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16100lectre1 KVM PDF
16100lectre1 KVM PDF
Let’s make this more concrete using an example. Suppose we are interested in
predicting the take off distance of an aircraft. From Anderson’s, Intro. To Flight,
an estimate for take-off distance is given by Eqn (6.104):
1.44W 2
S LO
gU f SC Lmax 7
To make the example concrete, let’s consider the jet aircraft CJ-1 described by
Anderson. In that case, the conditions were:
S 318 ft 2
Uf 0.002377 slugs / ft 3 @ sea level
g 32.2 ft / s 2
T 7300 lbs
W 19815 lbs
C Lmax 1.0
2
1.4419815
S LO
32.20.002377 3181.07300
S LO 3182 ft @ nominal conditions
Also, let’s suppose that the weight of the aircraft may need to be increased for a
higher load. Specifically, let’s consider a 10% weight increase:
They both have their own advantage and disadvantages. The choice is often
made based on the problem and the tools available. We’ll look at both options.
Fractional sensitivities
16.100 2
Sensitivity Analysis
W wS LO 'S LO 'W
2 .0 | 2 .0
S LO wW S LO W
Thus, a small fraction change in C Lmax will have an equal but opposite effect on
the take-off distance.
The weight change will result in a charge of S LO which is twice as large and in
the same direction.
Thus, S LO is more sensitive to W than C Lmax changes at least according to linear
analysis.
Example
For a nonlinear analysis, we simply re-evaluate the take off distance at the
desired condition (including the perturbations). So, to assess the impact of the
C Lmax variations we find:
1.44(19815) 2
S LO (C Lmax 0.9)
(32.2)(0.002377)(318)(0.9)(7300)
S LO (C Lmax 0.9) 3535 ft
16.100 3
Sensitivity Analysis
Similarly,
S LO C Lmax
1.1 2892 ft
'S LO C Lmax
0 .1 290 ft
S LO W 21796lb 3850 ft
'S LO 'W 0.1W 668 ft
16.100 4