IS ARCHITECTURE A PROFESSION OR A BUSINESS qCOMPARISON OF PROFESSION AND BUSINESS OBJECTIVE —> Earning profit Rendering service QUALIFICATION — Nothing Specialized knowledge required ESTABLISHMENT —> Entrepreneur decision Membership of the and fulfillment of legal professional and certificate to formalities practice is needed CODE OFCONDUCT © —> No prescribed Code of conduct prescribed code of conduct need to be followed ADVERTISEMENT —> Products and services are Advertisement is strictly advertised to increase sale prohibited as per code of conduct REWARD —> Profit Professional fee RISK FACTOR —> Always present Not always present TRANSFER OF INTEREST Possible Not possible CAPITAL — Capital requires basedon _Limited capital is required the size & nature of the businessHISTORY OF ARCHITECTURAL PROFESSION & PRACTICE IN INDIA. EAST INDIA COMPANY (1757 to 1858) BRITISH RAJ /RULE (1858 to 1947) TO ESTABLISH THE KINGDOM GOVN BUILDINGS TO BE CONSTRUCTED BRITISH ARCHITECTS INVITED TO INDIA CONSTRUCTED FAMOUS BUILDINGS > C.ST BUILDING (VT RAILWAY STATION) MUMBAI > VICTORIA MEMORIAL KOLKATTA > TAJ MAHAL PALACE HOTEL MUMBAI > RIPON BUILDING CHENNAI REQUIRED TRAINED ASSISTANTS TO WORK STARTED ‘SCHOOL OF ARCHITECTURE MUMBAI 1913 RENAMED, ‘SIRJ.J COLLEGE OF ARCHITECTURE Oldest school in Asia APART FROM GOVN ASSIGNMENTS. BRITISH STARTED THEIR PRACTICE IN INDIA WORKED FOR MAHARAJAS , EUROPEAN BUSSINESS HOUSES ETCDID YOU EVER THOUGHT WHY NORTH IS DOMINATING SOUTH IN THE FIELD OF ARCHITECTUREPROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATION IN INDIA BAR COUNCIL OF INDIA (LAWYER. INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ARCHITECTS ONCE Orato nee rere INDIAN MEDICAL COUNCIL -—pivscians N. > ~““ sureeons | INDIAN INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERSARCHITECTURE PROFESSION IN INDIA IS GOVERNED BY ao ord CO <> GDFUNCTION. STRUCTURE OF COA. ‘A CHIEF ARCHITECTS S ARCHITECTS EX-OFFICIO FROM ARCHITECT (CPWD,DEFENCE,RAIL NOMINATED BY STATE GOVN WAY ETC VICE PRESIDENT. INSTITUTE OF SURVEYORS 5 PERSONS ELECTED 2 PERSON 1 PERSON FROM HEAD OF NOMINATED NOMINATED BY INSTITUTIONS BY AICTE CENTRAL GOVN NON ARCHITECT 3 MEMBERS DISCIPLINARY COMMITEE > COA SHOULD MEET EVERY 6 MONTHS > ANNUAL REPORT NEED TO BE PUBLISHED IN THE GAZETTE OF INDIA THREE MAIN FUNCTION OF COA: > Enrolment of persons holding recognized qualifications > Regulate professional conduct of architects > Assessment of the standard of education & training of architects within countryRUCTURE OF IIA Hononany FELLOW el “ ‘aw-sunewresomcourceor | rMAGUATERROWAARECOGWZED | > aNASOGRTE EMBER TGs AND | > PEREONNAYHOTBEA scorer couisceoranosTecune Worevexso.oanovasacen | qUaiénarcurecr aur > parwevessu ree Sve can aT GenERAL CDF sscoasreneernronwoneian | conmaureD 0 acessmsounce urcummany | MEETNG &oTvER AcTMnEs revvemscanetconersiow | _ascuTecuna rors Pamenovinoustroseve | riecanvoresaswmcasconmestin | wevsesonareucoN sow wa (ORGANISED BY IMA > NOVOTING RIGHT > CANNOT ATTEND GENERAL BODY (MEETING ELECTION HELEVA > THEY CAN WITE ALLA AFTER HIS NAME > PAY MEMBERSHIP FEE > THEY CAN PRACTICE AS ARBITRATOR > ALLOTHER RIGHTS OF FELLOW MEMBER ISTHE SAMEASAN ASSOUATE > PAY MEMBERSHIP FEE > Novorine ruciT > THISIS ONLY A HONOR {ESTOWED ON THE PERSONARCHITECTURE PRACTICE > Investment of capital is done by individual — & Decision making authority > Single owner is Responsible to INDIVIDUAL handle both profit and loss OWNERSHIP > Investment of capital will be taken care by the partners fi > Partnership activity is TERPS ‘governed by (INDIAN SRO CRaSE PARTNERSHIP ACT 1932) 7 > Sharing of profit can be equal caRTNES or unequal basis as per the agreement. > (ARCHITECTS ACT 1972) says ‘that in an architectural firm all partners should be registered SIZE OF PARTNERSHIP FIRM INCREASES AND architects ANNUAL INCOME OF FIRM GOES UP > Company hasta be registered (For Tox Benefits They Wil with REGISTRAR OF Convert The Firm Into COMPANIES as per (companies Private Limited company) act 1956) > If non architects were one of the member of the company then company will be registered as business firm NOT A PROFESSIONAL FIRM. > They can offer variety of services in one single roof.ARCHITECTURE OFFICE ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE DRAWING/ DESIGN OFFICE FUNCTION Development of design concept > Scheme drawing > Municipal drawing > Working drawing, > Details > Presentation drawings Views ete Posts > Senior architect, > Project architect > Assistant architect, Plunior architect > Drafts man > Trainee PRINCIPAL STRUCTURAL / SURVEY DEPARTMENT FUNCTION > Structural design > Inputs > Land survey > Quantity survey > Specifications Estimation > Preparation of contract papers > Bill checking & checking of item rates etc Posts > Structural designer > Quantity surveyor > Civil engineer > Draftsman’ ADMINISTRATION, FUNCTION Office correspondence > Book keeping Accounts > Observation of govt tax, rules Stationery purchase Maintenance of office equipment House keeping Posts > Manager/Secretary >Accounts clerk >Clerk/typist Receptionist Peon > REFERENCE LIBRARY IN THE OFFICE ( Catalogues of building material, Reference books, Drawings & CDARCHITECTURE PRACTICE — SETTING UP THE OFFICE > Office is an entity different from yourself > Capital invested is a loan to office > The office should pay back the money in the form of profit with interest too. Start your proprietary firm Open a Fresh Bank Account apart from ongoing personal account, Office Account (strictly office account) Capital is deposited in this account All office expense is taken care by this account Fees will also be deposited in this account Detailed Pay In Slip Book should be maintained for all cheque with proper Bill No Office account is usually Current Account, so no need to keep huge amount, you wont get interest as it’s not an saving. account.ARCHITECTURE PRACTICE — FINANCE MANAGEMENT — ELEMENTARY ACCOUNTS Book of account and ather documents need to be maintained inan office under the rules of income tax act Following are the documents : 1. CASH BOOK 2. JOURNAL ‘CARBON COPIES OF MACHINE NUMBERED BILLS BILLS, RECEIPTS AND VOUCHERS LEDGER > CASH BOOK -Its a Record Of All Transactions (income and expenditure in cash) -Each expenditure shall be supported by either a Recelpt Or Voucher -If there is no cash transactions in office no need to maintain cash book PETTY CASH BOOK It’s record of day to day expenditure (tea, coffee, stationery) of small value is entered in this book ) LEDGER ‘Transactions recorded in cash baok and journal are posted in the ledger under Different head of accounts. For an architects office different head of expenditure mentioned below: 1, Office rent and other charges like common service charges of the building or property tax Stationery & printing charges Postage Electricity bills, Telephone bills Salary bill paid to slip Fees paid to consultants & surveyors Interest paid to loan amount Membership fees, registration charges in professional bodies and clubs, expenses for attending professional seminars, conventions, workshops, meetings etc. 10. Purchase of book, periodicals, newspapers etc 11. Travelling expenses 12. EntertainmentARCHITECTURE PRACTICE — FINANCE MANAGEMENT ~INCOME TAX & LIABILITIES INCOME TAX This is the central government tax on the Income of an individual and of company as well. GROSS INCOME ~ ALLOWABLE EXPENSES = NET INCOME (100 Rupees) (60 Rupees) (40 Rupees) (Net income alone is considered for taxation) Expenditure under all the above Heads Explained Under Ledger above up to certain proportion is Allowable Expense Many ways to save money and to pay minimum taxes Money spend on the Following Schemes will Help In Reducing The Tax 1. LIFE INSURANCE 2. PUBLIC PROVIDENT FUND 3. NATIONAL SAVING SCHEME LOAN FROM BANK > Hand loan when returned is not deductible from the gross income Money if borrowed from any bank, the loan and the interest paid will be deductible from the gross income, Its convenient to borrow money for the development of officeARCHITECTURE PRACTICE — ACTS TO BE FOLLOWED BY IN THE PRACTICE When an architect employs more than Ten Employees then its No more a small office. ‘The office has to be covered under the definitions of an industry as per Industrial Disputes Act Of 1947 The owner of the office has to make following provisions: > PAYMENT OF GRATUITY ACT Person who has completed minimum five years of service ina company is eligible to get gratuity at his time of termination of, service. > PAYMENT OF BONUS ACT ‘This is applicable to an establishment where Twenty Or More Person are employed. Under this act employer has to pay 8.33% Of Annual Salary (one month salary) and maximum up to 20% (even though the office is small ,u should keep your employee happy by giving gracious amount per year as per your capacity) > EMPLOYEES PROVIDENT FUND ACT This is applicable to an establishment where Twenty Or Mere Person are employed. Under this act, it’s a legal responsibility of an employer to deduct from the salary of an employee ,A Certain Amount Will Be Paid To The Government Treasury Along With Employer's Contribution >TLD.S (TAX DEDUCTED AT SOURCE) Payment of Income Tax And Professional Taxis an Individual’s Responsibility If the office grow big this Responsibility Is Taken Care By The Employer. Income and professional tax will be deducted and paid to the government treasury by the employer.aDvisor Using the best of his knowledge and experiences fhe should advice the dient. His advice must be only in the interest of his client. GENERAL MANAGER, -He Is entrusted with financial undertakings He has to co ordinate with many agencies Ike a general manager -His honesty of purpose must be above suspicion AUDITOR “He has to certify bill consutant He has to workas an auditor -He must be selfiess & impartial payments & feesto the contractars and ather SUPERVISOR Architect must frequently visit work under construction lrespective of the distance He has to Inspect site, either work has been carried out as per conditions and specification ofthe contract The owner or the client completely rely on the architectin this aspect UMPIRE He has to work lke an umpire incase of dispute between the owner & the contractor He must act with entire impartiality SOCIAL CONSCIOUSNESS He has the moral responsibilty towards the society His behavior in the society reflects upon the architectural fraternity as 9 whole EDUCATOR He shall educate directly or indirectly, his dients and the society to Improve quality of Iwing and environment -these are the moral and legal expectations of an architect AT THE COMMENCEMENT OF THE CAREER, ARCHITECT HAS. ‘THE FOLLOWING OPTIONS: > To buya practice or may inherit the practice ‘To work in a firm and climb the ladder of promotion to the stage of becoming a principal or the partner of firm Leave the firm and start hi ‘own practice ‘To win a competition and start his own practice % Individual joining together and starting a practice as, partners ADVANTAGES OF WORKING IN A WELL ESTABLISHED FIRM : > Pleasant atmosphere, location, situation ete > High salary > — High standard for design and its preparation > Sufficient time available for research > Able to handle big projects within a short time SHORT COMINGS OF THE OWN PRACTICE: > Ashe is the principal architect he has to do all technical and research work himself and he will thus lack in good technical information > Less productivity > Long period of experience required to handle big projects, > Cannot satisfy the client so far as the speed is concerned No vacation for the principal , when he is il the work will suffer ARCHITECTS CAREER & POSSIBILITIESBy developing his one man practice architect gradually assumes the principal and a stage might come when he simply become an artist administrator He is the chief man in the office with legal and financial responsibilities > > > To keep a steady flow of work so as to maintain the high standard of his office ‘To take active part in the social activities ‘To submit work for publication in technical journals To co ordinate with various consultants to obtain the desired results without any hitch and delay Proper distribution of work among office staff member Financing of the office ‘Attend to contract, cost planning and time limit for the completion of the workOffice location should be in a prominent and convenient place for easy accessibility 2. Architects office need to be designedina functional manner 3. Allinmates should get proper ventilation and lighting 4, Care should be taken that no over crowding takes place 5. Architect should itself be methodical, then only he can expect discipline from his, office staffs 6. His cabin should bear evidence of his professional status 7. He should arrange appointments with his clients in a proper way to avoid long waiting time (prc & He should be ready for the elfents meeting BY WINNING: ] (ieee as per the appointment with alll necessary _compermion | 5 requirements Catalogue and samples should be properly ae arranged 10. sufficient time and care should be allotted forall the office staff members . Office should posses a good library6. 9) Ensure that his professional activities do not conflict with his general responsibility to contribute to the quality of the environment and future welfare of society Apply his skill to the creative, responsible and economic development of his country Provide professional services of a high standard, to the best, of his ability Ifin private practice, inform his Client of the conditions of engagement and scale of charges and agree that these conditions shall be the basis of the appointment He will not pass on the work to another architect without prior agreement of his Client Not give or take discounts, commissions, gifts or other, inducements for the introduction of Clients or of work ‘Act with fairness and impartiality when administering a building contract, Maintain a high standard of integrity Promote the advancement of Architecture, standards of Architectural education, research, training and practice 10) Conduct himselfin a manner which is not derogatory to his professional 11) Character, nor likely to lessen the confidence of the public in the profession, nor bring Architects into disrepute 12) Compete fairly with other Architects 13) Observe and uphold the Council's conditions of ‘engagement and scale of charges 14) Not supplant or attempt to supplant another Architect 15) Not prepare design free of charge or for a reduced fee showever he may take part in competition approved by the council 16) Must not accept a project which he knows has been given to other architect , before he make sure that the previous appointment has been properly terminated and hhis dues has been settled, He must notify the previous architect before accepting the proposal. 17) Comply with Council's guidelines for Architectural competitions and inform the Couneil of his appointment as assessor for an Architectural competition18) When working in other countries, observe the requirements of codes of conduct applicable to the place where he is working 19) Not have or take as partner in his firm any person Who is disqualified for registration by reason of the fact that his name has been removed form the Register under Section 29 or 30 of the Architects Act, 1972 20) Provide their employees with suitable working environment, compensate them fairly and facilitate their professional development 21) Recognize and respect the professional contribution of his employees 22) Provide their associates with suitable working environment, compensate them fairly and facilitate their professional development 23) Recognize and respect the professional contribution of his associates 24) Recognize and respect the professional contribution of the consultants 25) Enter into agreement with them defining their scope of work, responsibilities, functions, fees and mode of payment 26) Shall not advertise his professional services nor shall he allow his name to be included in advertisement or to be used for publicity purposes save the following. exceptions : 7 ¥ A notice of change of address may be published on three occasions and correspondents may be informed by post Architect may exhibit his name outside his office and on a building, either under construction or completed, for which he is or was an Architect, provided the lettering does not exceed 10cm. in height Advertisements including the name and address of an Architect may be published in connection with calling of tenders, staff requirements and similar matters May allow his name to be associated with illustrations and descriptions of his work in the press or other public media but he shall not give or accept any consideration for such appearances ‘may allow his name to appear in advertisements inserted in the press by suppliers or manufacturers of materials used in a building he has designed, provided his name is include unostentatious manner and he does not accept any consideration for its use, may allow his name to appear in brochure prepared by Clients for the purpose of advertising or promoting projects for which he has been commissioned ‘may produce or publish brochures, pamphlets describing his experience and capabilities for distribution to those potential Clients whom he can identify by name and position may allow his name to appear in the classified columns of the trade / professional directory and/or telephone directory/ websiteARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION > Itsanimportant avenue to encourage talent to come to the force > Main purpose was to give the promoter of competition the choice of the best available design > The jury or assessor with his best of knowledge selects the best design and as well as gives the participants the best deal Guideline of architectural competition lays considerable emphasis on the mandatory requirement of assessor and the qualification = ASSESSOR > Asenior architect (a fellow member of IIA, as per IIA norms) appointed by the promoter to help organize and conduct the competition from beginning to end > The board of assessors all times include architects registered with COA and shall be majority of at least by one when comparing to the promoters organization MERITS OF COMPETITION > Every competitor competes on same conditions, same information and within the same time limit > Entries are judged only by those who are qualified to read, to interpret and to judge, if the design selected meets the promoters requirement DUTIES AND RESPONSIBILITIES OF ASSESSOR Should be available to advise the promoter on all matters connected to the competition > Assist in preparation and approval of the brief > To Carefully study the requirements of local authorities and it shall reflect in the brief > Should visit and inspect site of the project and his observation should reflect in the brief > Should advise promoter on the appointment of technical advisor (for example designing air port, space research centre) » Should finalize conditions of competition > Should prepare the final report on competition called awardPROJECT COMPETITION IDEA COMPETITION Aim was to select the best solution for an actual building project >Competition is related to specific buildings and sites > Purpose was to get a design of high creativity within available constraints Ultimate objective was to. award the project to the winner of the competition >This type is not necessarily project specific > Its promoted to generate innovative ideas of design of buildings and town planning >The winner of this competition is not expected to execute his design > Departments having own drawing & designing team such as CPWD, HUDCO and CIDCO may conduct idea competitionPEN COMPETITION SPECIAL COMPETITION > Competition is open to all architects > Normally announced in daily newspapers, magazines and websites > Normally three prizes will be given in competition, winner will be given the responsibility of design and execution of the project Promoter shortlist 5 to 8 nos of architects as per the advise of board of assessor Short listed architects were invited to participate in the competition Each participant who submits the design will get honorarium and winner will be asked to execute } Competition was conducted For projects like town planning or design of special buildings such as airport, satellite communication centre > Competition held between limited competitors who has certain definite expertise }Itwould be a competition by invitation or open competition with precondition for qualifying to take partSINGLE STAGE COMPETITION ‘TWO STAGE COMPETITION > Basically conducted for small projects and small nature > Entry includes fairly completed drawings, plans, elevations, sections etc and its sufficient to explain the scheme > Entries received are assessed for the award of the prize and appointment of the architect for the project > Basically conducted for large projects or complex nature First stage: competitors are advised to submit drawings explaining the scheme on broad base to indicate the intention of the competitor 5-10 entries are selected in the order of merit received for the first stage Only selected entries were allowed to submit further drawings > Competitors invited for the second stage on submission will be paid Honorarium Final winner will be awarded the prize and given the work order to work as an architectGUIDELINES FOR CONDUCTING ARCHITECTURAL COMPETITION Council has advised all architects to take part in only those competition which meets the guidelines of COA ‘LELIGIBILITY OF COMPETITORS > Architects(registered under COA) > Firms having at least one registered architects as partner or director students of recognized institutions > neither the promoter, nor the assessor or any of the associates partners or employees nor the member of the staff from the institution is ¥ v not the sole assessor 2.PROCEDURE OF COMPETITION > draft condition of competition, time table, registration fees, prize, board of assessor, programme etc should be finalized before the announcement of competition > condition should clearly explain the type of competition, intention of promoter, nature of problem to ne solved, mandatory requirements to be followed by competitors, number, scale, size of drawings, size of documents and models, form of estimates and amount of prize 3.REGISTRATION OF PROCEDURE > Competitor will request the promoter to send registration form > Registration is acknowledged once necessary documents, requisite deposit and other items has been sent > Competition brochure contains following information a) Name of the promoter b) Purpose and nature of competition ©) Number of prizes, prize amounts and honorarium to be Pi d) Name of assessor e) Eligibility of competitors f) Time schedule of competition 8) Procedure of registration, last date and time etc 4,BOARD OF ASSESSOR > Itconsists of group of architects, assessor, promoter, employee of promoter, consultants etc > Architects should be the majority in number > number of assessor appointed by the promoter should not be more than2 Assessor will be paid prescribed Honorarium and out of pocket expense5.PRISE, HONORARIA & MENTIONS > competition announcement should mention the ‘number of prize, amount of honorarium and the prize money > Total prize money will be about 1% of the e project cost ated 6.COPYRIGHT & RIGHT OF OWNERSHIP > each competitor will have the copyright to reproduce his own design > Promoter can reproduce the winning designs in his in house publication & brochure > He cannot exploit it commercially without any agreement or approval from the winning competitor 7.EXHIBITION OF ENTRIES > all competition entries including those rejected by the board of assessor will be displayed at the venue for one week along with the report of assessor > Exhibition will be open to public without any charge > Intimation of date and venue will be sent to all the v participants PARIS RIVERSIDE RESTAURANT Create an architectural icon along the River Seine, that will become a popular destination forthe residents and everyone who visits the city. The Participants must consider the attributes of light, color, materiality, aesthetic {quality that wil ada sense of identity tothe restaurant, eventually creating a landmark along the pleturesque context of River Seine ‘The participants are free to create their own design language, ranging from contemporary to traditional but should be able to merge the shell with the existing context.in a respectful and additive fashion. Create an experience withina restaurant shell that adds tothe programmed Interior space. The participants must try to create a wholesome experience {or the enduserratherthan just a self-referential interior space. The participants are free to design a thematic or a generic interior environment but it should have an immersive effect on the customers, stimulating their sensory experience, Maximize the use of the waterfront cantext and the promenade into the architectural concept for the restaurant. The participantsare required to use ‘the unique nature ofthe site into their design proposal and architectural built form. The participants can use the water element and picturesque surroundings and develop the restaurantas an open, semi-open seating zone. The qua or the dock-promenade can be used as an extension of the restaurant and cultured into a social and leisure zone. Schedule ‘Start of Competition and Early Registration: tst July 2017 Early Registration ends: 34st August 2037 Standard Registration starts: Ist September 2017 Deadline for Questions: 10th September 2017 Standard Registration ends: 30th September 2017 Closing day for Submissions 30th September 2017 Announcement of Winners: 24th October 2017 "Note: All deadlines are 11:59 pm - 00:00 IST (India)‘Awards ‘Winning participants will receive prizes totaling INR 2,00,000 with the Gistribution a follows: First prize- INR 1,00,000/- + Certificate Second peze- INR 60,000/- + Certificate ‘Third prite- INR 40,000/- + Certficat= 10 Honorable mentions \Winnersand honorable mentions willbe published on archasm’s website and several international architecture magazines and websites partnered byus. Registration Early Registration: From ist July 2017 to 31% August 2017 For Indian nationals: INR 1500 (per team) For Foreign nationals- EUR 60 (per team) Standard Registration: From Ist September 2017 to 20th September 2017 For indian nationals- INR 1800 (per team) For Foreign nationals- EUR 80 (per team) Entrants may register by filing the registration form and submitting it with the appropriate payment through our secure gateway on our website unwarcasm in Discount Group discounts apply for a minimum of 5 teams from one particular architecture school/university 2s our initiative to promote more participation from students Send us the following details at queries@archasm in to avallthe offer. Names of allthe participating teams members and their respective team leaders, Name of the university School ID proofs of the team leaders. Note: Iwill not he possible to amend or update any information relating to your registration including the names of team members once validated Regulations Participant teams will be disqualified if any of the competition rules or submission requirements are not considered, Participation assumes acceptance of the regulations. ‘Team code isthe only means of identification of ateamas itis an anonymous competition ‘The official language of the competition is English, ‘The registration fee fs non-refundable. Contacting the Jury is prohibited. archasm as the competition organizer, reserves the right to modify the competition schedule f deemed necessary. ‘Terms and Conditions Please see the terms and conditions section on wwwarchasmin ‘Competition project disclaimer ‘This is an open Intemational competition hosted by archasm to generate progressive design ideas. There are no plans for the riverside restaurant to be built. the competition is organized for education purpose only. Other details ‘Website: ynuwarchasm in Facebook: facebook com/atarchasm Instagram: instagram,com/archasm_competitions I Prien AP, Prep Manuele atone utvandcom ciatedCOMPREHENSIVE ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES. SCOPE OF WORK OF AN ARCHITECT ‘The Architect is required to provide services in respect of the following Part l- ARCHITECTURE : COA PRESCRIBED FOUR SEPARATE > Taking Client's instructions and preparation of design brief |] Sei E OF SERVICES: » Site evaluation, analysis and impact of existing and / or proposed development on its immediate environs > Design and site development > Structural design > Sanitary, plumbing, drainage, water supply and sewerage design > Electrical, electror 1. Architectural services 2. Urban design 3. Landscape architecture 4, Interior architecture communication systems and design > Heating, ventilation and air conditioning design (HVAC) and other mechanical systems > Elevators, escalators, ete > Fire detection, Fire protection and Security systems etc Periodic inspection and evaluation of Construction works Part Il ALLIED FIELDS : > Landscape Architecture > Interior Architecture > Architectural Conservation > Retrofitting of Buildings > Graphic Design and SignageSCALE OF SERVICES/ FEES ‘TYPE OF PROJECT/ SERVICES ‘SCOPE OF WORK & SERVICES (MINIMUM FEES/REIMBURSABLE EXPENSES 1. COMPREHENSIVE ARCHITECTURAL SERVICES 1A) SINGLE BLOCK HOUSING: site up to05 hectare ste more than 0.5 -2.Shectares ‘site more than 2.5 - Shectares >site more than 5 hectares individual House Comprehensive Architectural Services excluding Landscape Architecture, Interior Architecture, Graphic Design and Signage. 5.0% of the total cost of the work 3.5 % of the total cast of the work 2.5 %of the total cast of the work 2.0 %of the total cost of the work 7.5 %of the total cost of the work B) ALL PROJECTS OTHER THAN HOUSING > Repetition ofthe building in the same campus 2 Repetition ofthe building n the same campus ‘Repetition of the building ata different site ‘exduding Landscape ‘Architecture, Interior Architecture, Graphic Design and Signage. 5.0% of the total cost of the work except Landscape Architectuce Interior Architecture, Graphie Design & Signage and Site Development, 25 %of the total cost of the work 3.5 %of the total cost of the work C)SITE DEVELOPMENT ‘except Landscape Architecture, Interior Architecture, Graphic Design and Signage 25 %of the total cost of the work 1D) ARCHITECTURAL CONSERVATION/ RETROFITTING/ADDITIONS AND ALTERATIONS ‘except Landscape Architecture, Interior Architecture, Graphic Design and Signage 75 %of the total cost of the work 2. URBAN DESIGN > Forall projects except Housing Housing Projects > Incaseof Urban Renewal projects Urban Design/ Urban Renewal in the Conditions of Engagement. 4.0 ¥6 of the total cost ofthe work (to be computed at a rate of Bs £6000 per Sq.mt. of proposed built: up area} 720% of the total cost of the work (to be computed at arate of Rs {6000 per Sq.mt. of proposed built ‘up area) 15 % of the total cost of the workSCALE OF SERVICES/ FEES ‘TVPE OF PROJECT/ SERVICES SCOPE OF WORK & SERVICES ‘MINIMUM FEES/REIMBURSABLE EXPENSES 3._ INTERIOR ARCHITECTURE/GRAPHIC DESIGN AND SIGNAGE 'As deseribed for interior Architecture in the Conditions of Engagement. 7.5 % ol the total cost of the work 4, LANDSCAPE ARCHITECTURE ’As deseribed for Landscape Architecture in the Conditions of Engagement 75 % of the total cost of the work 5. SITE VISIT OUTSTATION VisiT > Traveling, Boarding & Lodging Expenses > Foreach day Vests by an Architect/consultantin connection with Project for which commissioned ‘Actual Ar/ AC First Cass Fare (to & fro), AC Car, Boarding & Lodsine, Expensesand Local Transport Rs 3000 Cocat sie vist 2000 so > Abas above a5) a pls Rs LOCAL 110,000 per day or part thereof. > Rs, 4000 per day or part thereof 7.DOCUMENTATION AND COMMUNICATION CHARGES ‘Applicable on al professional fee payable to the Architect. 410 percent ofthe professional fees 8, VERIFICATION AND CERTIFICATION OF CONTRACTOR'S BILLS Verification of Contractor's bills for payment, based on progress of works atsite, measurements af works Certified bythe Construction Manager 4 percent in addition to above feesSCHEDULE OF SERVICES AND PAYMENT ‘The Architect shall be paid professional fee in the following stages consistent with the work done plus other charges and reimbursable expenses as agreed upon STAGE % OF TOTAL FEES PAYABLE (on appointment/ Signing of Agreement/ acceptance of afer. Rs. 20,000" or 5% STAGE On submitting conceptual designs and rough estimate of cost. 10% STAGE 2 On submitting the required preliminary scheme for the 20% Client's approval along with the preliminary estimate of cost. STAGES On incorporating Client's suggestions and submiting drawings for approval from the ClenY/ statutory . authorities, if required, 30-35% Upon Client's / statutory approval necessary for commencement of construction, wherever applicable. STAGEA Upon preparation of working drawings, specifications and schedule of quantities suficient to prepare 48% estimete of cost and preparation of tender documents. STAGES (inviting, receiving and analyzing tenders; adwsing Client 35% on appointment of contractors. STAGES On submitting working drawings and details required for commencement of workat site. 65-90% STAGET On submitting Completion Report and drawings for issuance of completion/ occupancy certificate by 100% statutory authorities, wherever required and on issue of as built drawingsiP tS Seats tener are mts rom he tr! conracars Rang sul experencs Weary ou Pal towing str. 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Meteo Neve Rod ir nap = Mh ‘eae Se0sn2 Ist rcectIstite Works Departmen 0) Seto e Pumng ana wehtece ral [svomonaog (sranvorszre 2 | wens | 1899 described or to supply or purchase goods of prefixed specifications at a price to be quoted by the tendered Tender means an offer to carry work ,that is pre(OPEN OR PUBLICTENDER Most suitable for semi public and public organization Competition is open to all >Notice will be published in the newspaper, magazines etc >Notice should have the following information -Name of the client - Site address and building type - Estimated cost of work EMD - Date of commencement of work Price of blank tender form ~Time and date of issue of blank tender forms Time and date of submitti filled tenders METHODS OF CALLING TENDER | CLOSED OR INVITED TENDER » Suitable for single and small scale ownership projects 5-6 contractors were invited to participate in the tender > Aletter of invitation is send to the contractor with the following, points -Name of the owner -Site Address and bull - Estimated cost of work -EMD - Date of commencement of work - Price of blank tender form -Time and date of issue of blank tender forms “Time and date of submitting filled tenders type PRE REGISTRATION OF CONTRACTORS: Most suitable for semi public and public organization > Notice will be published in the newspaper, magazines ete >In notice its necessary to publish the following -Name of the owner Site Address and building type - Estimated cost of work -EMD - Date of commencement of work Price of blank tender form Time and date of issue of blank tender forms Time and date of submitting filled tenders. > Further contractors are requested to submit following points - Name of the company, address, name of partner {director -List of similar projects, list of projects carried in the last 3-5 years, with cost, architect & name of owner - list of construction equipment possessed and technical persons employed with the company AT certificate Solvency certificate from bankers 5-7 contractors were shortlisted & invited for tenderTENDER DOCUMENT INSTRUCTION TO CONTRACTOR | GENERAL CONDITIONS & LETTER OF OFFER | | COPYOFARTICLESOF | DRAWINGS PRELIMINARIES AGREEMENT & ype of tender }Fromcontractor | GENERAL CONDITIONS Name of work, address & >it includes basic rate of to architects office ‘OF CONTRACT owners name building materials and list of | | >Letteris > Price of blank tender form approved manufacturers of | | prescribed by Printed papers Amount of EMD materials architects office available with lA Time and place of tender submission {QUALITIES OF GOOD TENDER STAGES INVOLVED IN FINALIZING TENDER _| _Lierm of work specified in bill of quantity should be elear and specific 4, sMINCUNEEETORTENDER 2.Working drawing need to be supplied wherever details involved (ex doors, i einGeA oTICe ‘SUBMISSION OF TENDER OPENING OF RECEIVED TENDER TENDER SCRUTINY windows, grils & handrails) 3,AI factory made products trade name to be mentioned 4.Basic price of material can be mentioned in case of certain materials ike ‘marble granite ete S.Alltenderers shall be treated equally with same information lke RATE ANALYSIS (specifications, drawings & bill of quantities Ge mn : SCRUTINY REPORT WoRK ORDERTENDER SCRUTINY EMD. check whether amount submitted f as per tender conditions ifthe EMD is inthe form of cheque, deposit Immediately Yincaseif cheque dishonored by bank, contractor will be ‘terminated future also ‘COVERING LETTER Read carefully covering letter and other enclosures > Cross check the contractors profile company > Contractor should no suggest any conditions > Conditional tender should not be considered and should be rejected ‘ARITHMETICAL CHECK Some mathematical error ‘might come, s0 need to check all bill of quantities Some mistakes might be purposefully done by Contractor to reduce the total amount of tender afer after the tenders are ‘opened contractor will not be allowed to enter the missing tem rate Missed item wil be carried out at free of cst tothe REBATE some times contractor offers rebate at certain percent Rebate offered is without any condition it can be accepted COMPARITIVE STATEMENT Having completed arithmetical check, correcting totals and applyingrebate etc, 2 statement should be written with name of contractor and their coreectes total tender offer All should be written in the ascending order lit Lowest offerin the fist place and the highest offer in the last place First 3-4 will be considered and studied further for short listing tendlers A. Detailed scrutiny of all the tenders received is done by the architects office and a scrutiny report is submitted to the owner recommending a contractor for the work B. Tender scrutiny is a time taking task to scrutinize so many tenders, it should be done methodicalFirst 2-3 contractors from the ascending list, will be analyzed Rate analysis will be asked to submit by selected contractors Rate analysis means detailed calculation made to arise at item rate Rate analysis will be used to Make ‘competing contractors to reduce rate Rate quoted by the contractor should not be revealed to the ather competing contractor during rate analysis, Low rate will be tempting but as an architect we should check whether good quality of work will be produced Architect should always recommend reasonable economic rate to produce good quality of work Contractor financial strength should be checked to handle the project in the estimated cost Previous work experiences and conduct certificate reference should be analyzed After a careful scrutiny of the tenders received, the next job of architect is to Recommend suitable contractor to the owner for the work. This is called @ Scrutiny report > After tender scrutiny architect will recommend either 1- 2 contractors to owner Architect office always make an estimate cost of construction and they will compare with the shortlisted contractors Quality of previous work done by the contractor will be an added advantage Architect scrutiny report will be submitted to client / owner in an enclosed envelope (confidential document) v v v ¥ This confidential document is opened in the meeting and discussed with the presence of the client ¥ Sometimes architect recommends two contractor, one in the first place and other in the second place, client will choose the final winner > Letter of intent will be issued from architect office to contractor > Contractor work in the form of written statement > Finally the most waited work order will be given to the selected contractor also accept the offer and convey his interest to do theA letter issued from architect to contractor on behalf of the owner to take up the work is called the work order > This letter should have the proper reference of the tender submitted by the contractor > This letter includes the commencement of the work and its also a part of the contract document EMD (Earnest Money Deposit) Amount of money deposited along with the filled in tender ora quotation > EMD will be retained with architects office without payable interest > twill be held for one month from the date of receipt of tender > Amount will be refunded for unsuccessful contractors > Amount of selected contractor will be converted as security deposit > In any circumstances if the selected contractor was unable to commence the work, EMD will be credited to owners account as part of compensation 3) TIME PERIOD 2) COUNTER OFFER BY OWNER, Usually one month will be the time period Within this time period scrutiny report need to be submitted to the client & contractor need to be finalized Beyond this time frame contractor wont accept the work order with the same tender offer >If the owner puts forth alternative method of contract for the same work itis called as counter offer >in this method contractors na mare bound by the legal binding of his earlier tender offer >If the death occurs of either of the party before entering into a contract, then the tender offer is. ineffective > Contractors who have filled in tenders are set free Withdrawal of tender process canbe from the ower or from the contractor Client can abandon the work Awarded contractor cannot withdraw from the process, if he does looses his EMD and owner take him to the court of law for the compensation> An internet based process > complete tendering process; from advertising to receiving and submitting tender-related information are done online, > This enables firms to be more efficient as paper- based transactions are reduced ar eliminated, facilitating for a more speedy exchange of information. ADVANTAGES: Fully automated process Shortens procurement cycle Economical and environmental friendly >Greater transparency System aided evaluation process ¥ Comparative analysis of tendering is easy > Minimize human errors > Minimize storage space > Lesser hassle of communication and administration Allows anytime anywhere bidding No dependence of courier, newspaper etc Reduces travelling cost Allows last minute submission of tenders Tender notice creation 4: 2. Tender promotion 3. Tender document 4, Pre bid meeting 5. Bid submission 6. Payment gateway 7. Tender storage & opening 8. Tender evaluation ‘9.Negotiation 10qTender award 11.Vendor registration & rating 12 Tender audit & storage CONVENTIONAL TENDERING E TENDERING Prolonged procurement cycle Short procurement cycle ui le expensive Paper based procurement Economical Eco & Environmental As everything is digital sadly Restricted mobility Any time any where bidding Possibility of human errors ‘Accurate process Bidding is possible only on office working days Bidding possible on holidays Physical security Foolproof security Wastage of space Negligible storage space Content not sharable Easily sharable Submission takes more time ‘One click submission possible even at last minute> Contract dacument consists the following papers: 1. Copy of public TENDER notice 2. Copy of work order 3. Letter of offer by contractor - Articles of agreement - General conditions of contract, VOLUNTARY AGREEMENT BETWEEN ~ Appendix TWO OR MORE PARTIES 4. Specifications of work & material > A contract is 2 voluntary arrangement between two or 5._ Bill of quantities (Contract more parties that is enforceable by law as a binding legal 6 Contract drawings agreement. > Contract is a branch of the law of obligations in jurisdictions of the civil law traditi Pome Note ; Indian stamp act of 1899 * Contract shall be executed and signed on a stamp paper of appropriate value Incase of dispute unstamped contract papers cannot be admitted before an arbitrator or a court of law > Contract should follow INDIAN CONTRACT ACT 1872 to regulate the agreements or undertakings in businessARTICLES OF AGREEMENT >it sthe First page of contract document printed inthe for form of filin gaps 1 This has to be signed between dient & contractorfother party) thas to be typed in a stamp paper of appropriate value > Ithas to be duly signed by client contractor > it usually contains the following Date of signing of contract -Project owner name & address Other party usually the single contractor, being @ partnership company all partners name should be Included -Deseription of the work like apartment/hosptal -Name of the architect & address Working drawing & specification Contract drawings & bill need to be signed by both part Security deposit amount to be mentioned -Itis agreed as follows that contractor has to complete the worka per terms of contract and owner has to pay the sumas per terms of schedule -Architeet for the contract & his suecessor incase due to unavoidable situations need to be induded This article of agreement need tobe signed in the presence of witness Asticles of Agreement mde te aevet » fr wn pnd ce nt) WHEREAS te per eco (tia aed“ Wat’) sath cnn ene a is of Que sag ening te AND WHEREAS he Cire a apd he pe iy ped oy of ld if Queen ecorcary otal compere Wor nnn ph Cat mt bed eer 2 The ple wl pny he Cont mm ofCERTIFICATION OF CONTRACTOR BILLS ‘AMOUNT oral) Seri PAYABLE OF TOTAL cost ‘All Foundation work including, 1 plinth 10.15% . Brick work Plastering & painting toe 8 Flooring 6% 5 wash & color wash om PROJECTPROJECT A PROJECT BUDGET = SEVERAL CRORES tf i OWNER / CLIENT ARCHITECT / CONTRACTOR | | Finance the projec Executes the project Owns the project Gets payment, stage wise periodical PROJECT B PROJECT BUDGET = SEVERAL THOUSAND CRORES a PUBLICGOVENRMENT PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP / MNC | | Unable to Finance the project || >Finance the project Public private partnership [PPP) | | >Executes the project Gets back the project after the || >Get the profit for the riskfactor contract period from PPPPUBLIC PRIVATE PUBLIC PRIVATE PARTNERSHIP (PPP) > PPP is a mode of providing public infrastructure and services by Government in partnership with private sector. > Itis along term arrangement between Government and private sector entity for provision of public utilities and services. > Conventional form of finance ~ the budgetary allocation by the government is not enough to meet this big investment size. > PPP Model is concentrate to development of -National Highways & State Highways, -Operation of Container Trains, -Re-development of Railway Stations, “Transmission of Electricity and Urban Metro Rail. Etc., -Procurement-cum-Maintenance Agreement for Locomotives -Non-metro Airports, Greenfield Airports Port Terminals1. BOT (Built Operate Transfer) 2. BOOT (BUILT OWN OPERATE TRANSFER) 3. BOLT (Build Operate Lease Transfer) 4. DBFO (Design Built Finance Operate) 5. DBOT (Design Built Operate Transfer) DCMEF (Design Construct Manage Finance) BOT (BUILT OPERATE TRANSFER) ‘The private partner is responsible to design, build, operate (during the contracted period) and transfer back the facility to the publie sector. > The private sectoris expected to bring the finance for the project and take the responsibility to construct and maintain it. > The public sector wil either pay a rent for using the facility or allow private sector to collect revenue from the users. > The national highway projects contracted out by NHAI under PPP (Private Public Partnership]mode is an example. BOOT (BUILT OWN OPERATE TRANSFER) OR B00 (BUILT OWN OPERATE) > Th a varlation of the BOT model > Ownership of the newly built facility will rest with the private party during the period of contract > Resulting inthe transfer of most of the risks related to planning, design, construction and operation of the project to the private partner > The public sector partner will however contract to ‘purchase’ the goods and services produced by the project on mutually agreed terms and conditions. > project built under PPP (Private Public Partnership) will be transferred back to the government department or agency at the end of the contract period, generally at the residual value > Private partner recovers its investment and reasonable return agreed toas per the contract > This approach has been used for the development of highways and ports.BOLT (BUILT OWN LEASE TRANSFER) Public sector client gives a concession to a private entity to build and to design a Fac as well to own the facility, lease the facility to the client, then at the end of the lease period transfer the ownership of the facility to the client. ¥ ¥ Private entity, contracted by the client, has the responsibility to raise the project finance during the construction period. ‘Main advantage is to remove the burden of raising the finances {or the project from the client and places iton the private entity, BOLT developer assumes all the risk, the risk of raising the project financing and the risk during the construction period. such risk is not undertaken for free by the developer but comes, at a cost, which is passed onto the client. Facility is owned by the developer until the lease period ends. ‘The lease period will see the client who in essence becomes the tenant of the facility, paying the developer a lease (monthly or annually) for the use of the facility at a predetermined rate for a fixed period of time. ‘The lease payment becomes the method of repaying the investment, and ultimately rewarding the developer's shareholders ‘At the end of the lease period, ownership of and the responsibility for the facility are transferred to the client from the developer at a previously agreed price. DBFO (DESIGN BUILT FINANCE OPERATE] > The private party assumes the entire responsibility for the design, construct, finance, operate and to maintain the project for the period of concession. The private participant to the project will recover Investment and Return On Investments (ROI) through the concessions granted or through annuity payments etc, The public sector may provide guarantees to financing agencies, help with the acquisition of land and assist to obtain statutory and environmental clearances and. approvals > ttassuresa reasonable return as per established norms or Industry practice etc,, throughout the periad of concession. DBOT (DESIGN BUILT OPERATE TRANSFER) Private party contracted to design and build operate with their own finance considering government specifications Private party can charge a fee from users (like toll tax for highvays in India) for a predetermined period > cost and profits are recovered and then transfer the project, to the government. > Later government may decide to continue the fee or waive it offSTAGE 1 EXPRESSION OF INTEREST STAGES [ress >» It’san initial stage of a procurement (work/service) > — EO! (Expression Of Interest) is nothing but a submission made by the prospective tenderer showing the interest to provide service > Interested tenderer will respond to the public notice/advertisement issued by the client % This public notice inckides description of contracting body/clent STAGE1 -nature, scale & budget of the work ee -type of contract & its condition > information requited from the tenderer includes ST -Contact detail [aE | ee | Financial information -Previous relevant experience STAGE 3 Technical capacity ( machinery) REQUEST FOR TENDER “Staff experience and availabil 1 > Detail submited inthe expression of interest helps to reduce no of companies tobe invited for Grex] submitting tenderer. EVALUATION OF Bis || > Main aimwas to geta list of potential serice providers to proceed with the work 1 STAGE 2- REQUEST FOR PROPOSAL v v v It’s an Second stage followed by Expression Of Interest Mostly used when client is looking for any soluti based response to fulfill requirements Looking for an innovative and creative solutions After expressing the interest the potential tenderers will submit business solutionsSTAGE 3- REQUEST OF TENDER STAGE 4- EVALUATION OF BIDS Bids (Tenders) are evaluated by the respective Technical, legal commercial & financial expects > Evaluation takes place in three parts (1)Technical evaluation (2}Commercial evaluation (2)Capacity evaluation TECHNICAL EVALUATION +To Checkall technical spec to. meet minimum tender requirement > alternative tech or material grade offered need to be verified Feed back of working of the equipment supplied by the bidder in other projects need to be evaluated duly signed >To check the cost shipping cost etc COMMERCIAL EVALUATION >To check bid forms either it has been >To check additional cost like delivery & >To check any other commercial deviations CAPACITY EVALUATION > identify whether bidder has sound financ condition >To check bidderis not under any litigation >To check whether cost of any long term agreement has been included Geo political scenario need to be evaluated in case of foreign bidder > Post Bid meeting. -This Is mainly done to negotiate the technical specs wherever appropriate -Meeting is done separately with shortlisted Bidders Bidders were asked to resubmit the Bids with revised quote and technical spec Evaluation report - (Generated for office records this includes) Description of contract “Type of tender “Tender notice Closing date of tender “Tender opening & compilation ofall tenders Analysis of three lowest tenders Performance record of lowest three tender -Recommendation of assessment panel STAGE 5- AWARD OF WORK Based On Evaluation Report & Recommendation Of Assessment Panel best bidder is declared > Letter of award of work is issued to the successful bidder Bidder Is added to submit a contract performance guarantee which could be bank guarantee, DD or FD > Contract between client & bidder is drafted as per international contract law Contract obligations, technical obligations, quality obligations need to be drafted Completion and payment schedule is neatly drafted > Contract is finally signed and moved for implementationEMERGING SPECIALISATION IN THE FIELD OF ARCHITECTURE designer ‘CAREER INARCHITECTURE | CAREERINART&DESIGN | CAREER OUTSIDE OF DESIGN ‘Architectural journalism | Graphic designer / logo designer | Event planner Architectural photography | Wnustreldestener/ product | Teacher/ Professor Construction/project| manager Furniture designer Philanthropist Landscape architect Video gaming Poltidan Urban planner & designer | Artirector Culinary arts Lighting architect Film maker tow ‘Conservation and restoration architect Fashion designer Naval architecture Interior designer ‘Architectural visualization / Air craft designer Jewelry designer ‘Marketing & communication puter (| [REEETWAES Digital fabrication ‘Musician e JAMES "JIMNY" STEWART oer}> Architectural journalism is a written documentation of architecture and design » Architecture Journalism is an area which is largely unexplored and is on its way to becoming 8 successful career choice for architects and architecture students in general > writers/jourmalists write artides and cover events for magazines and websites » The knowledge gained while at Architectural schools with holistic view for an architectural education and as a professional on field makes him a eitic. Journalism can actually support the profession on a better standing of sustainability and environmental issues of today with the shifting paradigms of architecture in the global sector >It open doors to new forms of inquiry, through its intellectual probes into futurist ideals and questioning the wider architectural creations. Architectural joumalist requires a wide range of attributes which include vastness of knowledge, years of experience, the power of persuasion, excellent delivery skill, lots of patience, thirst for awareness, and logic in arguments. > Architectural Journalists not only assist architects in understanding the nature of their own project but also help them in developing a critical judgment aboutit. >The writers/journalists main job is to assess how successful the architect and others Involved with the projects »fased on Specific criteria works of architect wi reviewed, that includes ACHIEVEMENTS -Aesthetics Proportion eestesned en Functionality eva ogni hen -Architectural style Choice and use of building materials FAILURES ‘Built environment or context ‘he familly does not live in the house seause« Sustainability ARCHITECTURAL JOURNALISM ‘ ESET 4 Less is a bore. WE KNOW THAT LESS IS NOT MORE , LESS IS SIMPLY LESS! sntsoom i nt makes occupants happy to vein it ‘SOME FAMOUS CRITICSARCHITECTURAL PHOTOGRAPHY W's the photographing of buildings and similar structures that are aesthetically pleasing W's avery lucrative and fulfilling career as demand risen for pictures of architecture. >it shoots photographs of building interiors and exteriors for clients ranging from architects to interior designers, artists, restaurateurs and publications, > Thousands of ideas such as movement patterns, people concentration & their feelings can be captured to communicate to the third person ‘who doesn’t know about the place >it requires “alot of the same visual and aesthetic skills that an architect Is already familar with >it allows people to abtain a visual understanding of buildings they may never get the opportunity to visit in their lifetime It helps in creating a valuable resource that allows us to expand our architectural vocabulary. Pit freezes time Pit creates a captivating visual narrative of 2 built environment for publication Architectural vocabulary and understanding the design and construction process. helps to determine how best to tell the story of his clients’ projects through photography. >The language of vision is the basis of capturing qualities and emotions In photography >t still consists of composition, color, environment and experiences. Photography concerns itself more with the aesthetic, with the object and the composition in that unique moment, within that specific frame. Nu a yoni Sd Ta | Di bysCONTRUCTION & PROJECTMANAGER erty tarry Don't find fault, find a remedy. > Construction project management isthe art of directing and coordinating ‘human and material resources throughout the ife of a project >It uses modern management techniques to achieve predetermined objectives of scope, cost, time, quality, and participating objectives 2A project manager is a person who tias the overall responsibility for the ‘successful initiation, planning, design, execution, monitoring, controlling and closure of a project. ‘He needs a wide range of slils and abilities to manage diverse teams and projects, ‘He helps ensure the projects tracking along to plan. > They manage the project soit finishes on time and on budget, and that their ‘team completes it according to building codes, plans, and specs. ‘He should make sure they contro risk and minimize uncertainty Good project manager cam lessen risk significantly, often by adhering to 3 policy ‘of open communication, ensuring every significant partipant has an opportunity ‘to express opinions and concerns. > Project managers use project management software, uch as Microsoft Project, to organize their tasks and workforc ‘THE PROJECT MANAGER ENCOMPASSES MANY ACTIVITIES INCLUDING: Planning and Defining Seape Risk Analysis ‘Adtvity lanningand Sequencing | Managing Risks and Issues Resource Planning ‘Monitoring and Reporting Progress Developing Schedules Team Leadership Time Estimating Strategie influencing Cost Estimating Business Partnering Developing a Budget Working with Vendors Scalability Interoperability and Portability Documentation Analysis (Creating Charts andSchedules | Controlling QualityOBSERVE & ANALYZE THE GIVEN EIGHT VISUALS| GLOBALIZATION AND ITS IMPACT ON ARCHITETURE ‘Latsalmer, 2-Dance Palace Russia, 3-Namaste Tower in Mumbai, 4-Nanjing, China, 5 -CCTY, Beijing , 6-Akshardham temple in South Delhi, 7- Igumnov House, Moscow, B-The Park Hotel, Hyderabad ‘Globalization is inevitable’ — said Amartya Sen, Being world-class is one of the changing trends in Indian Architecture that every architect seems to swear by, » Globalization is the process of creating a free environment across the globe where there are free and frequent movements of goods and services across the boundaries of nations >it existed from a long time in the history of mankind, but not so prominently. Only during the voyages undertaken by countries like Portugal, Spain, France, United Kingdom and other European countries, the linkages between geographic regions became more defined and functional Globalization has given rise to new forms and styles of architecture like neo-classical, modernism, post-modernism, mi architecture etc. design elements like domes, ornamental columns, windows ete. > People tend to follow the same type of buildings irrespective af the geographical locations and this in turn, has created ‘monotony in architecture and loss of rich identity of a place or city through its architecture > Globalization is an outcome of communication technology and the development of the internet > It encourages international interdependence & compression of time and space >» There are four important factors that affect the ability of architecture to form a relationship with a national-cultural identity 1) The physical nature of the region 2) Materials and methods of construction, 3) Belief system) 4) Memory. >All four factors are challenged and severely undermined because of the increase in information flow, advancements in communication technology and greater mobility of goods and people, the global culture resulting its version of homogenization > Architectural theory, on the ather hand, advances the use of the interpretation/reinterpretation dynamic in architecture, which helps to destabilize meaning in architectural language and it results in alienating the physical horizons of cities and in alienation of people imalistic.[FOREIGN ARCHITECTS IN INDIA "Foreign architects bong in led ested and function preon — = Process in the way projects are designed and built They pair up with the Indian expertise on the ground to get the things done ad but ‘Foreign architects ngs he foreign solutions and deskn principles Wihich may mot workin al parts of Ida They artery binging New York, Chiago, shanghal to Iumbal, Chena Dell snouts: other towne anes ony tine wilde wither tis wy a sucestl log un, adeininaa but designed by ct of oregnotarditess, [Cong te cashon the country's real estate boom DMM LICbesed company hus 38 prefect unde wy nine row stoking permanert base in Mumba celebrated Brith sreect Lord Norman foster has enteredinla eRBGa ;, ]| inate up witha Murbal base veal estate tm, the Nepuie re Booming economy has prompted developers to bring in | ‘Sut peated buyer respond wo designers withinereatonl foreign architects to design everything from airport to residential || reputation st much as hey rerpond to hsuay label addr and office tower to resorts” additional validation of for their choice Mahindra World City project, on-ground implementation experience is currently avalable only with IsNot a New Phenomenon International firms who have conceived and implemented such projects in different parts ofthe world,” > Foreign firms can handle and visualize massive scale projects their designs are innovative, they create not only buildings they create landmarks >> Working with foreign architects gives us exposure to international standards and lot to leam from their use of detailing and modern materials. > New generation of foreign architects were involved in creating a new skyline for India with the help of glittering computer generated images invasion of foreign architects in Indi is nota new phenomenon, ‘Lutyens New Delhi and Le Corbusier, -Ahmedabad's indian Insitute of Management reflects Louis Kahn's trademark style of veering towards monolithic masses resembling ancient ruins Christopher Charles Benninger designed the Mahindra United World College of india, near Pune. British-born Laurie Baker planned the Fishermen's Vilage in Poonthura in Kerala, “American Joseph Stein gave shape to Delh's India international Centre, > Selection of international architect is driven by the unique needs of the project like 325-acre | Foreign Architects in india| INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY & ITS IMPACT ON ARCHITETURE | > The application of information Technologies (1) is moving forward with ‘tremendous speed affecting all industries and professions; our building profession is no exception. > Today we witness thatthe idea of architectural project is not the same asit was uring the renaissance, the baroque or even 20 years ago We are now in digital age, where architects find a new way to represent, express, {generate and construct buildings through digital information Technological revolutions affect processes and products of architecture > Information technology has the potential of transforming current design processes, into a network of design, manufacturing, and management organizations where ‘multiple professions are involved and geographic locations are insignificant. > Paradigm shift in architecture and construction industry has been originated by ‘the RIM design and management methodology, where the primary causal elements are: Transfer in computer software techniques from procedural algorithmic programming languages to object-oriented; and Change in the building representation from drawings and written specifications to integrated models, ‘aking building elementsand spaces as the starting point RIM acts as an integrated, comprehensive building model which stores Information contained in traditional building documents, such as drawings, spedification, and construction details in a centralized or distributed database. > since al the relevant information is organized as a database, rather than sets of drawings, specifications, ete Goal of using BIM isto provide a common structure for information sharing that can be used by all agents in the design pracess and construction, as wel as for the facility management after a buildings constructed and occupied information contained in BIM can be used internally for analysis and simulations, such as structural analysis or energy performance. > Construction documentation is automaticaly generated and updated when the ‘changes are made to the model. The information about the model can also be extracted for extemal applications. >The major benefits of BIMs -Abilty to create views and schedules dynamically and automatically -Instant reflection of changes in all drawings and schedules -Single integrated file fora project Mamgenen ‘eae i Figure 3: BIM utilization during design and operation,“ DISABILITY IS A PHASE, EVERYONE AT ONE POINT OR THE OTHER PASSES THROUGH SUCH PHASES” BARRIER FREE ENVIRONMENT (Pry a ry & Y coven Ae re DESIGN for ALL Accessibility cannot be an aspect of sympathy , but Its an right of every of individualFOUR MAJOR CATEGORY OF DISABILITIES & ITS GUIDELINES FOR BARRIER FREE BUILT ENVIRONMENT 1. Non-Ambuatary : Inpatmens that regucess of cause or ‘mandestaton fr al racial purses, Ganine hols ahoe. Scare 2, SemiAnbatry: Impairments fat cause dials o wah ‘wih ofculy or recent. rao wg Traces or enches, argues aris, ‘Spasies Shove wth puronary & cardiac: emo te verano 3. Sit ‘Total bininess or impairments fein apne he exten! hat he eewaat ‘inctoning in public areas Is nsec oF ‘exposed danger 4. Hearng Deafness or herng handicaps tht might me an eit rena pile aos rear worn sais. “Approach to plinth level » Every building should have at least one entrance accessible to the handicapped and shall be indicated by proper signage. This entrance shall be approached through a ramp together with the stepped entry, Ramp shal be finished with non slip material of Minimum width 11800 mm. & with maximum gradient 1:12, » length of ramp shall not exceed 9.0 meter having 800 mm high hand rail on both sides extending 300 mm. beyond top and bottom of the ramp. >For stepped approach size of tread shall not be less than 300 mm. and maximum riser shall be 150 mm. » Provision of 800 mm. high hand ral on both sides of the stepped approach similar to the ramped approach, 1) SITE DEVELOPMENT ‘Access Path/ Walk Way ‘Access path from plot entry and surface parking to Building entrance shall be ‘minimum of 1800 mm. wide having even surface without any steps. » Slope, if any, shall nt have gradient greater than 5%. Finishes shal have a non slip surface with a texture traversable by @ whee! chaic Selection of floor material shall be made suitably to attract or to guide visually impaired persons “Parking a) Surface parking for two Car Spaces shall be povided near entrance for the physically handicapped persons with maximum travel dstance of 30.0 meter from building entrance The width of parking bay shallbe minimum 3.6 meter €) The information stating thatthe space is reserved for wheelchair users shall be conspicuously displayed. 4) Guiding floor materials shall be provided or 2 device which guides visually impaired persons with audible signals or other devices shall be provided.2) BUILDING REQUIREMENTS -Enit/Entrance Door > Minimum clear opening of the entrance door shall be 900 mm. and!it shall not be provided with a step that obstructs the passage of a wheel chair user Threshold shall not be raised more than 12 mm. Entrance Landing > Entrance landing shall be provided adjacent to ramp with the minimum dimension 1800 mm x 2000 ‘mm provided with floor materials to attract the attention of visually impaired persons. -Corridor connecting the entrance/eait for the handicapped > The minimum width shall be 1500 mm » Guiding floor materials’ shall be provided or devices that emit sound to guide visually impaired persons >In case there isa difference of level slope ways shall be provided with a slope of 1:12 “Stale-ways >>The minimum width shall be 1350 mm. 2>Hcight of the riser shall not be more than 150mm ‘and width of the tread 300 mm, The steps shall not have abrupt (square) nosing. 2 Waximum number of risers on 2 flight shall be limited to 22 2-Hand rails shall be provided on both sides “Toilets One spedal WC in a set of toilet shall be provided for the use of handicapped, with essential provision of wash basin near the entrance for the handicapped 2 The minimum size shall ee 1500 mm x 1750 mam Minimum dear opening of the door shall be 900 mmand the door shall swing out Suitable arrangement of vertical/horizontal handrails with 50 mm. clearance from wall shall be made in the toilet. > The WC. seat shall be 500 mm. from the floor provision of at least one lft shall be made for the wheel chair user Clear internal depth & width : 100 mm. 2000 mm Entrance door width : 900 mm. A hand ral not less than 600 mm. long st 2000 mm. above floor level shall be fed adjacentto the control panel The lft lobby shall be of an inside measurement of 1800 mm x 1800 mm. oF The time of an automatically closing door should be minimum 5 seconds and the closing speed should not exceed 0.25 ‘Meter/Sec. >The interior of the cage shall be provided with a device that audibly indicates the floor >it should also indicates that the door of the cage for entrance/exit is either open or closed.| COASTAL REGULATION ZONE | ‘ 3 Protection Act, c nt Under the Evironment Protection Ac, 109% of nda bythe Ministry ofErvionment and Forests, Na Line ‘the coastal land up to 500m from the High Tide Line (HTL) and a stage of 100m along banks of creeks, estuaries, backwater and rivers subject to tidal fluctuations, i called the Coastal Regulation Zone(CRZ}. CCRZ along the country has been placed in four categories. cre: a) Areas that are ecologically sensitive and important, such as national parks/matine parks, sanctuaries, reserve forests, wildlife habitats, mangroves, corals/coral reefs, areas close to breeding and spawning grounds of fish and other marine life, areas of outstanding natural bbeauty/historcally/heritage areas, areas rich in genetic diversity, areas likely to be inundated due to rise in sea level consequent upon global warming, and such other areas as may be declared by the central government or the concerned authorities at the state/unian territory level from time to time. .) Areas between the LTL and HTL. fea ed re ees se rz >This category includes areas that have already been developed up to or close to the shoreline. For this purpose, the term ‘developed area’ is used for areas within muniipal limite or in other legally designated urban areas that are already substantially built up and have been provided with drainage, approach roads, and otherinfrastructural facilities. rz Areas that are relatively undisturbed and do not belong to the first two categories, These wil include coastal zones in rural areas (developed and undeveloped), areas within municipal mits or in legally designated urban areas that are not substantially built up crziv Coastal stretches in the Andaman & Nicobar, Lakshadweep and small islands, except those designated as CRZ-I, CRZI, of CRZHIrz No new construction shall be permitted in CCRZ- areas except > (a) projects relating to the Department of ‘Atomic Energy (b) pipelines, conveying systems including transmission lines exploration and extraction of oll & natural gas ccRzAt Buildings shal be permitted only on the landward side of the existing road or on the landward side of existing authorized structures. These buildings will be subject to the existing local town and country planning regulations including the existing norms of floor space index (FSI/floor area rato (FAR). rz. Areas up to 200 metres from the HTL have to be earmarked as a ‘No Development Zone’ > The following uses, however, may be permissible in this zone: ‘Agriculture, horticulture, gardens, pastures, parks, play fields, forestry, and salt ‘manufacturing from sea water. Vacant plots between 200 and 500 metres of the HTLin designated areas of CRZAI can bbe developed with prior approval from the ‘Ministry of Environment and Forests (MEF) >The construction/reconstruction of dwelling units between 200 and S00 metres of the HTL permitted ifthey are within the ambit of traditional rights and customary uses such as. existing fishing villages. Building permissions for such construction/reconstruction will be subject to the conditions thatthe total number of ‘dwelling units shall not be more than twice the number of existing units, > the total covered area on all floors shall not exceed 33 per cent ofthe plot size, ‘>the overall height of construction shall not ‘exceed 9 metres, and the construction shal rot be more than 2 floors (ground plus one). Construction is allowed for permissible activities under the natifieation including facilites essential for such activities crz-v >No new construction of buildings shall be permitted within 200 metres of the HTL; except faclities for generating power by non ‘conventional energy sources, desalination plants and construction of airstrips and associated facilities. >The buildings between 50 and $00 metres from the High Tide Line shall not have more than 2 floors (ground floor and fist floor) the total ‘covered area on all floors shall nat be mace than 50 per cent of the plot size and the total height ‘of construction shall not exceed 9 metres; The design and construction of buildings shall be consistent with the surrounding landscape and local architectural style Corals from the beaches and coastal waters shall not be used for construction and other purposes.HERITAGE ACT india is one of the countries possessing rich cultural and natural heritage > Heritage is the identity of every country, and they are putting considerable efforts to preserve and protect thelr centuries old rich heritage ‘various policies and laws ae framed fer preservation, protection and proper management of the cultural heritage at ‘the state and central level in India Article 49 ofthe Indian Constitution aims to protect monuments and places and objects of national importance > india had its first law way back two centuries ago inform of ‘Bengal Regulation XIX of 1820 and this was followed by legislation Madras Regulation Vil of 1817 >The Indian Treasure Trove Act, 1878 was promulgated to protect and preserve treasure found accidentally but had the archaeological and historical value. This Act was enacted to protect and preserve such treasures and their lawful cisposal >The Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1904 was promulgated & provided effective preservation and authority ‘over the monument particularly those, which were under the ‘custody of individual or private ownership > The Antiquities Export Control Act, 1947 and Rules thereto ‘hich provided regulation over the export of antiquities in 1951, The Ancient and Historical Monuments and ‘Archaeological Sites and Remains (Dedaration of National Importance) Act, 1954 was enacted > Consequently all the ancient and historical monuments and ‘archaeological sites and remains protected earlier under ‘The ‘Ancient Monuments Preservation Act, 1904 >The Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Stes and Remains Act 1958 was enacted on 28th August 1958. This Act provides for the preservation of ancient and historical ‘monuments and archaeological sites and remains of national importance for the regulation of archaeological excavations and for the protection of sculptures, carvings and other like objects ‘Various states are having and proposed laws for their respective states ‘ie. Tamil Nadu Ancient Monuments and Archaeological Sites and Remains Act, 1966, “The Hampi World Heritage Area Management Authority Act, 2002, -Orissa Ancient Monuments and Preservation Act, 1956, - Rajasthan Monuments, Archaeological Sites and Antiquities Act, 1961, ‘The Madhya Pradesh Ancient Monuments and Archagological Sites and Remains ‘Act, 1964, Victoria Memorial Act, 1903, Salar Jung Museum Act... > Central Government proposed National Commission for Heritage Sites Bll in 2008 to comply with the World Heritage Convention. >This commission will commend short term, long term policies to the state and central government, conduct researchMADRAS CLUB, EXPRESS ESTATE INTACH tried to save the building but failed in its efforts to persuade the owners, one of the heirs to the Indian Express Estate whose Ramnath Goenka had bought the property in 1946 (when the judge in effect wondered what, though it might well be a heritage property, was the law that prevented its owner from. pulling it down. Sadly, that remains pretty much the situation on the heritage front today) INTACH » Indian National Trust For Cuture And Heritage is @ non profit NGO established in the year 1984 to involve its members to protect and conserve India's culture and heritage 3s misson ves to conserve rene it bleves tt thing harmony with herlage enhances the quality of ie we MISSION OF INTACH ow » To sensitize the public and pluralistic legacy of India ve >To india sense of sci reaponsbltytmrds preserving ind’ common heritage > Torte AndPreseve Indl’ ertage By Necessary Actions And Measures Z >oouimen al Unpteced aulng OrAchictan arcecloga! hore & eshte Sptianceauiings — | > Develop hertage polces andreguatons and make legal Imererlons to protec indies herhage when necesary Provide Expertise In The Field Of Conservation, restoration And Preservation Through Various Training program me = Undertake emergency measures during man made and natural disaster and to sugport the local administration ‘whenever heritage is threatened > Generate sponsorships for conservation and educational projects > Foster collaborations with national and international agencies.FACTORY ACT >in india, the First factories Act wat passed in 1881. This Act ‘uas basically designed to protect children and to provide few ‘measures for health and safety of the workers. >This law was applicable to only those factories, which employed 100 oF more workers. In 1891 another Factories Ret ‘was passed which extended ta the factories employee SO oF more workers. >The main objective of Factories Act, 1948 is to ensure adequate safety measures and to promote the health and safety and welfare of the workers employed in factories. >The act also makes provisions regarding employment of ‘omen and young persons(including chiliren & adolescents), annual leave with wages ete. The Act extended to whole of India including Jammu & Kashmir and covers all manufacturing processes and establishments Fit Is also applicable to factories belonging to Central/State Government 2» Working Hours Of Adults: ‘Weekly Hours: < 48 hours ‘Weekly Holidays: atleast 1 holiday ina week ‘Compensatory Holidays Daily Hours :< 8 hours -Intervals forrest: atleast half an hour ight Shifts Prohibition of Overlapping Shifts, not more than 2 cont shift Extra wages for overtime > Restriction On Employment Of Women & Children: “Work between 6 am.to7 p.m. only “Strictly restriction for women for employment between 10 pim. tosam Employment of women in night shift is permitted only in the case of fish-curing and fish-canning ‘Provisions regarding welfare of workers Washing Facilities Facilities for Storing & Drying clothing facilities for Sitting = First Aid facilities “Canteens, Shelters, Rest Rooms & Lunch Rooms Creches Welfare Officers Provisions regarding hazardous processes -Consttution of Site Appraisal Committee Compulsory Disclosure of Information SSpedal Responsibilty of the occupier in relation to Hazardous processes “Maintaining accurate and up-to-date health and medical records of workers exposed to any chemical, toxic or any other harmful substances -Appointing qualified, experienced & compete persons for protecting the workers Providing for medical examination of every worker at intervals >it aims at providing health facilities -Cleanliness Disposal of Wastes & Efluents -Vertilations & Temperature “Dust & Fumes Artifical Huridification ‘Overcrowding Lighting -Drinking Water -Latrines & Urinals Spittoons Factories act includes: Health Safety Welfare Working Hours OF Adults Annual Leave With wagesDISPUTES THAT MIGHT ARISE DURING THE PROJECT RESOLVING OF DISPUTES payment and fees issues all dearance Dispute over the contract Flack of supervision paymentand fees issues Professional service Delay of project payment andifees issues Quality issues Construction defects Rectification of defects etc Lack of supervision PROJECT ARCHITECT >The quasi arbitrator >the architect must be fair and should obtain the complete views of both sides before making the decision 2 he parties’ acceptance of the architect's decisions usually the most economical way to end the controversy. 1 30,dayss the time period for solving the dispute 1 CONCILIATION / MEDIATION > Ifthe parties eannot mutually accept the architect's dedsion, then the claim is referred to mediation > Mediation is a procedure in which a mutually acceptable disinterested, impartial intermediary meets and talks with both sides, together and Separately, and assists them in their negotiations, >>The mediator does not impose any decisions on the parties but stead helps them to arrive at their own voluntary resolu | ARBITRATION >rifthe dispute cannot be settled by the architect's decision or by ‘mediation, then it will be subject to arbitration. >is a method of resolving disputes between two parties by a third party 130 days ic the time period for solving the dispute ‘Arbitrator decision is the finalARBITRATION >iethod of resolving the disputes outside ‘the court > arbitration isa system whereby a disinterested neutral person or panel of three hears the evidence and arguments of both sides ina dispute and then makes a decision Unlike litigation, arbitration is private and confidential and arbitral awards are not published. >it’san old established practice in every clulized society (village panchayat sjstem) VILLAGE PANCHAVATSYSTEM ARBITRATION ARBITRATION. LITIGATION - COVENTIONAL COURT SYSTEM Informal Formal Less Expensive (arbitrator fees & logistics, Expensive stenography) Quicker (lesser than the tial) Time consuming Relation between parties remains cordial Strained relations between the parties cil Gil and criminal Confidentiality private between the parties (Open to public in a court room Usually binding ne appeal possible ‘Appeal possible Parties select Specialized highly technical arbitrators ‘Court appoints judge parties doesn’t have much input so encingup with usual judge [ARBITRATION AGREEMENT 1An arbitration agreement isa written contractin which two oF more parties agree to settle a dispute outside of court. > Arbitration agreement is ordinarily a dause ina contract document >The dispute written on the agreement may be about the performance ofa specific contract, a claim of unfair or illegal treatment in the workplace, a faulty product, among other various issues. > The Arbitration and Conciliation Act 1996 is an Act that regulates domestic arbitration Inca ARBITRATION BINDING > Binding arbitration involves the submission of a dispute to a neutral party who hears the case and makes a decision, 2 Appeal is not possible in future If arbitration is binded > Arbitration takes the place ofa tral before a judge or jury (Arbitrator). > Additionally the grounds for appealing or setting aside the arbitration decision are very limited and many times may not be available at al > ifa person signs a contract that has a mandatory binding arbitration agreement, he orshe gives up the right to go to court.ARBITRATION TRIBUNAL [ARBITRATION PROCEEDINGS 7 An arbitral tnbunalis a panel of one oF more adjudicators to resolve a dispute by way of arbitration. >it consist of a sole arbitrator, or two or more arbitrators (Joint arbitrator) which might include either a chairman or an umpire. > Ideal composition of an arbitral tribunal should include at least one economist, particularly incases that involve questions of asset or damages valuation [ARBITRATOR FEES STRUCTURE >The fees of the Arbitrator and expenses of arbitration shall be borne equally by the parties unless the Sole Arbitrator otherwise directs in his award with reasons The lump sum fees of the Arbitrator shall be Rs. 40,000/- per case for transportation Contracts if the sole Arbitrator completes award within 5 months of accepting his appointment, he shall be paid Rs. 10,000/- additionally as bonus. > Reasonable actual expenses for stenographer, ete. will be reimbursed. >Fees shall be paid stage wise i.e. 25% on acceptance, 25% on completion of pleadings/documertation, 25% on completion of arguments and balance on receipt of award by the parties [ARBITRATION AWARD >it refers toa decision made by the arbitrator in an arbitration proceedings > its similar to 3 judgment in 3 court of law. 2 Award s of a non-monetary nature where all of the claimant's claims fail and thus no money needs to be paid by either party {)FILLING AND INITIATION FOR ARBITRATION An arbitration case begins when one party submits 3 Demand for Arbitration to the COA. >The other party the respondent) is notified by the COA and a deadline is set for response, 2)ARBITRATOR SELECTION ‘The COA works with the parties to Kentify and selectan arbitration based on the criteria determined by the parties. 3)PRELIMINARY HEARING. >The arbitrator conducts a preliminary hearing with the parties, to discuss the issues in the case and procedural matters, such as witnesses, depositions, sharing information, and other matters. 4)INFORMATION EXCHANGE AND PREPARATION >The parties then prepare for presentations and exchange information. SIHEARING 2At the hearing, both parties may present testimony and evidence ta the arbitrator. Unless the case i very complex, this is usually the only hearing before the arbitrator, 5)POST HEARING SUBMISSION after the hearing, both parties may present additional documentation, as allowed by the arbitrator. 7)THE ARBITRATION AWARD Finally, the arbitrator closes the record on the case and issues a decision, including an awardROLE OF PROJECT ARCHITECT & EXCEPTED MATTERS » Clause no 5 (ARCHITECTS INTERPRETATION) ~ Drawings furnished to the contractor by the project architect, the decision of project architect or his interpretation of his drawings will befinal (discrepances occurred may be related to scale of drawing, dimension or certain finishes) Clause no 9 (ARCHITECTS INSTRUCTION) = Architect is empowered to issue instructions to contractors from time to time, Ifthe instructionis given orally or on telephone, that has ‘tobe confirmed in written format. > Clause no 19 (ARCHITECTS FIELD ORGANIZATION & EQUIPMENT) = iFthere is a dispute about the manner of doing any work oF provision of any equipment or tools fora particular job, the decision of architect is final > Clause no 25 (ASSIGNMENT & SUBLETTING) — This clause states thatthe contractor will seek architects permission toither assign or sublet a part of the work, architects will not un reasonably with hold such @ petmission , but i he refuses to give such a permission, his decision his final, contractor willbe obliged to carry ut that partiaular work himsel,or find another agency acceptable to project architect ‘Clause no 26 (SUB CONTRACTORS) =Main contractor is responsible for coordination of work of all sub contractors who are involved in the project. withthe knowledge and consent of the project architect, ~ Under certain circumstances the project architect can advise owner to Issue direct payments to sub contract and deduct the same from main contractor bills. Providing faites ike water, electricity, scaffolding, sanitary falities, workers storage facilities atthe site my main contractor to all subcontractor, given by the project architect is the final iegarding the quality of material, workmanship of various parts of building relating to defective Work, level, color shades ete given by the architectis,2 Clause no 40 (EXTENSION OF TIME TO CONTRACTOR) There are 10 grounds on which the contractor, request extension of time Out of ten, five grounds are such that architects decision is the final, Remaining five grounds are follows: a) FORCE MAJEURE articular superior force prevents the contractor from fulfilling his duty for ex, extraordinary occurrence which could have been foreseen & Which couldn’t have been guarded agains ike natural disasters storm, earthquake, big tide etc ee — -If the disruption caused by weather ison an unprecedented scale 13), EXCEPTIONALLY INCLEMENT WEATHER then oniy itis termed as exceptional. same applies to heat waves or snowfall ete oe ll ») CIVIL COMMOTION, STRIKES ETC “Transport workers strike, rallway strike, construction workers strike, political, social violent disturbances can paralyze the entire construction industry -Inabove such cases request for extension of time is valid -butif there are strikes which do not affect construction activity, there cannot be ground for granting extension of time is )_ DELAY ON THE PART OF NOMINATED SUB CONTRACTOR OR NOMINATED SUPPLIER Claiming of extension of time may be due to the delay by either sub contractor or supplier, same may be decided by the project architect. “At times delay on part of sub contractor or supplier may net affect the progress of certain types of work, Insuch case project architect would be justified fhe refuses extension of time. nT ©) DELAY ON ACCOUNT OF ARTISTS AND TRADESMEN ENGAGED BY THE owner -Specialized works lke signage, murals, display signs, sculptural panels, decorative metal work ete the auner employs the renowned artists or specialized tradesmen and agencies, ‘Delay caused by such agencies may not affect the work of main contractor, even iit does, to what extent the contractor should get extension of time will finally depend upon the project architects judgmentom ai DOMINANT OWNER AA SERVIENT OWNER DOMINANT HERITAGE Land on which the beneficial enjoyment has bbeun created (Proper is enjoying the propery 8 t access his plot) ‘owner of Dominant heritage is called as DOMINANT OWNER ‘SERVIENT HERITAGE ‘The Land on which the easements created (PropertyA fs accessing propery 8 for 20 ‘years, so easement Rights has been created on Property) ‘owner of erent heritage Is called as ‘SERVIENT OWNER. RiGHT OF War. PATA USEDEY THE OWNER FOR WIRE THAN 20 YEARS EASEMENT PROPERTY A Z ROADEASEMENT RIGHTS ARE AQUIRED IN THE FOLLOWING WAYS > Easement play an importantrole in valuation of properties and planning & design of buildings affected by easements > Easement are certain rights connected with enjoyment of immovable property. 2S aright or obligation ise as a result of local or general customs Dit a right of the owner for the benefeial enjoyment of that land, >The land on which the beneficial enjoyment hasbeen created is called the dominant heritage and its owner is called the dominant > The Land on which the easement is created iscalled the servient heritage and the owner is called the servient owner >The word “land!” in such cases includes things which are permanently attached to the land such as buildings, trees, compound ‘walls and other features The word “benefidal enjoyment” inches advantages and amenities such as water supply, drainage lines, electric cables etc TYPES OF EASEMENT | 4. CONTINUOUS EASEMENT DISCONTINUOUS EASEMENT [APPARENT EASEMENT PERMANENT EASEMENT 41) EASEMENT BY PRESCRIPTION : > tsa typeot easement where Owner allows people to pass through his land without any objection or obstruction for a continuous period of 20 years or allows the neighbor to enjoy ight and air from his Property 2) EASEMENT BY EXPRESS GRANT (COVENANT) >» Itsa type of easement where Owner permits people to pass through bis land with full knowledge and consent ar creates some kindof right ‘through a written agreement 3) EASEMENT BY IMPLIED GRANT: > Isa type of easement where Owner does some kind of act which implies creation of certain right over his property > Forex, when an owner sells a rear portion of the property which does rot have an independent access its implied that he will permit the purchaser to pass through his land. 4) EASEMENT BY CUSTOM > Ifs.a typeof easement where people enjoy certain rights to make use of plece of land for a socal activity, year after year (20 years) as a custom DUSSERA FESTIVAL GROUNDCONTINUOUS EASEMENT DISCONTINUOUS EASEMENT 2A continuous easement is one whose enjoyment |s continual without the act of man ha right of way acquied by A aver B property isa discontinuous easement » Few examples of continuous easement IF A walks in 8 property is taken for enjoyment of easement right, but his walking may not be a Aight to discharge rain water continuous process, Ithappens few times a day Receiving light and alr from neighboring land. Laying of drain line Laying of services lite electric or telephone cable through servient heritage >If A builds a pucca road through B property without knowledge and consent, it becomes a continuous easement APPARENT EASEMENT PERMANENT EASEMENT >it is an easement which can be ‘enjoyed by the dominant owner permanently and without interruption, caused by the servient owner An apparent easement is something the existence of which can be clearly seen with ease An easement of light and air is an apparent easement because the existence of ancient light can be seen. Discharging of rainwater from A roof to B property & an apparent easement because one can visually see rainwater falling Into other B Property » Construction of tar road over B property is an apparent easement, however if tis just a pathway then itis anon apparent easement ‘>An open drain passing through Bland is an apparent easement, but under ground drain or service lines are examples of non apparent easements unless man hole or chamber fs seen in 8 land sc -Risht topertorm religous acts | (| Aight to catch fishin the neighbors © Pond H a i D -sight to fetch water from the natural | source orwell ete >For ex, easement oflight and airs ‘enjoyed as long as the wall in which ancient lights situated is intact Certain easement wil also fall under permanent easernent"> Right to pass through someone else's property is acquired either by ‘express grand or through prescription. ‘When 2 person uses a portion of land without the knowledge & consent of ts owner suchas pedestrian path way or for plying any vehicle for a period of 20 years without even once being prevented from doing so, then ‘the person acquires an easement of right of way by prescription, +Servient owner is obliged to keep that portion of land free for movement ‘of dominant owner's veicles. ‘> Servient Owner Cannot Dig Trenches Or Cause Any Kind Of obstruction to dominant owners rightol free movement ‘Easement can be extinguished if both the owners agree ta do soln writing ‘>i mutually agreed the size and position of affected strip of land can be altered, to allow servient ower to develop his remaining portion of land in a desired manner. ‘Fat times servient owner may be required to pay financial compensation ‘or make other kind to extinguish the easement ‘> Right to pass through someone else's property is acquired also through an Implied grant ‘>For ex, when a person sells a portion of his land which does not have a direct access ofits own, its implied that he would permit the purchaser to pass through his remaining portion of land ‘Such a rights given in the conveyance deed itself Even itis not expressly written in the conveyance deed itis implied, as no person can sella portion of land without gaining access to itEvery owner is entitled to receive light and alr for his building which could come to his land in a natural way ‘Each owner has to build his building in a manner which ill ensure light and air from his own property ‘Right to acquire light and air from the neighbors land is {2 prescriptive easement if owner A constructs building touching his boundary and receives light and alr from neighboring & property ‘or a period af 20 years, he acquires the easement of light and air >The opening in owner A building becomes “ancient lights” ‘ancient lights nothing but when an owner acquires ‘easement of light and air through the openings (windows, openings, with or without grils) in the walls deriving light and ai from theneighbors property ‘once ancient light easement is acquired, owner Bis obliged to develop his own property in such a way that ‘the light and air enjoyed by omer A is not affected.EASEMENTS IN A JOINT PROPERTY ‘if land belongs to two or more owners all have the same rights and privilege of ownership and enjoyment of the property, hence no single ‘owner cannot claim any exclusive easement PROJECTION OF EAVES : “rif the eaves of roof of one owner projects over the land of another for, a continuous period of 20 years it amounts toa prescriptive easement >The servient owner cannot compel the dominant owner to remove the projectedeaves PServient owner is required to allow him the right without any obstruction PARTY WALL: >Awall standing between two houses which is their common boundary is known as a “party wall"(generally common owned) Since the wall is jointly owned, one single owmer alone cannot enjoy ‘any exdusive easement ‘ifone owner raises the helght of party wall with the consent of the other, he does not derive any exclusive right over it ,other owners also has the same rights the one who raise it ‘Neither owner cannot provide any opening in the party wall without the permission ofthe other ‘Even when one owner wants to carry out repairs or reconstruction of any kind within his portion, itis responsibility to ensure that the party ‘all is not endangered in any manner, so he is required to provide dead shores and flying shores as shown in the figurePREVENTION OF EASEMENT OF LIGHT AND AIR: »Ouner Arealizes that neighbor B building a wall close to A boundary with openings init to derive light and air, rom his property he has to sign a ‘written agreement with owner B that he wont claim easement of light and airin future, by doing 0 owner B can enjoy light as long as owner A doesn’t built any building in his land ‘if owner B refuses to sign agreement, has no other remedy that to erect a sereen temporary or permanent in hi own land with his own money to prevent B from acquiring easement PREVENTION OF EASEMENT OF RIGHT OF WAY : Owner A identifies that owner B oF public is passing through his land , he must erect a fence ‘around his land to prevent people fram ‘acquiring a easement Warning signage need to be displayed along thefence inspite of doing all these things if stil people pass through owner A might file a police complaint and got them arrested. Police complaint records photographs will help in preventing the easement PRIVATE/||| eal AG PROTECTION OF EASEMENT OFSUPPORT : Owner A wanting to provide a basementin his own plot, he must construct a retaining wall in small length so that the entire stretch of B compound walls not affected, IF B_ building is too close to boundary he must provide shoring for B building and support trees in 8 compound so that there is no sinking of foundation or plinth or uprooting of trees >it is also adhisable to insure against accidental damage to the neighboring building PREVENTION OF EASEMENT OF SERVICES : Owner B finds that owner A is providing ‘drain or a water pipe or an electric cable through his land he can physically remove all such things from his land Fit owner & still persists in his action ‘owner A. can raise a complaint ,as a last resort he can make the matter to the court Pit however owner has acquiced easement he will have to divert B drain at his own cost without putting -B to any Inconvenience 2s shown in the figure > This can be done by first laying the drain inthe new position, connecting it with old drain in a convenient position and then disconnecting and removing the old drain Same procedure is applied to. other services ke electric, telephone cables and water pipe line‘Easement can be extinguished by the dominant awner by releasing it to the servient owner +> This can be done through an agreement in writing preferably on a stamp paper Pits necessary to register such an agreement , such release of any easement can be entirely voluntary or it can be due to some compensation being paid by the servient owner, this kind of release is called as express release SOME OF THE WAYS OF EXTINGUISHING EASEMENTS ARE AS FOLLOWS: The dominant owner makes permanent changes like shifting of wall altering the position of ancient lights; or closing the ancient light permanently Such acts amount to release of easement by the dominant owner Ifthe dominant owner gives up the right of way fora period of 20y s, amounts to extinction of easement ‘ifthe dominant owner changes the over hang of his roof and the rain water stops falling in the servient heritage, it leads to extinction of easement >If the dominant owner constructs a new drain in his own property or lays cables in his own Land and stops taking advantage of the old drain or cable, itamounts to extinction of easement As a result of availabilty of piped municipal supply or bore well sunk by the dominant over, he stops using well water fram the servient owners land , the easement is extinguished ifthe easement necessity is extinguished when the need for such easement comes toan end, forex, Aland is inaccessible atthe time of sale, but new road has been proposed! which gives direct access to A, The right of way through B property is extinguished. ‘>An easement i extinguished when either the dominant or servient heritage is completely destroyed due o any natural disaster, however easement fs revived ifthe property is restored within a periad of 20 years. > An easement is temporarily suspended when either the dominant owner or the servient owner occupy each other heritage for a limited period. ‘An easement is extinguished when the dominant owner acquires ownership of the servient heritage ‘all easements extinguished when the government acquires any land after paying compensation to the owner and all the interested persons who claims easement to itGeneral meaning of word copyright Is the exclusive right Granted by law for a certain number of years to make and. ‘dispose of a literary, musical or artistic work, architectural copyright means the right to use architectural drawings, sketches etc for building for publication for profit ‘all matters connected to copyright is governed by eopy right act 1957 >The meaning of copyright is the exclusive right to reproduce the work in any material form or to publish the work for profit or gain >it defines the first owner of copyright, it says that in case the author of the design is employed or is working as an apprentice his employer shall be the first owner of the ‘copyright Period of copyright is restricted to 50 years from the death ofits author 2 Assignment of copyright must be made in writing When the copyright is assigned in writing to a person , who is not itsauthor ,he is regarded as the owner of copyright >The owner of copyright can assign his copyright in writing in an existing work or future work or future work to any person either partial, conditionally er unconditionally The owner of copyright can make conditions that certain payments wll be made By him or copyright willbe assigned for a limited period >This section provides that no person unless he is authorized in writing by the owner of copyright can publish any architectural drawings, photographs or model of any building designed by the architect. however drawings and photographs printed and published as a partof architectural criticism are excluded >it deals with infringement of copyright, as far as buildings are concerned the client has 2 right to build only one building as per the design of the architect, any repetition of the design in some other place will amount of infringement of copyright Making infringing copies for sale or hire or selling oF letting them for hire, permitting any place for the performance of works in public where such performance constitutes infringement of copyright Section $5 deals with remedies for infringement of copyright, in case of infringement the amount of damage and the cost of legal proceedings is determined by the court by taking into consideration the amount of profit made by the culprit AROUITECTONICA,‘CONSUMER PROTECTION ACT 1986 Consumer protection act is a milestone in the history of socio economic legistation Inindia which seeks to protect interests of the consumer >The act enables the consumer to participate directly in the market economy >It empowers the customer to fight against powerful business > the main objective of the Consumer Protection Act 1986 s to provide better and all- round protection to consumers >To safeguard against different types of exploitation such as defective goods, deficient services and unfair trade practices. When the authority allots a site or constructs a house for the benefit of common rman , it is much as a service as by a private builder or 2 contractor, If the service is detective or itis not what was promised, then it would be “unfair trade practice” as defined in the act >it provides for establishment of consumer protection councils at the central, state and district levels to promote and protect the rights of consumers and a three tier {uasi judicial machinery to deal with consumer grievances and disputes. PRECAUTIONS TO CONTROL LIABILITY OF ARCHITECTS, 1-He should not sign any letter or document which he has not understood dearly. he should take his time, consult a senior architect or a lawyer to understand its Implications He should never promise anything which he cannot deliver in time or within is financial limit 2-He should inform his client about any change made in the design or work schedule, any statutory order affecting the progress of the work explaining its implications as {uickly as possible 2+He shoula report tot civil authorities any violation of rules and regulations affecting the project under his control, especially safety of building whether it is done by the ‘contractor or the client himself 2>He should make sure that the wording of any certificate or 3 letter he issues fey and Impartilly reflects the limits of his authority He must obtain a letter of appointment as recommended by the council of architecture so that the scope of his services and limits of his lability are clearly defined EXAMPLE -CONSUMER CASE -AGAINST ARCHITECT Owner has engaged architect to design and supervise flat Interior works Material and labor service was procured by the client, after ‘few months the contractor left the job incomplete ‘Later architect brought other contractors, but they also left ‘the job in complete, number of defects were un attended Owner filed a complaint against architect in the consumer forum for “deficient service” Owner was daiming that architect is responsible for the defective work and he should refund the fee 60,000 rupees and pay the owner a compensation of 3,00,000 rupees for deficient service Architect succeeded in convincing the consumer forum ‘that the dispute involved technical matters and hence should be referred toIA for arbitration IIA recommended past president as sole arbitrator, sole arbitrator conducted hearings. >>He gave his award stating that since owner had done the ‘work departmentally by engaging labor contractors and the architect had made reasonable deductions in labor contractors bil for the defective work, the architect cannot be blamed for deficient service.