STUDY OF PETROL ENGINE FUEL SYSTEM

Aim: -

To study the various devious utilized in petrol engine fuel system

Petrol Engine Fuel System

Petrol feed system

Under this system a combustible air fuel mixture is supplied to the engine. The petrol from the
fuel tank reaches through the fuel pump, filter and carburetor to the engine cylinder as shown in
figure below.

The functions of the fuel feed system are

i. To store fuel in the tank

ii. To supply the requires amount of fuel to the engine and in proper condition
iii. To indicate the fuel level to the driver in the tank
The fuel from the fuel tank can be supplied to the engine cylinder by the following system

a. Gravity system
b. Pressure
c. Vacuum system and
d. Pump system
 PETROL ENGINE FUEL SYSTEM

1. Fuel Pump: -

It is a device which delivers fuel from the tank to the carburetor. Mostly it is mounted on the
side of the cylinder block, in front of the engine fuel pumps are generally of two types as follows

i. Mechanical fuel pump

ii. Electrical fuel pump
 MECHANICAL FUEL PUMP SI ENGINE

Mechanical Fuel Pump: -

Mechanical fuel pumps are operated by an eccentric on the engine cam shaft. It is mounted
on the side of the cylinder block in in-line engines. In some V-8 engine, it is mounted. Between
the two-cylinder tanks

A diaphragm type mechanical fuel pump consists of a rocker arm which is operated by
means of eccentric mounted on the camshaft. The inner end of rocker arm is connected to the
flexible diaphragm by means of a pull rod. (High grade collar diaphragm impregnated with
synthetic rubber). The inlet of the pump is connected to the fuel tank where as the outlet to the
carburetor chamber of the pump consists of a suction or inlet valve and a pressure or outlet valve.

As can shaft rotates, the eccentric operates the rocker arm thus pushes the diaphragm up
and down. The down ward movement of the diaphragm creates a vacuum in the chamber there by
opening the suction valve and entering the fuel through the strainer into the chamber. The upward
movement of the diaphragm pushes the fuel up which causes the inlet valve to close and outlet
valve to open. The fuel through the out let valve goes to the carburetor float chamber.

When the float chamber of the carburetor is completely filled up then the needle valve of
the float chamber closes so that no fuel can entre. Under this conditions the fuel pump cannot
deliver fuel to the carburetor. But in this case the rocker arm continues to arm and the diaphragm
remains at its lower most position until the needle valve of the float chamber allows the fuel to
enter carburetors therefore, to avoid building up of excessive pressure and damaging of the pump,
a flexible connection between the rocker arm and the pull rod is provided so that the diaphragm
may not be operated all the time. In this manner the fuel supply to the carburetor is regulated in
accordance with its need.

Electrical fuel pump: -

Electrical fuel pump is mounted on the fuel tank it contains an impeller which is driven by
electric motor. Another type of electrical fuel pump is mounted on the engine compartment.

ELECTRONIC FUEL PUMP

It also consists of a diaphragm which is attached to the armature. The armature itself is attached
to a bronze rod which passes through a solenoid winding. The outer end of the armature rod is
hinged be means of a rocker which is provided with a pair of breaker points made of tungsten. A
compression type coil spring is provided to push the armature. As well as diaphragm in the
pumping chamber. The chamber consists of a suction valve and a delivery valve. By turning-on
the ignition switch the solenoid winding generates magnetic flux, which pulls the armature and the
diaphragm mover up the upward movement of the diaphragm creates suction, and the fuel is drawn
in to the chamber through the inlet valve. But as soon as the armature moves up it disconnects the
electric supply, the magnetic flux dies and the armature falls down, causing the diaphragm to move
to create pressure in the pump chamber. this causes the outlet valve to open and inlet valve to close.
The fuel goes out to the carburetor. The down ward movement of the armature again sets electric
supply to the solenoid and the same process is repeated. The pump continues to operate until the
ignition switch is turned off.
 SOLEX CARBURETOR:

SOLEX CARBURETOR

Solex carburetor is a down draught type carburetor. It consists of the following circuits.

FLOAT CIRCUIT:

The float circuit controls the supply of the fuel from the filter into the float chamber. The float
is provided at the side of the chamber and operates a needle valve to close and open the passage
through which the fuel enters the chamber.

STARTING CIRCUIT:

Staring device of solex carburetor consists of a starter valve on the form of a flat disc having
holes of different sizes. There holes connect the petrol jet and starter jet sides to the passage which
opens into the air from just below the throttle valve. The shorter liver is operated by the driver
from the dash board, which adjust the position of the starter valve so that either bigger or small
holes come opposite the passage. At the time of starting, bigger holes connect the passage so that
more fuel may be to the engine. The throttle valve being closed, the whole of engine suction is
applied to the starting passage, 1. The petrol from the float chamber passage through the starter
petrol jet and rises into passage, 2. Some of it comes out, and mixes with the air entering through
the air jet. This air fuel mixtures are rich enough for starting the engine.

After the engine has started, the starter lever is brought to the second position, so that smaller
holes connect the passage reducing the amount of petrol. In this position the throttle valve is also
partly open, so that the petrol is also coming from the main jet. The reduced mixture supply from
the starter system in this situation is however sufficient to keep the engine running. When engine
reaches the normal running temperature, the starter is brought to “off” position.

IDLING AND SLOW SPEED CIRCUIT:

 At idling or low speed, the throttle valve is almost closed. The engine suction is applied at
the pilot jet which supplies petrol. The jet itself draws petrol from the main jet circuit. The air is
drawn from the pilot air jet. The air and petrol mix in the idle passage. The throttle valves.

Slow speed opening is provided on the venture side of the throttle valve, to ensure smooth
transfer from idling circuit to the main jet circuit, of flat spot. When the throttle, valve is opened
wide, the suction decreases at idle port and applied slow speeds openings.
NORMAL RUNNING CIRCUIT:

During normal running, the throttle valve is partly open and the engine suction is applied at the
main jet, which supplies the fuel. The air entries directly through the venture and mixes with the
fuel. The air fuel mixture is governed by the throttle valve.
Acceleration Circuit:

For acceleration, extra fuel is required by the engine, which is supplied by a member pump.
The pump lever is connected to the accelerator, when the accelerator pedal is depressed, the pump
level presses the membrane forcing the fuel into the main jet, when the pedal is returned the
membrane mover back, sucking the fuel from the float chamber through the ball valve.

Solex carburetor is extensively is extensively used in most of the case like Hindustan
Ambassador, permier padmini, jeep standard, Bajaj, Dodge Maruthi etc,

Result:

Thus the petrol engine fuel system is studied.