4 DESIGN PROCEDURE 41 Dosign fowehart ==) "EVALUATION OF SOIL INVESTIGATION ‘REPORT N-VALUE, UNCONFINED (COMPESSIVE STRENGTH OF SOIL. ‘BASIC BESIGN OF FOUNDATION ‘CONSIDER OTHER FOUNDATION TYPE (CALCULATE LOADING CONDITIONS PILE TYPE ‘BEARING PILE £ ‘DBVERINATION OF PILE ‘DETERMINATION OF PILE MATERIALS. SIZE AND DIAMETER SIZE AND DUMETER ‘CALCULATE ALLOWABLE PILE ‘CALCULATE ALLOWABLE PILE COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND (COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH AND ALLOWABLE REARING CAPACITY [ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY (CHECK SETTLEMENT ‘DETERMINATION OF ALLOWABLE BEARING CAPACITY OF PILE ‘CHECKING HORIZONTAL ‘CAPACITY AND PULL RESISTANCE CAPACITY OF PLE cHECK DETERMINATIONS PILE ARRANGEMENT AND NUMBER ‘CONFIRMATION OF BEARING CAPACITY ‘BY PILE LOADING TEST END OF PILE DESIGNAPPENDIX — A An Extracted Translation of ; “ RECOMMENDATIONS FOR DESIGN OF BUILDING FOUNDATIONS " (1988 ) by Architectural Institute of Japant J § 62 Allowable Vertical Boaring Capacity ( Co® Soy iy) . ‘The long term allowable vertical bearing capacity of a pile should be defined as “less than the allowable compressive strength of the pile determined in accordance with 2 of this section” and also less than values obtained by (1) and (2) methods, (1) Incase the loading test is conducted, approximately 1/3 of the ultimate bearing Capacity recorded. (2) Incase no loading test is conducted, 1/8 of the calculated ultimate bearing capacity. In actual determination, however, due consideration should be given to the local contribution rate of pile tip bearing capacity and friction force of the pile surface to surrounding soil. . The allowable compressive strength of a pile should be determined at 2 value which is obtainable by multiplying the allowable compressive stress by minimum cross sectional area. Due consideration should also be given to the reduction rate due to length/diameter rato, |. The short term vertical bearing capacity of a pile should be determined at a less value of the short term bearing capacity calculated in accordance with 2, also it should be Jess than the double of the allowable long term vertical bearing eapacity of the soil determined by 1. . Apile foundation which can be regarded as a "group of piles", the grouping effect shall also be taken into considerations. . When a pile penetrates a cohesive stratum which is liable to be consolidation settlement, the negative friction should be taken into considerations, And if pile is applied in an area where the liquefaction failure ofthe sol is likely, due study should be made of such a phenomenon.Asa rule, the ultimate vertical bearing capacity of a pile is composed of two factors, namely “pile tip resistance" and “friction of the pile surface to surrounding soil", and is calculated as follows: (4) Ru= Rp +R, = Rpt @5cH where Ru: ultimate vertical bearing capacity Rp: ultimate pile tip resistance Ry: ultimate friction force of the pile surface to surrounding soil © ; perimeter length friction force coefficient of soil layers H. individual thickness of each layer of soil Inextreme cases of complete "friction type" or "pile tip support type" piles, if you evaluate individual values of: Ru Seal of the following formula, the allowable bearing capacity of a pile, Ra, can be calculated with acertain safety factor as follows: Ru ® Ras—--Wp where Ra: allowable vertical bearing capacity Ru: ultimate vertical bearing capacity F . safety factor Wp: self weight of the pile Generally speaking, the allowable vertical bearing capacity of a pile is understood as the load which is allowable to be applied on the pile head. Accordingly, in the above mentioned calculation, the self weight of the pile is used only as a subtracting factor. However, some say that not the self weight itself, but the weight difference between the pile and that of the soil displaced by the driven-in pile shall also be taken into considerations,As soon as the load equal to the allowable vertical bearing capacity is applied on the pile head, the pile ( pile head ) starts settling, so that the rate of contributions of pile tip and friction resistance which counter act to the settlement shall also be confirmed by the following calculation : _ ep © Ras tie where Fp: contribution factor of ultimate resistance atthe pile tip {= 3 ) Fp ; contribution factor of ultimate friction resistance of pile surface to surrounding soil (23 It is important that the allowable vertical bearing capacity of a pile must be less than the value obtained by calculation (B) and its distribution of the bearing capacity ascertained by calculation (C).a } § Determination ofthe Sei! Bearing Capacity (ln * oft We extn >) A number of studies have been made on the soil bearing capacity, especially the bearing capacity at the pile tip. When it is presented as a calculation formula of static bearing capacity, the result is usually given as a function which contains such soil constants as internal friction angle (), cohesion (©), etc. However it is very difficult to obtain soil constants from the soil survey results, especially when the bearing layer consists of sand and/or gravel. ‘Therefore, it is a commonly accepted method to estimate the bearing capacity of the soil based upon such a sounding datum as "N Value”. As a matter of fact, a number of calculation formulas are available which are ascertained by experience of comparing estimated bearing capacity with results of actual loading test results, As an example, this institute will discuss the case of "driven-in pile" in the following: top Des (i) Bearing capacity atthe Pile tip ( lle ny hv Wye eum mas eee) Meyerhof says that there is a certain correlation between the N Value and the pile tip bearing capacity of sandy soil and/or sandy gravel soil, which can be simply fed as Rp = 43 Ap. ‘And the above mentioned coefficient has been rounded down to 40, and then because of the need of decreasing it due to destruction of soil particles and scale effect under extensively high restrictive pressure, this institute recommended to adopt the value of "30" for the coefficient in 1974. Such being the case, in order to estimate the bearing capacity of sandy soil and/or sandy gravel soil at the pile tip, it is recommended to employ the below mentioned formula: Rpss0Nsp where Rp: ultimate vertical bearing capacity at the pile tip (%) N_ : average N Value of soil layers of ld below and 4d above the pile tip (d= diameter of the pile ) Ap : area of the pile tip (m’) By comparing with actual loading test results, it is confirmed that unto the pile diameter of 600mm, the above mentioned formula produces reliable estimated bearing capacity of the soil at the pile tip. This institute, therefore, recommends to adopt it for reasonable estimation,It is rare in Japan to conduct the static penetration test in order to estimate the bearing capacity, but penetration resistance values obtained by such soil testing are considered to be directly related to and effective for estimating the soil bearing capacities. ‘The following formula is presented as an example to utilize the static penetration test results for estimating the soil bearing capacity, Rp=0.7-qc-Ap ‘The coefficient of 0.7 of the above formula is a deduction coefficient due to “scale effect", and , qe similar to N Value stands for the average of penetration resistances of soil layers of 1d below and 4d above the pile tip (t/m"). It is also rare in Japan to conduct loading tests where the bearing layer is the cohesive soil. Itis, therefore, recommended to adopt the following formula which is rather conservative in order to estimate the bearing capacity of such a layer: Rp=6-cu'Ap where cu: shearing strength of un-drained cohesive soil Itis reminded that "N" and "qc" values mentioned in the above cannot be regarded as true and correct all the time, especially in the case of layers where gravel’s are contained; it is likely that too much “N’ and “ge” values may be recorded. Accordingly, in order to prevent unreasonable designing from occurring, it will be better to set a certain limitation to the maximum bearing capacity per soil layer. ‘Another matter is the large load applied to the soil layer at the pile tip; itis so large that the ultimate bearing capacity is decided by destruction of soil particles at the pile tip. ‘The actual destructive pressure of soil particles depends largely on types and mineralogical composition of the soil, but as a general rule, derived from loading tests data and studies concerning of soil strength, it is recommended to limit the ultimate bearing capacities of soil layers at: 1,800 tim! for sandy gravel layer _ 2,000 tm’ for soft rock(ii) Friction Force of Pile Surface to Surrounding Soil ‘Two approaches can be named for estimating the friction force of pile surface to surrounding soil. One is to treat it as a kind of soil pressure coefficient based upon the soil strength constants which are obtained by soil survey (a), and the other is to estimate it basing upon sounding data, such as “N Value” (b). In case of (a), if it is sandy soil, it becomes necessary to obtain the value of internal friction angle, which is liable to be incorrect, making the approach not practicable. However, if the soil is cohesive, it is proven that there is a close correlation between the shearing strength of the soil and friction force of pile surface; it is said that in the ease of properl consolidated clay, these values almost equal to each other. Accordingly, this institutes recommends to adopt 1/2 of unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil as the friction force of pile surface to surrounding soil ‘However, some say that in such a case as over consolidated clay of high shearing strength, the disturbed layer by piling work itself will not immediately reconsolidate regaining the original strength, so that the existing soil strength should not be used, unless adjusted, as, a decisive factor of estimating the friction force of pile surface force of pile surface to surrounding soil. It is, therefore, recommended to adopt the following formula for estimating safer value of the friction force po ay (Hf Ag che ect) where B : deduction coefficient of friction force of pile surface to surrounding soil Basea-upon 78 field loading tests data of driven pile into London clay, Tomilson opines to adopt deduction coefficient as a designing guidance. ‘There is also a slightly different opinion suggested by Semple and others that for piles which support relatively heavy structures, two different deduction coefficients, namely over consolidation rate of the clay («p) and diameter / length ratio of a pile (I), should firstly be obtained, and then finally obtain the over all deduction coefficient by multiplying them. Such being the case, this institute recommends to consider 6= op-Lpand calculate the friction force appropriate to local conditions. Based upon loading tests data make in sandy soil areas, Sakaguchi says that between “N Value” and the friction force of pile surface in sandy soil and average value, at least very close to the average, can be calculated by: c= ao mt) A (y day. clo, ett) 3§ 6.3 Allowable Vertical Bearing Capacity of Pile Foundation 1, ‘This institute recommends that a pile foundation is designed with vertical bearing capacity which is less than the allowable vertical bearing capacity of a pile as defined in the preceding section, and in such a manner that it will not ill affect the superstructure hy its settlement, It is also recommended that the strength of a pile foundation is to be determined after careful study of its bearing capacity and its estimated rate and manner of settlement. When a pile foundation is constructed in an area where consolidation settlement is likely, careful study of consolidation settlement rate of deeper strata must be made. It is also recommended to confirm that there will be no harmful over settlement which may ill affect the superstructure.Lito §64 Horizontal Bearing Capacity of Pile When a pile is subjected to horizontal force, this institute recommends that its siress is within the allowable stress value, and its location displacement will not ill affect the superstructure. ou STRESS & DISPLACEMENT OF LONG PILE Pie Pile Head Condition Pile Head Frae (Pin) [Pile Head Fixed (Rotation restricted) a Ee a . wt Bai ep PO = kB) < | g 4 g 1= YP = my] uk load kun, : Horizontal Soil Reaction Coefficient § 1B : Pile Width ie EL: Pile flexure [Bending Moment a Pie Head) o Mo acinar Bending Vorent Si . -os2244 > Mmax a 4 |on ctOourence aft ers « Lm 4B 2 %& [Pile Head Displacement HH __2He H He yo 261A" 4B aeia* ~ WRB (Denth of iat Stabilzed Point m___1571 Sn __ 2356 be. 28 B 4B B [Bending Moment at Pile Head) H = ° ose Nacimar Being Memant ia Sei ont 02st 2 Mmax a ® © | Depth of Onsurranos of max 132 3 Ln a 4a Pile Head Displacement 24H __24Hn* 0.93H __093Hn* yo Ein> Eln my [Depth of Tat Stabiized Poin 2a2 3.10 fe aI, 7§ Designing of Pile aa an Elastic Support Beam Apile is driven into the soil, therefore, its analysis will better be made in three dimensional manner, but it is extremely difficult to express the idea as a mathematical calculation formula. ‘This institute, therefore, recommends analyzing the pile as elastic support beam. ‘Many studies have been made to analyze a pile as an elastic support beam in relation to the horizontal scil reaction factor, and are historically proven that such a method produces sufficiently reasonable results in light of actual Geld measurements.§ 6.5 Allowable Pull -Cut Resistance of Pile 1. Long term pull -out resistance of pile can be obtained as follows: (1) Incase of single pile, the long term pull-out resistance is less than the value obtainable by multiplying the allowable long term pull-out stress by minimum cross sectional area of the pile, and then less than the value calculated by the below mentioned formula: ear -ans H where ‘Ra : allowable long term pull-out resistance (t) tRu : ultimate pull-out resistance due to soil conditions (t) Wp : self weight of pile (buoyancy shall also be taken into considerations when a pile reaches deeper than the ground water level) It is reminded that the ultimate pull-out resistance due to soil conditions must be less than the values shown as i) or ii) conducted, ultimate load applied minus self weight (i) Incase pull-out test of the pile. Gi) Incase no pull-out test is conducted, the value cbtained by pull out resistance calculation formula or estimated value based upon loading test results. (2) When pull-out force is applied to group of piles, in addition to the value calculated by above mentioned 1 method, lees value than calculated below mentioned formula shal] also be taken into consideration: a= (15-A- We LS) an where tRa : allowable long term pull-out resistance of group of piles enhanced by grouping effect (t/nbr. of piles) S: shearing strength of soil (t/m’) nm: number of piles L: length of pile (m) ‘A: cross sectional area of the polygonal formed by planes which ‘enclose grope of pile (m*) W : combined weight of piles and soil applied to bottom plane of grope of pile 4: perimeter length of polygonal column which is formed by planes to enclose outermost pile surfaces (m)Allowable short tarm pull-out resistance of single pile can be defined as the value which is less than the value obtained by multiplying allowable pulling stress by minimum sectional area,which shall also be less than 2/3 of ultimate pull-out resistance plus self ‘weight of the pile. When pull-out force is applied to group of piles, in addition to the above mentioned, the value should be restricted to be less than the double value as calculated by formula B). Connection pile head of a pile subject to pulling-out force must be robust / sturdy enough, and in case of follower pile, tensile strength of joints must be equal to that of the pile itself or more.5. DESIGN OF PILES 6.1 Allowable bearing capacity according to soil condition ‘ toe ey (1) Allowable vertical bearing capacity according to soil condition (Bearing pile ) (Ald : SECTION 6-2 , See ; Appendix—A) 1 For driven pile Ra =— — (@ON-Ap+ EW-+ -H) — Wp Where, Ra Allowable vertical bearing capacity of pile “2 Safety factor (long term: F=3, short term: F = 1.5) 42 Base area of pile (wi) v Perimeter length of pile [m1 N Mean N value between the length 4B above pile base and the length 1B below pile base (T/m* ) * + = Skin friction on the pile surface [vf] bt Send :t =Ns/3° (Value fom te SUE} Cohesive soil rt =qu/2 scan] ~ toe Ns : Mean N value of sand will be used. ef ¥8 ven ti Aun qu: Unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil H = Individual thickness of each friction layer of soil [| B Width of pile Weight of piletee tu Hk (2) Allowable vertical bearing capacity according to soil condition ( Friction pile ) In our study of friction type pile, no consideration is given to horizontal force applied to the pile by earthquake. 1 For driven pile Ra =—p— (ZW-c -H) — Wp Where, Ra = Allowable bearing capacity of pile F = Safety factor (long term : F= 3, short term: F = 1.5) ¥ = Perimeter length of pile t = Skin friction on the pile surface Sand :t =Ns/3 Value from Cohesive soii tt =qu/2 direct shear | Ns: Mean N value of sand will be used. qu: Unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil Individual thickness of each friction layer of soil Weight of pilea apa (@ Allowable pull out resistance capacity of pile (ty we ) (AJ : SECTION 6-2 , See ; Appendix—A) 1 + For driven pile tRa =——EW-< - H+ Wp Where, tRa Allowable pull out resistance capacity of pile Safety factor (long term: F=3, short term: F = 1.5) Perimeter length of pile Skin friction on the pile surface Sand < =Ns/3 x (2/8) Cohesive soil: Ns: Mean N value of sand qu: Unconfined compressive strength of cohesive soil H_ = Individual thickness of each friction layer of soil Wp = Weight of pile ag nou q Pull out load yhLatent (4) Bonding moment of the pile subject to horizontal force (AlJ : SECTION 6-4, See; Appendix—A) moment of the pile subject to horizontal force is calculated by. g's the following. fy thie veo Mmax=—03224-E (Pie head is assumed as pin connection) Where, Q= Horizontal force per pile Mmax= Design bending moment of pile (Kh= B 0.8Eo-B-® : Horizontal soil reaction coefficient —~ 1-Nh : Modulus of deformation = Pile diameter ‘Young's modulus of pile Reinforced concrete pile : E= 210,000 ke/em? I = Moment of inertia of pile Lm= 0.785/8 — : Depth of occurrence of _Mmex Ip = L.571/B _: Depth of Ist atabilized point Ye = “apres : Pile head displacement Nh value of the length of 5B from pile head __~ gon we Yo t §5.2. The length diameter ratio limit of the pile form As for the pile of which the length/diameter ratio exceeds a certain limit, its allowable compressive force which is determined in accordance with the preceding sections shall be reduced by“ u” calculated by following formula. va Ere 70s ce 4 Aultg Coy dt Where, u : The reduction rate against length diameter ratio (%) ‘Lid : The length diameter ratio of the pile (>n) n : The maximum length / diameter ratio, of which no reduction of allowable compressive force is required. Type of Pile a Pretensioned spun high 70 ‘The product except JIS strength concrete piles 80 | The product which corresponds to JIS A 5335 5.8 Deduction of allowable strength for connection. Deduction of allowable strength for connection (5% per each welding connection) shall be considered.5.4 Design and calculation of PC pile (6 500 Type-A & ¢ 600 Type-A) 5.4.1 Product Specification (1) Type of Pile (2) Standard : Pretension Spun Concrete Pile : JIS A 5335 (3) Product Size & Dimension Pile Diameter Wall Thickness| PC Steel Bar Diameter} Type Diameter X Nos Pitch (mm) a Diameter 500 7.4 X14 400. 600 o7.4 X18 490 (5) Concrete Compressive Strength ocu= 500 kgf/cm2(4) M-N Interaction Curve + This calculation is based on All. PC Pile 500mm Type- A acu= 500 _kg/em2: Conerete comprossive strength oce= 39,2 _kg/em2:: Effective prestress after losses Ac= 1256.6 m2 — ; Equivalent section area Ze= 10905 m3 _: Section modulus Ao= 1251.0 cm2 — : Cross section area ro= 25.0 em —_: Outer radius ri= 15.0 em: Inside radius (Permanent) fe= ocu/d = 125 kg/em2 : Allowable bending compressive stress of concrete Rt =~-ace/4 = -9.8 kg/em2 : Allowable bending tensile stress of concrete Qnly Compression N= (fe ~ 0 ce)-Ac = (125.0 -39.2)x 1257/1000 = 107.8 ton (Rh - 9 ce)*Ac 9.8 -39.2)x 1257/1000 -61.6 ton mum Allowable Bending Moment M = Ze-L(fe - 8)/2) 10905 [125 +9.8) /2]/10°5 =74 tm Combined load IN" = [(fe + /2- 0 ce)-Ac (25 -9.8)/2 -39.2]) x 1257 /1000 = 23.1 ton (Temporary) fe'= 2Xfe = 250 kg/cm? : Allowable bending compressive stress of concrete f' = 2Xf = -19.6 kg/cm? : Allowable bending tensile stress of concrete Only Compression N= (fe - 0: ce)-Ac (250.0 ~39.2)x 1257/1000 = 264.9 ton Only Tension ~aco)-Ac 19.6 -39.2)x 1257/1000 =-73.9 ton Maximum Allowable Bending Moment M = Ze-L(fe = 10905 {(250 +19.6) /2/10°5 =14.7 em jined load N" = [(fe! + 0')/2-0 cel-Ac = [(250 -19.6)/2 -39.2) 1257 /1000 = 95.5 tonPC Pile Dia 500mm Type A Mcr-N Curve This calculation of figures is based on AlJ Type A. Permanent |Temporar Allowable Compressive 125 250 Siress of Concrete (kgf/cm?) Allowable Tensile aE | 198 Stress of Concrete (kxf/cm2 Effective Prestress (kgf/em?, EI Modulus (em3 10905 ‘Area 1257 | lof Conerete + Steel (cm?) —— Permanent +++ Temporary Design Max Design Max Capacity Capacity (Permanent) IPC Pile 600mm Type- A ccu= 500 kg/em2 : Conerete compressive strength cce= 37.5 kg/cm? : Effective prestress ater losses Ac= 1693.3 cm2 — : Equivalent section area Ze= 18154 cm3 : Section modulus Ao= 1686.1 cm2 : Cross section area ro 30.0 cm : Outer radius ri= 19.0 cm: Inside radius (Permanent) fe= acu/4 125 kg/em2_ : Allowable bending compressive stress of concrete fR = -ace/4 = -9.4 kg/em2 : Allowable bending tensile stress of concrete Only Compression M N= (fe-ace)*Ac M bey 125.0 ~39.2)% 1257 /1000 = 148.1 ton Only Tension (ft - 0 ce)-Ac (9.4 -39.2)x 1257/1000 79.5 ton Maximum Allowable Bending Moment M = Ze-[(fe - f)/2) 10905 [125 +9.4) /2]/10°S 2.2 tm ‘Combined load N" = [fe + /2-0 ce)-Ac [425 -9.4)/2 -39.2] x 1257 /1000 4.3 ton (Temporary) fe’ = 2xfe = 250 kg/cm2 : Allowable bending compressive stress of concrete fR’ = 2X = -18.8 kg/em2_ : Allowable bending tensile stress of conerete Only Compression N= (fe’ --ce)-Ac 250.0 -39.2)X 1257 /1000 59.8 ton Only Tension ft’ ~ 0 ce)*Ac 18.8 -39.2)x 1257 /1000 -95.3 ton 1 Maximum Allowable Bending Moment ’)/2) 10905 x (250 +18.8) /2]/10°5 4A tem (fe! + )/2- 9 ce]-Ac (250 -18.8)/2 -39.2] «1257 /1000 32.2 ton(Arerodma 1) (Quawemog) H Ayprden xeyj uljsoq Ayovdeg xeyy usisoq | ObT (oor i L I T Aveioduel = = quauemieg (glo) [PBI + STPIBUOD 7} 691 vary uon2eg| PSI8T Tus) FAAPOW woHTSS Fle TaD 7EH) soonserg omnoaH| (19 /JBH) yOIDUTD JO FSSING 8'8I- ve- ue | a1qeMorty| (GIDEA) a asDIITD JO TANS] sz. SZL ‘aalsseadwo7) aiqemorty| ToTWaT| WOU v aaRL I T M1V to poseg sy comndy Jo uoRUNOTeS SIy eAIND N-OW V edA] WHINY FIC eid Od©) Allowable axtal load Allowable axial load of FC pile shall be used the value on the table specified in JIS A 5335. ‘500m Type-A Calculation of Allowable Bearing Capacity of Pile (Pernanent Load) a) Allorable pile compressive strength of PC pile by JIS A5335 a= 125.0 ton/pile b) The lengih/dianeter ratio linit of the pile forn wel/d-o vhera, 1! Tho reduction ratio (®) L/d: The length/dianeter ratio nt Max, ratio = 70 (except JIS A 5338) ©) Deduction of allorable strength for connection 6% per each welding connection) SHX2 = 10K deduction because of the two welding connections. d) Considering the above item b) and c), allowable compressive ayant becomes a (Bor loa ao * Lr) Ra= 125.0% (100 - 10-10 )% = 100.0 ton/pile + 40m < LS 43a Ra = 125.0% (100 - 16 - 10% 92.5 ton/pile + 430 < LS 450 Ra = 125.0% (100 - 20 ~ 10% 87.5 ton/pileii) Design of Pile Bearing Capacity by soil characteristics (Permanent Load) Bearing pile + Main Intake Canal Bridge Foundation & Bridge (Future) Foundation 146.5 ton/pile ( BH6 -—— Refer to page + C/W Pump Pit & C/W Pump House Foundation 224.1 ton/pile — ( BES + C/W Discharge Pond-A Foundation 239.1 ton/pile ( BH38 —— Refer to page + C/W Discharge Culvert (Common) Foundation 22) — Refer to page -23 ) 24) 242.4 ton/pile ( DI39~— Refer to page -25 ) 221.8 ton/pile ( BHO +— Refer to page -26 ) 166.2 ton/pile ( BH4l — Refer to page ~27 ) 159.7 ton/pile ( B42 — Refer to page ~28 ) 166.2 ton/pile ( BH43 — Refer to page -29 ) + C/N Discharge Pond-B Foundation 189.2 ton/pile ( BH44 + — Refer to page + Intake Mouth 2 ton/pile _( BH2 Refer to page Friction pile + Diesel Generator Building 53.2 ton/pile ( BH20 iti) Determination of allowable bearing capacity Bearing pile 30) 0-2) AN — Refer to page -30-4 ) It can be seen from the data above item i)&ii) that the bearing capacity by soil characteristics is higher than the bearing capacity by concre' locations where PC pile are to be used as bearing pile. Ther strngth at all fore, allowable bearing capacity is determined in accordance with length of pile. +L S 40m Permanent load capacity = Temporary load capacity = +40n < LS 43m Permanent load capacity Temporary load capacity = +43n < LS 45m Permanent load capacity Tenporary load capacity Friction pile Load capacity of friction pile is determined by soil Therefore, Permanent load capacity Temporary load capacity 100 ton/pile 200 ton/pile 92.5 ton/pile 185 ton/pile 87.5 ton/pile 175 ton/pile characteristics. 50 ton/pile 100 ton/pile¢ 600mm _Type-A * i) Calculation of Allowable Bearing Capacity of Pile (Permanent Load) a) Allowable pile compressive strength of PC pile by JIS A5335 Ra= 170.0 ton/pile b) The length/diameter ratio limit of the pile form we=L/d-o_7 where, 4: The reduction ratio (%) L/ 4d: The length/diameter ratio n: Max. ratio n= 10 (except JIS A 5335) L= 15mX 3 = 45m d= 06 @ L/d= 75.0 > n=70 ae 5 % c) Deduction of allowable strength for connection (6% per each welding connection) 10 % deduction because of the two welding connections. d) Considering the above item b) and c), allowable compressive strength becomes Ra = 170.0X (100-5 -10)% = 144.5 ton/pile ii) Design of Pile Bearing Capacity by soil characteristics (Permanent Load) Bearing pile + Jetty foundation 127.0 ton/pile ( BH50 — Refer to page ~30-5) iii) Determination of allowable bearing capacity Bearing pile Load capacity of bearing pile is determined by soil characteristics. Therefore, Permanent load capacity = 125 ton/pile Temporary load capacity = 250 ton/pileCH Discharge Culvert (Common) Bearing Pile C $ y | Waar LAYER [Kind [sand [clay | e/a + | ve (we) 2 clay 2.0. 0 15 2 clay 2-0 0 15 2 clay 2.0 0 1.5 2 clay 2.0 0 15 Sa ae (Dc Lay Sl RSE ao MOET ES 4 sand 3 15 [20 | 19 0.5 4 sand 4 Ls | 20 | 1.9 07 4 sand 5 182 [20 5 0.9 4 ‘sand 7 Ls | 20 19 1.2 4 ela 8 152) 20a ee) 0.8 4 ‘sand g 120m [ee LD) 1.6 4 ‘sand 10 eS LT 4 ‘sand_| 10 16 {20 [1.9 17 4 ‘sand [18 15 | 1.9 31 4 sand_| 17 1s {20 | 19 3.0 4 sand_| 18 15} 20 | 19 3.1 4 sand_|__19 15 | 20 | 1.9 as 4 sand_| 16 15 | 20 | 1.9 28 4 ssand_| 15. 15 | 20] 19 2.6 4 ssand_| 18 1.5 | 20 J 19 3.1 4 sand_| 21 sa) Le. 3.7 4 sand—| 22 See 3.8 4 sand_| 22 15 | _20 | 1.9 3.8 4 sand_| 31 1s [20 [1.9 5.4 4 sand_| 40 1.5 | 0s | Le. 7.0 4 sand_| 34 15 | 20 [1.9 6.9 $ sand_| 24 5.0 0 18 42 6 sand 40 0.0 30 19) 7.0 | a sand_| 44 0.0 | 30 | 1.9 TT 6 sand_| 39 A a 6.8 6 and | 43 0.0 30 | 1.9 7.5. 6 sand_| 33 0.0 30] 1.9 5.8 6 sand 27 0.0 30] 19 4.7 6 sand_| 26 0.0 | 30 | 1.9 4.5. 6 sand_| 26 oo [30 | 19 4.5. 6 sand_| 29 0.0 [30 | 1.9 5.1 6 sand_| 27 oo [30 | 1.9 4.7 6 sand_| 26 0.0 | 30 [1.9 4.5 6 ‘sand_| 29 0.0 {| 30[ 1.9 6.1 6 ‘sand | 36 . 30] 1.9 6.3 6 sand_| 39 0.0 | 30 1.9 6.8 6 sand | 44 0.0 | 30 | 1.9 7.7 7 clay 4_[ 4.0 [20 20 21 =43 7 clay 50 | 4.0 [20 2.0 21 = [SS ae ee ee |S rocks | eee ao. 2 Wid a A S210 =45 [8 rock 50 | 4.0 | 20 | 20 or = 46 a ~ ae a = con Mean N Value: mi Joutside Dieneter of Pile: 7500 ms Inside Dieneter of Pile: 77300 am = JAp: 0.196 m2 | [Tip bearing capacity= 95.7 ton kin friction 159.1 ton] 7 308_ton/a 3 ton| 242.4 ton