CHAPTER I

PRELIMINARY

A. Background
Physical examination or clinical examination is a process of a medical expert
examining a patient's body to find clinical signs of disease. The results of the examination
will be recorded in the medical record. Medical records and physical examinations will
help in the diagnosis and planning of patient care.
Within the complex scope of health care now. nurses must be able to solve problems
accurately, thoroughly, and quickly. this means that nurses must be able to study a large
amount of information to make a critical assessment. Nursing assessment is a systematic
process of collecting, verifying, and communicating data about patients.
physical examination or clinical examination is a process of someone medical
experts examine the patient's body to find clinical signs of the disease. examination results
will be recorded in the medical record. medical records and examinations will assist in the
diagnosis and planning of patient care.

B. Formulation of the problem

1. How to conceptualize theorist on physical examination
2. What is the puorpose of physical examination
3. What are the benefits of physical examination
4. What are the indication from a physical examination
5. What is the physical examination procedure

C. Purpose
The purpose of writing is to know the concept of physical examination theory the
purpose, benefits, indications, and examination procedures.

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 CHAPTER II

DISCUSSION

A. Definition
Physical examination is a head to toe review of each body system that provides
objective information about the client and allows the nurse to make clinical judgments. )
the accuracy of the physical examination influences the choice of therapy the client
receives and determines the response to therapy.
Physical examination is the examination of the client's body as a whole or only
certain parts that are considered necessary, to obtain systematic and comprehensive data,
ensure-prove the outcome of the history, determine the problem and plan appropriate
nursing actions for the client.

B. The purpose of the examination (physical

1. In general, the physical examination carried out aims
2. To collect basic data about patient health.
3. To add, confirm, or refute data obtained in nursing history.
4. To confirm and identify nursing diagnoses.
5. To make clinical judgments about changes in client health status and management.
6. To evaluate the physiological results of care.

C. The benefits of physical examination

Physical examination has many benefits, both for the nurses themselves, as well as
for other health professions, including :
1. As data to assist nurses in establishing nursing diagnoses.
2. Knowing the client's health problems.
3. As a basis for choosing the right nursing intervention
4. As data to evaluate the results of nursing care

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D. Indikasi
1. Absolute is done on every client, especially on
2. New clients entering health care facilities to be cared for. Routinely on clients who
are being cared for.
3. Occasionally according to client needs

E. Physical examination procedure

a. Tool
1. Blood pressure meter
2. Thermometer
3. Pen
4. Book
5. Clock
6. Meter upper arm circumference
b. How to measure blood pressure :
1. Roll up the patient's sleeve
2. Attach the tension meter to the patient's arm
3. Pump tension meter until the patient's pulse is not palpable
4. Slowly lower the tensimeter pump
5. Write the results on paper
c. How to measure body temperature
1. Roll up the patient's sleeve
2. Lift the patient's arm
3. Llean the patient's armpits using a tissue
4. Place the thermometer in the patient's armpit
5. Then lower the arms
6. Wait 5 minutes
7. Then take it back, and trim the patient
8. Write the results on paper
d. How to calculate the circumference
1. Roll the sleeve over the patient's shirt

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 2. Measure using the meter from the shoulder to the elbow, take the middle and give
a mark
3. Wrap the meter on the mark that has been made
4. Write the results on paper
e. How to measure the patient's pulse
1. Touch of the pulse on the patient's hand
2. Count for 1 minute
3. Write the results on paper
f. Evaluation
Nurses are responsible for the nursing care they provide by evaluating the results
of nursing orders. physical assessment skills enhance evaluation of nursing actions
through monitoring physiological and behavioral care outcomes. the same physical
assessment skills used to assess conditions can be used as evaluation measures after
care is given.
The nurse makes accurate, detailed, and objective measurements through physical
assessment. these measurements determine the achievement or not expected outcome
of care. nurses do not depend entirely on the institution when physical assessment can
be used to evaluate the effectiveness of care.

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 CHAPTER III

CLOSING

A. Conclusion
Physical examination is an examination of the client's body as a whole or only the
part deemed necessary, to obtain systematic and comprehensive data, ascertain / prove
the outcome of the history, determine the problem and plan appropriate nursing actions
for the client.
B. Suggestion
So that the physical examination can be carried out properly, then the nurse must
understand the science of physical examination perfectly and this physical examination
must be carried out sequentially, systematically, and carried out with the correct
procedures.

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 REFERENCES

Bates, Barbara. 1998. Physical Examination And Medical History. Jakarta : Egc

Burnside, Jhon. W. 1995. Diagnostic Fisic. Jakarta : Egc