2. PATOMECANISM CHAPTER BLACK, FLUID, AND LESS MEAT.

-PATOMECANISM CHAPTER BLACK

The mechanism of bleeding in hematemesis and melena is as follows:

Intermittent disguised bleeding (only detected in stool or Fe + deficiency anemia.

- Massive bleeding with shock

Specifically in the outbreak of esophageal varices there are 2 theories:

- erosion theory: rupture of blood vessels due to erosion from rough food (high fiber and rough) or
consumption of NSAIDs

- Eruption theory: because portal venous pressure is too high, or a sudden increase in intra-
abdominal pressure due to straining, lifting heavy objects, etc.

Clinical features that emerge can vary depending on:

- Location of the source of bleeding and bowel movement speed

-Speed of bleeding

- Disease causes bleeding

- The state of the patient before bleeding

Reference: Management and prevention of upper bleeding. PSAP Gastroenterology and nutrition.
2012; 7: 7-22

-PATOMECHANISM WEAKLESS

Insulin released by pancreatic Beta cells can be likened to a key that can open the entrance of
glucose into cells, then in glucose cells are metabolized into energy. When insulin is absent, glucose
cannot enter the cell, consequently glucose will remain inside blood vessels, which means the level
in the blood increases. In this situation the body will become weak and weak because there is no
source of energy in the cell.

References: Sherwood, Lauralee. Human Physiology From Organ Organs. Issue 6. Page 118,126,274.

-PATOMECHANISM LESS MEETING

1. Decreased appetite?

a. Decreased appetite in hot weather

b. Stretching the digestive tract which inhibits appetite

c. Stomach is still filled with food inhibits appetite

d. Age. Over time, humans can balance food intake with the release of energy for sudden needs and
growth so that their body will develop normally
2. The brain center that affects appetite

a. Center of full (medial): ventromedial nucleus

i. Stimulation: stop eating

ii. Lesions: hyperphagia and if a large food supply will lead to obesity syndrome

b. Hunger center (lateral): lateral hypothalamic area (woven medial proensefalon nucleus webbing
at the meeting with polydohipotalamic fibers)

i. Stimulation: arousing eating behavior

ii. Damage: fatal anorexia (loss of appetite) in healthy humans, sometimes causing death due to
starvation (lethal starvation)

c. Mammarian body: licking lips and swallowing

Reference: Guyton & Hall Medical Physiology