Appendix D Anchoring to Concrete Anchor Anchor Group Spacing < 3hef (subjected to tension) Y Spacing < 3Ca1 (subjected to shear) Anchor Pullout Strength Anchor Reinforcement Attachment Brittle Steel Element Y Under tensile test © Elongation < 14% + Reduction Area < 30% > Cast-in Anchor Y Before placing concrete © Headed bolt * Headed stud + Hooked bolt Concrete Breakout Strength Concrete Pryout Strength Distance Sleeve Ductile Stee! Element Y Under tensile test * Elongation 214% + Reduction Area >30% > Edge Distance > Effective Embedment Depth vy vvvy vyVY (0) Cashin place anchors > Transmit the oad by mean of Y Tension Y. Shear Y Combination of tension and shear > Applies to ¥ Cast-in anchors Y Post-installed anchors v strength in uncracked concrete >1.4N, Y Hooked bolts having a geometry that has been demonstrated to result in a pullout strength without the benefit of friction in uncracked concrete > 1.4Np vvyv Bop §E Expansion Anchor ¥ Post installation anchor Expansion Sleeve Five Percent Fractile Y 90% confident, 95% probability of exceeding Headed Stud Y Conform toAWS 01.1 ¥ Arc welding process before casting Hooked Bolt Y L-Bolt (90° bend) ¥ JBolt(180° bend) Y ernie = Bao Post-installed Anchor ¥ Expansion anchor Y Undercut anchor Projected Area Side-face Blowout Strength Specialty Insert (Not within the Scope of Appendix) ¥ Predesigned and prefabricated cast-in anchors Y Used for handling, transportation, and erection Supplementary Reinforcement Y For concrete breakout Undercut Anchor Y Post-installed anchor Headed studs and headed bolts having a geometry that has been demonstrated to result in a pullout YPost-installed anchors that meet the assessment requirement of ACI 355.2vy Beg Critical effects of factored loads as determined by elastic analysis, Plastic analysis approaches are permitted For seismic design category C.D,E or F ¥. Donot apply in plastic hinge zones Y Post-installed structural anchor — to pass the Simulated Seismic Tests (ACI 355.2) ‘© Pullout Strength N, and Stee! Shear Strength Vis~ Based on test results ¥" Strength associated with concrete faifure modes + 0.75N, (assume cracked concrete) + 0.754¥, (assume cracked concrete) Design to be governed by the steel strength of a ductile steel element unless either of A or 8 criteria shown below is satisfied Attachment will undergo ductile yielding at a force level corresponding to anchor forces no greater than the design strength of anchor Alternative approach The design strength of anchor = 40% (0.754Na) and 40% (0.75 Wr) The design strength of the anchors of stud bearing walls = 50% (0.754N,) and 50% (0.75 Vx) A (modification factor for lightweight conerete) ¥ 0.85 for sand-lightweight concrete Y 0.75 for all-lightweight concrete Y 1.0 for normal weight concrete Limitation to concrete strength Y Fe $10,000 psi for cast-in anchors Y Fe<8,000 psi for post-installed anchors (f'c > 8,000psi, testing is required) s SAN > > Following design strength shall be based on cafculation or test evaluation using 5% fractile Under Tension © Steet strength (0 5.1) ‘© Concrete breakout strength (0 5.2) ‘+ Pullout strength (D 5.3) © Concrete side-face blowout strength (D 5.4) Under Shear © Steel Strength (0 6.1) * Concrete breakout strength (0 6.2) © Concrete pryout strength (D 6.3) To satisfy the geometry requirements Y Edge distances ~ Spacings Y Thickness to preclude splitting failure For the design of anchor v (D-1) v (02) v Where ¥ For Non-Seismic combinations the lowest design strength in tension (#Niy #ANowy either (Nas OF PNeia either PNes OF ANetg) the lowest design strength in shear (Vig either (Vey OF PVery either Peg OF Mer) Y For Seismic combinations © @Nn= the lowest design strength in tension (#Nax 0.75¢Npy either 0.75 Nis OF 0.750Nioo either 0.75 Nes OF O.759Ncta) + Wy =the lowest design strength in shear (JVs, either 0.75 $V ss OF 0.759V cig, either 0.75QViy or 0.75 be) © When both N.. and V.. are present, interaction effects shail be considered.> Tosatisfy the dimensions of anchor Y Diameter <2” Y Tensile embedment <25” > Strength reduction factors (@) for lOtd COMBINGRORS OF 92 Y For ductile steel element ‘© 0.75 for tensile load ‘© 0.65 for shear load Y Forbrittle steel element © 0.65 for tensile load * 06 for shear toad Y Forconerete Beg (@ for concrete failure modes under load combinations of 9.2 “Concrete breakout for) Concrete side Jace blowout strength udoac) with Without Pryout Strengths Supplementary | Supplementary oman enforcement | Reinforcement Gondtion (4) oncom (8) Sheorload O75, 070, om, Tensile Lond es ended si, ed or ae a ore Peat inated anchors WR CteDOTy 8 determined fom NO 355.2 ‘category 1 (tow sensitity to istolation an high 075 065 06s relat ‘category? {eum sensivity te instalation ond oss oss oss ‘ectuen reli ‘category {High sensi to istoloton and ass 04s 4s ewer reiabity > Strength reduction factors (@) for alteniate lead eambiaations i Appenaie Y For ductile steel element * 0.80 for tensile load © 0.75 for shear load Y For brittle steel element ‘© 0.70 for tensile load © 0.65 for shear load Y For concrete (@) for concrete failure modes under alternate load combinations in Appendix C Concrete breakout for) onrete sie ace bowout strength an toe vepison Suppememay | Seplemertay pmeserie fainforement | Reinforcement condition (A) Condtion (8) Gheseload as a7 oe Tense oad stn headed ded sor oe on on Post ted acs wih category oF determined for AO 3552 “category 1 (on senstity to instalation and high oss 075 07s relly ‘otegory2 {tedium sensi titlovi ond ars 06s 06s ‘nesium reibity ‘category? {High senstiaty installation ond 6s ass ass lower reabityBop (i Stee! failure > The nominal tensile strength (N..) of a single anchor or group of anchors in tension (03) =the numbers of anchors in the group Aun =the effective cross-sectional area ofa single anchor in tension, in? fo Smaller of 1.9fj» 0F 125,000psi 4 I" {" " 15h, 15h, F 3 F | S > 295 20° Oo h °o -UNa 0 oO OUT] te oc? =35" ‘h 4 H (ii) Concrete breakout Elevation > The nominal concrete breakout strength (Nes or Ney) of @ single anchor or group of anchors in tension Y A.Fora single anchors SAN #ke=24 for cast-in anchors ‘*_k-=117 for post:installed anchors (k, for post-installed anchors ahall be permitted to be increased above 17 based on ACI 355.2 product-specific tests, but shall in no case exceed 24, © Alternatively, for cast-in headed studs and headed bolts with 11” The nominal pullout strength (N,.) of a single anchor tension (0-14) .4 (No concrete cracking at service load levels) 1.0 (Concrete cracking at service load levels) N, = pullout strength in tension of a single anchor ‘+ For postinstalled expansion and undercut anchors [tis not permissible to calculate the pullout strength, it shall be based on the 5% fractile of results of tests performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. ‘+ Forheaded studs or headed bolts (0-15) (0-16) (iv) Side-face blowout > The nominal side-face blowout strength (N.») of a single headed anchor with deep embedment closed to. an edge (he > 2.5¢.) v (0-17) Y Mf Caz< 3a Nqp Shall be multiplied by (1+C42/ox), where 1.0 The nominal side-face blowout strength (N..) of a single headed anchor with deep embedment closed to an edge (hy > 2.5¢,,) and anchor spacing < 6c: v (0-18) Where + s= the distance between the outer anchors along the edgeRep D.6-DESIGN REQUIREMENT FOR SHEAR LOADING > 06.4 ~Steel Strength of Anchor in Shear _— Tt: a OT in () Stee! failure preceded ‘by concrete spall > The nominal strength (Vig) of a single anchor or group of anchors in shear > A Forcast-in headed stud anchor (0-19) Where ‘* =the number of anchors in the group * Auge the effective cross-sectional area ofa single anchor in shear, in® © Feeg Ssmaller of (fy 125000psi) > 8. For cast-in headed bolt and hooked bolt anchors and for post-installed anchors where sleeves do not extend through the shear plane ’ Gee (0-20) Where ‘* n= the number of anchors in the group © Aves the effective cross-sectional area ofa single anchor in shear, in © Fano G For post-installed anchors where sleeves extend through the shear plane Y Voq = shall be based on the results of test performed and evaluated according to ACI 355.2. v Alternatively Eq. (D—~20)shall be permitted to be used. Where anchors are used with built-up grout pads, the nominal strengths of Vx SET e ee: oat =35 15¢u “Anchor 4. oa 15¢ey Edge of concrete (ii) Concrete breakout PlanBop > The nominal concrete breakout strength, Vety Veg in shear of a single anchor or group of anchors > A. For shear force perpendicular to the edge on a single anchor (0-21) (0-22) D. For anchors locat < fee 35) | fs Plon Plon Shear face near @ corner (0-23) hes The ciel ee Cltcce for Pended stu, 156, isote bla pense’ ‘ Secon, ond aera Sides o 1a 5 a woctr he Toms te 4 fe mies fan keye of coneste — 19) p15 “4 | iA he 16 4 — 1S) x (1-56) sie cin CALCULATION OF AeRoghé VY Ay = the projected area of the failure surface on the side of the concrete member at its edge for a single anchor or a group of anchors. It shall be permitted to evaluate A,..as the base of a truncated half pyramid projected on the side face of the member where the top of the half pyramid is given by the axis of the anchor row selected as critical. Where anchors are located at varying distance from the edge and the anchors are weld to the attachment so as to distribute the force to ali anchors, it shall be permitted to evaluate the strength based on the distance to the farthest row of anchors from the edge. In this case, it shall be permitted to base the value Ca on the distance from the edge to the axis of the farthest anchor row that is selected as critical, and all of the shear shall be assumed to be carried by this critical anchor row alone. i ees Ct We < 15 end 5, < 5 he = 21SCahe thet he (26.Sha}tae 8g < 136 Be = 1 SCi(1-SCyrCan) Hi he < 1.56 Ie < 1.50 ‘he = 2(.5G he Dee = 201. 5Ca)he Cosel: One essumptin of Cos: Another assumption of dstibaton of ‘the dition of forces forces infiztes thatthe ttol shear woud indicates thot att the be ortieal on the rear anchor and is sheor vould be erticel on projected area. Only this ateurption needs ‘he front anchor ond the fo be consicered when enchors are gi projected oreo connected to the attochment Note: Both coses Coase 1 or Case 2 shoud be evaluated to detomine which conto’ for design except 08 noted CALCULATION OF Ae Y Check Aye nA Y Modification factor for anchor loaded eccentricity in shear eae (0-26) Edge of concrete Definition of e'v for ‘a group of anchorsBop8S Y Modification factor for edge effect for a single anchor or group of anchors loaded in shear © MC L5G (0-27) © 2 15a (0-28) Y Modification factor for no concrete cracking at service loads = 1 Y Modification factor for concrete cracking at service loads * Cracked concrete with no supplementary reinforcement or edge reinforcement smaller than a No.4 bars © Cracked concrete with reinforcement of a No.4 bar or greater between the anchor and the edge re © Cracked concrete with reinforcement of a No.4 bar or greater between the anchor and the edge, and with the reinforcement enclosed within the stirrups spaced at not more than 4in. Modification factor for anchors located in a concrete member where hy <1.5Cq1 (0-29) (0-24) * e= hee for anchor with a constant stiffness over the full length of embedment section, such as headed studs and post-installed anchors with one tubular shell over full length of the embedment depth 2a, for torque-controlled expansion anchors with a distance separated from expansion sleeve le= 80, in all cases YB. For cast-in headed studs, headed or hooked bolts that are continuously welded to steel attachments having a minimum thickness equal to the greater of 3/8 in. and 1/2dy the basic concrete breakout strength in shear of a single anchor in cracked concrete with the provision of 2) For groups of anchors, the strength is determined based on the strength of the row of anchors farthest from the edge 4) Anchor spacing, 5, is not less than 2.5in. o)_ Reinforcement is provided at the comers if Ca2 < 1.Shef (0-25) Determination Cat for anchors influenced by three or more edges, Cal = greatest of a. C/1L.5 in either direction BAAS © 1/3.0f maximum spacing between anchors within groupoot 7 fe——2] cfd het | tena feilure surface ad felure surace sured se fetus auoce te ace for ining Cy) Cy for lining oy Phan The cots! Cay = fin but two orboganal edges Cy ond te ort 51.5 therfore theming wove of Cy (ohown a8 Cy in he figure) Ta he Lrg of Canm/'5, e/S ond 3 (mor. spacing for an anchor grup) smod7/15, 8/15, 8/3) = 533 in fore, use Cn = 5.3, in Eq (0-21) to (0-28) incdng the cals of Ae he = (54847)(15:633) = 168 i Font A shows the intrsecton of the oxjumes folre sufoce for dining Gyr with the coverete surface SHEAR WEN ANCHORS ARE INMLUGNCED BY THREE OR WORE EDGES Y Where anchor reinforcement is either developed in accordance with Chapter 12 on both sides of the breakout surface, or encloses the anchor and is developed beyond the breakout surface, the design strength of the anchor reinforcement shall be permitted to be used instead of the concrete breakout strength in determining $V, A strength reduction factor of 0.75 shall be used in the design of the anchor reinforcement. Pi sl oF posable cbsering. cover — requirements ‘SECON 8-8Beg > The nominal pryout strength, Veg, Veog A. Fora single anchor : ox) YB. For a group of anchors : (oa Where key =1.0 for hes 2.5in * kep=2.0 for her 22.5in. + Neand ee shall be determined from Eq. (D-4) and (0-5), respectively Y If Vig S0.29V,, then full strength in tension shall be permitted. $N, Nig Y IfNia=0.26N» then full strength in shear shall be permitted. Wn 2Via VY IfV¥sq $0.29Vq and Nuz <0.29N,, then} (0-32) ¥ Unless supplementary reinforcement is provided Spin 24d, for un-torque cast-in anchors "Spin 26d. for torque cast-in anchors and post-installed anchors "Comm 26d for torque cast-in headed anchors * Cami shall be based on ACI Section 7-7 for un-torque cast-in headed anchors "For post-installed anchors, Comin Shall be greater of Y ACIsection 7-7 requirement. Minimum requirements for the products as determined by test in accordance with ACI355.2 Y 2times the maximum aggregate size ‘Inthe absence of product-specific ACI 355.2 test information, for post-installed anchors, Comin shall be taken as nat less than ¥ Undercut anchors =>6de Y Torque-controlled anchors => 8d, Y Displacement-controlled anchors => 10d, + For anchors where installation does not produce a splitting force and that will remain Untorqued, if the edge distance or spacing is less than those specified in D.8.1 toD.8.3, calculations shall be performed by substituting for da. smaller value dj’ that meets the requirements of D.8.1 to D.83. Calculated forces applied to the anchor shall be limited to the values corresponding to an anchor having a diameter of di’ V Unless determined from tension tests in accordance with ACI 355.2, the critical edge distance, Cay shall be as follow: "= Undercut anchors * Torque-contralled anchors * Dispiacement-controlled anchors ¥ Foran expansion or undercut post-instalted anchor, er < max [(2ha}.(ha - 4°)]