Softcopy

A soft copy is an electronic copy of some type of data, such as a file viewed on a computer's
display (Monitor) or transmitted as an e-mail attachment. It is an intangible output.

Hardcopy

A hard copy is a printed copy of information from a computer. Sometimes referred to as

a printout, a hard copy is so-called because it exists as a physical object i.e. it is tangible
Output.

Sticky Notes
is a desktop notes application included in Windows Operating System. The program allows
users to take notes using post-it note–like windows on their desktop.

ToggleKeys may refer to any of the following

 Term used to describe a computer keyboard button with one or more functions. For
example, the Caps Lock, Num Lock, and Scroll Lock keys are all toggle keys. In the case of the
Caps Lock key, a user could either enable or disable the keyboard to type in all uppercase

 This also a Microsoft Windows accessibility feature that causes Windows to generate a
tone or beep each time you press the Caps Lock, Num Lock, or Scroll Lock
keys. ToggleKeys is helpful for users who mistakenly press these keys while typing.

Computer Virus
A computer virus is a malicious software program loaded onto a user’s computer without the
user’s knowledge and performs malicious actions.
The term 'computer virus' was first formally defined by Fred Cohen in 1983. Computer viruses
never occur naturally. They are always induced by people.

Online Databackup
Online backup service, also known as cloud backup or backup-as-a service is a method of offsite
data storage in which files, folders, or the entire contents of a hard drive are regularly backed up on a
remote server or computer with a network connection.

PURPOSE BEHIND ONLINE BACKUP

To protect the information – be it business data or personal – from the risk of loss associated with
fire, theft, hacking, or any other kind of technological disasters.

The following are the top five benefits of online backup:

Convenience

Online backup is accessible from anywhere, so long as there is internet connectivity; information is
saved automatically as it streams in. You do not have to proactively save, label and track
information..
Safety

As your data is stored in the Cloud, you are not subject to the typical threats of fire, flooding or theft.
In fact, data that is stored in the Cloud is generally stored on secure, encrypted servers and systems,
which minimizes the risks your data can incur
Ease of Recovery

Due to multiple levels of redundancy, if data is lost or deleted, most likely through individual user error
or deletion, backups are available and easily located. Multiple levels of redundancy means that your
online backup service stores multiple copies of your data in locations independent of each other.
Ease of Access

As the Cloud has no singular physical location, remote access is also a simple and feasible benefit to
online backup. So long as you can connect to the remote server, you have access to all the data that
you have stored in the Cloud, without having to do anything differently.
Affordability

Cloud-based back up can be less expensive than the cost of tape drives, servers, or other hardware
and software elements necessary to perform the back up; the media on which the backups are
stored; the transportation of media to a remote location for safekeeping; and the IT labor required to
manage and troubleshoot backup systems.

Disadvantages of online backup

Online backup has some disadvantages:
  Depending on the available network bandwidth, the restoration of data can be slow.
Because data is stored offsite, the data must be recovered either via the Internet or via
tape or disk shipped from the online backup service provider.
 It is possible that a remote backup service provider could go out of business or be
purchased, which may affect the accessibility of one’s data or the cost to continue using
the service.
 If encryption password is lost, no more data recovery will be possible. However with
managed services this should not be a problem.
 Residential broadband services often have monthly limits that preclude large backups.
They are also usually asymmetric; the user-to-network link regularly used to store
backups is much slower than the network-to-user link used only when data is restored.

STAR TOPOLOGY

Advantages of Star Topology

• Easy to install and wire.

• No disruptions to the network when connecting or removing devices.

• Easy to detect faults and to remove parts.

Disadvantages of Star Topology

• Requires more cable length than a linear bus topology.

• If the connecting network device (network switch) fails, nodes attached are disabled and cannot
participate in network communication.

• More expensive than linear bus topology because of the cost of the connecting devices (network
switches).

Bus Topology

Advantages of Bus Topology

• Easy to connect a computer or peripheral to a linear bus.

• Requires less cable length than a star topology.

Disadvantages of Bus Topology

• Entire network shuts down if there is a break in the main cable.

• Terminators are required at both ends of the backbone cable.

• Difficult to identify the problem if the entire network shuts down.

• Not meant to be used as a stand-alone solution

RING TOPOLOGY

The main advantage of Ring topology is that the signal degeneration is low since each workstation
participating in the network is responsible for regenerating the weak signal. The disadvantage of ring topology
is, if one workstation fails, the entire network will fail.

HTTPS

HTTP Secure (HTTPS) is an extension of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP) for
secure communication over a computer network, and is widely used on the Internet. It means all
communications between your browser and the website are encrypted.

Bandwidth
Bandwidth is the capacity of a wired or wireless network communications link to transmit the maximum
amount of data from one point to another over a computer network or internet connection in a given amount
of time -- usually one second.

For digital devices, bits per second (bps) or bytes per second.

For analog devices, cycles per second, or Hertz (Hz).

What Are Cookies? What is a Cookie?

Cookies are small files which are stored on a user's computer. They are designed to hold a small amount of
data specific to a particular client and website, and can be accessed either by the web server or the client
computer.

Why are Cookies Used?

Cookies are a convenient way to carry information from one session on a website to another, or between
sessions on related websites, without having to burden a server machine with massive amounts of data
storage. Storing the data on the server without using cookies would also be problematic because it would be
difficult to retrieve a particular user's information without requiring a login on each visit to the website.