re a Delis ae GATEWAY TO ARABICBook Two Dr. imran Hamza Alawiye ener jearners of Arabic who have mastered the basics of reading and writingGender Allnouns in Arabic are either masculine or feminine, no matter whether they are humans, animals or objects. Unlike in English, there is no word for ‘it’ in Arabic. All nouns are referred to as ‘he’ or ‘she’. The following words, which are all to do with school, are divided into two lists, one of masculine words and the other of feminine words. Read the two lists out loud. What do you notice about the feminine words? *. é- A a6 J Feminine Weed ye Masculine i= de a blackboard an exercise a table book a stapler a pencil sharpener an eraser ie a chair (rubben a ruler Scissors a computer ‘ee a doy @ Did you notice how ail the feminine words end in taa marouta? 6 aX ( Ube gs p+ gb ) Nearly all Arabic words that end with taa marbuta are feminine. 2Gender (loci oat fer foBowing: went wich one ol fo cho welty Ae mortar ne © dele: || cones = eds wotch Se | we * * oa awndow A Baals oF SLS E J aconde : i i a 3» | ormnm GB ca Exercise 1: Son gut ond copy Me obove votes words into the two bouns provided, occording fo whether thoy one masculine of ferminina, LThis iS pag Paes z ips “ow Make sure you learn tre conect sped! This is (feminine form) oda This is (masculine form) woe | La is pronounced as if it were written with an ali {Sa 04 is pronounced as fit were written with anal: eala at In Arabic, when we want fo say ‘this is’ followed by a noun, the word we use for ‘this is’ will change. depending on whether the noun is masculine or feminine. “le # “a7 | ua is used before amasculinenoun. eg. WES Sta thisisa book a ee Ree Oo 7 oa is used before afeminine noun. — e.g. 6 ple gua This is a ruler. oe td Exercise 2: Complete the sentences below by adding lta or oS tomatch the gender of the following noun. a Re te i ait s / . . This is a blackboard. 3) gow 8 kare 9 This is @ computer. 2 gale me wt Bian This is a pencil Bauer This is o pen. we an 10 sharpener. 4s po nn By 3 mew 2 This is a ball. 6 Ss _ ST. This is a rujer, 5 planar 3 ase e “, wd of This is a pair of scissors. ee _ . Iz This is a box. es 3 I ees ee i g of vi oOo This is a chair, ue S oo NS | This is a desk, Se _ » “ = ft a - This is a table, gle 14 | Thisis abag. Anam titi eo This is an exercise Bo This is an eraser. Slee . __._15 book. pee - eH R we we This is a book. WES _ ___ 16 | This isa stapler. dwhs _ Exercise 3: Copy the words from page 3 into your exercise book, adding the corect Arabic for ‘This is’ before each word.Exercise 4: Choose the corect sentence from the list on the right to copy under each picture. Pay careful attention to the masculine and feminine forms of ‘This is’.Adjectives In Arabic, adjectives (describing words) come after the nouns they describe. When the noun is masculine, the adjective will also be masculine. Likewise, when tne noun is feminine, the adjective will also be feminine. Adjectives are written after the nouns they describe. smal large, big short tall, long light heavy old open closed Feminine 3 Dis ak ny Ie Mase iri af ai Exercise 5: Translate the phrases below into Arabic. Make sure the adjectives agree with ins ac. they describe. 1. Aheavy book, 2. An open door. 3. Anew sofa. 4, A light bag. 5, An old radio. & A tall candie.% a ae } “ora for and’ in Arabic is 4. It is written as part of the word that it links. woe ee Se clo Lowe a deor and a window Sls wh ‘And’ isnot affected by gender. a8 G, A actise -eading the following sentences and make sure you can understand them. ek » “Olewing the pattern of the examples above, write a description for each picture below in arabic on The line provided, ook Deo Thess an old tock,Asking Questions ej oa jb and j , which are written at the beginning of a sentence, are two ways of asking questong sunt ee “,f° 4 af 42 ge ag o as ‘Is this,..?’ in Arabic. e.g. ls this a pen? Tats {Lat ot ft | um ae “ a Note how j becames part of the following word, but is written separately, In order to answer this type of question, we need to learn the words for ‘yas’ and nav it, Acct 7 ae Y Yes = ee and no = . Note also the shape of the question mark in Arabic: ° ls this a ruler? Yes, this is a ruler. ls this a pen? No, this is a key. is this a candle? Yes, this is a candle. No, this is a stapler, Exercise 8: Copy the following words onto the line provided: VNON ee de # cena Fah sore tyExercise F> Complies ine poiof questions and onawent below in Asobic, using the Engin traniation To quite you. Ven fhe 6 4 long pen. (Ho, this sc short nuda. we a a - . Now the: 6. ight bag et ow oe a pee Coe LLB od ‘ees, fo is cr boone Pca Meo, this on hanger chock ‘Wed. PMS ie oo Pere done Becks th ab by thi a Jong pen? qiL bib. anne one ba? a Is fis olor mor? 5 Ihe G heavy bag? is this oo longer nowser? 6 Nek Oo aT ke is this or eobncise Ibook?What is this? Oriel. Sia at at Ye means ‘What?’ in Arabic. To ask ‘What is this?’ you followit with {ia or eda woe What Is this? (masculine) What is this? (feminine) Exercise 10: Following the pattern of the two examples on the jeff, write an appropriate question on each of the first lines provided, fol- lowed by the correc? answels underneath. Remember to pay careful attention to the masculine and feminine forms. An ostrich A noiseExercise 10 (continued) A tortoise "TA chicken A crocodile A fish Meee ™ aa} yj we wt A snake A tabbit { A giraffeLines and Shapes A rectangle A circle 3 A square A heart aoa . 4 ” A hexagon A pyramid 3 3 w ” Acone A cylinder A sphere S 4 MU ll “tt av “ ev, la By - A straight line A wavy line a wo A spiral Kd Jo Or Al one of two words used in Arabic to mean ‘or’, It is used when offering a choice between ‘hao options. Boas On tw oA “ wv ee ee Oo =; GO15 ai Ele. Jia le 7 x ae on ele —, {Ub ls this a triangle or a heart? This is a heart, is this a circle or a star? This isa star, exeicise 11: Following the pattern of the exarnples above, write a suitable question in each box on the first two lines provided, followed by the carrect answer underneath, 13That is ... lls, 8 a 4 Make sure you tearr ths That is (feminine form): That is (mnasculine form): ells correct easine ' “ % “ | : 6! 4 i eo S : U5 is pronounced as if it were written with an alif, [WS | wi as gies In Arabic, when we want to say ‘that is’ followed by a noun, the word we use for ‘that is’ will chonge. depending on whether the noun is masculine or feminine. a Pact oe “ ral ra s | Ny is usec before ag masculine noun. 2@.g. Ma s| }3 That is a crescent, - “ o me, oo woo G JUS isused before afeminine noun. eg. dood SLL Thatisastar some more adiectives OF you 10 earn § i | Famining > Mca s of. | ped ee we ~ Roo \ eat | a = ‘ » AEgdas Slam Us" ps Sere Rvs | 1 y a " io ey : slow i ew : 2 | we 5 i se i pany “ Lite This is a fast horse, and that is a slow tortoise. | ai Bee i en fat an cha lt Ope tke i ake “ ne : thin ‘ei Rana 3 | cern es PE . we on aia 3 at . straight i are an 3 pen Sino fi = har w o a oe’ | o ; ! : dyed Olas 5 AUS Seats Ole (ha { Bein os. e crooked oa nee et | This is a fat snake, and that is a thin snake. _ ze ui. 2 : Fi . i a i bog wide, broad Atal | ce | al wa gh. ow ato narrow AB el? Sen | Be, god of a high Bathe fi | setoneaina * 23 Bere af This is @ wide ruler and that is a narrow ruler,EXGICISe 12: Write a suitable sentence under each picture on the lines provided using the correct forms of ‘This s’ and ‘That is’, as well as the correct forms of adjectives. An exampie has been done for you. This is a short giraffe and that is a tall giraffe. fev eee 15The Definite Article: The oo Do you remember your sun and moon letters and how they are affected when ‘al’ (the Arabic word for ‘the’} comes before thern? You may wish to check pages 61 and 42 of ‘Gateway to Arabic: @ook One’ (Starter Book) to refresh your memory. In short, the rules are as follows: JI joins onto the word it defines. The | in J is o weak leiter. Therefore it is always silent (i.e. not pronounced) unless it occurs at the beginning of a sentence. When JS is followed by a word beginning with a moon letter, then itis written with a sukun or the laam: ai ‘ When al is followed by a word beginning with a sun letter, then the Joam is written WHNOLT of Suku" a * and it becomes sient (not pronouncea), The sun letter after SN takes a shadda: aft # The word cefined by zi loses its tanween . Instead, the last letter of the word will take ethe: % a v fathna, kasra or damma: Ps There is one more point fo note. Although there is no verb ‘to be’ in the present tense in Arakic: Cary, ‘are’ and ‘is’}, if must be added when translating Arabic into English for the sentence or phrase to make sense, See below for examples. A short pen. ae ~ Ive . * “ pees) ia This pen is short. This window is narrow.People and Pronouns ° Spee spre g Nola: whan all Saddedto gla! the word becomes $i pel . Exercise 13: Copy the-oppropeinie description from: thelist on the fight nent fo the coment picture Singular Pronouns Fise ainguior promours in Aroiee one os dodows: -* He. ft (ros) (is) - fan) Mi She, it corn.) sD us You (mass) tora) Li You (hem.) (ore) wl WTDo you understand what the people are saying in the pictures below? re | bl al ay eo 3} | Zp ! ! doctor (rm.) doctor (f} 2 cele nurse (f.) Au ~a4 aa i woe. Fy teacher (m3 dBA ! : gt | teacher {f,) ba ASA Hen | butcher (m. ie | ay { a baker (m.) ja ' policeman is anPronouns "Ae OTONOUNS 3 and io are used oO 1éfer to objects as well as people. oe tran i 5 pl » WwW ey ~ & go. “oe Ano “hey hab os ‘ jes 1 us This iG train, itis a iong train, Be 2 wo Be Be a 2g. Bb aewo Byliw om, byline ola 7 This is a car. His a smail car, Exercise 14: Following the paitern of the two examples provided, select one word from each column in the iabie gbove. working from right to left, to make ten of your own pairs of sentences, and wiite therm out on the lines below. _ __ 6 _ ; 1 we we 7 srl . 2 we, 8 Xs 3 wenn _ : 9 : mone 19 5 19Singular Attached Pronouns Certain letters can be added to the end of nouns to show to whom the noun belongs. These letters re known as attached pronouns, The singular attached pronouns are shown below. We williook at the others forms (dual and plural) later in the series. - Bee . This is my cat. : eal aad This is rny book. * st 5 (ak your (masc.) - 3g wi a Thisis your(m)cat. , ¢tzles eda thisisyour(¢m) book, « GULLS ie your (fem.) | A we ‘ or ae This is your(f.jcat, =, SAe ots Thisisyour(tjbock fA fue his, its ae TS ae Rae This is hig cat. i ac les oA This is his book, : asnS Sr n its ati - 4G oo a Ao \F a a This is her cat. . sles 3 gta Thisisher book. ‘ Laks LA fa 38 : or: : ee | The Family 3 pw Yl — tarnily Bat | Bo | an daughter au) | name wean? | me me | a 4 Boo: brother {8 husband a moo 4 Web sister a | wife may fa ft “ | a = | itiend (m) gacue | father coh we ’ | G5 friend (f) dasitue © mother pi | 1A tes Exercise 15: Make sentences saying “This is my ...” using each of the people in the vocabulary box above. Pay attention to the masculine and feminine forms of “This is’. — 6 — egthisismynusband eg LA - / ee - - wk _ 5 ~ _ 10 . 20goL on Colours OT il 4s with other adjectives, colours in Arabic have masculine and feminine forms. When a noun is masculine. Ne CUlour describing it will also be masculine. Likewise, when a noun is feminine, the colour describing It A iso be feminine. Colours In thelr masculine form Colours In their feminine form Boe Foe Ged (5% jl clad lia Aya a gel Gl pdl (a 21Fruit and Vegetables A water-melon A pineapple An orange An apple A carrot A strawberry An onion A mushroom Sweetcorn A lettuce An olive A potaic A tomato An aubergine 22some Items of clothing woo e a sock ee a shirt # - a headscart wo Loe trousers pyjamas all a woaich asl a skirt wy a A bicycle d>-| 5) A trainRainbow eoinibcew Gta nm, ced Paes Exercise 17: trem been dere Peace 2 Senhences into Aromc on the liews prowclod. The Thus 15-0 pape oo, ~ . al pe Ths cor 6 purple final bona blong and green. 4, Tig. DOr Bi aro One eho 5 Tha big ship aed ond Mafamad: shi a bloe, ©. The 60 grey cor ore I 0 grey rocket 7 The bun orenge ond that train 6 brow, = Ths & a biock clhve ond thot 6 o pink pach. 4 Ths 6 brown onion ond thal po brown potato. 10. The: 6 a ictal lorry ond fat ao penk plone, 24 Shand Hews as i jlo Pees aie = Bye eePrepositions iver Giy speaking, nouns in the singular form coming immediayely Mar Dpasitions such as those on the right will end with oa kasra. some basic prepositions 1 © co sm kemens ean — a + in, at | wo i] under, below a bridge rer wo» 9 on, over, above a squirrel et Loewe between a 7 ~ O&O » FL aa ~ in front of Tre Caris on ine bridge. The lion and the squirrel are in the car. behind Exercise 18: Study the picture above carefully, then write sentences below in Arabic on the lines provided to describe the position and colour of each ball. 2.g. The brown balilis on the brown chair. ut il 4 ake Hinge Met a fe oe ee ree 4 este) os lb 93 And 3S 1 we 8 es oe eecnnan 2 5 3some items of clothing Mane!) @ shirt i Where Is...? ¢ means ‘Where |s...?° in English. uF Exercise 19: Study the picture on the right carefully, then answer the four questions beiow on the lines provided, A em eee °° AokFo A eo, 1 o¢ a. oe 4 a ao. o.oo : « + Al it Io EM ey gedll onl 1 pasa! elie aed ae 7 Pa oOo oy ae eo : a ae ” 4 ° i ’ Pa Yo gw dl al jaa cr! A S cilee 3) alee a! ce! 2 26Gvercise JO: Stucy the three pictures carefully, then write a description in Arabic of what you see in each picture. remember fo use the colours and prepositions you have learnt, 2 3Family and Friends Enetciae 212 Trandate the fofowing sentenced ito Arotc ort tre ieee or oviCeS VTi iy Peaks. Hi Te as AoC) 2. The rey wild. Her norte a Worn 4. The sony frien. Mes een is Pion. 4 This ry Pend. Mer pore a Yosrin §. This is Muharmmod. He isi my frien 8. This ip Fosimah. She is ey trend.Who Is ...? e.! So fa, we have learnt how to ask ‘What is...?° using the word CLs Go ou Toe ask ‘Whe is _.?° we use the word Toy oO cr - ra a ” ~ ‘Who isthat? (masculine) & S15 Cpe Who is this? (masculine) Fh ia - - o iat? (feminine) ss oP Who is this? (eminine} ve =Diaiogue | ny Vocabulary an i Lord ou at * a i ! The Creator phew Fropnet wes Religion “tof ‘et #. 8 } i te Enemy aakhe | Satan (Shaytan) Yue. BY : ‘ he oe B = a Teacher: Who is your Lord? v4 La Cy ee 2a ad Be oF ie Hasan: My Lord is Alich, ALi ay re 3 ~ 9 - Fo ® | Se Ao Teacher: Who is the Creator? / PEI gh est | omer a ae oe a & Aa aa - ee Hasan: Allah is the Creator. » ples ad ati} t esrgtiame ~ ten a ww oo ow fe a en Teacher, Whois your Prophet? ° $ oe ere ob hee” Bae Oo 3g ee an a = a - ® Hasan: Muharnmad (may the blessing and l 9 ale atll il 4 f me ’ "| * Ne peace of Ajlan be upon him.) : s 3 é . a OS bepsy La — Teacher: What is your religion? + Nemeth + Ae Hasan: My reiigion is islarn. py iste : cee $e ep 6 @ f2 Foo Teacher: Who is your enemy? GS ate cpt etal a ea Me A! ss 7 Hasan: My enemy is Satan, be ESI Sys oo aaa als f ae, 30WCoQue 2 Where is your qiblah? Scopich is towards the Ka‘bah. Whee is the Ka’ bah? ol Maxkan al-Mukanroamah, Wee ig Te Prophet's mosque? mt Macinat al-Munawwarah, Were is al-Aasa mosque? Direction of prayer Fowards (preposition) the Kavoan Nobile Makkah Enlightened Madinah Mosque Al-Aqsa (Name of the third most Imponant mosque in Islarn Jerusalem Palestine t ENA 3 Spat Oo «a 8 a) - 7 Wig Bal FU pens treet cpl Byala a dl ol 31 we iP _ fe ae Bo a -Family and Friends Vocabulary i mave hospital schooi pretty, beautiful Jalal Khalid from Exercise 23: Translate the following passage into Arabic on the Jines provided below, using *7e example above to help you, i My name is Yasmin. | have a brother. His narne is Jalal. | My father is tail and thin. His name is Knalia end he is a teacher in my school. My mother (she) is a nurse in the hospital. She is a short and beautiful woman. Her mame is Loyia. | | have a friend. Her name is Fatima. } I I | i \ i i | | | | i i | | user am, i ane me ream ea Heme 32My ROOM | Vocabulary Loom : woOGEN [adh ) Tle Apr Ee Pe a 4 vl ao 4, Mes pip ale 6 ata sips _ Je. 85 dael balm nal pip hire): wea B a 0 oe. Sr ear Ou Exercise 24: Translate the description of the bedroom suri into English on the lines below, ee A mR eee re a oe ee eee bu) ener ne to dol; r 1 | pone re ee aSTR Eder are ME #2 Exercise 25: Look carefully at the picture below. Use the lines to write a descriotion in 4:anic : of what you see in the picture. Exercise 26: Have a go at describing your own bedroom in Arabic! Don’t forgel to use sam adjectives, inctuding colours, that you nave tearnt. 34 raf thes,Parts of the Body We laamt atthe seginning of this book that almost ai nouns ending in faa marbuta are feminine. rowed ver: some feminine nouns do not end in taa marbuta, What is more, a few Arabic nouns can be aie: wm asculne or feminine! wee os F te a & im, | dl Op Partt eee are hae Be , card wh aos 1 18g Le | So cxerclse 27: SEOSbiee Ie LOuOWwing Vaal along face. “ & mG “ed, 4 AN oval ave, Tafa 4. Soft teats, 3 Bee Tas snccsn) EA AG “4 OTC ee Oke fg fe ge ce by ; a ae OB. BA whi toon .4A sraah mautn, id. A norow chin. Feminine Nouns eye one ear gat lip Aces: tooth ' oo om * - tongue OL ee oe forehead Age phrases into Arabic, Make wk The ccoactives agree with the nouns, You “oy Qhoacue whsiher to treat tongue and arm as mBoWhine of Taminine NOUNS, 35 Masculine Nouns body chest stomach shoulder elbow Wrist Thumb finger 11, Along neck. 12. Along tongue. 13. A straight back. 14. A bread chest. 15. A fat stomach. 16. Along arm. 17. A short thumb. 18, A thin finger. +9, A short leg. 20. A big foot.Number: The Dual There are three categories of number in Arabic. So far, all the nouns we have learned have bean thel singular form, The plural form starts from three in Arabic, For new. we are going te learn the chai form, which is used when talking about two of something. The basic cual form is made by adding the endings ¢3} or Cp to asinguiarnoun. - You will learn later in the series when to use each of these two dua! endings. at w ore Forexample, lS” ‘9 book’, can be made into "lwo books’ by adding O! or +p: GU Ge ow we gee Bod Hole te. c3leS or + GleS . Feminine nouns foliow the same rules: 3 ys OT wos € Note how the final @ in feminine words changes into anopentaa 3 or = asin we oot Boe * Jae Olu Cpt before the dual endings are added. Exercise 28: Turn the following singular nouns into dual nouns by adding the dua! endings. oo i Dual Dud OC} | Singular a Cx = -_—_——_— ————: ii —— —— eT 4 oeDual Demonstrative Pronouns These Two are, those two are... so far we have come across ine following demonstrative pronouns: this is (masc.), this ls (fem.), that is (mase.j and that is (fem): $115 6 2 yy ( 3 LA é | os which are used when referring io 7 ra oa singula: nouns, When referring to two objects or people, these words must take the following dual forms: oe oO Dual cx | Dual ol Singular | Dual or Dual J} | Singular ! Be i a s , Those hwo are} | Those two are)| (hati. m.&f.) 7] (hese two are) | (These two are) | (Thisis, m.& f.) i_ * od Exercise 29; Complete the table below. following the example of the first four lines. Dual 3 Singular (ihese/Those two are) (This |s/That ts) ce ,Dlotasc Oli va te S — Dlretee GUL | 37Dual Adjectives We have already learnt that adjectives have to agree with the nouns they describe in terms of whether ah - ag of = st Co we they are masculine orfeminine.6.g. 4 2 a io8 t S 4 An adjective describing a noun in the dual form must also take the same dual ending as the naun:! Oo - Oro. “= = woh describes. ©.g. two big houses: Crees Geet Ole olke Que “ auf oe ” i two small cats: op pe oyna ri OS rae OLS Note that for feminine colours ending in Pa In the singular the hamza changesinto a 3 inthe dus A + Qe Bee o ae - &g, one white rule ~-l ey B fons = Geese two white rulers: «ph genes Cre ple : Olse ~ OU ew. Exercise 30: Tronsiate the English first into the singular Arabic form, and then into the two forms of che dual in the table below. The first one has been done for you. Dual 3s Singular ae eB we “| gyre by | Athinooy _Asmall gid An open door nf A fost tai A tall docted (rn) A thin nurse (f.) _ Anew bog A black pen A green come AsOowfontoss lL i . i fra eA TA A RTD! JF eipromicge cele or So ue wee es by “ An explanation of when to use col andwhentouse cv} willbe given loafer in the seres. = AQNumer: Tne Plural Fre Broken Plural “he Oroken oF inegular plurat is one of the more challenging oreas of learning Arabic. The plurais of some words teat are similar in structure may folow a common pattern, and the stucent will learn to recognise msse win exoerence. For now, if is best if you learn each plural alongside ifs singular form, The plurals of most of tne irreguiar nouns and adiectives you nave iearned so far in this book are given below. along with thStr singular. 2 eee | : , Prural ! Singular ; Plural j; Singutar Plural. =, Singular : i. | | | # ow af eat | i TUN DGUNIE | cal | asl rm stomachs fathers : - | “ t | ' ' | a Se “Bee HE | 2 —- girls | | Bone Bee TCS | plas $ ls houses 1 thumbs Bae ug ; | hears | 415 bee! apples brothers ! 4 iss Bate | exercise books! 235 | crocodiles | sisters j w : . ee tg oft * fohgeoers wert kf iS snakes ; ¢ a i a Sas Roe i arms & yal lsd | foreheads | rabbits : : tee Nee i (see ee STE iat. ope walls Hons wv aa ff qe “eercis | wr hy uty bridges families ‘ Wooo | a Fo ! ae ne, i » Poe4 | jk, | hr camels mee ea ) socks fingers | z i : woo a 4 Woe » WAEDS ~ iy yh 9 scarves ! * if a | ; trousers We! ee | J! 9 pe shoes mothers : Saar sm * | = wis | oe secs ! 3 : cn ae | 3 » Mer i a || om Horses doors 2 oe A gs _ WINGO 8 Shas h 3h a bags parrots : | mm _ Sty see, | corr oe } i Oo rw cheeks oranges i |elbows Mosques , rulers : a o se i lamps set hc | GT Wists keys SCISSOTS desks cubes stars phones pyramids | faces boys hands A ow 3 | olen = 4 “oF feet monkeys trains cats hearts Pens shirts books shoulders chairs dogs fongues COlOUIS triangles MilTOors squares lips t ships devils rockets chests friends (m3 | boxes frags doctors backs j enemies fOoOms necks BYOS mouths elephants of i: * Be ae ee nema OE mma i aedniat ieee noth naheaaitees § rahtaT acre Broken Plurals of Adjectives: These are usually used for describing male human beings. Use zounc feminine singular adjectives to describe plural objects, and sound feminine plural adjectives te descroe plural female humans. Examples Tall boys Tall girls Long pens Long rulers tb 35h uw « we mG ge ky“fal Demonstrative Pronouns SA Tre NOSE are... sil) we pave come across the singular and dual demonstrative pronouns. We are now going 7o learn “ow TO ase demonstrative pronauns fo refer to plural nouns. You need to follow different ruies depending 7 yternar you are referring to objects/items, or people. : ermonstrative pronouns with objects ue o a “es Siguicy psirutine demonstrative pronouns bA2 and Js are used when referring fo plural AOM-uMaS 4 eo = ‘teams, nO matter whether they are masculine or feminine. a = pe Gig ms These are spoons. ge. oth Thesearepens , asl 6 AA oe ae 2 - o wt o att o o =“ * * -* * £ os Tiase are giraffes. lal yj ELS Those are rabbits. al ji Sus i = “ “ 2, Gemonstrative pronouns with people =O: domonstrative pronouns are used when referring to humans in the plural, “he a se ye ind fracas “These are” and is used both for masculine and feminine people. 3 es ue means “Those are” and is also used both for masculine and feminine people. aw These are girls ese oe gins 2 ore teachers (fj Piura ate are nurses f} [or rom vee em 2 ER ae rer vt at 3 af o + Pa eels Pees These are boys ‘ >¥ 4] oY pa wl “ew 2 2 a me 7 - a Coley Zhe gf Those are boys =. 3 ¥ gi S14 - we a te # ae aod Z ae le es sV ga These are doctors (m.) io lei oY 5a oe ee Foe “ at 4 Ag, B | = # OT in RB fe) ai Those are teachers (M.) . dg -— heh 4 Dual | Singur Summary: This Is... /These are... . olds oh as . ats 1s Masculine object(s) : Sledeals ula . jaels oa Feminine objectis) ee eee ate ste “ae ' . . Olds ca AU me Masculine person/peopie : wo 2 2 “ 4a o gut . hs oul ey 8a Feminine pérson/peopleExercise 32: Study the rules governing demonstrative pronouns on the previous pages carefully. Then copy out each word from the bex at the bottom of the page under ihe correct heading in the tabie below. There are fourieen appropriate words for each column heading. Your mission is to find tremi ft « Jo # - Ges - - # a ” * bd “, - Zs a . = a ws 5 * oo A wl Fi a a vs, a og a we ff -} a6 . x 8 vs e - a Jf wl ~ @ 6 be meg : gor Gu clT Gtths GUL Ogle ai cll. jo) cbt. bb) zs f ft oe Wee o foo eo 5. a . ws a z we e Fe 7 won. Poe 3 | Oo ggee bt ya) ee Slow ue | am SS Oi lS lobe Cio et | | goog 8 ooo - ide nf . wo wooo e wrt “Bs 3. « ae ae f a : here! Cole 05 lobe ols ‘| aren! fe al j>- Ske hae ena Ac eee, 7 5 ig _Numbers from 1 to 10 As with nouns and oghectves, numiben-oho hove masculine and feminine fonds. in this bok, we will begin wih the numbers | to LO one iam thep nine gona thom Numbers 1 and 2 a 2 “=. é elaond Solely om siden wed in Aratec becouse you Can convey Ihe idea that.o noun i singular simply Bry . # odding tanwean 10 fhe enciof a word Theeotore eis Conveys the meaning ‘a fone) book Samdorty, the nunubers oi cared ole an seigiom Used becouse you woLid ute fa Guo! to show thet than fe hwo of 0 portiqular noun. theetore OLES ona kt Coney the ida of Numbers 3 to 10 Ona of the infenesting ond important points to mote obrmut using fhe mombers from 3 fo Win Arabic is thot the herrinine form of numba Gaed when refering fo madcubre nour. Ondithe masculine form of number it used when refering to ferrining mowing! The nouns will be in ther plural form, cnc will end with hwo kosres On Ere indefinite torn,Exercise 33; Complete the table below using the cornect masculine and feminine word nurckeis. Exercise 34: Count the number of iterns in each picture and write a phrase in Arabic to descrips what you see following ihe pattern of the example provided, Make sure you match ine carvec? number forms to the nouns.Be «ww # ao ~ o@ # We thee prayers and thelr number of rak’ahs Laas pkey modell & (bead oe The Doran Proyer two rok’ ahs Olas 3 pri 3M we “Og ¥ ae Trocs woon Prayer four rakahs chs, a pee oY ote A Og | | ire Affernoon Prayer: four rak‘ans obs ) & | pas B\Ce i i é i ; ot at the Sunset Prayer: three rak‘ahs es | ee eral BMS wate Fog Pos. waning Proyed: four rak'ahs os) au) sli To ; : O° POTeaRL ac aVGIS i gine « SMe : : Days of the week | murine sds a“ fos ee iogte ieee, unit le, P aad Sunday : so # | aS pe Monday : aia 5 ! See, ee Tuesday Woo boomer age pes Wednesday : aft Go . Sars Ke ra Thurncaay " eveniig gli Friday , eg. a a i “ ay a | Saturday I c é 8 A - ( al Fa ; eee Recra! . + ‘ox fer _ a 4?Nationalities and Countries a Py ee oe Pe: ae a ae are = D ‘aed La rae) tee oe \ ¥ We have created you all out of a male and a female, and have made you into nations and mes so | that you might came fo know one another. Verily, the noblest of you In the sight of God is the one whe | is most deeply conscious of Him. (Surat al-Hujurat, ayan 13) . Where are you from? Selected Couniries wit ee. ¢, 28 at - Where are you (m.} from? Afghanistan BliuJlesi Souci Arabia 4 A game “> eo ae 2 | Pakistan OKA S Kuwait wheal Su —l!am from Jordan. . : “ Bangladesh as rag es lam Jordanian. ' aes Malaysia 44 jade | Jordan ood ! —Where ts she from? . woe ! | yp ytan Indonesia Berra a hail | Ernirates met he BG — She is from Pakistan. Nigeria Ay aes : res pe a “8 oe ao She is Pakistani senegal Jteind Oman Sent | - . | Kenya dock | Egypt pee | | Jd Exercise 35: Translate the following seniences into | ingig igi | varnar x = Arabic in your exercise books. eT i 1, Where is he from? Brin alle, | Palestine eee He is from Iraq. He Is iraq). ne ce eG England 8 ASI | syria 2 | 2. Whereisshe from? ' a a she is from Syria. She is Syrian. Scotland 5 JakeS Cal! Lebanon shia! 3. Is she British? Oey mea! Yes, she is British. Feland Sohn), | Sudan ee 4, {she Nigerian? America AS 21) aigeric pal No, he is Somalian. oS i es dod Conada Moroces eet 5. Are you (m.} from Bangladesh? mt | No, I'm from India. | am Indian. “Wi? s3 Austrailia Aga ew Tunisie _ pew 3 6 Are you (fj Palestinian? ” ee om fe | No, i'm from Jordan. | am Jordanian. Ching “peaadl: Somatia gM aadell ! i 7, Where ore you (f.) from? wel | te r lam from Egypt. | arn Egyptian. Japan Ou | Turkey os of | ace | 8. Where are you (m.) from? France dnt yi idan ee 1 lam from Pakistan. fam Pakistani. A8