4.earthquake Analaysis of Earth Quake Resistante Steel Frame Rev 0.2

Design of Earthquake Resistance
Steel Frame
Session 4
Earthquake foce Analysis for Earth Quake Resistance Steel
Frame
Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 1

Seismic Load Standard
2 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 2

Lateral Load: earth quake
• Dinamic analisis :
1. The Earth Quake force actually the force due to grund vibration
2. The vibration parameter that use for anlaysis is the ground’s
acceleration
3. The lateral load = the mass x ground acceleration. The mass
are distributed concentretly on slab (for each stroy)
4. It’s need a dinamic analysis : more accurated, but more
complicated nodt practically used for implementation,but, the
dinamic analysis is use on irreguar building
• Eqivalent Lateral Load (ELF):
1. The earth quake force assumed as satic load that work on center
mass each story level
2. Is a simplification of dinamic analysis,
3. Practise to implemented but limiited us for regular and relatively
rigid building
V
3 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame
Procedure of ELF
• Determine the Response Spectrum Graph
• Determine the Natural Period of building
• Determine the shear base force (equal to lateral force)
• Distribution the lateral force based on the mass distribution of
building

Response Spectra Graph
Acceleration (g)
Period(sec)
Actual response spectra
Simplified response spectra
Acceleration (g)
Time (sec)
Vibration

Response Spectra Graph
Hubungan antara waktu getar alami

Struktur dengan respon maksimum
acceleration) yang
ditimbulkan oleh getaran
bumi pada sistem getaran
berderajat tunggal dengan redaman
tertentu

Response Spectra Procedure
Define the building risk category
Define SS and S1
• SS dan S1 are carryout from earthquake hazard map
Define site class
• The site class is depend on its soil condition
Determine SMS dan SM1
• SMS = Fa SS
• SM1 = Fv S1
• Fa dan Fv are function of SS dan S1 value
Determine SDS and SD1
2
• SDS = x SMS
3
2
• SD1 = x SM1
3

Kategor
Building Jenis Pemanfaatan
risk i Resiko
category Gedung dan struktur lainnya yang
memiliki resiko rendah terhadap jiwa I
Kelas manusia pada saat terjadi kegagalan
Situs
Gedung dan struktur lain, kecuali yang Kateg Faktor
termasuk dalam kategori resiko I, III, dan ori Keutamaan
Kelas
IV, termasuk, tetapi tidak dibatasi untuk: Resiko Gempa, 𝐈𝐞
SItus
- Perumahan II I or II 1.0
SS dan - Rumah toko dan rumah kantor III 1.25
S1 - Pasar IV 1.5
- Gedung perkantoran
Fa , Fv ,
SMS , SM1, Gedung dan struktur lainnya yang
SDS , SD1 memiliki resiko tinggi terhadap jiwa III
manusia pada saat terjadi kegagalan
Source: SNI
Gedung dan struktur lainnya yang 1726:2012
Strengthsebagai fasilitas penting IV
ditunjukkan

Sifat Rata-rata pada 30 m Lapisan Atas
Kelas Situs
Site Class Vs (m/detik) (SPT) N or Nch Su (kPa)
SA (batuan > 1500 Not applicable Not applicable
keras)
SS dan S1
SB (batuan) 750 < Vs ≤ 1500 Not applicable Not applicable
Fa , F v , SC (tanah
SMS , SM1 , keras, sangat
SDS , SD1 padat, dan 350 < Vs ≤ 750 > 50 ≥ 100
batuan lunak)
Respon
Spektra
Desain
SD (tanah 175 < Vs ≤ 350 15 < N≤ 50 50 < Vs ≤ 100
sedang)
Kategori
Desain
< 175 < 15 <50
Seismik
Atau setiap profil tanah yang mengandung lebih dari 3 m tanah
SE (tanah
dengan karakteristik sebagai berikut:
lunak)
1. Indek plastisitas, PI > 20
Source: SNI
2. Kadar air, w ≥ 40 %, dan kuat geser niralir Su < 25 kPa
1726:2012
SF (tanah Setiap profil lapisan tanah yang memiliki salah satu

Site Class khusus yang atau lebih dari karakteristik sebagai berikut:
membutuhk - Rawan dan berpotensi gagal atau runtuh akibat beban
an gempa seperti mudah likuifaksi, kempung sangat
SS dan S1 investigasi sensitif, tanah tersedimentasi lemah,
geoteknik - Lempung sangat organik dan/atau gambut (ketebalan
Fa , F v , spesifik dan H > 3 m)
SMS , SM1 , analisis - Lempung berplastisitas sangat tinggi (ketebalan H >
SDS , SD1 respons 7.5 m dengan Indeks Plastisitas PI > 75)
spesifik - Lapisan lempung lunak/setengah keras dengan H > 35
Respon
Spektra situs) m dengan Su < 50 kPa
Desain
Kategori
σ𝑛𝑖=1 𝑑𝑖 ഥ Average N spt value
𝑁=
Desain
Seismik ഥ=
𝑁
𝑑
σ𝑛𝑖=1 𝑖
𝑁𝑖
Source: SNI
1726:2012
SS dan S1
Fa , F v ,
SMS , SM1 ,
SDS , SD1
Respon
Spektra
Desain
Kategori
Desain
Seismik
R, Ω0 , dan
Cd Source: SNI
1726:2012

SS dan S1
Fa , Fv ,
SMS , SM1 ,
SDS , SD1
Respon
Spektra
Desain
Kategori
Desain
Seismik
R, Ω0 , dan
Cd
Source: SNI
1726:2012

Fa , Fv ,
Parameter Respon Spektra Percepatan Pada Perioda Pendek,
SMS , SM1 ,
SDS , SD1 Kelas Situs Fa T=0,2 detik
Respon SS ≤ 0.25 SS = 0.5 SS = 0.75 SS = 1 SS ≥ 1.25

Spektra SA 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Desain
Kategori SB 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Desain
SC 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0
Seismik
SD 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0
R, Ω0 ,
dan Cd SE 2.5 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.9
Situs yang membutuhkan investigasi geoteknik spesifik dan

SF analisis respons spesifik situs
Source: SNI
SMs= Ss x Fa
1726:2012
Fa , Fv ,
Parameter Respon Spektra Percepatan Pada Perioda 1 detik
SMS , SM1 ,
SDS , SD1 Kelas Situs F𝐯 T=1,0 detik
Respon S1 ≤ 0.1 S1 = 0.2 S1 = 0.3 S1 =0.4 S1 ≥ 0.5

Spektra SA 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
Desain
Kategori SB 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
Desain
SC 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3
Seismik
SD 2.4 2,0 1.8 1.6 1.5
R, Ω0 ,
dan Cd SE 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.5
SF ss
Source: SNI
SM1= S1 x Fv 1726:2012
Respon
Spektra
Desain SDS= 23 SMS
Kategori
Desain 𝑆𝐷1
Seismik
Sa =
𝑇
R, Ω0 ,
dan Cd
SD1= 23 SM1
𝑆𝐷1 𝑆𝐷1
To= 0,2 Ts= SDS= 23 SMS Source: SNI
𝑆𝐷𝑆 𝑆𝐷𝑆
1726:2012
Determine Natural Periode
Kategori
Kategori Resiko
Desain Nilai SDS
Seismik I atau II atau III IV
R, Ω0 , SDS < 0.167 A A
dan Cd
0.167 < SDS < 0.33 B C
0.33 < SDS < 0.5 C Kategori Resiko D
Nilai≤ SSD𝟏
0.5 DS I atau IIDatau III D
IV
SD1 < 0.067 A A
0.067 < SD1 < 1.33 B C
1.33 < SD1 < 0.20 C D
0.20 ≤ SD1 D D

Determine Natural Period
Kategori
Desain Tingkat Resiko Kegempaan
Seismik Peraturan
Rendah Menengah Tinggi
R, Ω0 , RSNI 03-1726-2012 KDS A, B KDS C KDS D, E, F
dan Cd
SPRMB / M / K SPRMM / K SPRMK

Kategori Tipe Struktur C𝐭 x
Desain
Seismik Sistem rangka pemikul momen dimana rangka memikul 100% gaya
gempa yang disyaratkan dan tidak melingkupi atau dihubungkan
R, Ω0 , dengan komponen yang lebih kaku dan akan mencegah rangka dari
dan Cd defleksi jika dikenai gaya gempa:
Rangka Baja Pemikul Momen 0.0724 0.8
Rangka Beton Pemikul Momen 0.0466 0.9
Rangka Baja Dengan Bresing Eksentris 0.0731 0.75
Rangka Baja Dengan Bresing Antitekuk 0.0731 0.75
Semua sistem struktur lainnya 0.0731 0.75
Ta = Ct × hn x Ta = Aproximity Natural Period of building

hn = Structure heigth (m)

Ta = Ct × hn x
Ta = Aproximity Natural Period of building

hn = Structure heigth (m)

Determine Shear Base Force
R, Ω0 , Koefisien Faktor Faktor
dan Cd modifikas kuat- pembesar
i respons lebih an defleksi
Sistem penahan-gaya seismik
sistem
Geser Dasar R Ω0 Cd
Rangka Baja Pemikul Momen Khusus 8 3 5.5
Rangka Baja Dengan Bresing 6 2 5
Konsentrik Khusus
Rangka Baja Dengan Bresing 8 2 4
Eksentrik

Determine Shear Base Force
Basic formula of shear base:
𝐼 𝐼
Geser Dasar V = S × ×W → S × = Cs
𝑅 𝑅
S = acceleration (g)
Distribusi
w = building Weigth
gaya I = importance factor of building
Gempa R = Reduction factor (Respose modification)

V

Distribution of Earth Quake Force
The earth quake force distributed to every level story by:
Distribusi
gaya
With:
Gempa
Fx
Fx = Earthquake force story level x
Cvx = Vertical Distribution factor Fx
Wx = story weigth at level x Fx
Hx = stroy heigth at level x
K = modification factor
Fx
K = 1,0 if the structure periode (T) < 0,5 s Fx
K= 2,0 if ht stucture periode (t) > 2,5
If 0,5 < T < 2,5 → K= interpolation 1,0 – 2,0 V

Example
L1 L1 L1
3
IWF350x175
a=35o
L2 H
IWF 500 x200
2
IWF 500 x200

L2 H
H 300x300
1 IWF 500 x200
A B C D
H
Building use : Housing
Concrete deck : 13 cm
Flooring : keramik
1 2 3
Roof closer : Zink deck
Ceiling : Eternit
L1 :6m
L2 :6m
H : 3,5 m

Example
Soil Investigation (SPT):

Location : Serang, Banten
Depth Depth
SPT SPT
(m) (m)
3 25 19 32
6 32 22 41
10 30 24 42
14 36 27 45
16 28 30 47
Determine The earth quake force and its distribution!

1. Determine Site Clasification
Depth Layer Thicknes (di)
N-SPT di/Ni
(m) (hi – hi-1) (m)
3 25 3 0,120
6 32 3 0,094
10 30 4 0,133
14 36 4 0,111
16 28 2 0,071
19 32 3 0,094
22 41 3 0,073
24 42 2 0,048
27 45 3 0,067
30 47 3 0,064
Sdi 30 Sdi/Ni= 0,875
σ 𝑑𝑖 30
ഥ
𝑁 = 𝑑𝑖 = 0,875 = 34,30 → 15<N<50 : Medium soil (SD)
σ
𝑁𝑖

2. Determine Site Ss and S1
Ss = 0,45 g S1 = 0,175 g

2. Determine Site Coeficien (Fa , Fv)
Parameter Respon Spektra Percepatan Pada Perioda Pendek,
Kelas Situs Fa T=0,2 detik
SS ≤ 0.250,45 SS = 0.5 SS = 0.75 SS = 1 SS ≥ 1.25
SA 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
SB 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0
SC 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0
SD 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0
SE 2.5 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.9
Situs yang membutuhkan investigasi geoteknik spesifik dan

SF analisis respons spesifik situs
Ss = 0,45 g Interpolation :
Site Class : SD

2. Determine Site Coeficien (Fa , Fv)
Parameter Respon Spektra Percepatan Pada Perioda 1 detik
Kelas Situs F𝐯 T=1,0 detik
S1 ≤ 0.1 0,175S1 = 0.2 S1 = 0.3 S1 =0.4 S1 ≥ 0.5
SA 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8 0.8
SB 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

SC 1.7 1.6 1.5 1.4 1.3
SD 2.4 2,0 1.8 1.6 1.5
SE 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.5
SF ss
S1 = 0,175 g Interpolation :
Site Class : SD

3. Response Spectra
2
SD1= 0,175 x 2,10
3
0,43 SD1= 0,25
𝑆𝐷1
Sa = SDS= 23 0,45 x 1,44
𝑇
SDS= 0,43
0,25
0,43
Ts= = 0,567
0,25
0,113 0,567
0,43
To= 0,2 = 0,113
0,25
SD1= 23 SM1 ; SM1= S1 x Fv SDS= 23 SMS
𝑆𝐷1 𝑆𝐷1
To= 0,2 Ts=
𝑆𝐷𝑆 𝑆𝐷𝑆 SMs= Ss x Fa

4. Seismic Risk Category
Buliding use: Housing → Risk Categori : II
Kategor
Jenis Pemanfaatan
i Resiko
Gedung dan struktur lainnya yang
memiliki resiko rendah terhadap jiwa I
manusia pada saat terjadi kegagalan
Gedung dan struktur lain, kecuali yang
termasuk dalam kategori resiko I, III, dan
IV, termasuk, tetapi tidak dibatasi untuk:
- Perumahan II
- Rumah toko dan rumah kantor
- Pasar
- Gedung perkantoran

4. Seismic Risk Category
Buliding use: Housing → Risk Categori : II
SDS : 0,43 ; SD1: 0,25
Kategori Resiko
Nilai SDS
I atau II atau III IV
SDS < 0.167 A A
0.167 < SDS < 0.33 B C
0.33 < SDS < 0.5 C Kategori Resiko D
Nilai≤ SSD𝟏
0.5 DS I atau IIDatau III D
IV Risk Category:
B
SD1 < 0.067 A A
0.067 < SD1 < 1.33 B C
1.33 < SD1 < 0.20 C D
0.20 ≤ SD1 D D

4. Natural Frequence
Buliding use: Housing → Risk Categori : B
SDS : 0,43 ; SD1: 0,25
Tingkat Resiko Kegempaan
Peraturan
Rendah Menengah Tinggi
RSNI 03-1726-2012 KDS A, B KDS C KDS D, E, F
SPRMB / M / K SPRMM / K SPRMK
Tipe Struktur C𝐭 x
Rangka Baja Pemikul Momen 0.0724 0.8
,
Ta = Ct × hn x → 0,0724 × 10,50 8 = 0,474 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
Structure natural periode

4. Ground acceleration
,
Ta = Ct × hn x → 0,0724 × 10,50 8 = 0,474 𝑠𝑒𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑑
Resume :
S = 0,43 g
0,43
𝑆𝐷1
Sa =
𝑇
0,25
0,113 0,567
0,474

Calculation of Building Weigth
L1 L1 L1
3
IWF350x175
a=35o L2
H
IWF 500 x200 2
IWF 500 x200

H L2
H 300x300
IWF 500 x200 1
A B C D
H
Roof closer : Zink deck

1 2 3 Ceiling : Eternit
Frame B
L1 :6m
Building use : Housing L2 :6m
Concrete deck : 13 cm H : 3,5 m
Flooring : Ceramic

Calculation of Building Weigth
• Total of Building Weight:

n
Wtotal = ෍(Ws𝑙𝑎𝑏 +W𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑚 + Wbeam ) + Wroof

i=2
• Slab floor
Ceramic weigth = 12,5 kg/m2
Spesi layer : 0,025 x 1900 = 38,0 kg/m2
Sand layer : 0,03mx1750 = 52,5 kg/m2
Slab weigth : 0,13x2400 = 312,0 kg/m2
Ceilling Hanger = 7,0 kg/m2
Eternit ceiling = 11,0 kg/m2
Slab Dead Load = 433,0 kg/m2
 4,25 kN/m2

Roof story 6 6 6
a =35o 3
IWF 500 x200

3,5
IWF350x175
3rd story 3rd tributari zone 6
IWF 500 x200
3,5 2
2nd story 2nd tributari zone 6
3,5 1 H 300x300
A B C D
1 2 3
Story Weight:
Floor Slab Dead Load 6m × 12m × 4,25 kN/m2 = 306 kN

9,81
Main Beam (IWF 500x200) 12 m x 89,6 kg/m × = 10,54 .kN
1000
9,81
Column (H 300x300) 3,5 m x 94,0 kg/m× = 3,23 kN
1000
Total Story Weight 319,77 (kN)

Roof story 6 6 6
a =35o 3
3rd tributari zone 3,5
3rd story 6
3,5 2
2nd story 2nd tributari zone 6
3,5 1
A B C D
1 2 3
Roof Story Weight:

1 9,81
Zink deck 2× × 6m × 6m × 10kg/m2 × = 4,31 kN
𝑐𝑜𝑠∝ 1000
1 9,81
Main Beam (IWF 150x100) 2x x 6 m x 21,2 kg/m × = 3,05 kN
𝑐𝑜𝑠∝ 1000
9,81
gording (c 150x50x20) 6x3 m x 4,35 kg/m × = 0,76 kN
1000
8,12 kN
other (bolt, voute) 15% x wr = 1,22 kN
Total Roof Weight 9,34 kN

Base Shear (V)
No Story Koefisien Faktor Faktor
Story Weigth modifikasi kuat- pembesa
(kN) Sistem penahan-gaya respons lebih ran
seismik sistem defleksi
R 9,34
3 319,77 R Ω0 Cd
2 319,77 Rangka Baja Pemikul 3,5 3 3
S 648,88 Momen biasa
Source: SNI 2012
From previous calculation
Faktor S = 0,43 g
Kategori W = 648,88 kN
Keutamaan
Resiko I = 1,0
Gempa, 𝐈𝐞
R = 3,5
I or II 1.0
III 1.25 𝐼
V = S × 𝑊𝐵 × 𝑅
IV 1.5 1,0
V = 0,43 × 648,88 × = 79,72 (kN)
3,5
Housing: Risk category: II

Force Distribution
With: K = 1,0 if the structure periode (T) < 0,5 s
K= 2,0 if the stucture periode (t) > 2,5
If 0,5 < T < 2,5 → K= interpolation 1,0 – 2,0
T = 0,474 secon < 5 → K = 1,0 V= 79,72 kN

No Story Weight Story Height
Wxhxk CVx Fx
Story (kN) (m)
R 9,34 10,5 98,07 0,028 2,23 kN
3 319,77 7,0 2238,39 0,648 51,66
2 319,77 3,5 1119,195 0,32 25,21
S 648,88 S 3455,655 0,996 79,72

Force Distribution
a=35o
2,23
51,66
25,21
1 2 3

L1= 3,A (m)
The TASK
L2 = 4,B (m)
5
IWF350x175
Building use : office
4 Concrete deck : 13 cm
Flooring : keramik
a=30o Roof closer : Zink deck
IWF 500 x200

H 300x300 No ceiling H= 3,C (m)
3 IWF 500 x200
H= 3,C (m)
IWF profile:
2 Coloum : 300x300 IWF 500 x200
Main bm : 500x200
Secondary : 350x175
H= 3,C (m)
Roof : 150x100
1
A B C D
A B C D

The TASK
Soil Investigation (SPT):
Location : your home land (daerah asal)
Depth Depth
SPT SPT
(m) (m)
3 30 19 32
6 32 22 34
10 30 24 50
14 36 27 45
16 23 30 47
Determine the earthquake load and it’s distribution

4.earthquake Analaysis of Earth Quake Resistante Steel Frame Rev 0.2

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Design of Earthquake Resistance

Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 1

2 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 2

4 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

5 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 5

Hubungan antara waktu getar alami

6 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 6

7 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 7

8 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

SF (tanah Setiap profil lapisan tanah yang memiliki salah satu

11 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 11

12 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 12

Respon SS ≤ 0.25 SS = 0.5 SS = 0.75 SS = 1 SS ≥ 1.25

Situs yang membutuhkan investigasi geoteknik spesifik dan

Respon S1 ≤ 0.1 S1 = 0.2 S1 = 0.3 S1 =0.4 S1 ≥ 0.5

16 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 16

SPRMB / M / K SPRMM / K SPRMK

17 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 17

Ta = Ct × hn x Ta = Aproximity Natural Period of building

18 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 18

Ta = Aproximity Natural Period of building

19 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 19

20 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

21 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

22 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

If 0,5 < T < 2,5 → K= interpolation 1,0 – 2,0 V

23 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

IWF 500 x200

24 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 24

Soil Investigation (SPT):

Determine The earth quake force and its distribution!

25 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 25

26 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 26

27 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 27

SB 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

SC 1.2 1.2 1.1 1.0 1.0

SD 1.6 1.4 1.2 1.1 1.0

SE 2.5 1.7 1.2 0.9 0.9

Situs yang membutuhkan investigasi geoteknik spesifik dan

28 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 28

SB 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.0

SE 3.5 3.2 2.8 2.4 2.5

29 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 29

30 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 30

31 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 31

32 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 32

SPRMB / M / K SPRMM / K SPRMK

Structure natural periode

33 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 33

34 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 34

IWF 500 x200

Roof closer : Zink deck

35 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

• Total of Building Weight:

Wtotal = ෍(Ws𝑙𝑎𝑏 +W𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑜𝑢𝑚 + Wbeam ) + Wroof

36 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame

IWF 500 x200

Floor Slab Dead Load 6m × 12m × 4,25 kN/m2 = 306 kN

37 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 37

Roof Story Weight:

38 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 38

39 Design of Earthquake Resistance Steel Frame 39

T = 0,474 secon < 5 → K = 1,0 V= 79,72 kN