LITERATURE MATRIX

AUTHOR YEAR TITLE PAGE/VOLUME/EDITION FINDINGS

xv, Volume not specified, Hypertension is one of the most important public
1st Edition health problems worldwide, and its impact is
expected to increase over the next 20 years as
economically developing nations improve
sanitation, infant mortality and childhood
immunization rates (among other measures).
Black, H., MD HYPERTENSION: A
The prevalence of hypertension in adults is
& Elliot, W., 2007 COMPANION TO
expected to grow from 26.4% (in 2000) to 29.2%
MD, PhD BRAUNWALD’S
in 2025, with most of the growth from 972 million
HEART DISEASE
to the projected 1.56 billion affected people
occurring outside of North America and Europe.
This global epidemic of high blood pressure is
expected to shift the burden of disease so that
heart disease will become the most common
cause of death worldwide by the year 2025.
1, Volume not specified, Hypertension is a level of blood pressure in a
Edition not specified given patient for which the benefits of treatment
outweigh the risks. Treatment should be a
carefully individualized effort that considers the
unique circumstances of each patient. The
prevalence of hypertension, along with the
complications it poses regarding cardiovascular
HYPERTENSION
Weir, M., MD. 2005 events, is increasing dramatically, largely
because of obesity and aging population.
Approximately 65 million
Americans have hypertension, which is more
than 50% of the people over age 60. Data from
the Framingham Heart Study suggest that the
residual lifetime risk for developing hypertension
is approximately 90% and the probability of

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

 requiring antihypertensive medication is 60% for
middle age and older individuals.
3, V. 25, Edition not There were no effective, clinically useful drugs
specified for control of blood pressure until the 1950’s. BP
had been measured for over 100 years and the
link between high BP and adverse clinical
outcomes was recognized. The first association
Handbook of was the chronic kidney disease (Bright’s
Hypertension: disease) but insurance and other actuarial data
Clinical collected in the early years of the 20th century
McInnes, G. T. 2008 Pharmacology and provided evidence of an incremental risk of
Therapeutics of stroke, renal failure and heart disease with
Hypertension increasing BP. By the 1940’s, there was a
recognition of the adverse effects of raised BP,
but there was no means of lowering BP in an
acceptable manner. Thus the cause-effect
relationship between BP and risk of stroke or
heart disease could not be confirmed with
certainty.

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

FOR LITERATURE MATRIX

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

TITLE VARIABLES/ MAJOR
AUTHOR METHODOLOGY OBJECTIVES
KEY WORDS FINDINGS
Correlational The authors agreed to
study on AUTHOR: come up with a study to Hypertensive young
Hypertension and Kiblasan, Lucia T. look for the level of adults were found to
Dietary Regimen Payagen, Rebecca E. awareness of fifty be much aware on
among young Dulnuan, Evangeline Descriptive hypertensive young hypertension and
adults in Bontoc, C. Singson, correlational study adults on hypertension they are high
Mountain Potenciano P. Uy was employed and and their compliance to compliant to dietary
Province YEAR: 2015 a reliable dietary regimen and at regimen. There is
--
Philippines PAGE/VOLUME/E questionnaire that the same time, to significant
DITION: Vol 3, No was formulated and uncover if there is relationship
4 utilized as the data significant relationships between the level of
Retrieved from: gathering tool. between the level of awareness on
http://www.sciedu.ca awareness on hypertension and
/journal/index.php/c hypertension and the level of compliance
ns/article/view/6817 level of compliance to to dietary regimen.
dietary regimen.

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

Prevalence, Population-based The overall
awareness, samples of people prevalence of
treatment, control aged 18–92 years hypertension in this
and risk factors in Ansan-city, study was 33.7%.
of hypertension Korea, were Among these,
in Korea: the selected, yielding 64.9% had Grade 1
AUTHOR:
Ansan study 2278 men and 1948 hypertension,
Jo, Inhoa; Ahn,
women, and their 22.5% Grade 2, and
Younjhina; Lee,
blood pressures 12.5% Grade 3.
Jungbokb; Shin,
were measured Age-specific
Kyung Rimc; Lee,
using a highly prevalence of
Hong Kyua,d; Shin,
standardized hypertension
Cholb awareness,
protocol. To determine increased
YEAR: 2001 control,
Hypertension was prevalence, awareness, progressively with
PAGE/VOLUME/E hypertension,
defined as a treatment, and control age, from 14.19% in
DITION: Volume Korea,
systolic BP ≥ 140 of hypertension, and its 18 to 24 year-olds
19 - Issue 9 - pp prevalence,
mmHg or diastolic risk factors in an urban to 71.39% in those
1523-1532 risk factor,
BP ≥ 90 mmHg or Korean population. 75 years or older.
Retrieved from: treatment
reported treatment Hypertension
http://journals.lww.c
with prevalence was
om/jhypertension/Ab
antihypertensive significantly higher
stract/2001/09000/Pr
medications, and in men (41.5%) than
evalence,_awareness
subclassified in women (24.5%)
,_treatment,_control
according to 1999 (P < 0.001). Isolated
_and_risk.2.aspx
WHO-ISH systolic
guidelines. Isolated hypertension had
systolic significantly lower
hypertension (ISH) prevalence (4.33%)
defined as a within the
systolic BP population,

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

≥140 mmHg and although in the
diastolic BP < 90 elderly aged 55
mmHg was also years or more it rose
examined. Data by 11.13%. Overall,
were stratified by 24.6% of
age and sex. hypertensive
individuals were
aware that they had
high blood pressure,
as much as 78.6%
were being treated
with
antihypertensive
medications, and
24.3% were under
control.
Hypertension
awareness as well
as treatment and
control rates varied
by sex, with women
higher in all three
rates. Multivariate
analysis revealed
that age, body mass
index and abdomen
circumference were
significantly
associated with
prevalence of

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

 hypertension both in
men and women.
Hypertension is
highly prevalent in
Korea. Despite the
high rate of
treatment, the rates
of awareness and
control are
relatively low,
suggesting the
nationwide demand
for preventing and
controlling high
blood pressure in
Korea in order to
avert an epidemic of
cardiovascular
disease.

Reducing stroke AUTHOR: Li The Consensus The discussions of the Give patients,
risk in Sheng Liu, panel was co- group focused on how healthcare
hypertensive chaired by best to improve blood professionals, and
patients: Asian Professor Li Sheng pressure control, how to decision makers the
Consensus Liu and Professor promote lifestyle information they
Conference Eduardo S. Caguioa, John Reid, and changes at the need, and improve
recommendations comprised 13 population level, and communication

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

Chang-Gyu Park, members how to reduce the between these
David Kwang Leng representing eight clinical and health parties
Quek, Asia-Pacific system barriers and Raise awareness of
Ikuo Saito, countries and other challenges facing stroke risk reduction
Narayanaswamy different fields of developing and low- and disseminate the
Venketasubramanian expertise. Their income countries. message that stroke
, discussions is not an isolated
Ka Sing Lawrence centered on three event, but leaves a
Wong, broad themes: the potentially
John L. Reid epidemiology of devastating legacy
stroke; knowledge, of disability
YEAR: 2006 attitudes, and requiring ongoing
PAGE/VOLUME/E perceptions care and support,
DITION: Volume 1, towards which not only
Issue 3 hypertension and exacts a
August 2006 the risk of stroke; considerable
Pages 150– and reducing the financial cost on
157Retrieved from: risk of stroke health care systems
http://onlinelibrary.w among patients but also creates a
iley.com/doi/10.111 with hypertension. more widespread
1/j.1747- social burden on
4949.2006.00041.x/f carers, family, and
ull others. Develop
national education
programs to
communicate the
link between
hypertension and
stroke and the
importance of

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

 stroke risk reduction
in hypertensive
patients
The media plays a
key role in
educating the public
about the
importance of
reducing stroke risk,
and should be
encouraged to
disseminate key
messages to help
improve the public
health
Patient groups need
to communicate
actively with
patients, physician
organizations, and
governments.
Create urgency for
physicians to
understand the
importance of
reducing the risk of
stroke in
hypertensive
patients. Work with
the International

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

 Society of
Hypertension, the
World Hypertension
League, and other
regional/internation
al organizations to
develop a Pan-
Asian hypertension
and stroke initiative
to focus on
strategies for Asia
to better manage
hypertension to
reduce stroke risk
Develop various
educational tools
that meet the needs
of physicians in
different regions,
tailoring them to the
level of resources,
facilities, and
treatments
available.

Combination AUTHOR: Abdul The expert panel Antihypertensi The principal objectives These strategies
therapy in Rashid Abdul reviewed ve were to discuss the generally entail
hypertension: an Rahman, Eugenio guidelines for combination growing problem of initiating therapy
Asia-Pacific B. Reyes, Piyamitr hypertension therapy, Asia- hypertension in the with free drug
consensus Sritara, Arvind management from Pacific Asia-Pacific region, and combinations,

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

viewpoint Pancholia, Dang Van the USA and consensus, Fix to develop consensus starting with the
Phuoc & Brian Europe, as well as ed-dose recommendations to lowest available
Tomlinson individual Asia- combinations, promote standards of dosage, followed by
Pacific countries, Guidelines, Hy care across the region treatment with
YEAR: 2015 and devised a pertension single-pill
PAGE/VOLUME/E treatment combinations once
DITION: Pages matrix/guide, in the BP target has
865-874, Volume which they propose been achieved. A
31, 2015 - Issue 5 the preferred single reference for
combination the whole Asia-
Retrieved from: therapy regimens Pacific region may
http://www.tandfonli for patients with contribute to
ne.com/doi/abs/10.1 hypertension, both increased
185/03007995.2015. with and without consistency of
1020368 compelling treatment and
indications. greater proportions
of patients
achieving BP
control, and hence
reducing
hypertension-related
morbidity and
mortality.
How Ghanaian, AUTHOR: Beune, Qualitative study adherence, To explore and compare Patients in all the
African- Erik JAJa; Haafkens, was conducted ethnicity, how Ghanaian, African- ethnic groups
Surinamese and Joke Aa; Agyemang, using detailed hypertension, Surinamese actively decided
Dutch patients Charlesb; Schuster, interviews with a patient (Surinamese), and how to manage their
perceive and John Sb; Willems, purposive sample perspective, White-Dutch patients prescribed
manage Dick La of 46 hypertensive qualitative perceive and manage antihypertensive
antihypertensive YEAR: 2008 patients without research, antihypertensive drug regimens. In all the

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

drug treatment: a PAGE/VOLUME/E comorbidity who sociocultural treatment in groups, confidence
qualitative study DITION: Volume were prescribed factors Amsterdam, the in the doctor and
26 - Issue 4 - p 648– antihypertensives. Netherlands. beneficial effects of
656 medication were
Retrieved from: reasons for taking
http://journals.lww.c prescribed
om/jhypertension/Ab antihypertensive
stract/2008/04000/H dosage. Particularly,
ow_Ghanaian,_Afric ethnic-minority
an_Surinamese_and patients reported
_Dutch.8.aspx lowering or leaving
off the prescribed
medication dosage.
Explanations for
altering prescribed
dosage comprised
disliking chemical
medications, fear of
side effects and
preference for
alternative
treatment.
Surinamese and
Ghanaian men also
worried about the
negative effects of
antihypertensives
on their sexual
performance. Some
Ghanaians

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

 mentioned fear of
addiction or lack of
money as
explanations for
altering prescribed
dosage. Surinamese
and Ghanaians often
discontinued
medication when
visiting their
homeland. Some
respondents from all
ethnic groups
preferred natural
treatments although
treatment type
varied.
Dietary AUTHOR: Juvy This study assessed Each of the five
This study aimed to
Assessment on Lyn P. Torreno the dietary hypertensive cases
assess the dietary
Selected YEAR: 2014 practices of five had first or second
practices of the
Hypertensive selected hypertension, degree relatives
hypertensive
Government PAGE/VOLUME/E hypertensive dietary with hypertension,
government employees
Employees in the DITION: V67. 15 government management, and engaged in light
in the Southeast Coast
Southeast Coast personnel in assessment, physical daily
Province of the
Province of the Retrieved from: Southeast Coast calcium, activities which
Philippines.
Philippines: A http://www.ipcbee.c Province of potassium, were limited to
Specifically this study
Case Study Series om/vol67/015- Philippines as sodium clerical,
aimed:
ICFSN2014- compared with the administrative or
 To describe the
N1011.pdf Philippine standard classroom teaching
hypertensive
Required Energy work. All had a

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

Nutrient Intake personnel’s health prescribed anti-
(RENI). These profile in terms of hypertensive
hypertensive anthropometric maintenance
personnel with characteristics, vital medication but only
dietary restriction sign, lifestyle, physical two were compliant.
were purposively activity, family history The five
selected. Their of hypertension, hypertensive cases
dietary intake was illnesses and had a self-modified
determined using medication; diet without
24-hour dietary  To determine and professional
recall for three describe their dietary prescription. Diet
consecutive days. profile in terms of terms restrictions included
Data were of calorie, calcium (Ca), carbohydrates, meat
calculated using the potassium (K), sodium and salt. Their self-
USDA National (Na) consumption and imposed dietary
Nutrient Database other dietary restrictions
for Standard restrictions; obviously
Reference. This is  To compare the contributed to their
a descriptive study estimated Calcium (Ca), inadequate intake of
of a small group, Potassium (K) and calorie and intake of
case series Sodium (Na) content in essential minerals.
their diet with the Only one had
Philippine standards, calorie intake which
Recommended Energy had met the
Nutrient Intakes Recommended
(RENI). Energy
Requirement
(RER). All had low
mean intake of Ca
(276.20 mg), K

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

 (1,155.40 mg) and
very low intake of
787.60 mg Na.
Assessment of their
diet showed that all
respondents were
taking the essential
minerals way below
the RENI Standards
of 500 mg, 2000 mg
and 5000 mg [9],
respectively.
Hypertension AUTHOR: LI, The prevalence of
prevalence, Sijian hypertension was
awareness, SIT, Wing Hung A cross-sectional, 35.4%, significantly
treatment and Janet quantitative survey higher in women
control in the GONG, Jie design. A total of (40.8%) than in men
To estimate the
Urban district of WONG, Man Yee 1448 community Hypertension (30.7%) (P<0.001).
prevalence of
Wuhan, China: Emmy residents were Prevalence More than one third
hypertension and to
Implications for ZHENG, Yanling recruited from the Awareness (37.9%) of those
determine the
community WONG, Kwok SuiGuoHu district Treatment with hypertension
awareness, treatment
nursing practice Shing Thomas using a stratified Control were not compliant
and control of
YEAR: 2012 random sampling Community with prescribed
hypertension in an
strategy. Data were health nursing medications,
urban Chinese
PAGE/VOLUME/E collected using China significantly higher
population.
DITION: Not Stated self-report among women
questionnaires and (44.4%) than men
Retrieved from: health examination. (28.6%).
http://repository.lib.i Approximately 68%
ed.edu.hk/jspui/hand were aware, with

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

 le/2260.2/20796 women (75.6%)
significantly higher
than men (60.3%)
(P<0.001). The
treatment rates were
87.7% and women
were less likely
(46.7%) to have
their blood pressure
controlled than men
(47.2%).
Exploring the Hypertension is an The overall
iceberg of important public health prevalence of
AUTHOR: A population-based
hypertension: a challenge in the hypertension in the
cross-sectional
community based developing and the study population
Vaidya, A analytical study
study in an developed world alike. was 22.7% which
Pokharel, P K was undertaken in
eastern Nepal However, community- was comparable to
Karki, P the Dharan
town. based studies on the studies from
Nagesh, S municipality in
cardiovascular diseases Northern and
YEAR: 2007 2004-5 with one
including hypertension Western India. The
thousand males
in a developing country comparison
PAGE/VOLUME/E aged 35 years and
like Nepal have been between the
DITION: 5(3): 349- above as
limited. The primary population with
59 participants. The
aim of this study is to normal and high
subjects were
measure the prevalence blood pressure at
Retrieved from: recruited by simple
of hypertension in the time of study shows
http://imsear.li.mahi random sampling
Dharan town of Eastern significant
dol.ac.th/handle/123 of the households
Nepal and to explore differences in terms
456789/46390 in each ward.
the 'iceberg of age, religion,
phenomenon' of current job status,

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

 hypertension in the occupation, socio-
study population. economic status,
physical activity
and tobacco
use. The study
shows that while a
vast majority of the
hypertensive
population was not
aware of their high
blood pressure
status, at the same
time, a large
fraction of the
population with
increased blood
pressure did not
have their blood
pressure under
control. A
surveillance system
to detect population
with high blood
pressure, follow up
the detected cases
of hypertension, as
well as motivate
and/or counsel the
'hard-to-treat' cases
for regular follow-

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

 up should be
valuable.
The Effectiveness In 2007, a quasi- Approximately half
of Non- experimental study of the volunteers
governmental was completed aged between 21
Organizations in AUTHOR: with the and 30 years, 94%
Promoting the Homayoun Sadeghi- collaboration of of them were
Awareness of Bazargani 1 ; Saeid local volunteers in female and 68% of
Hypertension and Safiri 2, * ; Mostafa Ardabil. A total of this cohort was
Self-Control Farahbakhsh 3 ; Sha 84 volunteers and single at the time of
Management hram 121 patients with the study.
The aim of this study
Measures of Habibzadeh 4 ; Alire hypertension were Approximately 46%
was to determine the
Families za included in the of the volunteers
effectiveness of using
Nikniaz 5 ; Ahmad study. Educational had an education
Organizations; nongovernmental
Kousha 6 ; Harshani workshops were level equivalent to a
Education; organizations (NGOs)
Jayasinghe 7 ; held for the diploma. Paired-
Hypertension; to promote awareness
and Alieh Yousefi 4 volunteers by the samples t test
Volunteers; of hypertension and
YEAR: 2015 NGO (Saman) and revealed that there
Iran self-control
patients were was a statistically
management methods
PAGE/VOLUME/E educated by the significant
in families in Ardabil,
DITION: volunteers. difference (P <
Iran.
Thereafter, both 0.05) between the
Retrieved from: groups were scores of awareness
http://jammonline.co assessed for before and after
m/?page=article&art awareness by using education in both
icle_id=26664 self-administered groups. Holding
questionnaires. The workshops by
data was then NGOs to train
statistically volunteers on
analyzed by paired hypertension is a

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

 t-test. helpful method to
increase awareness
about hypertension
and control
measures in patients
with high blood
pressure.
Perception of Conducted in Hong This study found
hypertension AUTHOR: Kong, Indonesia, that, although there
management by Abdul Rashid Abdu Malaysia, the is good
patients and Rahman, Ji- Philippines, South understanding of the
doctors in Asia: Guang Wang, Korea, Taiwan, and causes and
potential to Gary Mak Yiu Kwon Thailand, consequences of
improve blood g, Dante D. Morales, Edvantage 360° The aim of this study, hypertension among
pressure control Piyamitr Sritara, was a mixed- Attitude to termed Edvantage 360°, Asian patients, there
Renan Sukmawan an methods health Hyperte was to gain a deeper is a lack of urgency
d observational study nsion Hong understanding of to control blood
that used both Kong Indonesi hypertension pressure. Doctors
YEAR: 2015 qualitative and a Malaysia Phi management in Asia and patients have
quantitative lippines South from the perspective of different
PAGE/VOLUME/E elements: Korea Taiwan patients and doctors, expectations of each
DITION: Not Stated qualitative Thailand Quali and to propose other and a
interviews and tative research strategies to improve divergent view on
Retrieved from: focus groups with blood pressure control. what constitutes
https://apfmj.biomed patients (N = 110), successful
central.com/articles/ quantitative hypertension
10.1186/s12930- interviews with management. We
015-0018-3 patients (N = 709), also identified a
and qualitative fundamental gap
interviews with between the beliefs

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

 doctors (N = 85). of doctors and
patients as to who
should be most
responsible for the
patients’
hypertension
management. In
addition, because
patients find it
difficult to comply
with lifestyle
modifications (often
because of a
decreased
understanding of the
changes required),
adherence to
medication
regimens may be
less of a limiting
factor than doctors
believe.
Global survey of Chalmers, Johna; A formal blood The International Thirty-one societies
current practice Arima, Hisatomia; questionnaire was pressure- Society of Hypertension responded (nine
in management of Harrap, Stephenb; emailed in lowering (ISH) surveyed trends high-income, 17
hypertension as Touyz, Rhian M.c; December 2011 to therapy, blood in the management of upper-middle-
reported by Park, Jeong Baed 90 national and pressure hypertension income, five lower-
societies YEAR: 2013 regional societies measurement, worldwide, as reported middle/low-income
affiliated with the PAGE/VOLUME/E affiliated with the blood pressure by its affiliated countries). Twenty-
international DITION: - Volume ISH, from 77 thresholds and societies. one reported use of

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

society of 31 - Issue 5 - p countries. targets, national guidelines,
hypertension 1043–1048 Responses received lifestyle three used regional
Retrieved from: by June 2012 were measures, and 17 used
http://journals.lww.c analysed. management ‘international
om/jhypertension/Ab of guidelines’, two-
stract/2013/05000/Gl hypertension thirds used mercury,
obal_survey_of_curr aneroid and semi-
ent_practice_in_man automatic
agement_of.29.aspx sphygmomanometer
s and half used
ambulatory blood
pressure
monitoring.
Exercise, salt
restriction and
weight reduction
were recommended
by 31, 27 and 26
nations,
respectively, but
less for other diets,
smoking cessation
and alcohol
restriction. Almost
all nations used
angiotensin-
converting enzyme
inhibitors (ACEI),
angiotensin receptor
blockers (ARB),

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

 calcium channel
blockers and
diuretics. β
Blockers were only
recommended for
patients with
coronary disease.
ACEI and ARB
were preferred for
patients with
diabetes, renal
disease and
metabolic
syndrome.
Combination
treatment was
recommended by
all, for initiation of
treatment by most,
and in fixed-dose
formulation by half.
Most used a
threshold of
140/90 mmHg to
initiate drug
treatment in
uncomplicated
patients but only
half retained the
threshold of

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

 130/80 mmHg for
high-risk patients.
Differences in
treatment patterns
across regions or
across high, middle
and low-income
countries were
minimal.
The illness Felicitas A. Dela In general, the EMs
beliefs, Cruz RN, DNSc, of FAs with HTN
perceptions, and FAANP, correspond to the
practices of Carmen B. Galang biomedical model in
Audiotapes and
Filipino RN, DNSc relation to causes,
transcripts of focus The purpose of this
Americans with consequences, and
group interviews study was to describe
hypertension YEAR: 2008 treatment of HTN.
and observational the illness beliefs,
PAGE/VOLUME/E However, in spite of
notes were perceptions, and
DITION: Volume this biomedical
subjected to Hypertension practices of Filipino
20, Issue 3 knowledge, FAs
content analysis. Americans (FAs) with
March 2008 with HTN have
Medical records hypertension (HTN) to
Pages 118–127 difficulty
and related reveal their explanatory
Retrieved from: maintaining the
empirical studies models (EMs) of the
http://onlinelibrary.w required lifestyle
provided illness.
iley.com/doi/10.111 changes and
supporting data.
1/j.1745- adhering to the
7599.2007.00301.x/f medication regimen
ull to control their
illness.
Self-medication Rahmawati, Riana, A comprehensive herbal This review explores Anti-hypertensive

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

among people Bajorek, Beata V. search of English medicine the scope of self- medications are
living with YEAR: 2017 language, peer- hypertension medication practices listed among the
hypertension: a PAGE/VOLUME/E reviewed literature non- among people with 11% of products
review. DITION: Vol. 34 published between prescription hypertension, in terms that patients
Issue 2, p147-153. 2000 and 2014 was drugs of the scale of use, reportedly obtain
7p. performed. self care types of medication and over-the-counter
Retrieved from: Twenty-seven self medication influencing factors (OTC) for self-
http://web.b.ebscoho studies met the medication. On
st.com/ehost/detail/d inclusion criteria; average, 25% of
etail?sid=74e141cd- 22 of these focused patients use CAMs,
ed3a-442c-a03d- on complementary mostly herbs, to
210d1df1e4ed%40se and alternative lower blood
ssionmgr102&vid=0 medicines (CAMs). pressure.
&hid=116&bdata=Jn Recommendations
NpdGU9ZWhvc3Qt by family, friends
bGl2ZQ%3d%3d#A and neighbours are
N=122042265&db= the most influential
aph factors for self-
medication with
CAMs. Faith in
treatment with
CAMs,
dissatisfaction with
conventional
medicine and the
desire to reduce
medication costs are
also cited. Most
(70%) patients with
hypertension take

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

 OTC medicines to
treat minor
illnesses. The
concurrent use of
anti-hypertensive
medications with
analgesics and
herbal medicines is
commonly
practised. The
sociodemographic
profile of patients
engaging in self-
medication differs
markedly in the
articles reviewed;
self-medication
practices cannot be
attributed to a
particular profile.
Low disclosure of
self-medication is
consistently
reported.
Prevalence and Nahla K.R. Ibrahim, A cross-sectional The purpose of this The prevalence of
Determinants of Nariman A. Hijazi , study was study was to investigate HTN & pre-
Prehypertension Adnan A. Al- Bar conducted and a the prevalence and hypertension were
and Hypertension YEAR: 2008 multistage associated risk factors 25.2 % & 43.0 %,
among PAGE/VOLUME/E stratified random of HTN and pre- respectively, among
Preparatory and DITION: Vol. 83 sampling technique hypertension among the sample of 1476

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

Secondary No. 3 & 4 was used. HTN preparatory and teachers. Only 30.4
School Teachers Retrieved from: (using JNC VII secondary school % of hypertensive
in Jeddah http://citeseerx.ist.ps criteria) was teachers in Jeddah, teachers were aware
u.edu/viewdoc/down defined as Systolic KSA, during the of their condition.
load?doi=10.1.1.682. Blood Pressure educational year 2006 Linear regression
7813&rep=rep1&typ (SBP) ≥ 140 /2007. indicated that for
e=pdf mmHg and / or every 4 Kg increase
Diastolic Blood of weight, there is
Pressure (DBP) ≥ increase of one mm
90 or concurrent Hg of SBP and 0.87
use of mm Hg of DBP.
antihypertensive Logistic Regression
agents. illustrated that age ≥
40 years (aOR=
4.31, CI: 2.77,
6.73), Body Mass
Index (BMI) ≥ 25
(aOR= 3.03, CI:
1.77-5.19), males,
and diabetes were
significantly
associated with
HTN. Predictors of
pre-hypertension
were male gender
(aOR = 3.22, CI:
2.49- 4.16), age ≥
40, and BMI ≥ 25.
Developing an ULRIKA A communication Cellular phone This study aimed to The included items
interactive BENGTSSON, system for mobile , content examine were developed in a

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

mobile phone KARIN phones, Circadian validity , comprehension, structured manner
self-report system KJELLGREN, Questions (CQ), hypertension , comprehensiveness and to ensure content
for self- STEFAN H Ö FER , developed by 21st medication relevance of items, and validity, and the
management of CHARLES TAFT & Century Mobile adherence , further to evaluate the usability of the
hypertension. LENA RING AB self-care , usability and reliability mobile phone as a
Part 2: Content YEAR: 2014 (http://www.cqmob usability of an interactive mode of
validity and PAGE/VOLUME/E il.se), was adapted hypertension-specific c administration was
usability DITION: Blood for use in this mobile phone self- established. The
Pressure, 2014; 23: study. In this report system. mobile phone self-
296–306 system self-reports report system is
Retrieved from: are registered by reliable, and
http://web.b.ebscoho means of the appears efficiently
st.com/ehost/pdfvie patients ’own and effectively to
wer/pdfviewer?vid= mobile phones and capture information
3&sid=6bf85cf2- returned to and relevant in patients
f181-442a-a2b1- stored in a ’self-management
de729ae4eea4%40se database. The of hypertension.
ssionmgr120&hid=1 system also
16 includes a login-
restricted web-
based feedback
module, which
provides patients
with the
opportunity to
examine for
themselves how
their self-reports of
drug intake,
lifestyle, blood

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

 pressure, symptoms
and wellbeing may
interact. Feedback
is provided in the
form of graphic
displays showing
plots of these
variables over time.
Central Systolic Hindawi Publishing One hundred -- The aim of this study A high proportion
Hypertension in Corporation patients with well- was to assess the of treated
Patients with controlled achievement of the hypertensive
Well-Controlled hypertension were target CSBP in treated patients had CSBP
Hypertension analysed. hypertensive patients. levels that exceeded
their brachial BP.
CSBP positively
correlated with
lower height and
shorter return time
of the reflected
pressure wave and
was significantly
higher in females
compared to males.
These findings
suggest that, for
CSBP classification,
it is important to
take height and sex-
specific differences
into account.

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

Anti-platelet and
anti-
hypertension
anti-platelet
medication use in
fibromuscular
patients with Medication usage
dysplasia
fibromuscular Sage Publications, was assessed in
FMD -- --
dysplasia: Results Ltd raw and adjusted
hypertension
from the United analyses.
medication
States Registry
for
Fibromuscular
Dysplasia.
Maternal Using telephone
Hypertension, interviews from
HYPERTENSI
Medication Use, mothers of 2,131
ON in To investigate whether
and Hypospadias children with
pregnancy antihypertensive classes
in the National severe hypospadias
RESEARCH and specific
Birth Defects and 5,129
TOXEMIA of medications in early
Prevention Study. nonmalformed This study suggests
pregnancy pregnancy increase the
male control a relationship
risk of severe
Lippincott Williams children for 1997- between
HYPOSPADI hypospadias and to
& Wilkins 2009 births in a hypospadias and the
AS assess prior associations
population-based severity of
HUMAN detected for late-treated
case-control study, hypertension
abnormalities and untreated
we estimated
hypertension in the
adjusted odds ratios
CONGENITA National Birth Defects
(ORs) and 95%
L disorders Prevention Study.
confidence
intervals (CIs) with
multivariable

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

 logistic regression
Improving Patients (n = 532)
Medication were recruited from
Adherence in 3 hospital A multifaceted
Patients with outpatient clinics pharmacist
Hospital
Hypertension : A and randomized to intervention in a
Hospital
Randomized usual care or a 6- In a randomized trial, hospital setting led
outpatient
Trial month pharmacist we investigated the to a sustained
clinic
intervention effectiveness of a improvement in
Hypertension
comprising multifaceted pharmacist medication
Excerpta Medica Medication
collaborative care, intervention in a adherence for
Publishing Group adherence
medication review, hospital setting to patients with
Motivational
and tailored improve medication hypertension . The
interviewing
adherence adherence in intervention had no
Pharmacy
counseling hypertensive patients. significant impact
services
including on blood pressure
motivational and secondary
interviewing and clinical outcomes.
telephone follow-
ups
Prevalence, A cross-sectional HYPERTENSI There is an
Awareness, survey was ON in increasing
To investigate the
Treatment, conducted in 5 adolescence prevalence of
prevalence, awareness,
Control and Risk cities of urban CHINESE hypertension and
Public Library of treatment, control of
Factors areas and 5 DISEASES high pre-
Science hypertension and their
Associated with counties of rural CROSS- hypertension in the
associated factors in
Hypertension areas in Southern sectional general population
southern China
among Adults in China in 2013, a method in southern China,
Southern China, stratified SOCIODEMO but levels of

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

2013 multistage random GRAPHIC awareness,
sampling method factors treatment, and
was used to select a BODY control remain
representative composition relatively low,
sample. especially for young
and middle-aged
population.
Innovative
strategies including
of adopting
appropriate anti-
hypertensive
medication therapy
and healthy
lifestyles should be
taken.

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27

The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27
The Self-Medication Practices in Managing Hypertension| 27