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'i
=v '5 = C1 =7 8+1 = ci‘
=v H—=¢X=0' x(5+1\,—-c=o
=7
~//e"‘¢e the 9e.nero»I 501- is (9-c;>Q(xg +x—c;) =0 ‘
I !
Exa 1
>LP-(x+X+&1)P+(x+x¢y_»g5){>_~;.3 ’
_..-.-.0
» ' ;S¢Dl:~ ’ 3‘
fince. the _qLvenle.q- £5 5at£sf(eci_ by P=1

1 ' I - '
‘ v
J
~
.
,.
.1
1
/' ' B9 In
4'
= O X —X?-1*, -1I:‘
I
:O
Vv
X
:7 v(P"-Q (‘XP_73-X1?-3'P +1131‘) ‘ A l
X X El 13 .5
I
=> (P—1)[ XP (P~X)--9(P_1)] = O * +1?-a xg Q

I
I
~ 1=»(P-O ('P—5O(XP—g;) = O
' ='> P-I =9 50,,

' P-1 = o ‘or xP_9 Q: O. _ k
I ~
-/. 7H ' !'P‘_-.—‘|- (.3. u U P-—'>¢ = 0 ~ >'_F’—';J»= o ' >
otx — .= vp 1¢.i‘»‘_
A
OUL . » dlx ‘j
1; f+v_|o(y-dx{
- .| =
vde1=
_XdX Y_7
.-__.=%__
OUL
dg :
I
1
| |
'
2!
:7 Jdfj =
1 .
J0‘-X :7 I018 '=I'1dv7L' I
GU‘
=v g=>¢+‘¢ =7_ El7=X/2+c

2 J H “ST
:7
4
.
I ' '
|I’1\_-j '='|r1X lm '
\;;~7L—_c_ =0 :7 51-1/2A-c==o
=>
C I -‘F C
‘
' " ’ ' . =7 E:l~cx =o

J/erwcefh \ ‘ .
6'" 9e"<”-"°’ SOUS (‘J"X"C)(9-'1;2—C)(Ei-C1) =0
j % _S@E.vaM@’ Em‘ Y %
TRQ diff. eq_

=0 [5 £5O£Ol id be jg,‘/Obie
or y '
' ' car-7 be ‘Pm: i ~the ' form l
: " IQ V H=F(x)p) . '
Exm 53
_y0h-
%9*PX =P1x“
H .P1X‘l_-PX
' 5
.. Examle
% %
5 =-P211» P
V
—%l é)
’
@. SO|:-’ '
.
@ w,r.{_. 7L. we QQL QQ. @ w.7-.{;_ x_ we.
(ii; 3 2- ~ ci:T) S2E;i :2 T)l1_ :z:x:F) s2£I2_

.02
_
¥
P=F-\- (21P+1ci1'i 7_ ' \
__ J . ' #1»
|
-7 P = /4xPz+’2xl'P %~l;_7>__x Q_L_P -
7 ‘om ‘
on
:
V
' .
:V (‘ZIP-r + p_p Z
O
;J‘:> QB
Om I
2'" ’P<'*1>5P>—><0_1>2P\,;-9.” _ T’ %§ = P“?
*
L
f ! l otx O -_ 211%; A
I ' *
;'
;-
,
6’?
*1?
-
, r
§’"iiI*
Q:
. I
, ' : ‘ I
. . ..
‘Ti
' ' ‘
I
‘ 1 1 c 1
~1~
V-, »=> ('"iPX°)(1P+x9L—P§ = O => ___2P*-*' 9 .
O“
A
pl
TV.
<11’ ;P(\—..P) ~ “
--.0
.: 3
Q; 1! . ' “ r E
3‘ ':E" =57 l,.2P7.

—- or '2P+X9$LE 0 --> '
dx ‘
a-5:
-
2X
'
_;_.
~
—- \
,v
;
1 X .__.-.--
=2
12 Corwszldr, V _ ‘P "“"’7 i
" — 522$ .£_ = '.‘.__ .__

2P+x $2 = O "7 dP +(P—\\X PL?-\) ®
|
AIL is linear in xv, 3f(P)=-
=719LE=__ 2P ’ '
u out
SZL-E:-—_2C’L¥‘ ,',I'F'=-‘e, .U(P)dP 2|n(P_-|) 1
i
zz =e_"=(P—l)
P X. /vlulkiplgimg @ by i-(:5 _[-F/ w<=_ gél;
1
* ;
:7 .iE-.-..—..
JP 25
it ;<
f AZdl~
(P--v H5 +’2(P-OX_=_'_Eé'-
I :3 = ‘*2 '!'T>‘l(-f ‘fie :> G-1.07-oil 2(-P_Q)LOlP =-(_£'PL\) dp
I . _ _.
- * '~@+'~= ‘ MP-~»11= (—\+‘/P7d.P

~ = lncxlz :7; o([x(P-02]» My?-QdP
“
= ~
».
1
=’ P =1‘/>1‘ ' .
-§--@ 4
Y
_=7 7L(P—V\)
1
= .|"\P—P+C
¢
6/inwimiotimg frorvu ’@, @ - '
-
=7 K_ C-P-rIr\P -
We 9“; 9 = ct C/X A 0?-01 @

- I .
=7 X3 = Q11 __c Putgng value O{ ' 5'“ Q9-»@, we. get

|
-IT“
_> 7‘-tJ"CX-\-C,-=.Q_
~
1
3-;P( C—P+|n P .
I . H“ (P-Q7" 8+‘) .®
.
@:' @ 8 I've, H19. 50]. OF ®
1» T \ 1 -1 ;
.
wivaalné-FMX % W
TF.e. diff-~ ‘*1-CI

. "
jU€;y,P) =_0 £5
‘
said Lo _be 5O|\/Qble {_Q,- X

i fit c°""“°t b‘%fQ<1torizeok ’o1rwoL com be. Pu-E rm thg form
" X = B1 P§
EXHIHPEQ X7, 1+ Pa
50!:-— |__(_ I '

"' P + *i—--———-—--i~__________ @
-Dif/€»"erw££o££m .
W1‘/‘-f. -
' 9 QC] @ J’
L W6?
-‘I
'.
1
jl. '
»
.dy ='rk"'_Lz!9L-E"\‘g—?-
Pdu
r
cu)‘ V
Q0]
/
1
1
'
* -
91
—-~~-—»~
~
‘ 1
~
‘I
I‘! ~|
=? jdu = j(P-\/P)dP
|
‘:7 [H = ~\-g ____®
give the gemerol so\ 0}

-:- ‘@,
7f1us @- -Lhe gt»/eh
_/ ' ' Q ' £73 O £-
"
D
p form" ‘mm
I
1.
1
'1 \"- “M ' q
iiamls
!'!!1~1; Am eq' '°} the tjpe
‘
[Y-
U = ‘XP-rJ£(P)
Egg,
’ » where
L
P-.= %§_
‘K
'
is Called .
clo£rout’5 Equoh-on
I .
'
°.
Tlncorcm ,
emer-ol Solulzzorw OI lhe e_q. 3 =1p.{_S_(P) £5 Hy cx_‘_§_(q

Pram»?
~ :1=xP1-§(P3 -§@
13i_{f&r€l:iOC£r‘W9 Q) w.,-.t If We get '
'
?
dx
P"
iH_I_~ P+1§K+j.(P1-ii}:-L " *
>
! /
+ .f(P)
,
I
, "’ !+ (X
>3“;
_"—‘
I
I .
\
:1
.1
i <-
L
1
W \
. 1,» 91
3 Remark ' \. .4‘
"*"=*'%"-;»\
I F\ . {he above theorern, i{ we c.or'\sioler x+ §(P3 =
if we. consider 1+}/(P) = 0 I

» ‘
l D,-1 _Jt’(p) =__ pukL-{mg in eq-® ¢{ the above theorem

we get 5 = -P§'(P)-1-.§(P) l '
' TF5 pjor-arnehric £;q5- : ' I t I \
1
ac = —§(P)
9 I '
S
= §<P)'"P§(P)' ' . ..
1 ‘ ‘
f TQPfe’5e(§b‘thQ,'~§if\9LllOF SOL OJr~ -
501- involves no Orbiffad ¢°""5“°""' ¢°"e°'" 5""9'~“o' sown“

7Fn's
\ Example %
0-QETQWPIB Y A W Y
Find‘ the f]€f\£rO| 5QI- Ofd

Find the general sol. amok
UP?‘-*@
:
Sirgulor sol- of _)_!%(‘_4J"P7Q =
' . 5ir'\9ulOr so\-.0§' H =>iP+~‘qP“————‘-
SO|:- .
"
50:“ =0
HP-z'\‘P7(3"{\d ' ‘
T1: M IL? 'i§*"c»(ai1-out; eq; IL is Bt solvable for P, ‘d-I
. Gvé’-POI 5OI=- We com convert G). ite

\
.-
[.
" Cloiroufs eq- Q5
1
I
' ' '
Let U
V.
'= X
2'
1 V: l
E/2
' Iirgulor" SOI=- .-. _du =2xdx a 'dv= Qgddj‘

‘ RHOW U'\Ot7
Now
, 2 -
d -
~' i V
“I
.
cloirauf5'Eq-
»
{he -2—:J—£?:i-i— = -3-!

u
~'rn i5
__
.~>,'
.
iii:
oLx-
XOW,
§jc:U-1
‘ . l ‘ I ‘ )
'0x _°®
r 1
\
1
\
x
z»"
‘
,
' "
5 '
Q
/
V
_
'
V
93‘
._\
T We can eh'mi'noL- P {row-@, <1: ' ' It-"15 C|Oir'0uk'5, eq-
1 .,, Y,“ ~ ~ . (_1)}'-5 ' -'- 1'5
‘L gamer-Q\ sq 15. . "
'2.
c“*.‘3
' ' 4 \
"' ti"_= *3/l1("x)q/3 V -=

»
¢ » . \
-~
- - 2 2
vb = gene:-0| sol.
-
'7 +
~
|. i
‘ E! C.)L Q1 vrQq-
1
»
- 1 7.‘ _:%liX' I I Y = - 1
Eh"-QHIOP sol. ’_ -
...3)(/3
' : 1. ‘
:7 143 =
_.
s-zf\(‘€ v = av
u_Jn.,(%\/TD Z
=7 say‘ _= -31 .
| ~ - - . ,
'
=7 6H 9 3 + 3>L'-1' =_ o req- 5.-@9111; sol. ' =7 = uq +‘ of 1 I

’
V __ olv
<=V— -an
‘
. I '
.‘. S,-r)9u|Clr $01 or above eq_ ‘-5

i r
: Ll = ~H<_v1
‘ ' v
’
X
_'___ @
—
1 =£¢<m-¢v,c'c<v) R
“ rvhare / .
"
'
f<°1)= W2 _-'- ,<c<=n =“2q/ .
. J/Qnce ® becomes, ‘ -
I " r ’ uh = "2q/ -
,
>
, % y = W1-1w€=-W1 1"-ff‘ @
I WQ cL_or\ eli_mi'r\ote._<Iv_ .f~rQn-1 (3)
Y
»
S;-nae ____ _U/2
" v=~v%f
‘ *7 ‘I ='--J/Ll,
-=> -dz = _\/41%,
1 L :7 Li“ 4' =.O feq. -Si‘,-jg. So|_O¥(:\
I
I
|
/
I
.2, !
_/ |v
1
1
Q.‘
II i
V
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1
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r
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Available at '
www.mathcity.org
73',’- _......~_.._. -------—--- -~——-~- - - 7
*4
. V
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'-I
v
. _¢-I»
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.
“"4 ma
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zgg
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£21-
‘Z§'1
?~&a;¢
4-At L'., mld ff. -- ‘i ,

;;§,,_‘].;,.w____
%°M '
5“; s
J.‘ 1' J
;4i-\
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5
I
1 \
/4-
L:-1 J .
4 I ' ’
?_C§:I'I I
1°-1-P-6 = O
5 ~ -
5
35;; ;-
1
'
, j0l;._
1?;
,~ 2.
-.. V P-1P+3P—@ =0 ~
..-it
,~¢' ~
P(P-2)+3(P—2) =0
' ~.\
~ =7
3 =v (P-2)<P+:n =0-
‘*3’
3,
\=...'|;_.
>~_*_.
- -< .
.
..i
',
Now'
=
”
P-r'Z=
° °' 9+3
=0
é’J".
U’:
’ E
r _P—-2 =0 ’ »
KW...‘
/1
KL
1..
dH I O
=v __
OM =
3+3
,1
v .-.‘_
.
=
~
2 ~
"_, <15 .
= Q
if!‘-I
3,?“ '—’7
:
1'-1*
1!
'~
OW ézd-)L =7 <i'v = -3051,
‘Q12?
@w
;\ ,»_
E E
=
=>j
fm
»,4
"61 \
’ :1 GL9 =2]dx =1I<i9 = —3joL1

= 2x -r c
5\\I.>‘;‘
v
1
‘:1
=7 “J = —3x+c
" : * 2x -C =0 ._
Q
'f§1—_‘
E1 -—
355$} . .
%
>8
3‘>L*-“J-C = O
’ 0.
, -L->"
I
v
\//ence the genera, 50,

1
» h
A 4 . ~' -"5 (§l"2X*<l) (31+ y~Q =

'-’¢,’/ J |
' ‘ " ‘ "“ ' 2 1 I

§§5¥.‘1. 75-_P+7(.f;}P....6_LJ =0
.2
Z
1-‘
‘-' ¢ ..
1- ‘Ii'.
.:
I_|. 1
Sol =
n._ '
I
1 I I {
"LPI._ , 1
:7. ~
.e,;-.
Z‘-:"'§'
‘ I 1
X'P—-11‘:1P+3x9P-691 =
_
Y‘ Y
' ' O
2*.-
‘K2,,-J
_7
I
’ 7(P<7¢P-131+
I 3uJ (w(1>_
I I
=9
, - , .
krz-:11.
1.,-
iffg,-ii‘ 9
;§;-;~;r
' -1.;
, V.
' 4 < =v (xP—2LJ) =0 Dr

f_5\
3,\,»;
,,_.._
' 1..
..'~'.’-'_
.¢"‘I"
_.
. (*P+3sv =
" 7‘, M1
9-.‘.:’,.j
1" " ‘
; =7 P 2 H/K
>‘.
= "33
.-= ~
;._‘;
-n
\__v‘;_..
.
7:) P
ii => gag. = 19 /1%
UL-I k ' OLE]
~ =7 'gQ= “IN/X.
I :7 _QL_g. = 1C_Q_( H
$1 =-QQ1
I
\I 3 x . =>
T-_'—.v‘| _§j|= 2!rwX+lm¢ V X
iv hwy ,_:;;A Z:
v (Q!
(“L L
€ _3§gg .
— 171* WC, , I ii, ___‘l_1_*

-
::)
xiv?"
,
9
-=
= ax’
\q C-kl
F
/" .
:7"
=7
‘mi = l{3+I¢
= *3lr“\X+ l\"‘.L
9 6‘
{ H_Ci’- __. 0 . __7' lrwg;

—— _
— nc'13
l_
" =7 }_) = (IX:-5
. ~ I ‘=7 ‘ ‘I1 “' CZKI =0

\//emce the 3<-:r\e.r"o! 501.. 1'5 (_y—cx’)(_y-cli J
= 0
@ 1531-+(’><i.-»u>M1>->¢ = O
|
[
I, I .5012’?
,.
‘
' 'P1&l+vLP—SP—v£=o ‘
‘L =>-P(1_’§J+>'O"(T’H+>Ob=°
' ‘ => .(P"=1+vQ(P-M)’ =4 O
. =1. Pu+vc=o "or P—\"=o

vPH+.X=O ’ Pf‘ = O
=v P = J/5
-"~7 '—-T
d~‘:J
= I
-
_ °__L§_ __ __x -- O-Mk "
=17 -= '--7Ld7L =7
:7 SHOLH = _S7“dX\ £7 E] )L+C

,1 ,~~ ;_»7’.:~_9/»»\
2
_
_
-11
l +¢ . 8--)§"(; = o ~ -
=7 »12-+§jZ *=C-V
; ; ;-:1;- 7.
7L.—r[\;!-—-(;1'[=0
2
,. -
»- I
Hence the" req-" sol- is _(1L1+§J5-Q\(§l—X—c;§ = o
A P3-"(>5+w+9’>'F+ >¢’g+xu’= O .
» . 501:} ‘
firwce -Uni ‘give’-_n Qq. (5 la I L

X | _,¢3:,@j_
H_ X':!+ 15$/1
L-
» §@~L5r»*@@<1byP=>¢ 1 1* >>m»i3¢,~
2 - 2
A
/
(P"°Q (P+iP—XEJ -5]) -= Q ' I 7L nu}-JL2 J O
:7 (P"_O[P_~'I) I +..v((P*“J'3] T: o
=7 (P117 Lowv uwv + x(1>-5)]: O
=Y (P-Iv mm u>+~_l+»m = Q ‘
i\~
95
v
v
Q-" '
'95
.
_rn..vi .
OI‘ p_’_X-0-\j = O
:24:-" '
E ."'5v
5 ¥
P-"X, =:_ Q
P.__Ej =_ Q P -1' 7L-1' fj =- Q u
iil - cU
m
_-
_.._ = 3 — _>-+3 =-St (linear 1'05
‘ .;. (ii
:7 =—."!“)L dx ' :7 .
=v§ol‘J = §1;<>L>x
9~ PF“ 3 = Q -
S O__L_';; SOL r4_u!£~.iF\§jir'19 thQ'o.bovQ e.q-bf/_1.y=’

i :7‘ ‘:1 == ’f‘ CL‘ 3 ‘ u WC-L 9e_f, .
'
:7 7.\_-1-‘-)L1=:2C|
1
'i|l"\L-:.)&_§_C_l
J
K ‘ i ‘L
:7 29-xz—-Q =0
. 1-7 Mg) = lnQK+lnc;“ =7 adj + gédx =--—X<E2,LcLK
,5
=7 Imnj =_ [(43 (lei =7 O{(§]é(~) '= .*"iE7_LO(K
=7 LJ = pa‘ =7 Jd(Ué3_= —J>Léo£X
=7 9"ce:k= ° A=v ye‘ =-[1-é‘.-jédx 1 51] Pow

- 1
‘—= -—A-3 -2-5.5+ L;
=*/ jg = _x+1 +céX

-1 *
‘ E
. -
F " :7 _- Q)
‘I _ Ce Z O
.
J/ence Uqe rc-‘.q- 501- 1': (2y_1z-_c,§ (1-r y_|'_¢ Q) (5_¢_é) = C
.1-- .
$ >c1>2+(g-1-ac’)1>_1(g_1) = O
‘ 5012- l r
..'
jinca -
the“ SW9-m €¢l- is 5C1Usf|"€’Ok X X 9_l"XZ _XU+{

KI:
u by P = 1 7‘ 735’.-X
O
(F’—vQ(1P+*J—=@ - » ”“ 5*" I
=7 P—-X = 0 ‘or v(P-\-EJ—-| -=

O
" '
I
P-_v(: Q ’ ‘KP~l~§J -—l'= 0-

../ v_ O(\
1!!
=7 = xd~?<
<15 :7 X0-“J + qoix = oi>(
[:21 2 :7 Jdjé
r =.51f;,Lx => -<>4_(v<\J7 = d>L
. . Z .
"1I‘.
.1
-_-9, 5- = 1/2 ;,. Q] ' :7 JQIOLEJ) = j-obi
=1 29 — val =zc. 1*? 1‘! = X +C1
:1 11-J—11_Q' = 0' =7 J ><-u-X —<11 = O r
\//ence. 1.!~.e n ~ < ’~ ~11! P‘ !§“\]'€‘Y__€(i4‘V\‘ : ~

=
46
/ 97
~ 7LHP2'i’ (X-F 5)?‘-r 1 -.-_ Q
'Sv!Jl:§- -
\
: I I ‘ vu-1P‘+vu?+:JP+ \' = .0
--.-‘v ~
I I
I
=> MP (EJPM) +(gP+I) = -o
|=‘.' (3P+1j (1LP+|§ = O - '~

0
.~
I
=v aP+|"=o , or ”
7(P+|:
‘ HP+-.| = o “(P4-I-=0‘ ' 5
' =7 tJi§’+|=Ao
oli "'="7'3((.Jl_H__ -_-_‘._|
- X d
:7 fj '-= --OLX
=> dy = .- QR
‘I|
_-:7
J, X
—7(-I-'C,
J “T7 J‘-*1! = —-if-.>’_>£'
Ax"
W -;_
—-= V
:7 = -2x +2c|
1-; ’
,,,
_, I
:7\,,_,,_
, ’ =7 £1 -_-_
lrwili
5-I-21 -1: =-
:7 =0 5"‘ |FW—%
\/~/erWc'i9. hle_>1‘Qq- 50!. ,-5_ (Aa+u-c)<a-Ingi)

1. ’
=
' I I | I
1
- . , ;
I
J _‘_ 1 Q 'v -» ' _ t

. QM
P“ (X-2U'*3)P+3')L2Ia' v= Q
' ' §D|:-' " " '
P2?-7L2‘:1P—3'P+ 3'23 -_= 0

‘ => P(’P-Vt‘,-J‘)-—3v(P-7z“g§'=Q'
' =7 (P-vZa)(P'—:s7 =’ ' O
=7 ~11 “O
—
0" P-3 = 0
_
P—X2‘d=<>_' A%_
gay‘ P 3 o
‘
V
=v_<}1_=
Id>c"'_°L5'- '
7“—'=3 Qua
mi‘ ,
I %
»
‘-1) iv. =. _
-—-7 J
oL'._
=;~@
3
! =w@~=w@~»
‘ Y
J i
" /3 *
X;J
“Cl, :7
:7 !mLJ+ [me j_3X*~C, = O.
I7 [F1 C'*j ——7Q\/3 = O
,-.=v 3/mc/:1-7<,3 = 0 \/7/erjce he req-sol. ,-

5
/
\3{"<-&1"">8)(£I—3>:_~c r
' .
2!
5'
..‘
-‘I 2
iv’ “I1; 93» -
If-L '
ll». ~LJP2'*"(7¢"t12)P-1(5) =0 ‘
Z!
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v
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_
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1
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Merging Man and math?
/
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-
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P1
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= P+89
.
I 1'1
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= b-LTP5
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v
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.
-45% = 'Ps1+1<=1P‘
'_P
~
--1
x
g‘-’x-:___1-2 -JQE P -4 I
_.A
—2oP1( , '
5'
'3. P1
:27 P '1 _—--7-_-i--_"--CT
Lay .29 ‘:1
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PdP zygia. ‘- >
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3 P l v
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I
2. '1
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I1" »
"-—->
‘
IP(P3—q9)
, I
;=
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<1 s
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<12.
.
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I-2 OP-L
"P.(Pi-‘-180 = O-H :7 JP?-|_ d3 dp =
-
"=37 2‘:5 (.PZ ‘-i9z)_%'g -r -gJ—";:—“':l
._ 3' dP' '__ J -'zoP1 CH, “

—> (P—wa13(1‘J:,@-P3 —°
‘ -
==v QHHJFYJ
~ ’
=
JP‘~'
::>
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="0 of 23%.?-P-=0 =7 H [PL] -=_-_--7_0_S___E_’_-___;
I—F__‘.
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23% -P =0 » u g~]P‘—| ‘
:7 -= P :_2a dP -2QS
T:-v
’1
»
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if :::
:1-1 ».
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=~2@\[1’J_1;‘—\
I ~ -
;1i-cosh?)-1@Co=hP
'\ ~\ _ '
=> -2'~P -"_- In -1-lnc' j -

' 1 H _' '| " j—‘~-QP/P1-|+oCo:>hP-2oCosh‘P
:7, IrwP =" lrwalg ' -, _\'
- _<>C_oshP+C_
=v Pz=¢,3 . '_ = —<>.P |p1_|
g= or 5-=-c,p‘*_@ <;- '0 CosH‘P

=v P;¢|. _'—‘7 ti = —<> P+ E’ _P'-_‘ .
Put this value o{ 3 in @,w@_ 9'e¢

X -.= -1-1P2-_¢I_L'l>_z+ 215'-CP
'1. 1
Ivx uC+
-..-_'-—L" ' y
9
\ I
=» K = <1+@(<1P>/HQ @ %
--a\\@\>\°<;\1p<‘>
°
in
%
;\§_l'\{‘c§ Parom. sol; olf 91‘f€f1 eq. '
4
I
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/@5-
r'*"“'
. (2
9'Q~ r‘ ax ~ .
29 2
e(P7‘)'*@'P =0 -463 31>’-_2>u=+g= "

$012-
. , ‘ $0|s--
@ £5 not 5o\voble‘§or'P, j-01‘ 9 Tl: Ldsolvoble for I, 50 we kokg
I 5° 2 we. _C.Of-W\/.€_.rt (D, 1'/1 C.lo_irQt'$ eq.~ ‘ZIP = ';j‘P1+ 3
K»
_
I
I
as»
. -
-
"
—v 1 -
= 72‘:lP + ‘/2 91>

—\
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t F
LL = e27‘ 3 I \/= -
Q
29 .
® ‘Y\I.yf-t
r
Q’ We
:.~ .
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1
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-I?-e1%! 013 j Q5
dg =, —5-‘(,5-Q3 +.P)+*,-(—2113§1l’§n5
oU;J
)
-,
;’
. ~
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AZQGQH
18 ’ -
7 '2 _|P P OL
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olv OUJ-e P1 P
<»
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*
1
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% W52
ukd-X
= ii du l-+~-P=
=>
P »<\-;-g
= 'dEi-- '=> *’-P = ; -J— Q2
7 A
*’<'P=>Ow
P
I
Y
_' :v P=__ I -_=v -P(|~%~_)~~J(\-1,;-13%’ =0

H1‘
1
1-"
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0;’
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V'@ becomes, Zw ?(|.__‘151)+H('“J§5=) % =-0.
--- :7 (' “L2.

P)(P“jc1H)
QB ._
. ;
“q+V(%%Yu>1 =0
~-V
.P-F5
*0 ‘
u! 1
.-_-_7g
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»;=._ .i
0;.
id
I.
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+9‘ 4
.:'.7 C,Of'WSx'd~€.r'1
VUQL_!___V,4‘,(d:l§2=
dli du O
~' P ‘I’ H QB O
=v ,v = u(§T‘i§ +(%:LY_
] . ~ -
a5 -7-__
-
“”“'¢!“
.
clo.irc1ut's Qq. Q 5%?

P
:
ii
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JL/E-f7C£i its general -501. is, =7 = _

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7. l P 5 ‘
,=> V
.¢=_?‘~*=e,<'-_+<;
* Zl°*°1 => Q-LP _.;
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'98‘ \‘\‘7~€‘. '
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'1 4. ...A \-.
i I
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2 y
v
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1-.<
M
J I
5
. ...\
107
We Cor\V€.r\:$ into
V;
50“, ah
-A ~
r..
l (PX-—.3§ (?g_-nq -_=2P.
_,
for-fy\ Q5 I
.
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1'3
.'.
r Let" ', 1§»@u+?X1—\>9‘-w--1? =- L
éféosidi ',!dv="'§c5ggd.d Y}; is noc":o\.vo_b\e§@'r1>,>c,~J i
Now’ .' ’ . 50, we. comverb LE; 1.'EO J

9
Co“5Ud';3 .= I ’ '
Qloxirciutg éq- <15: K:
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D ,.
Cosxdot Q“-‘ 7 2.
U:
A ' . .' ,
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:7 gg -= Sx
C----0 QL! . v'- d "‘"2"°‘?“
-- .
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dx ’ ‘Z
cos 3 ow ‘r
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w
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C035
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2
I ~ - '- - ~
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- l§-.-QL~- v
x$i- v
x
d - H
d‘-1 8 Owv ' *<>L"V I
=> v = ~u P-‘1 +(.c:2 1.. =>;/(1191-§><@£Y‘+q =11/~o_L1

%
.@w om _ O L ow ow ~ CKU.
R 1-5, ,ic'f<_§p':‘ro~u{5 eq. 50 (L5 fl =7. (U -Q!‘-‘fl/-1-\/vi 0'“/"_ .' OW

. 1
an
1
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n
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=7 5znij“'?'.-. ¢5,;mw<+cL ' " V ' Ow v
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mt W?‘ 1;;
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r
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11! 31
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=72 pgpzcl _=' Q1‘ %S°""‘ - V
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iii
1
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,_.@-—- __‘_-gi-d_i =;‘i dvy.’ the Siguvlor 501. o§the_- .
U " cloir-ouh's" Eq. 3 =)_§P+5-(P) t

_.
_> V14-{I--%1:
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par-onqej;/r'1c_ forwn, 1'

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01“ 5" - V U =, ;\,\"$;
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<
v_@<¢v "= ,
».n.
=> 9.211 "'"@-"1 " V.

Y
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‘=7 ' v dv 7- '

becomes, os '
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. . ; ' W? con
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P ' -
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1- 1 O"? O‘ " ’ » .
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lg
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1:'._"' .
c_|o_ir:~o~uL§ e_q_
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we CO P‘ Q H771 (mo (Q ( '/(_'*1'7"1 (:1); C1

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or =.".”'l}-
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docs not. involve om5 arbitrorg constant and, Ln gevfwerol
1
is mot obi".-oir1e0L _fron"1- ihe geerol 5olukior\ U5 9ivim9 ’°"H

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Uirw ihé P-disc. is givgm by f]3Z_i;[\Q __-_O
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