fd 2 rit by the 8 SSFO: The SSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2 September 1, 2000, Joint Surface Preparation Standard SSPC-SP NO. 10/NACE NO. 2 Near-White Blast Cleaning This SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings and NAGE Intemational standard represents a consensus of those Individual members who have reviewed this dacu ‘ment, its scope and provisions. Its acceptance does not in any respect preclude anyone, having adopted the standard for no. from manufacturing, marketing, purchasing, or using products, processes, or procedures notin conformance with this standard. Nothing contained in this standard is to be construed as granting any right, by implication or otherwise te manufacture, sell ar use in connection with any method, apparatus, oF product covered by Letters Patent, or as indemnitying or protecting anyone against lability for in ‘tingement of Letters Patent. ‘This standard represents minimum requirements and should in no way be interpreted asa restriction on the use of better procedures or materials, Neither is this standard intended to apply in all cases, felating tothe subject. Unpredictable circumstances may negate the usefulness ofthis standard in specific instances, SSPC and NACE assume no responsibilty for the interpre- tation or use of this standard by other parties and accept responsibilty for only those offical interpretations issued by SSPC or NAGE In accordance with their respective govern- ing procedures and policies, which preclude the issuance of interpretations by individual volunteers. Users of this standard are responsible for reviewing appropriate health, safety, and regulatory documents ang {or determining their applicability in relation to this standara priortoitsuse, This SSPCINACE standard may not neces- sarily address all potential health and safety problems or ‘environmental hazards associated with the use of materials, ‘equipment andor operations detailed or reerred to within ‘his standard, Users his standard ate also responsitle for ‘establishing appropriate health, satety, and environmental protection practices, in consultation with appropriate regu- latory authorities, it necessary, 1o achieve compliance with ‘any existing applicable regulatory requirements priaro the use of this standars, CAUTIONARY NOTICE: SSPCINACE standards are subject to periodic review and may be revised or withdrawn al any time without prior notice. SSPO and NACE require that action be taken to reatfirm, revise, or withdraw this standard no later than five years from the date of inital publication. The user is cautioned to obtain the latest edition. Purchasers may receive current information on all standards and other publications by contacting the organi zations at the addresses below: city or Protective Comings (0857.17 2005, 72 (NACE International P.O. Box 218340 Houston, TX 77218-8340 (tolephone +1 281/228-6200) © SSPC: The Society for Protective Coatings 40 24th Street, Sith Floor Pittsburgh, PA 15222 (telephone +1 412/281-2331) Foreword ‘This jolt standard covers the use of blast cleaning abrasives to achieve a defined degree of cleaning of steel surfaces prior to the application of a protective coating or lining system. This standaedis intended for use by coating ot lining epeciters, applicators, inspectors, or ethers whose responsibilty it may be to detine a slandard degree of surface cleanliness. The focus of this standaed is nearwhite metal blast leaning, White metal blast cleaning, commercial blast Cleaning, industrial blast cleaning and brush-off blast clean: Ing are addressed in separate standards, Near-white blast cleaning provides a greater degree of Cleaning than commercialblast cleaning (SSPC-SP GINACE No. 9), Butless than white metal bast cleaning (SSPC-SP 6) NACE No. 1, Near-white blast cleaning is used when the objective is toremove allrust, coating, and ill ale, butwhen the extra effort required to remove all stains of these materials is dotermined to be unwarranted. Staining shail be limited to no more than 5 percent of each unit area of surface. Near-white blast cleaning allows staining on only 5 percent of each unit area of surface, while commercial blast Cleaning allows staining on 33 percent of each unit area of surface, White metal blast cleaning does not permit any Staining to remain on the surface This joint standard was prepared by the SSPCINACE ‘Task Group A on Surface Preparation by Abrasive Blast Cleaning. This oint Task Group includes members of both the SSPC Surface Preparation Committee and the NACE Unit Committee T-8G on Surface PreparationSSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2 September 1, 2000, 1, General 2.6 Unit area for determinations shall be approximately 5776 mm’ (9) (Le. a square 76 mmx 76mm [Sinx:3 in) 1.4. This joint standard covers the requirements for hear-suhite blast cleaning of unpainted or painted steel 2.7 SSPC-VIS 1-89, photographs A SP-10, B SP-10, C surlaces by the use of abrasives, These requtements SP-10 or D SP-10 may be speciied to supplement the include the end conslton of the surface and materials and wrilendefiniion. Inany dispute, the witlenstandards shall procedures necessary to achieve and erly the end cond take precedence over visual standards and comparators. tion ‘Additonal information on visual standards and comparators is available In Section A.4 of Appenclx A 1.2. This joint standard allows random staining to remain on no more than 5 percent of each unit area of 3. References surface as detined in Section 2.6, 3.1. The documents referenced in this standard are 1.3. The mandatory requirements are described in listed in Section 3.4 ‘Sections 1 10 9 as follows: ‘Section 1 General 3.2 The latest issue, revision, or amendment of the Soction2 Definition rolerenced standards in etfoct on the date of invitation to bid Section3 References shall govern unless otherwise specilied Section 4 Procedures Before Blast Cleaning ‘Section 5 Blast Cleaning Methods and Operation 3.3 theres acontlct between the requirements of any Section6 Blast Cleaning Abrasives of the cited relerence standards and this standard, the Section7 Procedures Following Blast Cleaning and requirements ofthis standard shall preva, Immediately Prior to Coating Section Inspection 3.4 SSPC: THE SOCIETY FOR PROTECTIVE COAT- Section 9 Safety and Environmental Requirements INGS STANDARDS: NOTE: Section 10, Comments" and Appendix A “Explana: ‘AB 1 Minoral and Siag Abrasives tory Notes” are not mandatory requirements of this stan ABZ Cleanliness of Recycled Ferrous Metalic dad Abrasives ABS Newly Manufactured or Re-Manutactured 2. Definition Steet Abrasive PA Gude 3 A Guido to Safety in Paint Application 2.1 A near-white metal blast cleaned surtace, when SP1 Solvent Cleaning viewed without magnification, shal be tree ofall visible cil, VIS1 Visual Standardtor Abrasive BiastCleaned ‘grease, dust, dit, mill scale, rust, coating, oxides, corrosion Steel products, and other foreign matter, except for staining as, ‘nated in Section 2.2 4, Procedures Before Blast Cleaning 2.2 Random staining shall be limited to no more than 5 4.1 Betore blast clearing, visible depositsot ol, grease, percent of each unit area of surface as defined in Section or other contaminants shall be removedin accordance with 2.8, and may consist of light shadows, slight streaks, or | SSPC-SP 1 or other agreed upon methods. ‘minor discolorations caused by stains of rust, stains of mill scale, oF stain of previously applied coating 4.2 Bofore blast cleaning, surface imperfections such ‘as sharp fins, sharp edges, weld spatter. or burning si 23 Acceptable variations in appearance that do not should be removed from the surface to the extent required fect surace cleanliness as delined in Section 2.1 include by the procurement documents {project specication). Ad- Variations caused by type of steel, original surtace condi- ditional information on surlace imperfections is available in tion, thickness of the steel, weld metal, mil or fabrication Section A. of Appendix A ‘marks, heat treating, heat allected zones, blasting abra ‘ives, and differences inthe blast pattern. 4.3 Ifa visual standard or comparator is specified to ‘supplemont tho writen standard, tho condition ofthe stool 2.4 Whena coatingis specied, the surface shalberough- prior to blast cleaning should be determined belore the ‘ned toa degree suitable forthe spociod coating system. blasting commences. Additional information on visual stan- dards and comparators is available in Section A.4 of Appen- 2.5 Immediately prior to coating application, the entire dix A. surface shall comply with the degree of cleaning speciied herein. 73 righ by te 4 SSPE: Te Sac for tect Comings Mon Ja 21"0857:35 2003SSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2 September 1, 2000, 5. Blast Cleaning Methods and Operation 5.1 Clean, dry compressed air shall be used for nozzle blasting. Moisture separators, ollseparators, traps, or other ‘equipment may be necessary to achieve this requirement, 5.2 Anyof the following methods of surface preparation ‘may be used achieve a near-white blast cleaned curtace: 5.2.1 Dry abrasive basting using compressed ar, nozzles, and abrasive. 5.2.2 Dry abrasive blasting using a closed-cycl culating abrasive system with compressed ar, blast no2zle, {and abrasive, with or without vacuum for dust and abrasive recovery 523. Dry abrasive blasting using a closed cycle, teeirculating abrasive system with centrifugal wheels and abrasive. 5.3 Other methods of surface preparation (such as wet abrasive blasting) may be used 10 achieve a near-wWhil blast cloaned surtace by mutual agreoment betwoon those pares responsible for establishing the requirements and ‘hose responsibe for performing the work. NOTE: Informa tion on the use of inhibitors to prevent the formation of rust ‘immediately ater wet blast cleaning is contained in Section A of Appendix A. 6. Blast Cleaning Abrasives 6.1 The selection of abrasive size and type shall be ‘basedon the type, grade, and surtace condition ofthe steel to be cleaned, type of blast cleaning system employed, the finished surface to be produced (cleanliness and rough: ress), and whether the abrasive will be recycled. 6.2 Thecleanliness and size ofrecycled abrasives shall 'be maintained to ensure compliance with this spect 6.3. The blast cleaning abrasive shall be dry and te mined by the ‘of il, grease, and other contaminants as det {ost methods found in SSPC-AB 1, AB 2 and AB 3. 6.4 Any limitations on the use of spectic abrasives, the quantity otcontaminants, or the degree of allowable embed: ‘ment shall beincludedin the procurement documents (project ‘specification) covering the work, because abrasive embed: ‘mont and abrasives containing contaminants may not bo acceptable for some service requirements. NOTE: Add- tional information on abrasive solection is given in Section ‘A2 of Appendix A. righ by te 4 SSPE: Te Sac for tect Comings Mon Ja 21"08-57:40 203 74 7. Procedures Following Blast Cleaning and Immediately Prior to Coating 7.1. Visible deposits of oil, tease, or other contami- nants shall be removed according to SSPC-SP 1 or another ‘method agreed upon by those parties responsible for estab lishing the requirements and those responsibie for pertorm- ing the work 7.2 Dust and loose residues shall be removed from prepared surfaces by brushing, blowing off with clean, dry air, vacuum cleaning, or other methods agreed upon by those responsible for establishing the requirements and those responsible for performing the work NOTE: The presence of toxic metals in the abrasives or paint being removed may place restrictions on the methods of cleaning permitted. Comply with all applicable regulations. Moisture ‘separators, oil separators, raps, or other equipment may be necessary to achieve clean, dry air 7.8 Alter blast cleaning, surface imperfections that remain e.g., sharp fins, sharp edges, weld spatter, burning slag, scabs, slivers, etc) shall be removed to the extent required in the procurement documents (project specitica- tion). Any damage to the surface profile resulting trom the removal of surface imperfections shall be corrected to meet the requirements of Section 2.4. NOTE: Additional infor- ‘mation on surface imperfections is contained in Section AS (of Appendlc A 7.4 Any visible ustthat forms onthe surface of the steel ater blast cleaning shall be removed by recieaning the rusted areas to meet the requirements of this standard before coating. NOTE: Information on rustback (re-rust- ing) and surface condensation is containedin Sections A.6, AT and A.8 of Appendix A. 8. Inspection 8.1 Work and materials supplied under this standard ‘are subject to inspection by a representative of those re- sponsible for establishing the requirements, Materials and work areas shall be accessible to the inspector. The proce- dures and times of inspection shall be as agreed upon by those responsible for establishing the requirements and those responsible for performing the work 8.2 Conditions not complying wit this standard shallbe corrected. In the case of a dispute, an arbitration or setle~ ‘ment procedure established in the procurement documents {project specification) shall be follawed. 1! no arbitration or settlement procedure is established, then a procedure mu tually agreeable to purchaser and supplier shall be used.8.3 The procurement documents (project specication) ‘should establish the responsibly for inspection and for any required affidavit ceritying compliance withthe specitica- tion 9. Safety and Environmental Requirements 9.1 Because abrasive blast cleaning is a hazardous ‘operation, all work shall be conducted in compliance with applicable occupational and enviranmentalhealth andsafety ‘ules and regulations. NOTE: SSPC-PA Guide 3, "A Guide to Safety in Paint Application,” addresses safety concerns {or coating work. 10. Comments 10.1 Additional information and data relative to this standard are contained in Appendix A. Detaled information ‘and data are presented in a separate document, SSPC:SP ‘COM, “Surface Preparation Commentary." The recommen- dations contained in Appendix A and SSPC:SP COM are believed to represent good practice, but are not 10 be considered requirements of the standard. The sections of SSPC-SP COM that discuss subjects related to near-white blast cleaning are listed below. ‘Subject Commentary Section Abrasive Selection 6 Fim Thickness. 10 Wet Abrasive Blast Cleaning... 8.2 Maintenance Repainting 42 Rust-back (Re-rusting) as Surface Profile 62 Visual Standaras 1" Weld Spatter 444 Appendix A. Explanatory Notes ‘A.A. FUNCTION: Noar-white blast cleaning (SSPC-SP XOINACE No. 2) provides a greater degree of cleaning than commercial blast cleaning (SSPC-SP 6/NACE No. 3} but Jess than white metal blast cleaning (SSPC-SP 5/NACE No. 1). Ishould be used when a high degree of blast cleaning |g required. The primary functions of blast cleaning before coating are: (a) to remove material from the surface thatcan cause earl fallure of the coating system and (b) to obtain a ‘suitable surlace roughness and to enhance the adhesion of the new coating system. The hierarchy of blasting standarcs {sas falows: white metal blast cleaning, near-white blast leaning, commercial blast cleaning, industrial blast clean- ing, and brush-of bias eleaning, A2 ABRASIVE SELECTION: Types of metallic and fnon-metalic abrasives are discussed in the Surtace Prepa- tation Commentary (SSPC-SP COM), It is important to righ by te 4 SSPE: Te Sac for aotectie Comings Mon Ja 2108-57346 2003 75 SSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2 September 1, 2000, recognize that blasting abrasives may become embeddedin of leave residues on the surlace of the steel during prepa- ration. While normally such embedment or residues are not dotrimental, care should be taken to ensure that the abra- ‘sve Is free from detrimental amounts of water-soluble, Solvent-soluble, acid-soluble, or other soluble contaminants {particulary ifthe prepared steel isto be used in an imi sion environment). Criteria for selecting and evaluating abrasives are given in SSPC-AB 1, “Mineral and Slag Abrasives,” SSPC-AB 2, “Cleanliness of Recycled Fertous Metalic Abrasives,” and SSPC-AB.3, ‘Newly Manulactured fr Re- Manufactured Stee! Abrasives.” 3 SURFACE PROFILE: Surface profiles the rough ness ofthe surface which results from abrasive blast clean- Ing. The profile depth orheight)isdependentupon thesize, ‘shape, ype, and hardness ofthe abrasive, particle velocity and angle of impact, hardness of the surface, amount of recycling, and the proper maintenance of working mixtures of rit andor shot. The allowable minimumimaximum height of profile is ‘usually dependent upon the thickness of the coating to be applied. Large particle sized abrasives (particularly metal- lic) can produce @ profile that may be too deep to be ‘adequately covered by a single thin film coat. Accordingly, itis recommended that the use of larger abrasives be ‘avoided in these cases, However, larger abrasives may be ‘needed for thick fim coatings oro facilitate removal of thick coatings, heavy mill scale, or rust. If control of profile (minimum/maximum) is deemed to be significant to coating performance, it should be addressed in the procurement documents (project specification). Typical profile heights achieved with commercial abrasive media are shown in Table Sof the Surface Preparation Commentary (SSPC-SP COM). Surface profile should be measured in accordance with NACE Standard IPO287 (latest ection), “Field Mea- ‘surement of Surface Profle of Abrasive Blast Cleaned Stee! Surfaces Using Replica Tape,” or ASTM" D 4817 (latest tition), "Test Method for Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel A VISUAL STANDARDS: SSPC-VIS 1-89 (Visual Standard for Abrasive Blast Cleaned Steel) provides color photographs for the various grades of surface preparation ‘8a function of the initial condition ofthe steel. The series ASP 10, BSP 10, C-SP 10 and 0-SP 10 photographs depict surfaces cleaned to a near-white blast grade. Other available visual standards aro described in Section 11 ot SSPC-SP COM, AAS SURFACE IMPERFECTIONS: Surface impertec- tions can cause premature fallure when the service is severe. Coatings tend to pull away trom sharp edges andSSPC-SP 10/NACE No. 2 September 1, 2000, projections, leaving litle or no coating to protect the under- lying steel. Other features that are dificult to properly cover and protect include crevices, weld porosities, laminations, tele. The high cost of the methods to remedy surface mpertections requires weighing the benetits of edge round- ing, weld spatter removal, etc, versus a potential coating failure. Poorly adhering contaminants, such as weld slag resi- dues, loose weld spatter, and some minor surface lamina- tions may be removed during the blast cleaning operation, Other surface defects (stee! laminations, weld porosities. or {deep corrosion pits) may not be evident until the surface preparation has been completed. Therefore, proper plan- hing for such surface repair work is essential because the timing of the repairs may occur betore, during, or after the blast cleaning operation. Section 4.4 of SSPC-SP COM and NACE Standard RPO178 (latest edition), “Fabrication De- tails, Surface Finish Requirements. and Proper Design Considerations for Tanks and Vessels to be Lined for Im: ‘mersion Service” contain additional information on surface Imperfections. AG CHEMICAL CONTAMINATION: Steel contam’ ‘nated with soluble salts (e.g, chlorides and sulfates) devel (ops rust-back rapidly at intermediate and high humidities, ‘These soluble salts canbe presenton the steel surface prior to blast cleaning as a result of atmospheric contamination In addition, contaminants can be deposited on the steel surface during blast cleaning if the abrasive is contam hated. Therefore, rust-back can be minimized by removing these salts from the steel surace,, and eliminating sources ff recontamination during and after blast cleaning. Wet ‘methods of removal are described In SSPC-SP 12/NACE No, 5, Identification of the contaminants along with their concentrations may be obtained trom laboratory and fleld tests as described in S$PC-TU 4, “Technology Update on Field Methods for Retrieval and Analysis of Soluble Salts on Substrates.” A.7 RUST-BACK: Rust-back te-rusting) occurs when ‘teshly cleaned steelis exposed to moisture, contamination, (or acorrosive atmosphere. The time interval between blast cleaning and rust-back will vary greatly from one environ ‘mentto another. Under mild ambient conditions, if chemical contamination is not present (see Section A.) itis best to blast clean and coat a surface the same day, Severe Cconcitions may requite more expedient coating application to avoid contamination from falout. Chemical contamina: righ by te 4 SSPE: Te Sac for tect Comings Mon Ja 21085751 2003 76 tion should be removed prior to coating (see Section A.6). A.B DEW POINT: Moisture condenses on any surface that is colder than the dew point ofthe surrounding ai. tis. therefore, recommended that the temperature of the steel surface be atleast’3“C 5 °F) above the dew point during dry blast cleaning operations. itis advisable to visually inspect for moisture and periodically check the surface temperature {and dew point uring blast cleaning operations and to avoid the application of coating over a damp surface. A@ WET ABRASIVE BLAST CLEANING: Sico! that Is wet abrasive blast cleaned may rust rapidly. Clean water should be used for rinsing. It may be necessary that Inhibitors be added to the water or applied to the surface Immediately after blast cleaning to temporarily prevent rust formation, The use of inhibitors or the application of coating ‘ver slight discoloration should be in accordance with the requirements ofthe coating manufacturer. CAUTION: Some Inhibitive treatments may interfere with the performance of certain coating systems. A.10 FILM THICKNESS: tis essential that ample coating be applied after blast cleaning to adequately cover the peaks othe surface profile. The dry film thickness of the coating above the peaks of the profile should equal the thickness known to be needed for he desired protection, It the dry flim thickness over the peaks is inadequate, prema- ture ust-through or failure will occur, To assure that coating thicknesses are properiy measured the proceduresin SSPC- PA 2 (latest edition), “Measurement of Dry Coating Thick ness with Magnetic Gauges” should be used. A.11 MAINTENANCE ANDREPAIR PAINTING: When this standard is used in maintenance painting, specific instructions should be given on the extent of surlace to be bast cleaned or spot blast cleaned to this degree of clean- liness. In these cases, the cleaning shall be perlormed ‘crass the entre area specified. For example, it all weld seams are to be cleaned in a maintenance operation, this degree of cleaning shall be applied 100% to all weld seams, I the entire structure is to be prepared, this degree of leaning shall be applied to 100% ofthe entire structure, SSPC-PA Guide 4 (latest edition), “Guide to Maintenance Repainting with Oil Base or Alkyd Painting Systems,” pro- vides a description of accepted practices for retaining old sound coating, removing unsound coating, feathering, and spot cleaning,