with his forward
platoon under
incessant artillery and tank attacks for five days
and nights in defence of the strategically vital
BRB Canal. He was hit by an enemy
tank shell which killed him on 10 september 1965.
 Captain "Kernal" Sher Khan:
Captain Karnal Sher and Hav. Lalak Jan joined those eight
legendary heroes who received the highest military
award of Nishan-i-Haider for laying
down their lives in defence of the beloved motherland. Despite
facing all odds, he lead a counter-attack and re- captured the lost
parts. But during the course he was hit by the machine-gun fire
and embraced shahadat at the same post. He
is the first officer from the NWFP province to be awarded
with Nishan-i-Haider.
Havildar Lalak Jan:
Hav. Lalak Jan of the Northern Light Infantry (NLI) was one of
those many who as a junior leader fought from the fore front to
thwart heavy Indian attacks. Hav. Lalak was awarded with the
Nishan-i-Haider for his dauntless courage and devotion.
m
 How can globalization
influence national security on
other countries?
 Impact of other countries on
pakistan national security:
Globalization brings opportunity and also
vulnerability for all. It produces powerful forces
of social fragmentation, creating critical
vulnerabilities and sowing the seeds of violence
and conflict. All these aspects of globalization
have important security implications. It is
capable to bring the world together, tearing it
apart or facilitating some combination of both. It
is easy to understand the impact of globalization
towards economic, communication and social;
but in terms of national security is a problematic.
Therefore, this paper will discuss on the aspect of
‘how’ the globalization can influence the national
security on other countries.
National Security:
Hartland in Buzan (1991), has defined national security
as the ability of a nation to pursue successfully its
national interest, as it sees them, any place in the
world. The inclusion of traditional defense policy and
also the non-military actions of a state in the national
security is introduced by Louw (Buzan, 1991). US
Defense Dictionary has defined national security as a
collective term encompassing both national defense
and foreign relation specifically the condition provided
by a military or defense advantage over any foreign
nation or group of nations or a favorable foreign
relations positions or a defense posture capable of
successfully resisting hostile or destructive action from
within or without, overt or covert. In this light, national
security may also means the protection of the political,
economic, psychosocial, military, geo-ecological and
techno-scientific environment of the nation.
 National Security Becomes
Vulnerable
Information technologies and
systems are central features of
globalization and have become
increasingly important to the
functioning of many critical
civilian systems such as
communications, energy,
transportation, electrical, water,
and banking. The problem is that
they are now vulnerable to the
threat of cyber-attacks and
disruption. The dangers have
arising from environmental
 The National Security Implications of
Pakistan’s:
 Impact of other countries on
Pakistan national security :
 Afghanistan/Pakistan:
The border region between Afghanistan and Pakistan is a
place where militants continue to plot to target the United
States. Senator Shaheen supports a joint military and civilian
effort in Afghanistan, while working with the government of
Pakistan to address our security challenges. Though our
commitment to working with our partners in Afghanistan
and Pakistan is long-term, our military engagement in
Afghanistan cannot remain open-ended. Senator Shaheen
supports bringing our men and women in uniform home,
while transferring responsibility for security and governance
to the people of Afghanistan.
Europe and Nato:
AFGHANISTAN AND PAKISTAN
With years of experience in international politics, both
through her role as Director of Harvard’s Institute of Politics
and as an international election monitor, Senator Shaheen
has emerged as a leader in the Senate on trans-Atlantic
policy issues. As the former Chair of the Senate Foreign
Relations Subcommittee on European Affairs, Senator
Shaheen was responsible for overseeing U.S. involvement in
NATO efforts around the globe, and U.S. foreign policy efforts
in Russia, the Caucasus, and the Balkans and throughout
Europe. She believes that the enduring relationship between
the United States and Europe remains the anchor for global
stability. The greatest security challenges of our generation –
the global economic crisis, terrorism, nuclear proliferation,
and climate change and energy security –require a close
cooperation with our European allies.
POSITIVE IMPACT OF
GLOBALIZATION
“National security is the requirement to
maintain the survival of the state through
the use of economic power, diplomacy,
power projection and political power. The
concept developed mostly in the United
States after World War II.”

Positive impact on 3 issues:

 Economic Power
 Diplomacy
 Political Power
ECONOMIC POWER
Economic impact of globalization is one
of the most important issues that are
considered by many researchers.
Nowadays the economic effect on national
interests and national security is one of the
most debated issues in the world.In a positive
context globalization can be considered as a
process of integration of goods and capital
markets across the world, where thresholds to
international trade and foreign investment are
reduced.
DIPLOMACY
This section addresses the
universalization of a uniform
form of diplomatic relations.
It does not ignore the unique
contributions of the various
civilizations to the development
of diplomatic practice. Neither
does it deny the distinct euro
centrism of contemporary
diplomatic practice.
POLITICAL POWER
One of the major impacts of political
Globalization is that it reduces the
importance of nation states. Many have
organized themselves into trade blocks.
Emergence of supranational institutions
such as the European Union, the WTO,
the G8 , and The International Criminal
Courtesy replaced or extended the
National functions to facilitate international
agreement. This has reduced the sovereignty
of nation states in taking important decisions with respect to their
country where we see massive intervention of these
organizations in all Fields.
NEGATIVE IMPACT OF
GLOBALIZATION
There are many negative impacts of National
security on globalization. Some of them are as
follows:
 Cyber Attacks
 Drug trafficking
 Global terror
 Weapon proliferation
Cyber Attacks
Cyber-attack is any type of offensive maneuver
employe by individuals or whole organizations
that targets computer information systems,
infrastructures, computer networks, and/or
personal computer devices by various means of
malicious acts usually originating from an
anonymous source that either steals, alters,
or destroys a specified target by hacking into a
susceptible system.
Factors including in Cyber
attacks are:
 Fear factor
 Spectacular factor
 Vulnerability factor
 FEAR FACTOR

The most common, fear factor, a cyber terrorist will creats

fear amongst individuals,groups and socities.
 SPECTACULAR FACTOR
With spectacular factors, it is the actual
damage of the attack, meaning the attacks
created direct losses and gained negative
publicity.
 VULNERABILITY
FACTOR
Vulnerability factor exploits how easy an
organization or government establishment
is vulnerable to cyber-attacks.
 Professional hackers to Cyber
terrorists:
 Professional hackers either working on their
own or employed by the government or military
service can find computer systems with
vulnerabilities lacking the appropriate security
software.
 Once found, they can infect systems with
malicious code and then remotely control the
system or computer by sending commands to
view content or to disrupt other computers
DRUG TRAFFICKING
 ILLEGAL DRUG
TRADE
The illegal drug trade is a
global market dedicated to the
cultivation, manufacture, distribution
and sale of drugs that are subject to
drug laws.
Drugs which are trafficking in large amounts are:

 Alcohol
 Heroin
The countries of drug production and drug
transit are some of the most affected by the
drug trade, though countries receiving the
illegally-imported substances are also
adversely affected. In many countries
worldwide, the illegal drug trade is thought
to be directly linked to violent crimes such
as murder.
SMUGGLING OF DRUGS
A large amount of drugs are smuggled into
Europe from Asia. The main source of these
drugs is Afghanistan.
• Farmers in Afghanistan produce drugs
which are smuggled into the West and
central Asia.
Global terror
 All around the world, terrorism is a huge threat. And
what's especially worrying is that for all the advances
made in recent years, the threat of terror seems to be
worsening. A new report
from the Institute for Economics and Peace (IEP) finds
that there was a 61 percent increase in deaths from
terrorism globally in 2013. The group also notes that the
data it collected shows a five-fold increase in the
number of deaths caused by terrorism since 2000.
TERRORISM INDEX NOTES THAT THERE
WERE 17,958 DEATHS FROM
TERRORISM IN 60 COUNTRIES LAST
YEAR, THE NUMBERS SHOW THAT
MORE THAN 80 PERCENT OF
THOSE DEATHS OCCURRED IN JUST
FIVE COUNTRIES AND ACCOUNTED
FOR THE GLOBAL FIGURES GOING UP.
Weapon proliferation
Nuclear proliferation is the spread of
nuclear weapons, fissionable material, and
weapons-applicable nuclear technology and
information to nations not recognized as
"Nuclear Weapon States" by the Treaty on
the Nonproliferation of Nuclear Weapons,
also known as the
Nuclear Nonproliferation Treaty or NPT is
an international treaty whose objective is to
prevent the spread of nuclear weapons and
weapons technology, to promote cooperation
in the peaceful uses of nuclear energy, and
to further the goal of achieving nuclear
disarmament and general and complete
disarmament.
NATIONAL SECURITY OF
INDIA
 NATIONAL SECURITY OF
USA
NATIONAL SECURITY OF
AFGHANISTAN
NATIONAL SECURITY OF
IRAQ
NATIONAL SECURITY OF
IRAN
NATIONAL SECURITY OF RUSSIA
NATIONAL SECURITY OF GERMANY
NATIONAL SECURITY OF BRITAIN
NATIONAL SECURITY OF
CHINA