a a erred eee Ta M. TYRA es aeNow on stall care pe teunches ! QUANTITATIVE APTITUD CAT (Common Admission Test) PEE Eig Pies: Ro 380 "Rasa an the Previous Papers \Conins each and evry chapter fm which guests aré asked Pilly soe att ay to eamprcent ‘Uses sadentiendl language Proves concep gush techniques ee cai or every CAP esprant K Kunlan & P Pandey Contents Chapters aw to Prepare for Maths Additiongo~ Mutiny, Deg Sausing Cube” Tichrena Lean Tratons > Decimal Fractions 7 Elementny Algebme Sunde Nob Syteme Binary Siem “ Pormataion gt Combisaiouf vo Poabiity & Ratio atl Pepoton Partrerehion Penentge aren Frotlons seed on Agi Profitand Lees Site intesty, Compornd inetd alligion« Thine ent Wor, Work and Wages Pipes and ister ‘Timeand Disa Tain Steams on PageNo. v 3 9 3 a 3 % 9% Bs 141 182 1 209 2s 245 23 309 319 327 31 aor aL 453 489 301 529 5533 2 3. 35 36. Blementary Mensuration “1 Blementexy Monsuration «IT Series Data Sufficiency Data Analysis ‘Trigonometry wm 363 593 617 6st 1 Foreword ‘Whee did vouserp this momning? AUE.35, id yontoach your dtostinetion in time? Ves, [anived 10 minutes eater even though | got up five minutes late. T wily walk but tacay I took a bas. Why note ‘ai! lant stor? Raster, yes. But in my case ae speed of the bus was, sufficien: Besides, ¥edhzpated tae tates ofthe bye nieans of trumnport and concluded that sakiig a xt would mean incurring usnezessary expenditure ‘Wow! what a clever guy! Saves money, saves time, Dogs he Jno some magic? Tse a student of occult siences? Na, doer Hein ordinary mortal ike any of ys. tke exades fs inconsvon confidence, thanks to his ability compute at magical pace. Incter words, Quicker Maths is an asso:st every step of one's lie By Quicker Ma, the book means speed and socurzey at bath ‘smmple mimerial operations and complex probiems. And itisheertening that fhe Book takes iate account afl kinds of problems that one may ‘encounter in the ordinary nun oie ‘There are several hooks one comes actoss which tuke care of problems asked in ceaminations. Bat they are emwentional and prove selutions with the help of éatail mod, This book provides yeu bots the Geta as well che quicker methods: Aud itis i che lator chat the ‘book is inesissble. That the book provides yo hotk dhe methods is & ‘pointer fo te fit that you see bein Ted its faith whore you have ‘o blindly fellow what the guru sys. The conclusions have been rlien- ally drawn, The book iherafoce serves 8 a guice -the true function af a ‘ger - and onoe you get well-versed with the book, you will feel ferspowered enough to evolve formulas of your own, I think the sal magic Les therot Atthe same time, scare study ofthe book endows you with ‘the magical ability 1 ane at an answer with seconds. There may be some semi-edocaled persons who smear al this value ef the book. Can you beat a computer? -a vontampivous question ie esked. Abserd ‘question, For one, tae globe is yet to get sullicieatly cqmipzed with ‘computers. Two, even when we ents: fulledgad htech age, let us hope itianot atthe cost of our mines. Lat nol computers and calculaors become the proverbial Frankenstein's monster. The mind isa healtiy woonganandcomputing health ston, Comps answer EeTipeetate resid nt ocosanelh 7 Maton ait othe ain be isis cacnoers every intial. Inwotofte examina even celebs en Seren sc rompates And tanto a hail eck ves weer an Yoo rea randero his bok, you cat defini (Rove fone mex aes the. ona dt secs has hos = feof taka vcived ith bo oval hos stat who are Barn op Seve tt Mathematics Marutis at an amazing 200 kesph, the book definitely ane reute amc Ata seve tod re lh pope cation asssty acs, ete = oo Tee ip sumone gldeans enon rude enioy ie ide. eae her ape ig nical pers, ce nus ofthe bok vi acre ae rowel eel AP seme times en esmaige makes emly scare ast the lings Fe eer aes ct at yoa vss eth Quis Method kes ing very es eee ihe Cok proves ou speed ota ie cont off. ot mores etna Cvis bat Rt sa orgie cat, One 0a Shan ft gi Chetananané Singh [Bditor, Bathing Services Chronicle Author's Preface We a1 Banking Services Chromicte (BSC) analyse suudcats’ problems, IFaatudont isnt ubleto periomn wellatan exem, cur researcit froup members try 19 penetrate rhe student's payche end get athe raots ‘of the problems. hn the course of our discussions we found that the ‘mathemati section often roves tats the Achilles” heel for cost ofthe students, Letters om ony students cleanly indicated that thei problera ‘was nat that they could sot salve the questions. No, the questions asced ngeneral competitions aroin fit ao easy that most ofthestucdents would secure a cent por cent scor if it were aot for the time barrier. The ‘problem: then i: INABILITY TO SOLVE the question INTIME. ‘Unfortunately, chore was hardly aay ack available (0 the student which could take care of the sime aspect, And this prompted the [BSC menibers to scton, We desided 9 offer a comprehorcive book with ‘our atention tawmeied a the twin alvantagé Gicton: speed and aecwracy. Sources were hunted fot: Vedic Math=mstizs to compater progres ‘mings. Our ara waste gol everything beneficial from wherevecpossible. ‘The moateacourtoted questions were categorised. And Quicker Meh ‘ods were inol.pontly atived at and &idgently verified. Flaw dees the book lelp save yous time? Probably all yo lvarat by hear the muliplication-tabies as children, And you have also been told cht muliplication isthe quicker method fora specific typooF ‘udition. Simialy, there exits = quicker method for lanost every type ff problems provides you ara well-versed with sonte key determinaats and foeranas, Tor the benefit bl yrerstanding we have also given the detail method and how we ariveat te Quicker Method. However, for practival purposes you toed not delve too mucin the theory. Concenteate on {ye seorking formula instead. For the benefitef non-mattermatie students, the book takes core to explain the aleuged terms in an ordinary language. So that even i€ you are vaguely familie with numbers, the book will prove [boneticial for itis selGexplanatary. “Tie mathealiessardent are celatively in eornfbrabeposi- tion, They da ii bavota maks ae effertto understand the concepts. But ever i their caso, there are certain aspeeis of questions sed in the oicoonptive cams shih havebecaletby Cham untonshet sine shoot Shyu So arevatoain cot ‘eine ca of every stn, Soween te wigu seing propo siete bon ssn aby o mcrae snes prblemsoling ae ie con Sas bean Obsoval proceed mcbodialy. Agra ies he wae for snp comes crap. Te ee Rom anv expe lowed by Oars. Assent chap emer uy wil efaly akin 2 eked mpowenen of be TERLey este spond Toe stent ate sgt son ther Cathet al oggeon eit innovemen ‘Rad Hate os extn tank ol Tose wo ave payedestcn neg dbo va oto tieseadr. speily tha Pestana Py for having played 2 Key wel ia roctiog tie Stour Cheanand Sigh fre setcaloon cng of ebook See A Nijan Bhar fox aving sey verded the ral, Mc Sif Sagh's aloud ecitans cannot be orgoen, Fenda key aoe mn ove gap, The angen caved Fors Mi lait, acy Bhar Sr Napendrs Xeon Sake, Me Sandecp SE A oan Kae, ay Kame Rij ana, Me Act Fee NSM Singh somneae, hasbeen walublo, And ans to Air ridecy Qupl for pening Preface to the Second Edition It is.a grea pleasure to aot that Magical Book om Qvicker “Mache continues 3 be poptior mong the students who are looking fer Detter sults inthis ctethroat World of competition. This ook has ‘rough thenew cénceptaf time saving quiekermethad in mathematics, ‘Sa mimy other publications have ced to publish similar books but sone ‘auld reach even close to it, The vason is very simple. tise fst sod the origina! book of 1 kind. Others can only be duplicate end not the driginal. Some people cau even print the duplicate ofthe samo book. It ‘wl prove dangerous to our publication as well as io our reader. So, tmnggost our readers to confirm thecriginaliy ofthis boo before buying, ‘The contimesion is very simple. You can. ind a tuec-dimvensional HOLOGRAM on the cover page ofthis book. ‘This edition has boon extensively revised. Mistakes jut fst dition, have been corrected. Some sur chapters like Feamutation- Covthinatipn, Probability, Binary System, Quadratic Expression st. ‘ave been troduced. Somme old chapters ave beerstewrittan, Hope you ‘ll os find this book more eonipeehensive and roe usefol . oo Preface to the Third Edition ‘The patter of question paper as wel a5 tae standacd of quos- ‘ions have changed over the past couple of years. Besides Penmuation- ‘Combination an Prcbabilty, quosions from izonomtry = in the fora cof Height and Distance-have also deeuinrodoced Ip chapters Hee Data Anas Daa Sinan Sas, ew ype of wena ng || With te abowe contest in tind, a ee mew chapters eve been jntodacad anda few old ones eskrpes, Important Previous Exam ‘questions have boon added to almost al the chapters. But they have been added in larger nambess in the chapters spevilly mentioned above. ‘An introductory chaptec has boon added on "How te Prepare Joe Maths", | suggest going through this chopter before siting eny sarge. A revision in the cover price was fong due. The fist edition £1995), whieh costs 200, nad only 612 poges. ‘The price remained the Same even in the second edition (1999) in spite ofthe rumber of pages bing ineresred to 748, Buc tho third edition (2000) has gone into $07 votumins pags ence bmg inrasa oe 25, Kindy bet oaHow to Prepare for MATHS (Using this book for Competitive Exams) 1. Importance of Maths paper (PO) Quanicive Aptnude is a compulsery paps. You can't ne- lect. So make sure yor are ready fo improve your mathematical skills Each question valuis 12 mares wherews gach question of Ressoning values only 1068 marks in PO cxart, So, you devote relatively move ‘ume on this paper you get more oaths. Alb, the answers of Maths questions are more confiomed than answers of Reasoring questions, ‘which ae often confising. Most of you fel tis a mors tice consuring ‘paper, bat ifyou low our emidenes, you cam save your valuable time In examination hall Other exams: There acc vory few competitive exams without maths pager, SSC exams havedhiTavent types of Maths paper. The iat ‘exam of S$C contains Snbjective Question pape, Keeping thin and, Thave als given the detail method of cach shorcut ot Quicker Method sive inthis book, ach thenrem, which gives you a iret formula sso contains peoor of the thcorer, which is nothing but a general fmm {Gevoting numerical values by letters sy X, Vet) of dt othe, 2. Preparation for this paper (A) How to start your preparation ' ‘Mae sa very interesting subject. Ifyou dens find tiarest- i simply means you hava’ (tied o Undecetand it Lene assure yOu ‘ery sips and 100% logical. There x nothing i be assumed and noting obo confused abou. So ratiag to ery yeu came forward (ws firmndesennination to len tbs. Ths most basic hinge Maths ar: 3) Adin - Sizacton 1) Mahipicaion Division ‘All ess four things ae most uch, Asleest one ots four things cercinly need in aay ype of meematical question. So, Crs 4 cur basi ercultons fer we save ous valuable Ge in each auestion, To caleulte Faster, suggest the fllowing lips: {i) Remember the TABLE upto 20 {at leas: ‘Yow should now thar tables have bean prepared ta make Addition Jn the problem of addition we-have bwo enain factors (speed ‘and accuracy) ide considerstion. We will discuss a method of ad- tion which is faster thin tho method used by masa people and als as & ‘higher Gepree of accacacy. Inthe leer par of tais chapter we will 3iso discuss a method of checking and double-chooking the results: {in using conventional meibod of adeifion; the average mE cammot always aud a fidy long colunnn of figures without rokaing a mistake, We shall eam how to check he work by indwideskcolarans, ‘wihout repeating the addition, This has sever adveniages: 1) We gave the labour ef repeating all the wore, 2} We latte ear, if any, inte column where tees ad 43) We ae certain to find er, which isnot necessary inthe eoaven” tions! method. "This lst point is something that most people do not realise, Each oge of us has his own weaknesses and. own kind of proneecss.10 {5 56. f you alehim dicey he wil si ‘ealculation twill Sip out x8 "56". 1 23s his Zaveurte eos, he would ‘be likely to sepeat it whea he checks by repaiin, ‘Totalting in columns "Re in theconventione! method sf éaltion, we weit te figures tobe added in edluam, and under tho bottom figure we draw atime, so that te tora wall be under the coluam, When writing tiem we remember that the matheraetical mule for placing the numbers is to align the ightchend-sde dipits (when there are whole numbers) aed the decimal points (when hore sce decimals), For example: Right-hand-side-digits Decimal alignment alignment 4234 13.05 8235 251 5a6. 539.652. 3324 2431,0003 3500 49.28 9989 “The eemventional methed is 19 adé tho figures down the righthand onluran, 4 plus plus 6, ond soon. You can do ths if you wisia QUICKER WATHS inthe now method, but tis mot compulsery: ou can begin working 00 any colar. But for the rake of convenience, we will srt on the ‘igh hand column. ‘We add az we go down, but we “eover cout higher than 10", “Thats wen to muning tla bocomes grater than 10, ve reduce ity 10and go ahead wits the reduced figure. As we dos, we make a small tickorcheck-matk beside the mumber that mede oor total higher than 10 For example: " ~ 4 pli 812: this is more than 10, so we surat 10 om 12. Mar: 2 lick and start adding again 6 Gy 2.8 1 tplas,9 ‘ © Opie d,9 9 9 plas 9 18: mack atick and seduce 18 by 10, ey 8 “The final figue, 8, wi) be writen unde the column as the ‘sunning foal”. "Next we count she tos that we have ust made as we dropped. 10's. Asweave? ticks, we write under the column as he "tick figure’ “The example wow looks like this $234 ae 646 sia 350, 98h runingiotil: 8 teks 2 rveepetthe sme pces onc of theca were theres a os smi 350 5S 655 mm runing tonal + ticks? ‘eon 8 “Now ve arive atthe final resultby adding togethecthe wing fetal and the ticks inthe way ehown inthe following diagram. ‘enning total BR ticks orrrro Total: 28778 ‘Save more times Weo'serve tha the ruenng taal is ae othe teks ‘eclow in she immediate right column. This addition ofthe teks with ‘mediate left cofuma can bedone:in single te. Thetis, the number of tio inthe first coluran from ight is added to the second eoluran row right, the mares of ies in the Pc column isadded to he thd column, anid 30 on, The whole method ean be undoriaod inthe following steps. 4234 2236 645 5321 350, 98s Tout: 5 ‘Step. [A plus’ is 12, ark a tisk and ode 2 0 6, whieh Gs 8: plus 1 29,9 plus 089; 9 plus is 18, marka tck and write down $intho frst column of tota-tow.] 4234 ase 666 . 5321 350 9985 Stop I. Tow 78 [3plus 2 (umber of tik in fiat column) is 5; $ plus 3s & 8 plus 4s 12, entk a tick aed carry 2; 2 plus 2 is 4; 4 plus 1s 9, 9 plus B 18.17, mark tick and write dovin 7 in 2nd column of wte-row Ina similar way we proceed for ed and 4h coluras.0 “quioxer avis] 4234 a23¢ 646 5321 350 $985 28778 ‘Tosa: ‘Note : We see that In the leftmost cofuan we are left with 2 ick \Write dovn the mumber of ticks in a column left to the leftmost column, Thus we get the answer a litte earlier chan she previous} method. One more itustation (Q: 707.235 + 1923.62 ~ 56.009 + 564.949 + 65.6—7 Solution : orgs 1925582, Sku séasies 6 Toul: 3319609 “You may nice a cueton is itnece ryt write the numer in columa-onm? Ue ars er ito You ny ge the are ASO dng ve. Quon aban row fne onto aprodien of aliens. ious ee ning hee a a a pings, be suggest you's sched which would by f Signin pebiem. 3 vou ous of fhe Stop "Pu srr tothe ight ofthe hs etal ctl took he tel isa decal equal nea suber Fer exitape, te abore qn say beri x Sgr a28 + 925820 F800 © Sea 1 65.600 Step St ang he st gt om gin, Se Se gi wie hustbece dealt wily Ifyou dont ext, duplication may ose, Doig unig tl don't gard 10, Tha wen wo ence 0, oma tice auywiete rear sbeut ou calculaicn, Now, go aed lt mneberexsoeing 10. Sona7s N1OD3896 + S800) sc4.n4f + 6560p=_ 7 saselion - " pus OS Splus9i9 Haiti nog sen and cary overs abe ey pan 087 sown con 7D hs we ee ST incae white ust tsayes us tom Sntho and duo ra A Ad the tbefleks owt iin alse, Sad case tat ek Fogel Or aES + SSPEARS = S8.01) + 565.968 + 65.004. ‘our tel pus 23,3 pis 2 5 5 plasO sSope dao wee de i plan, Sept. " “ron Ab + 1903.636 + 58.)6) +504. fh e05.6bb 5 pushes mata oughana cary otf psp js 10, mark another tick in rough and carry aver zern; 0 plus 6 is 6, 90 pets cise Bev. “ ESR Siep Zooming Ne sameyemy ga Denes SRN a See » feasts 88) = 19.87 ‘Adon of sure (ntiou decal) watcha ro Tora. ison osigrsne mas 113 Sins stepsssr¥ reapers Mas 18 Step I: $3021 + 6308 + 86+ 7028 + 1113 ‘Step HE $392] + 6908 #864 7025 + 11132, 472 872 Step IV: 52021 + 6308-+ 86+ 7025 +1119 Shop V: 53921 + 6308 + 85 47005 + 11132 = 78472 Note : One should get good command aver this metiod because i is very mel useful etd fas-calevlating, If you don't understand it Wy agai and eyain. ‘Addition and subtraction in a single row Bx. £2412 -83+70=7 Stop I: For units digit of our enswer add and subuact ihe digits at units ‘pages according to the sign atached with fhe espeetive nome For example, in the above eaae the walt plate of our temporesy resulsis 2-3+0~2 auickeR mares Sowritgaxs * M28 70=__(1) Sindarly, the temporary value at rong place is 1-8 +756. So, write a: 412-83 +70="_@ (1) ‘Smilarly, se cemaporary value athaandreds place ie. So, were 412-83 + 70=(4€0)(1) Now, the shove temporary tres have © the changed into real ‘value, To replace (-LJbya-+ve digit weborrow from digits tens or buncted, Asthed:gitatensls 72:0, we willhave to borrow stom hundreds ‘We borrow 1 frum 4 (at hundreds) whick becomes 10 st tes Jeaving 3 at bundreds, Again we borrow 1 from tone which Dbeoures 10 at unite pce, lawving 9 at ons, Tus, at units place 10-19. Thus our final result= 399, ‘The above explanation can be repented as age — a ® @) Ch 9 i above explanation i easy to undeestand, And the method is more easy io perform. if you practise wall, dhe two steps (Lf) ‘cane performed simulkanenvsly. ‘The second step can be perfonned in another way lke VO) CD = 400-1 =399 124 829+ 781-438 ‘Solm: According to sop [the traporary Sigur is: ‘Step Il: Borrow I ftom 5. Thousands place becomes $- (5) C4) (0) 9) Voorrowed fio thousands Becomes 10 at hundreds, Now, 10 - 4 = 6 at hhundveds place, but 1 is borrowed for tens. So digi at hundreds becomes §- 1=5, | boowed ftom hundreds becomes 1. ‘Again we borrow 1 fot tens forunis place after which the digit at tens plas is 9. Now, 3 borrowed from tens becomes 10 atunits place. Thus the result at units place is 10 = Our requiced newer 4591 Note: Aiter step I we com peor Hiker 54) (0) (9) = $000 - 09. 591 ‘ton 8 ‘But this method can'the combine! with step 1 to pstform sia taneously. So, we should try-to understand steps I Il wel! so ‘that in ature We can perionm ther siraanecusy, Bx, 3: 3216 - $396 + 3510-9997 ‘ols Step 1 gives the result as (1) (2) 5) (18) 9) Step H: Ui digt= 16-91 [1 barowes fom (16) reals 16-1=-17] “Tens dig = 20-17=3 [2 borowed ftom 5) results $-2=-7) HlundzedeAigit= 10-7 =3 [1 borrowed Som 2 results 2-1=-3] “Thousands digit= 10-37 [1 towowed fom 7 results? -1=8} So, the require vale is 67321. ‘The above exteulations cs alan besarte’ from lemost digit as doce inst 0 examples. We have sated foun righimast git inthis case, The resol i de saree in both cases, Dut forthe combined apesiion of two ope you Will have te ert foe ighteos digit Gc nis digi). See Bx. ‘Note: Orer mths forstepHl 29S) INDE = LH) = Ass = 70000 » (2669) = 67331 Bx. 4 AU975- 12345-36218 =? Soln: Step: (4) (2944) (2)<-5) Stepld 141 5 ‘Single step solution: "Now, you mast learn to perform the to steps simultncousy ‘This the siruplost example understand th cowlined mete. ‘ACunlls plage: 8-5 8 (}, To make it positive wo have to ‘borrow from ts, Yeu should semeribes that we can't borew ‘rom sve value fg 12345. We wil havo to borrow from postive value from 89978, 80, we bermwed 1 from 7 (tens igi of 89978) oh, 89978-12345 -36218—____5 Now digit at tons (7-1 =yb-4- 11 Digitat hndeeds: 9-3 -2=8 Digitat thousands: 9-2-5 Digit ton thousands: §-4-3—4 ‘he roqused value= 41415, 5 28360 + 38062 - 9873 7 Single sep solution: Tens digh=6-+6-7 Unita digit = 942-3 = HHendreds dig 349-8“ QUICKER MATHS “Thousands digit=8+ 8-9=7 ‘Ten thousands digit=2+3=5 Bx. 6: Solve Ex. 2 by stgie- step method. [24 +829 +731 -435— ‘Units digits 4-9-4 1-5 (9). Bowow I from wens digit of the postive valu. Suypose we borrved fr 3 0f 731, Ths ‘equited value = 57458 4 5124-92973 1-438 Tens digit: 2-242 -3 -+ye value, Suppaio we bored from 70781: Then 5124-42947 3 1-435=_ 91 Hundreds digit: 18+ 6-4~ 5), Bonow 1 from thousnad [igh of tve saluc, We have only ane such digit, iv. 5 of 5124 Then “1 La S124-si947 34-435 =4597 (Thesonds digit remains a $1 = 4) ‘Now you can perform the whole calculation im a single at ‘without wring anything ex, 1 Solve Bx. 3 ina single step wichout writing anything other than tlteanswer. Teyityourset, Don'tasove tonost example und yo «ean contideatlysaive such questions within seconds, ERB: 10789 + 3945 - 2310 1203=7 ‘Sainz Whenever we get a value more thin 10 afr addition ofall the mis ‘pits, ow wil pt thesis digit ofthe result and eary ove the te dig We aa the tes digit to +ve valu, not to the-ve tale, Similar meted should beadopted for el digits: en 10-7 € 94 3906-2310-1223= 11202 [Notes 1, We put + aver fhe digts of ave value 19789. teean also be pt ‘vr the igs oF 3046, But i can't putover 2310 and 1223. ‘uinthe exam when you are Eve to uce yur pe on question pa you eat aber te digit with your pen isend of wring +1, 2, 1) 2 ovecthe digis. Hence, inszad of wating 8, you should ‘Sever 8 with your pen, Similxty, write 8 in place of 7. x. 9: 765819 - 59,003 + 12.088 -86.59 =? ‘Soin: First, equate he manber of dyits alter decimals by potting 2 ‘kth cna. So, ? = 765 819 - 85.003 + 12.038 - 86.850 Ex. ation 6 ‘Now, apply the sere mathod as done it Px. 4,5, 6,7 8 8. Aaqad 7 3.8 1.9-80.003+ 12.028 - $6.90 = 001.964 Method of checking the calculation : Digit-sum Method "Ths method taso called the ninercerasinder method. The concept of digit. sun consists a i: Tie getihe digt-oun ot a macber by ding acres" the umber. For Vrsanes ths gitsem of 9022 is 1 pus 3 ples O ps2 pus? 88 1. Wealwaye roduce tne dgieepr oa wngle Gye snot abeady Youle fre. For insane, he digit-sum of 5264s 5 hus 2 pis 8 pia § (7, oF ps 788) Tar intercross a ier, wesnay drop ox These haps te nse two dips tht adapt 9, such as 2a 7, we ignore ath of itor, sothe digt-sumot 990195 Late gance, (wean 95 we pte smmerenit) 1v. Bevaise"aices don't cout in this process as we sav ia igteaum o°9 ithe sue aa dite of oem The digits oF, forename sz, ‘Quick Aadition of Dgit-sua: Weave are “shdingacrass”anumbes shoot a8 our running total reaches wo digits Weald these two together, and go abead witha sgl digit sour new rig ot Toreyample: To gettho eigit-sim of $86542932851 wo do Fis Iga two igor number We educethix 1610 singl ig 1 plat Bet, Wego ahead wih this 757 plas 6 64 (13,07 1734) 4 plus is 8 fnget it ps 25s & Pocge $. Provanding this way We wet toe aig auto 7. er decines we woiccry hose way Bure dan py ay neni otnececzal por. the digits. 06256, fr esampe is por novestey in prctoal sease 10 anderson why the suetiod works, bu you wal se how iteresting this is“ baie Thott arte redvead gitar fs be sane as the raider «ven he numbers divide oy % or Ceample: Digitsary £523 And alee whes 523i ivides by ye gt he emer 1 Checking of Caleutation Baxie rule : Whatever we do to the numbers, we also da to thelr dligie-sum; then the result that we get froma the digits of the fpumbers must be equal tothe digit-sumu of the answer.16 QUICKER MATHS For example : The number: 234+49+ 15430 -117 The digitsum:5+ 4+6+ 3-0 Which reduces to : o=06 This mile is also applicable w subtraction, multiplication and upto some extent to division also. These will be discussed in the coming chapters. We should take another example of addition. 145+ 32.54 23.9= 579 digit-sum: 6 +1 +- 5 =3 or, 3 °=3 Thus, if we get LHS = RHS we may conclude that our calculation is correct. Sample Question : Check for all the calcutions done in this chapter. Note : Suppose two students are given to solve the following question: 1.5+ 32.5 + 23.9 =? ‘One of hem gets the solutionas 57.9. Another student gets the answer 48.9. Ifthey check their calculation by this method, both of them get it to be correct. Thus this method is not always fruitful. If our luck is’ against us, we niay appreve our wrong answer also. Addition of mixed numbers 1, 44; ghey Q3 a7 4 3 9 7 Solution : A couventional method for solving this question is by con- verting each Of the numbers.into pure fractional numbers first and then. taking the LCM of denominators. Te save time, we shouldadd the whale numbers and the fractional values separately. Like here, _ at + at + syecenne[s + $ + 3] =i6 BtBiU =156+12 =0s+p+2 , Soln ; (5-442-1)+ pecan] =2 (Ao BantingMultiplication Special Cases We suggest you to remember the tables up to 30 because it saves some valuable time during calculation. Multiplication should be well commanded, because it is needed in almost every question of our concern, . Let us look at the case of multiplication by a mumber more than . 10. MULTIPLICATION BY 11 - Step I: The last digit of the multiplicand (number moultipiied} is pat down as the right-hand figure of the answer, Step I: Each successive digit of the multiplicand is added to its neighbour at the right, Ex,1, Solve 3892 x 11=? Soln: Step I; Put down the last figure of $892 as the tight hand figure of the answer: ‘ 3392 x 11 2 Step Ur Each successive figure of S892 is added to its right-hand neighbour, 9 plus 2 is 11, put | below the line and carry over 1.8 plus.9° plus | is 18, put 8 below the line and carry over 1. 5 plus 8 plus 1 is 14, put 4 below the line atd carry over 1, . 3892 x 11 , 12. (9+2 = 11, put 1 below the line and carry over i} 5892 x 11 . 812 (8+9+1 =18, put 8 below the line and carry over 1) 5892 x 11 4812 (S+8+L = 14, put 4 below the line and carry over 1) Step IIT; The first figure of 5892, 5 plus 1, becomes the left-hand figure of the answer; : - . 5892 x 11 64812 The answer is 64812, u‘quicker MATHS [Ab you see, sash Hguto-of tho lang mantis used twice, Ieis fist sed ss "number", and then, 2 the nest ate, itis used a6 a ~ naighbour, Looking carofily, we cam nee just one rae fatend of tree hile, And this only tule can be called as “add the right nelghbout™ nile ‘We innst ft writes zion nit of che given number, or at Tena imagine a zero there ’ “Thon we apply the idea of ding the neighbour wlevery figure ofthe given twmber in tur: 05892 1 FAs there is no neighbour om the right, s0 we ads nothing, 08802 IE 4512 “As wo did earlier sa 1 oasiz, ‘oro ps5 ples cxsied-over Lis 6 "This exaraple shows why 0 naod the zero in dont of the mubtipioand: is to tem us not sinp 700 soon. Without The zero fo Frost, we migathavenoglecte thelast6,endwe tight then havethought that the answer was only 4812. The answer than the given srumber by ono digit and the zero infront kes caro of that ‘Sample Problems Solve the following : WVTIMLAL x U2) 231454 11 3) 89087 11-4) 5776800% 11 591122332608 x 11 ‘Ang: 1) 122222) 5) 12543658688 2254395. 39979737 4) 63544800 MULTIPLICATION BY 12 ‘Torulply any number by 12, we “Double each digit in turn and add its ueighbour”. "This isthe satne-as mulipiying by 11 except that now we double the ._ Teuibes" before we add its "neighbour" : For example : Ex: Solve: 5324012 = Soln : Step 1. 05324 12 oi T(@ouble che right hand flgureand add 200, ‘as thar fs no-neighbout) Mltipteation 8 Step tt,” 95324 x 32 35" Glouble de 2 aad a4) Step II, 05324 x12 $55, (Gouble the. and wl 2) Step IV. 09824 12 “FEB ouble the $ und add 3 (12), put 3 ‘below the fine and earry over 1) ‘Last Step, 05324 x. ‘3886 (ero doubled is ero, plus $ plus ‘rid over |} “The answer is 63,888, Ifyou gp through it yourself you wil find that the ealoulation goes very fist and is very ey. Practice Question Solve the following 135609 x 12 21123008 + 12 aysora9 x 12 4922200007 12_——_5)444890781 x 12 ‘Ans: 1) 4273082) 133476108. 3) 5481468 4) 266400084 5) 5338688532 MULTIPLICATION BY 13 ‘To mutiply any number by 13, we “Treble each digit in turn and add {ts right neighbour”. ‘This isthe same a5 mitiying by 12 except that ow wo "tebie" the "murah" bofore we acd its "neighbour", sve went to multiply 9482 by 13, ve proceed like this i Step OIF ‘9 (rable the right hand figure and write it down an there 1an9 neighbour on te right) ppt 13 7 (xB13=27, wre down 7 aiid carry over 2} Step TIT, 09483 + 13 29 Btep1V, 00483 4 13 329) [Last Step. 09482 x 13 i TRI (GOH 12, waiteit down) ‘The answer is 23.279. Step H. (434812222, write down 2 and cxery over 2) (9x344+2=33, write down 3 and catry over 3)+ define figure of 8576 py one, axe 7 is the-leA-nand figure oft QUICKER Ma Ima similar way, we ean define les for mutptcaion b ‘Bu, during those sulGplicatons we will have to get four of five Uses of gt, which ie soeetines nt oo easy to cay oves. We Ihave an easier metiod of enlipicaton for those large values. ‘Gea you Get salar tathods for motipbeation by 21 and 31 eis mot vary tvgh fo define the rules. Try it Multiplication be Step Us Sabet heighten igre ofthe ong number Som 10 Thi ive the righthand gute ofthe answer, Step I Taking the ex digit Bom righ, subtcact from 9 wed ad acighbour ons ht ‘Step TIE AL the at sts, hen you are wider the zoo eon of th on ‘umber, surat one from the neighbour and use shat asthe lef Figure of he answer. Bets $576 927 Soln + 08576 9 aly Step I. Surat the 6 of 8576 fom 10, and bave dof the ewer. Step Il. Sublect she 7 fon 9 (ve have 2) and add the neighbour 6; reaultis 8. : ‘Step LL (9-5)+7 = 11; pur unggr theline and cary over 1, Step IV. (9-6)+5+1 (cased ave = 7, put down, Step V (Last sep), We are under the f-hand zo, 0 we sce Matipication a MULTIPLICATION BY 23, Suppose you are ven a large number like 125690258. And tomneone asks you to multiply that number by 25. What will you da? Probably you wil do oothing but go ior simple multpicatioa, Now, we suggest you to rautply that numer by 100 and then divide by 4. Todo sees See He Pat wo zeroesat the right of turner (as ithas tobe tipi Bp ih (osithastobermltiplied Btep TE: Divide iz by 4. Bo, your answer is 12569025800-+4= 3142256450, fsiteasier than your o,zour 0. siteasier than yo [General Rule for Multiplication ‘Having dealin aly sulin! detail wit the ppticaion ici cases omultpiation, we now proced to deal wit the" Geel orcnta” applicable to all cases of multiplication. It it sometnces go! very conveaient io keep al the above care and their steps in rind 50 at of us should be very much finan with *Gonaral Forme” of rtipicaion . 2) 1718 =7 (3) 6392 ansier . ‘Thus anawer is 77184, Hers era fowr questions for you. Fight-buod digits of multiplicaud_ and muhiplior igh of mplonnd ih nteph ot eemtigicy 1) 34 x O=2 2) 569% 97 3) 1928» 9= 74) 5049S x 97 wl? 97213288 « I . ‘anwers | fy300 2) 5321 sy riase 4).sees7 5) e03sHa02 ve doa suggest you topic much sopbass on iis =, os “Because it Ye not very much easy to use. Som times it proves ee A “Step 1s Puta zeto at she right end of the number; ie, waite 85760 for I, 2 aoe ~ sp Seal rt ie 18 x 54 Guit2x1)Py 2 QUICKER MAT Mulioncanon ‘Step FEL. In the last step we sultiply the left-hand fy of be ANSWERS pr i a a ‘hoes a aae sya 49315051639 oyzz7 7)2t0Ls) 4402 12 9629-10) $633 * Ex.2, Solve (1) 325» 17=7 (2)4359 4 I Soln (I): Step. 32 5 : vos | 156 Gel a2 2 Q)17 x 18=7 “ Wa) 5 (5 7=35, putdown 5 and carry over 3 Step Ie Stop IL. 2 y memes » Stop 1. we . : 2S (xTeSn143 =P, putcosen and camry over 2} (HxB4 Poel +5 = 20, write down 0 Step IML 3 2 5 aed cary over) Step 1. "7 N Tae eta 9, vin dona) 525 (3x7420182=25,putdown Sand @srxs=? Now's cary over) erent + Repeat the eros-niultplicition wot all he consecutive By os Dalrs of dighs exhaust. In step I, we cross-nuil6plied 25 and 17 : india step IIL, we erose-multiplied 32 and 17. 4 (7x2= 14, write down 4 and carry over 1) StepIV. 3 2 5 Sept, 87 92 = 17 04 (sx2+9< 74180, it down Gand cary 0 =r - Sip. 67 25 Gxt42=$, putt down}. o2 . (Q)Stepl 43-59 Practice questions . W5Tx 43 2)51% 42 3)28%43 4ps6x 92 SPRTx 19 ze ve SUITS 37 10)97 89 — Te : - 7 (3=27, pur down 7,cany ove). DBxM IO Bex 7QUICKER MATHS: 43 ‘Step IL 3 37 Sip. 4.4.5 9 (5x3 #9422 = 35, pat down 5 dnd catty over 3) Stop tv. ale 5 $9 24 2D 2,5, 7 WoH3K2e2 =20, put down 0, cary over 2) Step Ye ‘350 3 : 100257 x22 10,putitdown) ‘We can write all the steps together: 4359 23 . Badd DG HHT HID HS ! = 0 2 3 = 100257 (0%, we can write the anewer dircity without waiting the intermediate steps The oly thing we should hoop in mind isthe Yearying numbers Gxaes243 22, purdovn 3, capy over2) Muitsleaton 26 4359 4350 230 oy, 23 10 20223827 100257 Note : You shoud try for his direct calculation. Ie saves alot of tte It Ina very systernat¢ caleulation and ia very cary tozemember, Wate the above steps egain and again emf you get Gat systematic pattem of exoss-muitilication, Multiplication by a 3-digit number Bx: 1. Solve (1) 321 x 132 =? 2)-4562 x 345=7 (3) 69712 641 =? Boln:(1)StepL 324 132 2 (x2=2) Sept 321 12 Qedas1=7), Step 324 ish ‘ 37-2 (Qudtadttxt = 13, write down 3 ‘and cary over 1) Seeplv. 921 2 | 2372 GxSHx2+h= 12, write down 2 and carry aver 1)2 eB Bx D) BHD AL DABIIKY Ts = a 72 @ 4562 345 GeBAN yl St S41 SGT SAO Da 25 7 3 8 » 10 = 1573890 @ 69712 oat (66 etx! 1x684N94 KI! HLT Ph Db 1 =a 36 cs ° Bo 2 = 44085992 ‘Note: Did you get the cleer concept of crass-ultiplicaion and ‘ngecress-mlipication? Did your bow the digis i cross wuttip ttuon inetease, remain constant, ard then decreas? Take a sharp lo fr question (3) In he Best ow othe answer, sf you move from right Tef, you will se that “here is. only exe utilisation (1x2) in. the pat Ta the second part hero are to (Vo and 42), in he 3rd pat ((o27, Ax ad 6x2), the oh pat thee (1x9, 7 and et) in the 5 sport aguinthice (146, 40 ane 67), in the Gh part too (4x6 and 6x tnd in te last partly one (6x6) mulsipication. The paricipation ‘digits in croms-uliplication.can be shown bythe lowing Giagrams Lod 64 ay Muttooation Fa vigg 712, wLg9712 oil ‘sat Foreach of the groups of figures, you ave to ross-multply ‘Multiplication by a 4-digit number Example: Solve 1)4325 x 3216 Sola : 1) £325 » 3216 =? Step L432, 2) 686329 » 124 3216 (0. (Sx6= 30, write down O and camry over?) ‘Step 14325 3216 D6 (xGHxS+3 = 20, write down O and cauy over, 2} Fo fest da145:242~32, weitedown 2 endcarty over 3) Step IV. 432, . & HN 9200. AxGedel:2e2+5x343 = 60, write down nd carry over 4) Step 1H Step ¥. 4325 Pe 6 09200 Caeirsezidnte4 ~20, dite down 0 and cary over2)Ea QUICKER MATHS Step VI. 4325 $216 909200 (4x2+3432=19, write down and exrry over i) ‘Step VILL 43.25 3216 13909200 (34 ‘Ans 13909200 2.646325 « 8124-7 “Try this question yourself and match your steps withthe given sligraramatic presentation of participating digits. Seep 645329 sethoneny Bind . 812 ‘Step Mm. ned Step IV. ye sits wits Step V. gy Step VI. 649329 . Step VIL 446329 Step VIL. ve ais Bis Step IX. ve Bia Practice Problems: Solve the folowing 12342456 BIO GT —-YTZAD1—&) 2945.67 5) 345672 «ASE 6}S65> 952 7) 458 008 B)S4I« 342 9) 666 444 10) 81035 45D 1156321 « 672.32) T27Rx 569 13) 5745 502 14) 4455 x 887 1598862241 3, write it down) Mutiotcation| Fay ANSWERS: 1) 106704 -2)22780R 3)375832 4) 1571159) 1378642 6)541688 7) 413864 8)185022 _9}295704° 10) 3646350 My 37847712. 12) 727182. 13) 3228600 14) 3960485 15) 30Z1942 (CHECKING OF MULTIPLICATION Exi: 3S x = 195 digitum: 6 x 4 = 6 om = 6 or, "6 = 6, Thus,curotioulation i caret. Bed: 9712 x oal = 44085392 5 Therefore, our enlelaton is camect ann digitsum: 6x 6~9 61,365 0 o%,0= 9 Thus, our calculation is corect ‘But if someone gets the answer 43227, and tri to cheskehis caleulation vith the help of cigitstin cule, see What happens : aBL x 132= 43727 Aigitsam 6» 6-0 36= 0 on 0m 0 . “This shows that our aneworis correct: Bar ti not tue, Thys we see that ‘Four uckis very bad, we cam aprove aur wroug ener,Divisibility We now take up the interesting question as to how one can determine whether 4 certain given number, however large it may be, is divisible by a certain given divisor. There is no defined general rule for checking the divisibility. For different divisors, the rules differ at large. We will discuss the rule for divisors from 2 to 19. Divisibility by 2 Rule: day number, the last digit of which is etter even or 0, is divisible by 2. For example: 12,86,130,568926 and 5983450 are divisible by 2 but. 13,133 and 596351 are not divisible by 2. Divisibility by 3 Rule: Jf the sum of the digits af a member is divisible by 3, the number is also divisible by 3. For example: 1) 123; 14243 =6 is divisible by 3; hence 123 is also divisible by 3. 2) 5673: 5464743 = 21; therefore divisible by 3. 3) 89612 : 849464142 = 26 =2+6 = 8 is not divisible by 3, therefore, the number is not divisible by 3. Divisibility by 4 Rule: if te last two divits of a number is divisthle by 4, the number is divisible by 4. The number having two or more zeros at the end is alse divisible by 4. ; For example : 1} 526428 : 28 is divisible hy 4, therefore, the number is divisible by 4. 2) 5300 : There are two acibs at the end, so it is divisible by 4. 3) 134000 >-As there are more than two zeros, the number is divisible by4. 4} 134522 : As the last two-digit number (22); is not divisible by 4, the number is not divisible by 4. Note: The same rule is applicable te check the divisibility by 25. That is, 4 nuraber is divisible by 25 if its last two digits are either zeros. ot divisible by 25, 4Rule mambo ends in 5 r 0, he number is disse by 3. Forexample 1) B45 1a an Sih 8 iis debe Wy 5. 2) 1340: Anit last digit i 0, itis vise by 5. 3) 1843 Asis lat ig is either 5 noe tan visible by 5. Divisiiity by 6 Rules fa numberisdvtste by bots 3und 3 she munber fats divs 1y6. So, fora mumber 1o be divisible by 6, 1) The mumber shouid end with an even digit or Band 2) The sum of ts digits should be divsibie by 3. For exarple: 1) 63924: The Gnst condition is lsd asthe last digit (4) isam_eve ‘ube and slso 6#3+0+244=)24 is divisible by 3; therfe the number ia divisible by 6. 2) 154 : The frst condition is fulfilled but not the second, therefore, umber is zo divisible by 6 39261 ; The Set condition i ot Buled, therefore, we don't noe check for the 2nd condition, Spectal Cases “The rules for divishty by 7,13, 17,19». swe very mu nique and me found very rely. Befor oingon Sethe rule west. ‘ow some teams lke Vonesnore” oseulatar and negative oseulato *One-mos” ooculstor means the amber weeds one more 0 a multiple of 10. For oxample: oscar far 19 needs 1 to bocome: (2x10), hus eseulaor for 193 2 (akon fro 2x 10= 20), Sil oxculetr for is 5 (ken fom 5» 19= 50). Negative aculsine means the umber auld be reduced one tobe aaliple of 10. Fer example: "Negative asclator for 21 is 2 (akon from 2 x 10 = Silly, negative osculator for $1 (taken Som 5 x 10= 50). Note: (1) Wharis the osultar fer 7? ‘Now we look fortkatmnleple ef 7 whichis oitherlessor by 1 thas a mulipic of 1, For example 7» 3= 21, a8 21 sono m: ‘than 2 16, cur negative osculatori2 for? ‘ed 7 x 7 49.0149 ig one less han 5 « 1, our fone ovsulatorin5f7 Cohisloy 2 ‘Sinsilarly osculstor for 13, 12and 191s: For 13:13 x3= 29, “one mare osculator is 4 (from $x 10) For 17: 17x3= 5, negative oselator i 5 from 510) For 19: 19 4. "ouesmore" oscar x2 (Fem 2 10) {2)Can you detine oaenlator: Rr 29,39, 28, 31,27 and 23. (@) Gan you get any osculator for an ever numer ora number eniog ‘wis °5° (No, But why 2) Divisibility by 7 ‘ist af elLwo reall the cosulator for 7. Once agein, for your ‘convenience, 387 3=21 (one more tan 2 10), ournegativeasculsior 482, Tais gcuator'2" isu key-digt This acd only tis digits used to check the divieibility of any number by 7, See how il works: Ex ts [a 112 divisible by 77 Solu: StepT. 112 11-2x2=7 'A8 7s divisible by 7, the mane 112 is also civsibe by 7. EX 2:15 2061 divisible by 7? Sobre Stop I 296.1: 296 x2 = 294 Step Ik 294:29-42=21 ‘As 21 is divisible by 7, the mumber is aso divisible by 7. x3 SS2PTRR B 5527783 - 82 = 9527757 SSQTIGT: 992776 7x 2= 550762 ‘55226 2: $5276-2 x2 5572: 5507-202 2315523 2= 546 Sg: 54-02-42 ‘A3 42 is divisible by 7, tho number is abso divisible by 7. Note: I. Inallthe examples exchef herumbers obtained afer Co equal ‘sign (-)isalso divisible hy 7. Whenever you find nomsber which Tacks divisibie by 7, you may stop there en euuclule the rest ‘without any hesitation. 2-The above eins cn helen oetine eee aay Tey mdose. Divisoaty by 8 Rolle: {the fast ree digits of a muiber is dvisibs ay & the munter salva divisible by B Asn, i te last three digits af a mumber are zeros, the number evistbte by &.ey ‘QUICKER MATHS Excl. 1256: As 256s divisible by 8, the mumaber is also divisible by 8 [Ex.2, 135923120 As 120 i dvisble by 8, the mumber i also divisible bya 1Ex,2. 139287000: As the susberhas thyee zeros at the en the number “eaivisible by 8 (Note: The samo nae is applicable to cack the dvisibiity by 125, Divisfoliy by 9 ile: fthe sum ofa the digits ofa umber is divisible by 9, she mune seaton dive by 9. Excl, 39681 :31946+8+1=27 iedivalbleby 9, hee th marie inalvo ‘visible by 9 ERD 456138 HS+OHHSH8E 27 is divisible ky 9, hence the mumber 1s also divisible by 9. Divistbaty by 10 le: Any mamber which ends with zero is divisible by 10, Mere ive eed fo dlscuss thls rl, Divisiinty by 11 . alec he sues of gta ode ad even places are equator ifr Bf ctwsmber date by Hi, tent rer tara dvb iy 1 Bhi 3209682 5) SHG DBS and Sh 26545" 15 ‘Aa 5. ~ 5, foe mmberis divitbley 1. a 24S TID 523+ Fd d= 4742 17 Aa Sy and Sain iy 1 visible by 11, the mumbai alo avsible By, x3 8927291658 5) = 8190 Sy AT and So ae De DLISH 14 ‘AstSs ~ Si) 30 isdivsle by 11 th umber ls vse by] Divisthitigy wy’? Rule: Any manter whichis divisible by bath ant 3, ts also cvsible yi, "To check the divisibiity by 12, we 1) fiat ave the lst tendigit number by . 17s isnt divisible by 6, the nuraberis mot divisiale by 12, [Fis divisible by 4 then 2) check whetherhe number is divisible by 3 or no. Ex.1, 135792: 92 is divisible by 4 and also (1434579420127 sdivisble by 7; hens ho nomber is divisible by 12. Divtoty 36 ‘Remark : Recall the method for calculetion of igt-sum, What did you Adocarlicr (én Istchupter)? Forgetnine" Do the same here, For exam: Aigit-sum of 135792 _1 plus 3 plos 5159, fngetit 7 pls 2 in 9, forget its And fivally we ged wotbing, Thal means al the “orget nine” eounss a nuraber whieh ia cultiple of 8, Thus, the mamber is divisibfe by 9 Divinity by 13 ‘Osculetor for 13 is 4 (See note) But tie time wr oseutor is ot negative fs in case}. Wis ‘one riore’ esalater. So, the working, ‘vil be cifferent row. Tis can be seen inthe following exar=pes. Ex tris 18 aivisble by 139 Sein: 143: 14+ 3% 4=26 ‘Since 26s Alvisible by 13, the suber 143i alsa divisible by 13. “This working muy friner be sanplifi a Step: 143 16 [443 (Rom 143 +4 (Gom 149) Step 1 4 3 "26/16 [4 6 iam 1.6) + (ftom 16) +1 (fom 143 ‘As 26's divisible by 13, the number is also divisible by 13. ‘Note : The working of secoad method is also very systematic. At the serve tne itis more accaplebie because it has fess vrting work. Ex 2: Check the divisblity f 24167 by 12. De l6T 2os6/20034 26) (er (om 24162) 46 (fora 267% 24] fad fom 8943 (fram 34) H (oes 24167) = 20] [0 (rom 203 +2 (oom 20) 4 (fon 24167) ~ 6] [6 (rm #2 (kom 24167) = 25) Since 26 civil hy 13 the saber is aleo divisible by 13. Remarc: Have you txleriond the working? If your atswer if 80, WE suggest you to go through each stzp earfilly, This is very simple at systema cafcultion, Bx 3: Check the divisiility of 6044808 by 13. Som 694 485 8 s9ugDAUI9E2 4x10 = 32 2138-19 OHH = AL aiid 1238 (QUICKER MATH ay ” at9= 18 44116" 39 Since 39 s divisible by 13, the glvon number is divisible by 13. Note : (1) This axethod is applicable for “one-mare” oeculatar only. ‘ie can’t use this mettiod in dhe eae oF 7. (@) Thisisa one-line method end you don’t need to write the calcula during ckams, These ere given mecely to make you understand well 8925: w92-555= 307 857: 86-5x7=51 Since 51 ia divisible by 19, the given number i also divisible by 17. Distlity by 18 ales Any umber which sds by Sand hast ast di (neti) sven or zero) ts disibe by 28, Tx. 1.926568: Digit is maltipl oF nine Ge, ivisibie by 9 and unit ligt (8 even, hance to mumberis divisible by 18. By, 2.273690 : Digitsum ia wolfe of rine and he number exes ero 30 the muroberadivibe by 18 Note: Dosing the caleuation of digt-sum, Rll the method of "orget ane", If you get zeo at the ond of your ceculation, it means the Gigitsem i divisibioby 9. Divisibility by 14 Any number vhich ts divisible by hoth 2 and 7, nals vst ‘by £4. Thats, the number fat dit should be even and at the 2 ‘me the mumiver should be divisible by 7. Divtstblity by 15, Any nuraher which is divisible By both 3 and Sis also diy by iS Divisibtity by 16 2 thatequred R= 198 Mothod H1-The worko finding FCF may sematosesimpied Dy th folowing devise @ Any obvious factoe which {s common to both numbers may be ‘snot etre hele apd. Cae shuld hoover be he to smltiply this factor into the ECE ofthe quotients. © (ii fore ofthe numbers has a prime factor not contained in the eter, ‘tray bo rajctad : (Gi) Atany stage of the work, any fstor ofthe divisor not entained in the dividend mey be rected. Thit s beomuse any factor which divides ely one ofthe two cannot bea portion ofthe required LICR. Ex, Find he ECF of 42237 and 75582, Sola: 42237=9 x 4603 T5582 = 2x9 x 4199 "We may reject 2 which is ot a cornmon fetor toy rue). But 9 isa comution factor. We, therefore, et it aside (by rate i) exd find the HCP of 4199 and 4693, : 4199) 4693(2, i #198. 494,2 QUICKER Mari 454 ia divisible by 2 but 41.99 snot. We, therefore, divide 4 bby 2 and proceed with 267 and $199 (by seit) 247 }4199(17 ir. origina murs 247 «9 = 2223, Note: Irthe HCE of wo numbers be uniy, the musibes mast be Uo each ose To find the HCF of two or more conerete quantities Fis the quuttos should he ceded othe ent unt xc Fad the genes weight hick canbe comiained excl ink 238 gmand3 kg 805m Bain: 1g 235 ge = 1235 ym 3g 430 gm 3430 am, . “The greta! weight zequites isthe HCP of 1235 and 430, whi be found tobe 5 am. HCF of decimals Rule: First ne (necessary) she same member of decimal places tn ail te given nana; the find their HOP ax if they are igre and snark theresa ax ay secimal places a there arin each ofthe nunders Ex. I: Find the HCP of 16.5, 048 and 15, Solo ‘The giver mabe are svat 16 80, 0.45 and 18.00 Step Fit ve Find the ECF of {650,45 and 1500. Which somesty 15, ‘Step H: The required HCP = 0.15 Ex, 2: Find the HCF of 1.7, 0.51 and 0.153, ‘Sola: Step I Firat we find the HCF of 1700, 519 and 183. Whieh comes * to, Step I The requind HCP ~ 0.017 HF of vulgar fractions Def: Tie HICF of sho or more fractions is the highest fretion which x exacily divisidle by each ofthe fraction. : Rule First express the given fractions in thet Towést terms HCE of wumerais Then CT oMy of derominatrs HOF end Lom 5 Note: The HCF ofa number of factions is always « ction (bat dis ‘8 no rae ith LCM). tetraunoncret® 6 42 B Sota: Here Fo fH 7 fons are. ® ang 12. “Tins tie factions are ® 7 and 33 HOF of 660.12, 6 Len of 127,177 17 . 6 Note : We se that ach ofthe mnie perfect evil by 5 {85.2 Find ho rene! engtthatis contained ancractmumboroftines Lin ana seth and tm ACE 3B 2 4 Te ene gh wet Heo a Hor of Tend 87 _ Tow of Zand." 7 na 93 Sola: Zana 83 «te rye « be Miscellaucous Examptes on HCE researc pent a yl ie 210 38106 ave nna Goa rope? som: Se ee recs wee ied es Tuva he ack sty Sey oe io Sa bee, nee ts pene al Sue eee stead ibe eae ta 2 Wh ste pat numba ine ie 3 4F and 2 oe hdr and reso? ‘Sola : The required greatest number will be the HCF of (38 - 2}, (45-2) meh arie weal on x. 3: Tht gs ser tio wi ie 1,751 0 rlene ema Fach sath nel Pl wees HEP (410-051 7d oe . fare /F ane Lem 2 QUICKER tA fo find the LCM of two or more given numbers fethod I: Method of Pete Factors Rule: Resobie the given numbers into their prime factors end then find the prodtct of de highest power of i he facors that occur in the given ‘Bx, 4: Find the greatest nzanber which ie such that when 76, 15] and: are divided by it, the cemainders are all alike, Find also ‘common renainder ‘Solu : Let be the remainder, then the numbers (#6 k), (151 «X) anillumbera. The product will be the LCM. (225 =k) are exactly divisibte by the required number. Now, “MP Ex 1: Find the LCM of 8,12, 15, and 21. Iknow that if two numbers are divisible bya certain number, Bole: 8=2%22=2° their difeience is also civiiale by that ruraber. Hence, ‘umbers (151 -B) (76 -}), 226 ~B) - (151 -E) and @26 (96-4) 0175, 75 and 150 ae divisible by the veered nuniver. ‘Therefore, the repired nurabor= HGF of 75, 75 and 150 ~7 And the rerainder willbe found ater dividing 76 by 75.8 Ex.S: Themumbers £1284 and 7655, when divided by a cers ofthree digits leave these remainder Findthet ember of Sait. A Sola : Tag requitedrurmber must be a factor of (11284 - 7655} 0¢ 2 Now, 3620% 19 x 191 ~ 191s the required number. Ex 6: The product of to uumbessis 7168 and their ICR is 16; Sa rumbers. Soln: The numbers must be multiples of hair BCE. So, lot he ra ‘be 16a and 16> Here a and aretwo number pre cach $68 x 165 = 7168 oF, ab= 28 ‘Now, the pats of nambers whose productis 28 arc 28,15 14, ia 14 end 2 which are not prime to each oer should be rejected. Hence, the required numbers are 28 16, 1316; 7 x 16,4 1 0,448, 16; 112, 64 12=2x2x322x3 Here, the pit factors tha occur inte given numbers are 2, 4,5 and 7 and their kighest powers are respectively 2, 5,5 and 7. Hence, the regued LOM = 2 3354 7= 840 Bx 2: Find Uo LCM of 18,24, 60 aad 150. Soln 18=2x3x3-243" 24a 222x392 23 Om 2x2x3x SmI SKS 15002 35x $-2x 9S ere the pie factors that pun the ven numbers ce, ‘Sand 5, and their highest powers we2*, and 3 reopeatively Hence, he required LOM = 25x 38x 3 = 1800, Note: The LCM of to munbers wish are prin to each oke i he prodect. “Phas, the LCM of 15 and 178 15 x 17 255, ‘Method I: The LCM of soveal small mbes canbe easly found by Be fellowing rule: ‘Wate dowa the givon umber in a Ine separating theme by conunas. Divide by anyone of ie prime numbers 2.3.5.7 wid ill exactly divi at leas ay two of the given mombers. Set dvi the ‘goters andthe undivided numbers inane below the st. Repeat the proces until yu: getline of eumbess which ae prime to one aot. ‘Te pret ofall divisors an che musts i the last Ine willbe the required LOM, ‘Note: To simplify the work, we may cance! aay sage of te proces, ‘any one of the numbers which i flo of iy oer number in the same ine, ‘Common uldiple: A common multiple of two ot more numbers is nursber which s exactly divisible by each of them, Ths, 30 isc mulpte of2, 3, 5,6, 10 and 15, ‘Loast common multiple (LOM)-"The LCM af two or more ‘aumnbers tho least aambor which is exactly divisble by cach oft ‘Tins, 15 isa common mulapie of 3 ads. 30 is 2 cormmon meltiple of 3 and 5. 45is2 common multpleof$and 5. But 15 isthe least common maultiple (LOM) of 3 and 5.o QUICKER MATHS #6, 34, 135, 75 1% 45, 25 6 15, 25 BRS c-tho required LOM 2.x 3 x3 526% 5=2700 Taline(1, Hand I5.re the factorwoF 10K and 90 respectively, therefve, 12 ord 15 are stwsk of, te ine £2), 45 ia taetr of 135, therefore 49 Js stuck. off Im line (3s a fastor of 6, therefore 3 is struck off Ute product of to wumisers is equel tote riluct of their HCT For example: TheLCM and HC of and 15 re 6band 3 respectively. Multinfeatian of to mumboes = 12 « 15 = [80 HCP x 1.CM = 3 60= 180 “Thus, see Mas the produet oF two murabers is equal 1 the producto tele LCM ané HCE. LOM of decionals Rules Fest maake (if vecesnory) the same number of decimal places it ail the sven nections; then find their LCM asf they were integers, and snark: in she rest as many devia places as there are in each of the bers. Ex. Find the LOM of 0.6, 96and 0.36, Sola: The given menibers ace equivalent to 0.60, 9.60 and 0.36. "Now, ind the LCM of 69, 960 and 36. Whick is equal t 2480, fhe toquired CCM = 28.80 LCM of fractions The ECM ef roo or more fractions is the feast fraction or integer witch i exact divisible by Bach of hem. [Rute Fest express the fractions in their lowest terms, them ayy = LEM afnumereor HOM ch of denominator HOF ana Lot ss ix. 1: Fing the LCM oF 1S yy 108 Moe Danse 1) The coquired Lom = LOM Son 3 HC sf and 108 we ny 8 at a2 ans "15° "35 = 35 a Thus the factonsare 2, $2 ane LM of 36,42 ar TICE of 135,38 ,38 o glen rn 2 34 2t rus. he fatins sve Thus. ihe ations eZ 3 ma 2 dhe rated Lem = LOM of 9,3 and 21 63, F of Z,1, 7 ‘he required LCM = L fo NNole: in Ex 1 (we see that the LOM ofnetions isan integer. Thus, ‘wemay conclude thal LOM of estan iy bea ttn oe ieseger, Miscellaneous Examples on LCM Ha The ZCM of uo numbers is 2078 and their HCF is 27. onc of the oumbers is 188, fd the other Lea x 2079 First number” 189 Soles The required name: =297 2s Find the feast nummer whic, whon divided by 18, 24, 29 and 42, ‘vill leave in each eas tie satne rennander 1 Solo: Cleary, the roqsized member must be preter than the LOM of 13, 24,20 and 42 bp 1. Now te= 2 3? Daa? «3 30=2e 3x5 4222347 Lom=3? «2x 5x 7-250 © the required nuniber = 25204125216 . QUIGKER MATHS 1EX3, What isthe lust aomber which, when divided by 52, leaves 33 a5, tie zemainder, aad whom divided by 78 leaves $9, and when divided by {17 Teaves 96 as he respective remainders? Solu: Since $2 -38= 19,78 -39= 19, 117-98 = 19 “We see that the remainder in cach oases ess than the divisor bay 19. Honee, if 191s added t Ue soquired'mumber,isbocomes exactly divisible by 32,78 and 117. Therefore, he required nantber is 19 Yess es LOM of 52, 78 and 117. 1 LOM of 52,78 and 117 ~ 468 the reer numer = 468 -19 = 44 “Exc: Find the greatest moraber of six digits which, on being dived by 5,7,8, Dang 10,leave5-4,5,6, Jan 8 as remainders respectively, Soln: The TEM Of6,?, 8,9 and 10=2520 “The greveet tahoe of 6 digits = 999909 ‘Dividing 996999 by 2520, weet 2079 as yemainder Hence; the Gigi carsher divisible by 2520 is (059909 - 2070}, or 997920. Since 6-4=2,7-5—2, 8-G=2, 9-772,10-8~2, tho ‘remainder in each oases Jess than the divisor by 2, the cequived cumivet = 997020 -2 997918 ox: Fld tho pretest nuusber lass than 900, whic icivisible by 8, 2) and 28, Solw: Tho least umber evisible by 8.12 ond 24 is 168. Clearly, any} multiple of 168 wil be exactly divisible by each ofthe anne E12 and 28, But since the requires number isnot to exceed 9, Wis 368» S= 840, [Ex 6: Fie thy knot ruzaber which, upon being divided by 2,3. 4, leaves im each ces ¢remaindsro 1, bot when divided by 7 eave re reminder. Solu: Ths LCM of 3, 3,45, 6= 60 the eqied amber must he 60K +1, wires apotivessteger, = 1x8 HEH Okt GEL iow, tis muruber i tbe divisiile by 7. Whatever may the value of, the portion (7 Sk) ssalways divisible by 7.1 tee must choose that Teest value of K which i) make 4& + Sivisble by 7 Piling k= 1, 2, 3.4, Sete. n succession we fi that k shoul be S ‘the romped number = 6Uk + 168% $41 = 301 Notes ‘the abave exaraple could al be worded ax follows. A pers ‘kada number ofloys idisteltuteamong cites. Ait ho gov HOF and Lon o 2 toys to eae hil, then 3, thea 4 shen 5, sn 6 but was aways {ef with one. On trying 7 be al none Tet, What is the satel fume of ty that he could have bal? ‘What least ruuroer must be eublracte’ fiom 1936 so thot the ‘eamzinder aiken vided by 9, 10, 15 val leave tn each cas the ‘same remainder 7? Sola: The LCM aT, 10 and 15= 99 (On dividing 936 by 90, the cemainder ut 7 tsaleo spac of is remainder the reine umber =46.-7 = 38 ‘Ex. 8: What gestesl number can be subtracted frm 10,000 90 that he remainder may be diviible by 32, 36, 68 and 547 Solu; LCM of 32, 36, 48, 54 S64 ihe reguited reset umber = 10,000 - 864 = 9,136 ‘ex. 9 What is the leact multiple 37, which wen divided by 2534 5 ued 6, feaves the remands 4,2, 3,4, 5 respectively? 45,660 nce divisible by 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 are 60, where K isa kx. Since 2-1=1,3-2= 14-351, 5-4= Sand 6-3= Le cemaindet in each case io leas than the divistr by 1 be requinad mambo 00k T= 889 | ED) [Now this number iso be divisible by 7, Whatever may be the value of k the partion 7 Sk is always divisible by 7. Hence, we must “Shouse the least vale fe which will make (3) divisible 7-Patins feoqui ia 12,3, ee, in anocassion, we find that k sul be 2 the required narnber = Uk A= 60> 2-1 = 119 EXERCISIS {What the gresiest number tar il dvide 2920 ond 3250 and wil Lae ‘seavairaes 7 ond 1 respectively” ‘zwinat isthe feat nuraber by which $23 matt be milled in ardor to ‘produce a mltipe of 715.2 43, he LCM of two sumbers i 2310 and fheic HC & 20. Tone ofthe numbers ia 7% M0 find the oer nur. 4.Tinve belle commence tolling togeer an they tll alee 025, 0.1 and ‘0125 seconds After what terval wil hey agen tl togetner ? '5, Wout i ic smallest sum of momey Which eonamns Rs 2.50, Rs 2, Rs 4.20 and Rs 7.30 ?2 ‘Quickes waTHS: {6 What is the greatest number whish will divide 410, 751 ad 1980 soa ‘leave the remainder 7 in each cane? vat he HC ana LCM of, $ awe ‘8. Three men str! together to travel the sume way around a circular tack Of kr, Theirspeedsare , 55 und Slonper hour respectively, When. will they meet a the string pint? 9. Find the smallst wile namiber which is exactly divisible by Voy gh glee al Tye ps 2p 35 ane sb 10. Howe many ties isthe HCP of 6, 36,72 snd 24 contained in their 10M? 1, Find she eat equare number which s exactly divisible by 5, 6,15 auc 18, 12, Finn tho least sumer which, when divided by 8,12 and 16, eves 3 es ‘he reanainderin cach case bat when divided hy leaves no remainder 13, Find the greatest nae iat wil divide 55, 127 end 17590 98 leave ihe see remainder jn each ese 14. Find ha leastruitipl of 1 which, whendividedby8, and 16 lemver 3 ae remainder. 1S. What Feast eueber should be ade lo 3800 tothe it exec dvisibe ‘by 42, 49, $6 and 63 ? 16.Find te Iastmumberwhict, when divided by 72, 80nd 8, leaves the rermaaders 52, 60 and 68 respectively. 117.Piod th pretest mimber of 4 digits which, when divided by 23,4, Gand , should leave remainder in each case, 18, Find te greats possible length which ean de sed o messure exactly ‘he gt Fe, 3m 8Sex, 2m 955m. 19, Find the least name of agrees required to pave she eating of tal Sin om long. end San 2 er broed 120, Whats the anges nse which divides 72, 147 and 2520 leave the sao remainder im each ease 7 The traffic Highs tne differentrosdcsssings change afer every 48 se, 72 see, and TOR se. respectively. If thoy all change simultane ‘ously at 20:0 hes, hen at what time wil hey again ekango mans weouoly ? 22. The CF and LCM attwoncbecs ae 44 rd 264 respocivey the st sumer is dvded by 2, he quotients, Whats the oer amber? Hor aatcm % 2 Theos 0 mts 12160 lh HCP 2 Fd he pouvoir UsFodlbepetstambere?agisande namie 5 tat al Hc 28 Fete et br fo wi 12, 19,20 4a be shar, ccna eet unk te 24 Fee ont nr tat esd 8s ey 3,36 oan 27. The sof wo sumer nd ei HOF. ype Foshan ome 2h Ina hal 01 bean sve on died Ge get pombe clsea tt hc oye ne eas Ghee ofits Wars ticronerocees? 2 ep tie Tn wept a a her MCE ye ee Sa 12205 7a rim enh fe Bia csrumberm tebe fr toner, ‘odd yi Palewe'n exh eso some e 12. Fid eso 0a 0 ach we iy seatelty oan (a) it Jeaves no remainders and Site ronete geese Solutions (Hints) 1 The greatest aucia number will be the HCE. es Risatesroen ms-seines ‘ty aul Scan eof rd. 5085 de ‘Sree te too ge three eae“ $.Mereaed nmber 22072039 4. Thy wil laser te fing he LOM oF Basa laces Oa LeMoro25 0 ania 25 = C0250 10 ay 125) x 0001 ‘i001 03 9m Le oF25 20184 75}x 00 ten ve (2930-7) and 250-11), 8. LCM of 25,20, 12.and 7:80 QUICKER Mat 6 The tequred umber wl be the HCE of (410-73 251-7), (1080 teat, “qevtcy = MCE of Mumemtos 1, % LCM of Deneminators 30 LCM ef Numessors —_ 140 TOM=fcR af Denorsinaters ~~ 140 8m ke y emia aire ration dint 2 ha reapenivety 23s 2 gg Me, LOM of 112,11 2 LM org amg" create 1 72 they will met afer 2 hs, 9. The tequired smallest number ~ LCM ofthe given auribers 10, HOF of 48,36, 72,24=12; LCM of 4%, 36,72, 24= 144 LCM~ 12x HCE TI. LOM of, 5, 6,15, 18~ 180, which is exactly divisible bythe gh sober. q ‘he roquted tumor = 9, | Note: This sa hit-and-rial method. Try solve by the detailed method, 15, LOM of 42,49, 56,63 ~ 3828; therefor, the required leas: umber = 3528-3500= 28 16, 72 -$2=20, 80-6020, 88-68 20: We see that in cach one, the remainder i ess than the divisor by 20. The LEM of 72, 80 and 8 7920, therefore, the requited number = 7920 -20= 7900 7. Tho greatest nuiber of 4 digits =9999 LOM of2, 3.4, 5,6,7= 420 ‘On diving 999 by 420, we get 399 as reminder. the greatest aneber of digits which is divisible by 2,3, 4, 5,6 and 7= 9999 -339 = 9660 4 the requited namber= 9660-* 1= 9661, 38, The required length = HCE of 7m, 3.85m and 12.95, "(ICE 0f 70, 385, 1285) x.01m =33 x 01m=0.35m=35 om 19, Side ofeach te= HER of 1817 and 902~41 ex, ‘Avea ofeach ile—A1 <4 ex? ee nerober of tikes SITs 902, 41x41 Solveasin Ex. 13. “The required urher = FICE of (147-77), (282-147) end (252-77) HOF of 70,105, 175 ~ 38, M1, LCM of 48, 72,168 = 432 ‘Tee te gs wl tage stanly fe 82 ond ofa. Wse03. ‘hoy wil age simtancously a 6:27-12 22. The fast namber= 2% 44= 88 s Thesevond: HCE LCM _ 45 264 a co 23, HCE Wo=22x3x5x5—28 Hx 5 Thereficef LED it maiplod by $ (160 «5 ~ 90) then ‘er wil bea paet square a well x dvb y 4,5, 6,15 and 1, 12, Th least utr Wich, when divide by 8, 12 and To, leaves 3 vemsinder “ECM of, 12, 16)4+3 = 484 3=51 ‘Otter such ounvess are 48 243 = 99, 482-49 = 147, the required number which is divisible by 7is 47 "Note: This is hitand-ial method. Can you ge he answer by defined method? (5 Ex. 6). 13. Letx be the remainder, then the niobers (553), (127) an (15.3 > a onacty vise by De gure ner, ‘Now weknow tt iftwo ners are vin y acartain um (hen hei dtferene ists iviaboby the number, Hence (G2F-x)- (55x), (115) (127) and (1753) «(55 0, 72,48 120 are dvs bythe requed ruber. HCF of, 72 and 1202 therefore the equed numer = 24 ‘Note: Find the HCH of tho positive differences of mnabs. tw yoor purpose quickly. 14.1.CM of 6 12 end 16 ~ 48, Such numbers or 68% 1-3) =51, (08 243) 99, whichis dvabe by 4 2. “Then let he mumbai be 12s and [2y. P Now 12x x 12y=2160 . = xy= 1S, Possible values of x and y ave (145); Ch 35,3): (15, 1) possible pita ofmumbers. (12, 180) and (26, 60) ‘Taofeuired mubece should azlples of LH, Weave the gretest anes igs 9998.0 Ovid 5999 by 14, we ge CS ase remainder. the required greatest umber of digits = 9999 - 63 = 9936 ‘Again, we have the leas numberof digs ~ 1000062 QUICKER MATH: ‘On dividing 10,000 by 144, we get 64 as the remainder, “, the required least number of 5 digits = 10,000 + (144-64) = 10,08 25. The required number = LCM of i2, 18, 32, 40 = 1440 26. LCM of 32, 36 and 40 = 1440, therefore, the required number = 1440-8 = 1432 27, Let the numbers be 33a and 33b. Now, 33a + 33b = 528 or, 33 (atb) = 528 oatb=16. The possible values ofa and b are (1, 15}; (2, 14); (3, 13; 4, 12); (S, 11); (6, 19); (7, 9); and {8, 8). Of these-the pairs of numbers that are prime to each other are (1, 15}: 3, 13) 6, 11}.and-(7, 9). -’. the possible pairs of numbers aré (33, 495); 9, 429); (165, 363); (231, 297) 28. Number of classes = HCF of 391 and 323 =17 29. if two numbers are divisthie by a certain aurnber, then their sum. ig aiso divisible by that number. According to this tule: if 15-is the HCF of two parts of L000, then, 1000 must be divisible by 15. Buritis tot so, Therefore, itis notpossible to divide 1000 inte two parts such that theit HCF may be 15. 30. Ifthe numbers are prime to each other, then their HCF should be unity. Conversely, if their HCF is unity, the numbers are prime to each other, In this ease, the HCF is 1, so they are prime to each other. 31.LCM of 9, 11 and 13 = 1287 ‘Therefore, the number which, after being divided ‘by 9, 11 and 13, leaves in cach case the same remainder 6 = 1287 + 6 = 1293 +, the required least number = 1294 - 1293 = 1, 32. The LCM ef 6, 9 and 12 = 36 (a) Multiples of 36 which lie between 300 ahd 400 are 324, 360 and 396. -. the required sum = 324 + 360+ 396 = 1080 ()) Here the remainder is 4 in cach case So, the nutnbers are (324 + 4) =) 328 and (360 + 4 =) 364. (The no. 396 + 4 = 400 does not lie between 300 and 400 go it is not acceptable.) * the required sum = 328 +364 = 692.Fractions Tf any unit be divided into any number of equal parts, one or more of these parts is called a fraction of the unit. The fractions one-fifth, 2.43 two-fifths, three-fourths are written ad's, 2 and 4 respectively. The lower number, which indicates the number of equal parts into which the unit is divided, is called denominator. The upper number, which indicates the number of parts taken to form the fraction, is called the numerator. The numerator arid the denominator of a fraction are called its ierms. Note: 1. A fraction is unity when its numerator and denominator are equal. 2. A fraction is equal to zero when its numerator alone is zero. The denominator of a fraction is always assured to be non-zero, 3. A fraction is alsa called a rational number. 4, The value of fraction is not altered by multiplying or dividing the numerator and the denominator by the same number. Pere = 225 284 MS Ens 7 344 5, When the numerator and the denominater of a fraction have no commen factor, the fraction is said te be in its lowest terms. Ext 15 _ ax 5 20 4x5 The numerator and the denominator have a.common facter 5, & is not in its lowest terms. If we cancel out 5 by dividing both the mmerator and the denominator by 3, we get >, which has no common tor. Hence 4 3 is the fraction = in its lowest terms. - When a fraction is reduced in tts lowest terms, its numerator denominator are prime to each other Le. they have no common fOr. 6. Ifthe numerator and the denominatorare large numbers, orif their on factors catmot be guessed easily, we may find their HCF. After dividing the terms by their HCF, the fraction is reduced lo its lowest term.cy (QUICKER MATIN Fractons me 8 0 se 2S «no otass6s an 75104 $508 oB BB km hed . 5 Now, 385055, _ 385056 + $8008 _ 7 ‘Fractigas in which the donominators are differcat ate cai “T5104 ~ 715104'+ 55008 13 se, niniloneton bea tematic conon 7 Aniniger canbe expressed faction with any denomina ‘wo wont For compe it'we wtf oxpres 23 84 foetion uonsnator ie 17 she proces wl bea follows: Sota samp: am fs 08 aad ‘Bx. As Find the som of) we Se ey Sali: «) AU the fractions are in their lowest terms, nH, BL Se os aye + U2s3)x2 4 (22% rope faction: A proper fnion one whoseimosrivteshl Yon, Ye Fs Rallt=DaL (OSH the denominator. 2 am Osea Bgl Focexample:, 17, 21 are proper actions The also foe Note :Studentashouldnstwzitettestep P2s2x1+ G2 DI + (Bead @ fon spat ha. Ingres acon! whore mere ep oc: than the denominator is calfed an improper fraction. Forename 12,2, 1 mpopeactn ‘hoa ofan inoperative i 00 Tusa te dove monly. yt teduce the piven actions eto shir owes tens Was 3, 25 38 SS Joo." 4 te 1 a5 ~ 18 ‘Now, sige the ction ino mined nabs 52h Bib, Bead a7 late > “ie * 1s 1s 5 ya “Tog the giver expresso bgcomen AE 1g yg ‘Now, a al ie whole numbers together andl he actions oe 1 +, consist oF a whole number and a proper faction, iti called om stove cxamples 12, 12 and 32 ae mi ber In th above cramples 12, 12 and 3? armed eee — Fractions inwhich ihe denominators are powensof KO areccall Bye rhy rh scesne(te beige 1 a7 3 9 at he ths 2 70 ila ag tis 52 decimal fractionseg 2,73 9 Ms 8 0° 1010F Tor wg SES ED Fractions in which the dagominators are the same arv cal v0 ike fractions. - ih i oe i re wie PIT IF Inthe the to ving hee etn was preatnt.6 oueKER Man aad bie 5 Day * 8x og 108 «91 a saa 08 su Asay 4 oe Sm aes 6 6 ases whe4 LOM oF 912,16, 8=144 Z_M BOT ee? ete ano ig | aR Bag i _ 29 isn 79 Ta” ad 22+ MA 18H = 195" 297 0 22 1 1 wee ayd ao 7 2 45" 75 ote 2 j35 x a Z Change the mined action into an mpropet Satin. ‘The the expression Becomes By gs, He 2 ax Zas05 5 6 SB 1s aicksor= S45 8, 1 D105 6° 6% Or a 3 ae 205 49 sets rz - 28, 887+ 1 = TO =a, On ftheintogralpartoftbentiesnuruber beg cater than thedivier, ‘we proceed a3 follows: * ° ‘4 i 1 SRF + 2S]a 1g eae BS, dou (x6 4) wart B34 , ma" 5 = 3 : Fractions oa 1 $e eminnteriptety sey desiree mae ea. ietoinctngng es sie rion Aan od nfea iran ne ioe eh Hee ni !s 2 yl geist pete uy ; Soln "Te divide ration by a fection, eutiply the fection by the revinudat ofthe dvison” 1) Bist change the mixed numbet into an improper faction, Then snokply the Faction bythe reciprocal ofthe iso, 90, 108 98, BN SS _ AT Bin 72" Tos Ge w 3S potent Baka E Compound Fractions +A faction of ration i called o coisa factor : 3 bed add 3 ‘hn of Sisacomomnttacuon ant bof Ba be $5 Combined Operations _ te “th semsyng etonsivelting virus igs and otk the folowing pons souls remembored. The operat of ater and evo shold we perro elec ttoc of aon and sable. (aemckotthe signs or ssid be pple nly the umber whe inmadity bows. 4 2,B « s*i2 3 4 4,0,5.2 m2 nya 7 a 4, Wht _ 1s Beas rc) (4) The operations within brackets are fo be cared oui rst. ge {G4) The file of 'BODMAS" is applied for sombined operatfs avers cst pitt ommeiteee cen So 8 12 Za 8 245 B0 FFs gry Me omer facton, 7 9 4°73 1,2 I (ip 23 ! Or 275 7 i % Ea ‘or, mulipty the numerator and denominator by the LCM of denominators 2,3, 4, 9 namely 36, V2 sy. 3 ! thu BRT 244 gd DEM Bay 2 Le 2s 789 375 tg Note: Th second met work vicky 0 we suggest hat you aoe this met. Sola: witha (Continued Fractions: Fretions that coatain an addtional faction in ‘he (ammerator or the) denominator are called continued fraction, Fractions ofthe form (}4 + —1—~ or se called eontinued facts Rule: Zo simply a continued fraction, begin at the bottom and work pears Bx. 1: Simplify 2+7 QUICKER MAT = 8 2+5 ix 2 Simplify: § + — + T Sip Sola 54 be 1 ase BE a [Note No shortout method has been derived for solving these question ‘But you can solve ttese questions more quickly by () more mental esloutations; ane (i) skipping the steps. Miscellaneous Solved Examples on Fractions fbx.i: One-quatr of one-sevent ofa ln is a0 he Rs 20,000, Wh isthe value of an eight hiy-fifths of fend? i ‘Soin : One-giarter of ane severth: TR Now, des nde =R62060 1 Softee witcan 2222 Saearsoeee | tec olingcatota pase} ocx isu eK 740, Wan i hep cosa Bt 7 shins Ar king or Lott cx pe ome wit coats. Now of nye « was, Nowy ot $780 e pena740 4 LRA tt es sum of maney increase by its soventh part amounts to Re 40, Find the sum, s soass + 1.409 Songios sR Fractions n Bx. 4: A tain stars full of pussengers. At the ft station, it drops ‘onc-ehil ofthese and takes in 96. more. AL the ex, it draps one-half ‘ofthe new tts] and takes in 12 more, On reaching the asx tation, ticze fre foute fo be 243 left, With how many passengers di thestain start? Salm: La the tai start with “after dropping one third and taking in 96 passengers, the un bas X45 = a gat 288 E496 = +96 pasengers= 73 pom desman atten trae pans 2 ow, HABE pa ce “ments a ‘Ex. 5; Determine the missing figures (donoted by sta) in Gx following. Selman asin connor oer a ee oepend Gigs pT Nee sein (Sc eto) oni (+ tan isin Het eats tc ye agp of Be a ‘Sovauniermites Thea en daw : ox3 0 ad oo Fe BH FG Hence the mits digits are 7 and 4. a 452 TA Nee ‘The denowinstor inthe frat maxed umber ard denominator in Ge third iced umber are insxtcs, which must be amsliple of 17, "That, the equation becomes wheat a The LA) yy tt «oleae vie a since A < &, dy wilborw 1 fom 4n ‘QUICKER MATH 4 ad oad. fh Te EXE! 1 Which ne oft tsa tt acon? 6 3 1S 9S Wris' awe 2. What smallest fraction shoul be ade to Seok tos 4 74 tomberte uma wbolemunber? A. Wat mest he sisted fom ean of 192 4, oho ‘smn ante nec A Pil beoatestasonwishwtensisho2 Be a a a hole number 5. Find oucthe missing aures (denoted by ean the Fllowing eutions, ‘he facauns being given indir loos rms: Dade gt aby eet Ore = ag 6 Ate: oe ong sina Siren ine 90 ‘ 5 ‘ saya, while afar ovehavlng,teequies$heur service ime every 129 ‘days, What action ofthe pre-overhuuling service time is saved in the later eae” Fractions n Solution (Hints) 1. Out ofthe frst two frations, we see that eis smaller value 5 5 nz ads = aa QuicKeR Ma 2, 0 + Ue roquized fnction Bote al 5 pst DS; x My = Meg Decimal Fractions Decimal Fraction : Fraction in which die denominators we powers of 10 ace called devisalseactions 3 21a one tZ a as eam: 35> 76 ens cing x desta : in eadnga decimal, th diss ate namaed inorder rent Pies 4s ig ead a8 2270 point (or decimal) four five, ven, Ss Decimal places: Tae murberof ences which low te deci point 6.LOM of 90 and 120 = 360 Pied the number of decimal places. Tua, L432 has tee decimal Soin 260 days, tes proven eve time =. 200 = 10 jy fm PEE SHEE Owe eal ples, Inbrervioe ime= 6 "59 5 Converting a decimal into a vulgar fraction and after overhang the service sae Sirs Rule: rte cn the given number tou tie decal poi, forthe ; * Fa Thana, on for he anomanstor write fold By 68 may ros ‘Time saved = 10 5S tay ‘as many ate there figures after the decimia! potnt. 326 Ta 1: Rotuce the following éecial value ito the vulgae Factions 2063 .0}0.0032 «3.013 ) Solm: Step I: 9x 12= 108 ‘Step: As tote is one decimal place in maliplioand, the product| should also have oly ono decimal place. So, ans = 10,8, Has (i) 000 1267 Soin: Step: 9x 12= 108 Step LAs there are three decimal places in the mutiphicand, the ‘product should also have thee docimst places, So, ans = 0.108 Ex. (i).00000 « 12=7 Sole ecimel Frectons 7 Step 1: As dere at five docnul places it the muhiplican, the duct shou als have five decimal places, So, we pein two zeros to Bele anger = Ans =000108 ‘UT: To multiply @ decimal by a decimal ale: Matty aie nogor, and ia the product markas many decimal plas ar aren ceo ce pi the aiid togcther, drasag zero, necessary. Ex (61x 07-7 Soin Sep: 61 «7 =427 Stop lt As hire re (242°) 4 dosial places nthe mtpier and the multipicané topsibey,theprodctsholdalso have 4 esimal locas. But there aro any three digit tho product; ao we prelix ane Ze ‘the product before placing the decimal. So, the answer = 0.0427 bass x 024=7 Soin: Sep 1: 2325 24 = Son80 ‘Step I: Thete should be (442)6 decimal places inthe product, Thus, ansver= 0.056220 ~ 0.05628 Division of Decimals 1s When the visors 1,100, 100, ee, ale To idea dsinal by 1, 200, 000 et, move te decimal point 1 dete places tte lef respectively. Tus (a638- 10=4638 (4309 = 200008300 {iano 098+ 19906 =2.0000008 (fiv)234.789 + 1900000 = 9.000224789 (7) 5.08 + 10900000 9000000308 2s Whig thedivtior tsa decimal fraction . Rule: Afove re decal poo as manyplaces to the right in both ie divisor and dividend as wll mak the dviora whole mamber, ame terart the ddend f ecestary. Divide sipledson an when poutakea figure from the decimal part (any) of the dividend so altered, Set down the decimal pani he uot : Basso veg 225; = SH sora as oss 3230 _ OO peor7 = “Tr .ns QUICKER MATH ‘Recurring Decimals ‘A decimal in which figure or set’ of figures is rep contiually is called a recurring or perfodic or clrenlating declin "The repeated figures or eet of Squres is alla the perlod ofthe deeSal For example: (1), 5= 0.333 oy Neoguasnuntsrisnsr Questions Which of he lowing vga fatons wil produc ecu ting deta aetions? ve pe D2 py 92 oS ot o2 gh- Ys O95 ie Oe Oe OG Dae Sot: ete ofan owe oe 0 we 50" 25” oF Syme hese lg Sein it prasad og ecating is expressed by puting aber (or dot) onthe st sepeating numbers. So, inthe above examples (0383... 05 (6r,03) (0) 0.342857. 142857 = 0 TEREST (or, 0.142857) 0.2057 (or, 02938) Pare Recurring Decal: A decimal action n which ll the igure ater the decimal point are repeated is called a pure revrting dosinal Foresarple, 07257 isa pucrecuring devia ‘ised Recurring Decimal: decimal aston in which ome do nor recur, Sclled a mixed recuniog dcenmal. For exemple: 0259 1s amined recoing docimal Ip example (2) the period i 3, in 2) tie 142857 and in (3) iti 54. 4 fot BF -. Syma hesbove ug Seton wil no price eu ec Noe tifbedgoonimio of aval fooion ni uve rms til 3. 2 1 Meijmadstpostmesor ond ctiesncormiipledtgshorgl 918“ 6 3a The tacton econ ie temnting nul By mo mil ean ina wil bo ode ru @Z= Bava we x gona oea4 : By note 2, a pure reciir will be wo 8 165d eos 2° 2. peeing dei wil be protec fa a Tg” axe 2. pore recurcing decimal is produced by a vulgar freotion in its to -tenms, whose denominator is neither divisible by 2 nor by 5. Pyne Pra mised ecuring desta willbe produce Es? = 08 Wy = 077 es > ons ‘By noc 3, a mixed recurving dina wil bo podned. Tyo eat é 8 Oa and GpZeos Gg - 05 3. A mixed recurting decimal is produced by & vulgar faction in its ‘owest ters, whose denominator egatans powers of 2.0 5 in addisiv] other actor, ons Dy sole 1, no reeuring decimal will be prof.(Case: Pure Recurring Decimals IRale: 4 pure recurring decimal is equal ro a vulgar faction which fe or its umerator the period ofthe decimal, and for ts denorinatot ‘nuniber which has for its digits ax many nines cs there are digit period. [Ex Express the following recutsing decimals into vulgar decimals. a3 WOds 0ST 3) We have 5=.555.., (1) ‘Mattplying both vias by 10, weyet 10x 08=5.55..—. ‘Subtracting (2) fom (2), we got Sein: Directly som the mule, wealsogetthe same result. 3 hasits pot 5,0 the numorstor ia 5. And us there ia only ove digit in the peo, is09teas tee wetvedgisitbepeid. =. An 3 anes psog=52 Dawei tay ae hema of gis in edo «is = BB ‘Try to solve Eixs (b) & (c) by detailed method. Choc aed Repay Decl fae neal raring deca sop gr ration i Inf te meron era teen apie ome the digits to the end of first period, and that formed by the diglts whic do not recur; and for its denominator ike mumber formed by as nines as there are recurring digits, followed by ax many zeras as the ronan rcuray dts Ex.: Express the following as-vulgar fractions. Rrra i [Soln : a) 0.18 = 0,18888 41) 10x O.1B= L.38#8 ——42) an 100 O18 tH =) Sttaacing 2} fom Gh wae 90% 01 Be 38-1 oe Z Also by els mmantor= 181 (lL dgomnbet none ‘ouig-by eon encin New ore Tat Cloud by oe vat an ne bona recs it) 29 ~ Vga atin = BL = O45, Numer = 2019-3 48170 Dnainttr = vine (tere ae te ring iss) falowel ty ete we ne eur ig) 99909 , fon = £8100 4817 2 Vee atin = 5 9g 95.003 5 OO8S= 00 _ 5 9B 90900 ‘9005 Solve Ex, (b} and (e) hy the detailed mth, Addition and Subtraction of Recurring Decimals “Addition and subtraction of recurring decioals ean be under- stand well with the help of given exsmpics. Example: Add and subtract 3.76 and 1.4576. 3.7) 676767 | 67 14 | 576876 | s? 5.2 2ss34a] 24 5.225558 O23 Explanation: Step: We sepavate the expansion of recurring dcimals into throe pert Ta the lef-ride part dere is integral value with non-recumng clocitmal digit. Inthe above ease, 14576 ina 1 a integral partand ‘Fisas aoa-recuiring decizal digit, So, | hasbeen separates stom 14576876576. - ‘Although the fist value does not have any wer-recuring decimal digit Ge. 3.78, both te digits 7 snd 6 ae recurring), ‘we put as many digs in the le-side pert as thers are wom recur- weoint | $0= 23000097_ Step IIL: In the right side part ake two digs. Now add or 2 ‘QuioxeR wan ring digs in the second ve. Tha, we have po 3.7 tele pct Tes veto 37 Step: the dle pa, te mmo isis equa 9 the LO te urbe of recuig eigen ven les, tis the Se vale tan 2 vere ipt aL second vale sce pis so mom pata gs CF? ude with aos aton and eatin Sep No eve te a se uo pt aaron he ile of he tentan The lesile part wl ramen ‘eal You cass te came nt ao ch Verification: roe 97649255 Sand A516 —4 A572 S59 73 gp aml LATO IS = Fg i 76, 4 S872_ 4, 16x 9990 4457 x RIB, + BBL ane ARE eae PpecRS TIE Te 119550 109890 Tose0 wee * 5609990 apn 2816297 | 2870 =5*Fooa59 = 33 ~ 5 Ta8309 ~~ From (1) and (2) iis verified tha our addition is coro. ‘Now, fbr subsretion: 169800 — 4872 99 99 x 90 306 19590 _, 3100188 5900850 She mnts_ 5, 30068 Bi 1x 9090? * a1 x 5559 ros) and (2):tis verified that our exbarction is correct T6111 — 4572 «11 Ux 9950 3100191 —3 39599900 1 ross3= 10 524.785 + 10.193 234+ Bx, 2: Find 324.786 ~ 10.193, Soin: 324.18) O78 10.194 333 [33 siaso| 345 ‘Tus, ans= 314.5955 ‘Veriftention: 224.786 — 10.19 786 «900 16 989% Ses Bx, 3: Find 17S + 0007 Sola: 8 327.8661 38 “Ths, ans = 327.86638 99900 7 Isa 4 BE i799 300 3100207 3 n 2 7 m4 od 559 1 -[e-si 6x 100-274 1D 88 786 900 + 174 5999 999 = 0 . 78600 = 1TH yy , 2788 0 42801298 _ gag oR TE ‘99800 ne 58900 $9285, _ 544295 —99 514 50545 Oam eal Freeone = x4: Find 17.2058 —7 9340 202194 9 Sela: AZNB | 68) 68 20 ao 7.986 | 99 | 99 +g, +0659 863 9.123 f 6s | 69 Another way of caletilation is ‘Thus, ans = 9.12555 waB+ + SS= 240.658 Muttiplication of Recurring Decimals (Cave Aa While ukipiyicg a suring decimal bya nosiplé of 10, sof eepeating di i nt aleed. For example, Becond Method: 1.4.3 « 10 4.030303... 10 = 4020308... = 40305 2317266.. (8653, 2 124.97 x 1000 = 124427427. 1800 = 126897-227 as 3. 0.008799 x 10000 = 6.006379379... x 16000 = 63.79379... B 6.055 ae ‘Case B: While multiplying a recutring decimal by a mumber which 06 not muhiplo of 10, fast ofl, the resin decal schon into the vulgar fraction and then the calculation is done. 06 couple “has, ans = 865 hn. 2536345 7 36403. 7 T2633. (519 a 905 = By iB 117008301, 5 _ 120 | 120006) a BS ts BH ag a 200+ 0.1888..= 2000 18T= 200185 aad 3.29 LBZ © 95980 x LB 27 x 1222 g2R 9 6: ‘The process of division repeals co our quoticut becomes 5.1919... 30° omg *5 ies 5 sam _ S471 2 S21 18 1 x 5S ey 155599 718% 9 ag = proximation and Contraction 4 2 naLsT7 = 2157 Rae: nose tReayfgwrety ly erucceedggure be Sorter Divislon of Recurring Decimals Far'Stanple: (9 The apovimat valve of 3689 up ove dil Case A: When the divisor isa multiple of 10. 15 + 1000.= 6.060006... + 1000 = 0.000060606.. 0000u3 aes 0509. " 1 appoint vale af 3684 upto thee devimal places is 0.368, (ae roninsic vac of0 2085 po thre daha poe 300 {he THe apprenimate value af0.3680 up to two decimal paces is 0 ((v) The approximate value of 0.3468 up to ono decimal place is ©.3. Note: Decimals while are covet ao, 60, Tre places ae sid ebe sonata tie nearest en, nde, thousand especialy. 23645373 10 = 1.645375 (Case Br When the divisor nota mlliple of 10. Bx: (728 52=17% ay boyd sae iipep suited88 Quicker mar Stgnean ngures ‘Tho flowing expe ce goes t exp the mean e tertn significant figures. “ (3) Tha poptiateno n ceti pls 189000 cores othe neseat Mn ete the sumed toe ed and populate issued whe 18 euch is ears ete peat The fare 169, whi gives enum af is, eg oe areas we Sete rer which these again ofthe nis ae sido be sensplse (b) Tue alstance Detywin wo places is 1400 km sonst othe aeare usa em. ha ue ee sitet anc ths vo soos hoe Henican “The slate between paces is L400 im core the nee Tan Teese 140 espn bt ee er ent (2) The length oF a sing is 0.07 cra correct othe 2ed decimal piace, ‘This means 7 she significant figure butte zen a the beginming sf non-significn:. Note: Zeros 2 the beginning of a decimal ate olways non-significant Th, sion Asus ae those witch nan appr asinal ren expres team fica ite nears ae | Contracted addition Rule Sef down the decimals under one another. Ther addin the ui ‘way, taking care tht the last fgure retained be increased by 1 5 uccecding figure be 3 ar greater than 5 [Bx Find the sum of 220.4524, 29,042034, 0085279 and 3412 come (03 decir places. Soin : 520.4301 29,0293 0852. at 1 Hig a2075 Anse 49.825 Remark = 1f you ate assed to get the axiqer cotret to theee decimal hse, then we Hot mece Cs 3 (vo moe) decimal pices Caring Doda Fractions ‘Contracted Subtraction Rule : Write down the subirahend under the minced én the tal way, retaining two places of decimals more than what i required. $x Find 160, 342195 ~ 22. 0048326 corect to four decimal pinoes. Soln: Aa ie ane asked to gal the solution cereetto for doaimal places, ‘we will ute not more tha 6 decimal places ducing our calculation. 160,342195 32000832, 128397368 Anewer= 128.3374 EXERCISES 1. Express the floning decimals a factions in their lowest terms = a)00375 0.00625) 1.008125 2. Simplify: 2) 9.25 +0036-+00075—_b) 34.07 + 0.007 + 0.07 ©)309 +209 + 0.309 +0039 dh 35-7892 + 0.005- wats 9) 0.6 + 0.56 + 1066 -6 606+ 66.16 3. (Remove decimals) . 038% 10 —)0275<10"7 6034 x 19.000 0.132500 53024513 Divide 3) 28.9 by 17 _b) 457263 by 136} 68 by 800 hobby 0008 6) 2.378 by HOOKS — 9.1 by AOD05 390.1 5000 ind the quotiout to ue placos of decimals + 054091 b)a321+077 c)5.002+ 0.00078 6. Siraphfy the followings: 00s 14 di-oorefeax2 wi 95 x 0085 3 D017 x 0.19 Oar of 7S "7. What should come in place of question mark (7) 7 a} 3 DB x D4 f.008 # 300~ 7 by0.25 - 0.9025 0.025 of 2S ©) 0.00053 +0.17 0f30 x 100 =? 908x7= 0.00005a ‘QUICKER maf woo 2 OG a0"? 1138 gg, pT 02-400 VLEET T5625 « 0.0289 «72.9 x 64 248x005 oe 16 mor loR=324 DLT RIL43794974 3.79 03207 4) 921 & 11-54-2032 1154-105 x 11.54=2 YG.278 + 30.237? x 1.27 # 30.277 «125 + (1.23) =9 ma) 23) ~ 4x 237% 09) + 30-3) O.09)- 0.3) =? 8, Stats inetch case whether the equivalent decimals terminating ar ran smenating: Fy Bg lt gies a6 eas oe OTT 6s 9. xpress he flowing ecurring decimals in hei vulgar factions B03 HOT JUD )2a% estos 1 1 ots 5 = 00276 ten wats hewiwoofsapdig 7 11113324 + 145=91 9, then what the vahngof 3328 5 919 42.1545 = 2.24, nan wha isthe vale of 2S 9 224, at nib vo of Po 13.1813 = 2.48, theo what isthe value of VE 14 EV = 54, then what othe vale of 529.16 + Yo.2916 + vBo02a16 + \ODOONIITE 7 15, Wht decimal of sm hour isa second ? 16.16 1.5x=0.05y, then what ie the value of 2= 7 yax 17.{05407+ 0.5403) » 900 18, 03487 + (045 x 03) = Lt og Decal Fractions 30 od Loval2s ~ 1s * Uy 2apO295 — WYM.147 —) 34.398. d) 16.768 0) 60.78 B.ap25x 108 b)279% 10% 34 d).66 «) 2719926 x 10° Aadi7 000254035 ©)0.08 —_ d) 8000 24750) 200 ‘¥)0.00002 $a)0.704 = — 6) 5.6120) 641.803 Ga)88888 602. ¢) 2500 8) 0.008 7.a)0.0243—b) 6.25 3) 0.01 4) 0.00005 0257 #).0.0024 pV _0os 2 aa T5625 x O1RRY = 72.9 x G8 [saan 61 462107 15625 « 289 729 x 64 x 10 1x9 68 ~atxatee 0% 38.725 300 4) Given exprossion = 3.79 (31+ 37 + 32)=3,79 (100) =379 iene 11241221209. foy ISB ena 1 Given expression = (1.27 +123)* = (2.5) = 15.625 a) Given expression (2.3-03)' = 2 = 8 th cou fa alg ison atous ems say ‘oncpt pw aon Sls tae oantakel erie tac cose tata coal ator te = 1) insomnia se is emia fr) eer a Seas w Js terminating since its denominator i made up of0 QUICKERIATHS HE pocinal Fractions 1 powers of § only. 7 7 i 91 Bp? aay oeag Mma enatng since its denominator bas Tors over than 2 and 5 ios ioe a) ME. consent. 1. 18018 =, thr th roqited omen a " Byer eet ae ©) qos 7 5 siting 15g hagn ne Gene) 3.1 37 x s.gor wom=2 16.1550 ° E005 oom = 3 ene: Dy ae cule of componendo-diviendo, we hav, evt00se = 53 - 1038 = rot, yer 15-008 pyee yee ‘OMmOIGIT ” Seip egy? 3618 "This gueston should not be zolved by dated method IC) beerve the following points you wil be able to answer within seco H i Toes saggy Hom hg he decimal econo i S postions eft Soto go he answer from 0.0276 the desinal shoul be moved 5 picersgh. [Note Woot going into details, we can gt the mower, You should a, Bs low hat aaae sae re the equi 93642 {hat oops atBet tg rg “Therefore ie, answer shoeld ala be argor than 0.0276. So, the reqeired ‘Value should be obtained by moving the decimal tothe tight. 11 We have, 13324 = 145 =91.9 or, 13324 + 91.9= 145. ‘Then we have io find 133,24 + 9.19 =? wer divide the whole numberof dividend by or and observe the mumbec of digit iu the whe ‘number of quotient. In this case when 133 is divided by 9 the quot (Gvhole number ) will have 6x0 digits. So, our aaswer shovld have 2digit whole mumber. £. required answer =14 51 Elementary Algebra : . 4 y Algebraic Expressions: A number, including literal numbers, along with the signs of fundamental operations is called an alg¢braic expres- sion. They may be movomials, having otily one term a8, +6x, -3y eto. They could also be binonials, ic having two terms as p? +21, - x.2x ete. They may even be polynomials, i.e. having more than two terms. Addition ‘and Subtraction of Polynomials: Thé sum or difference of coefficients of like tenns is performed. For cxampje, let the two polynomiats be 3a712e-3, Stax, The sum of these two expressions is 5x> +(3x2. ayant) -35 a3 +x°43x-3, The difference between these Iwo is the subtraction of smaller expression from the greater expression ie. Sx'-2x"tx-Gx"}2x-3) = SUK? + x-3K-DK +3 = SOD DH Dx) +3 = Se Se 13, Ex, 1: Find the sum of —15a? + Sab — 667, a? — Sab + 11b?. —Ja2— Iaab— 13h? and 26a" - 16ab — 70" Soln: ; (15s? » aap 6b") + (a? — sab + 116?) +(~7a? — 1Bab ~ 1367) sl + (26a — 16ab — 7b? = {1587 +a? 792 4 26a") + (ab - Sab - 18a - 16ab) ~6b? + 1b? ~ 136? — 767) = 5a? — 36ab — 15b* : ' Ex. 2:1fP=a4 +a? ta? 9, =a? 903-5 + 3aand + ~3a-2a7 +03 Find the value of P+Q+R Sola: P+ O+R= ar ' (tae? tata) a? 2a? 2430 +(8-3a- 207 +03 mala (32a? > a + (a? +a? ~ 28 + Ga - 3a) +C6-2 +8) =a'+G+0+0405a" \ / Remainder Theorem: This theorem represents the velationship be- tween the divisor of the first degree in the fonn (x-a) and the remainder r (x). 'm QUICKER MATHS 1 ax itor ancion of He vided by + a wl tae remand des nots x hen te wezinde ete same a ie orilol exrese witht la ox Inher wos, 10) divided by x~a, the remainder is Ras eg. wet x) =x! 2x7 + 3x - Seeley 2, to verahileris 42) =2) — 20/8 +3(0)-492 , ‘Notes (1) If 0c is divided by x + 4, the remainder is & ayo wate by +6 eeu! (3) 9) eee by x= th remainders (4) The method of finding the reminder is a ll [Punt divisor equal to zero, Like, ifthe divisor is wx +b then b ate-0> x the evita anette 3) ‘Similerly, you can find the othes remainders, 1 en erent en x4 42 4 6x -2 is divided by (x +9). saw dit eaten ete tee re sie as cite B42: Find th semaindr when 27 ~ 92+ 3x Bib dvd by a2 som Septitns 2-0 3-2 Step : Reminder is 3) Gg ne aa $-8-4-2- 82-2, Ex. 3: Ifthe expression Px? + 5x2 —3 and 2x? — 5x + P when divided by Xd leave tho same remainder, find the value of P. Ext Let 0) Elementary Algebra 35 Sola: The remainder ae Ry = fi) = PE? +3? - 364 445 (4) 34) + P= P+ 108 Ex.4:Findheyalsésofpandg whenpa + i2-24-e2potyaoniil anda bearet number. Then ‘he following two resis holt: (UFR) ~ 0 then ea) is etn of. GNF) ia Toto of FG) then fa) =O. Pax din mat Find ot whether (2) and G3) ate fctrs of (0). Sola : (a) To check whether (62) is a facto off) we And F(@) Le, 1.1 benno te (2) a ee fash thio topr Gauteng, £Q)=23- 19x27 4 dd 2 dB tenes, bythe for there 2 ia tc 2) O)Tockecayete (walheortt (0, werepeat he sbove process with £(3), EQ)=3"- 126 34443-4823 Ml) = 43) 40. Te) onata ero,6 ‘QUICKER mar x-2 Findon x= ieafaroF 2) — Se? . sbove rule. Soln: We have, 3x Sua a! inexact divisible by x -a (sheen io or ev) 4.39 — 2? and xa!” are exactly divisible by x-a. ‘Alle above statements ean be proved. We aro going 1 prove only staterants (1)and {5}, You shouldty te prove the remaiting three yourself. (x? +a" is exacly divisible by xb, Putxt4=0 = x= Teen ft) =a) +2" =O “Thinis possible only when mi odd, )x"—a" is exactly divisible yx -a Purg-2n0 = =a ‘Then ita) =e" — 3 ‘This ia tue ins sen, 3: The expression 3° ~ 2 has. factor 13 2)7 3)10 417 3)Noneof hese Boin: 528-25" = a =(25)"- 7" “As we dan'tknow abou, bythe condition (),(25-8)i9a fio, isa factor of 5" — 2", i. 4 The lst digit in the expansion of (1° = 1 when wis any #2 inoger is 12 21 DO 4-1 SpNoacof those Soln: The fst digirin the (4177 for amy value of ia 1.‘Thus the est Aigiin "1 60. o> 3 1Pee= 1 tr othe sen te QQ) 41-2 (3x - L) is a factor of the above expression. Note: (1) We can sce how the factor theorem has bec derived from ie en then x ais factor of i) ipa ctor of @3) G4) 70, when x a.nd xb then Nx) is exactly divisibl bay (xa) (X- B} ies (Xa) and (xb) otha the Factors of (G) tan integral function of two or more variables is equal ‘whou two of these variables are supposed to be equa, then function is exactly divisible by the difference of thes vatib) es. (B= 9, (¢=8) and (@-b) are the factors of ab— op + (6a)? + ofa ~b)° Proof: Put.b= in the given expcesson, ao r0f0~ a4 oo}! =0+ (0-4)? ee-9)°=0 2 ()-€) ina factor ofthe givon expression. Silay, it can shown tate - and ab a the flor ofthe given expres Conditions of Divsibility Lat ais exactly dvb by Ga) only wher ns xk 26.08 +05 isexsetlydvisblebya th 2.x a isnot ena dive by (kta) whenn newen, eg. 0° + iso: exmalycvble by ab. 3. ae never dvb by (=). eg-a’ +47 oral? +b! isnotaiviiblebya-b, 4.3 a is exactly divisible by x +8 when mis evs, 5 5 of isexcilycivistlebyx ta GL- isa factor ot oxaet divisor af 41)" — ("for say “ve integer of 2, Now, when dl - 140 is 2 factor, th last cgi in ‘he expansion ehouis be 0 Find the last nwo digits of the expansion of 2!" ~ 6 when nis ‘any positive itoger. Soin: 25) - (64 = (on — 36" ‘Since 2n isan even integer, the above expression sust be diiee ‘ley (64+ 36) {By condition (4)}. Gonce, 64-+36= 1008 the {actor of the above expression. Hence, the last two digits aF ts expession mast be C0.: i 8 Elementary Algebra ey ‘The procuct of ouiptication of two Tinear polynomials also vena quadratic polynozsial. Lat theta linea polynomials be (bl) and Gx +), wherel > 0, p+ 6. Then the prodact ofthese polynomials is the quadratic polynomial, Ipa? + Og + mp) + mq, This is written in the standard form atax? + bx + ¢, Thon a=Ip, b= C+ mp)and = ma, Factorization of Quadratic Equations : The qualraie polynomiat ax? + bx +e can be factorized only if Garo exist two sumnbera r ~ Ex. 61 Foral integral vslues ofp the expression 7 pR 2|2 io ait Soin 7-3 = PP_ a = oan [By the condition (5), 49 - 27 = 22 is a fuetor of the exprosi eye x. 7: What shoul be subicacted irom 274° = 9x2 6 = 5 t0 ekatly divisible by Gx ~ 1)? ‘Soln: We will find the rervainder by the rule of remainder. OF ee atm 3e-1 =o 5= Cee ee atctncota=lge mp (i) s= 20% pag © covefician of x? x constant Solved Example : Factorize 92 + Thx 5 Solution «@) Here a=2, b= Ll snd c= 5S Gi) Fine two muntecs ands such tbat r+ s=b= 11 and ry s=axgn2x S10 So the members are 1D and 1 (Gi) Now, breale up the middle term 11x ofthe given polynesaial a f0x + ix te? + Ms +5222 + On + 1A t5 (5) + HS) = (ZRH) (eS) Conattions for Factorization of a Quadratic Equation: At) quadratic expressions cannot be factor’zod. To teat whether ean be factoized or not follow the points given below : (itt? - 40> 0, then fe quadratic equation ean be factorized, (@) fb? 4ac <0, then the qusétatic equatis conaot be fectorized, ‘Some important fomaulae that ave used in basi operations ad In finding the factors ofan expressiw. are surnmerized below: 1a? b= (arnyecby Bas by = aP + 2ab +? 3.43)? = a? 200 + bP 1) aft) of) ft ‘Thus, the rerminder is (3) x) - 3) - & te Le2e5—7 : I We reise the given expression ty the reminder (2 ‘ccpossion vil be exactly divisible by tho given divisor. H cur required valve is -7. “Thonrem for Zero of a Polynornial LA) Bay xl pan"? +. + an be a polynor with integral eo-effclonts. Ian integar ke # zoo polyno then Kis factor of ‘Solved Example: Fir all integeal zeros ofthe polynonial, ayes’ 22 eyed, 4 Solution : Suppose (i an integral aco of he polynomial fy). ‘by the above ton, Kiss fir af enh, 4 Hance, poss values of are Il, 2-2 4 and 4 ‘Now. est cack of them 0 a0 whather itis 210 of th polyno er n0t (A= -24 17 4144-4 Siew) ¥ 0,501 ismekaOat’ GED = CAP © 2) G1? + G1) + 4 = 0; Since 1) = 0, the athe 2320 oF 1) Gi) Sandy, 2.2 ad ae not te sof). Ths he 4a = Gry with ‘plea er of i) isl. tae a otis ato of A) S.-W = (o-8) ( aabed, nothings Gab eb! = @4t)' 0b eb) tah —88 = b+ Bubfa-b) Blas b = (ab + ab ‘Quadratic Equations: As equation In which the highest power variuble'ie 2 ie called a quadratic equation, For example, _eauation of the type sx? He + e~ 0 denotes a quacratic equabo quicker war 5.0 bF = sty? Laat e oe Sebo = (orb 4y Qtr ab bee) W@rbre Pe OrNerI EHD V2.2? +b? = (a Hb)? ab BaP steobe vb HA Mfatb+e = Othen the yulue ofa? +b? 46° is Jobe. 1S.x2 x(a + b)+ab = Ge tabtx +b) 18. ab ~ 0) bP ea) +o fa -b)=- (a -W-e)(e-a) B.Gosbag? obs 24 bbe) “Theory of dees: The exresion ofa mean the prov of fo cat oqo‘. Whanen a pstv impor milled te expr fr indox othe power ofa Any quantity raised he power seve always equa tL. Forexangia, a= 1 (wherea £0) We? = (3) = 1.7" =, 000)? 1,e. Whenever any ind ofthe power taken from tho {o denominatar of from the denuminator to numerator, the sign oft changer, vor toe Lavy of lndices: While solving the peoblemsof exponents the fllewi - laws aze nso: (pat xtag eey aa aes A) Kay” = x9" (8 ait nme 16.22(b +6) 4 be +0)+ 6? wt b)+ Sabe=Q@ tb + abt be tea) V7 aba) b6(6 18) Seale a) dade tat Oe +), Bemsrtary aigenra 01 Note: The difference bemicen (2) & (3) can be seen i the fellowing. examples: er) -3 2-79 ey 3P 2 a369 = 3% 39 729227 = 19683 TnallBieabove laws, mand nae positive integers. algebra, the root problems are solved by laws oF indices, for example fa means 0%, 4G masa, a! means FBLC: The highest common factor of two oF more algebraic expres sions be delerined bythe ftlowing methods: 1. By the factor method 2.By the dviton method In-caseof the factor method, et fst the factors ofthe given expressions are Sound seportcly. Then the maxitmurn numer of ene ‘mon factors are taken out and multiplied, the product of which becomes he HCE. “For exaople, we ote asked a fnd the HCE. of 8 (2- 5n+.0) and 12629), we alfa finde asks of ie sven expressions separately. Thus, BO — 5x46) = 42 (6-3) x2 and 12 @2-9)=4 36-3443) “Then the maximum nur of common elemento he two wl ive {ho HCF ofthe expressions. Therefne, HCE —4 (4-3) ~ 4-12 1.G.M The mininnura tiliptied quantities ut of wo ox more ales ‘raic expressions is callod LCM. If only two expressions are given, en at Fist we find ther HICF by the factor method oF by the division method and apply the following formate to find hair 1M, Jon + Pell of the two. expressions LEM of ore expressions Cite to ‘Tims, LCM of 8 62 -Sn-+ 6) and 12 (c>-9) wil be equal to BGC ~ $x 6) x 12 G29) Foon 4G) Gye Forms)we ‘QUICKER MAI =m Gh set0) +3) 24 (x! —Sx? + x + 3x” — Lo + 18) 224 (2498-418) Solving Quadratic Equations: A quadratic ceuation wan solved always give two values of the varuble, These values of ‘avable se called the roots ofthe equation, "Any quaatio equation ca ether be solved bythe factor meth ory formula (By dhe Factor Methd: Whes we suive a cuadetisequstion by fholor method, we fst find the fators of the even eat ‘making the righ-aand sie equal to zero and then by equating factors to er, wo get the values ofthe variable, For example, solving the quadratic equation x? ~Sx-+6=0, We fa ind te factors of 5x +6 which ah 5) ad Then we sy that (e-3)-2) 9 ‘Ae hat, we ake eg brackel puting it equ to 20 nara find the vehies of ie. wheax-3= Opives x= 3 saad wien x-2=0 given =2 ‘Theetre, elton x3 orx=2, (@ By Formulas When we want solvea quadatic equation axl be +¢=6, we apply te folowing ommila bE WP dao 2 “Taking + and sigs spomtly, wget two values of 1 ‘quantity ac is called the discriminant, ‘The two v2lues of fom a quadketie equation aie called the roots of the equation. roots are denoted hy @.and Bs It is seen thar the sum of the roots o auideteeqton ax? ote ve=0i ens 2 hese eB and procuct of te rot is equal to Se, « B Fora quale equation ax? +bx +60, () The roots wile equal i>? = 43, (The roots willbe equal and cea C9? > dus, (i) The coos will be unequal and. untesd ib? < 4, jemontary Algabea 198 rousing qesdatc equation trom even Reots: Whneve we te given the rots of a quadratic equation x? - x {sura of the roots) + fect fhe oo, er exmnole ty ros ae pve a 2 and 9, he Be dno quien Wess PoGtNat3x 260 Pb 46-0 ne {) Aquat guniona?-+be# =O wiltave loca er. {When aquatic equation 2 + ix Das ane oo eg Sere ton 6 (i) When ie oso the ganda equations” +a“ re nove recipeocats of exch ae, en C= (Go) When both oe roots ar gaa 0 2, b= O and (0) Wan one ont nite, tan 0 ae wha oth he oot {Shite bane —Oand =D. {) Whine oosre 9a negra bt peste sig en b= 0. {i} If rwo quadratic equations ax? + bx + c= 0 and arx” + bix Fe) = Gand have a cormmen toot (i.0., ane rect common}, then (be! - bre) Ai A hey have bt the rons even han = B= S Ga) The pte otf ay nepal mrt ity mares Gog E EAS, Hapa, YTID, ESF, NT, er) to nt a have to deal wih the problems reganting imaginary narers, So 2 siraple introduotion is sufficient, 90,127 So, 4 = AC Ip Sa G8 x ~2i, which san imaginary umber Solved examples Ex. ind the discriminant of the following quadratic exutions. Tel ‘onglue ofthe oot of te equations. Vesiy thom. Ox 443-0 G3 pax -3=0 Giy-o¢+ Tea Gvj2e 6+ 7=9104 ‘QUICKER wat Sots Gi) nx? -4x +3=0,2" I, b=-4,0=3 4x 1x3=16-12<4>Oandalsoaparfect quar. So, the will be distinct rational nomena. “ Bal ‘These axe itn rational ater) (Din 4-3 40,0-3,bH4.024 Dew dacag 243 4(3)= 18+ 36" 53>0 and is wa peed mare ‘thereof il be dine atonal nomnbets. mba tt guava " 7a asd Now, the roots are ANI 20 V2, 3 a infare,a=-5,b=7, e<0, D=b) 4zcbecomes'=7?—49 > 0 andalspa perfec squ So, the oo wile dsne canal mambo 4 Sign schene for the quadrate expression Rakes The sign thle forthe quadtsti expression if aways meant fis ths seal sys of. We cannot ornate any eo aginay rane. Soto ny that > ion 4 avy incorrect Tora ape the oo ofthe coeapending cuacapc equitontie wt Mocee=0) ofthe quieren ax Se ees tpposa Ther we hive fl the el vaso sett fa eng Baroeal nd oil obo imaginary se,D <0 enya,’ +c wil hve fhe sees as hat ba be coettonntof 2. Thain TD Onda s+, yi be stay vs 00s yl balay in the right con 80,108 QUICKER Mar ifD> 01 wi seam are ane Sin ocho yan cine ‘Opposite te that samescta otra Beamcssiinrgta the sign scheme forthe quadkatic expression x? - 4x7, Thecoremoningeqmaon ie te oes AF ~ 4x 1x7. IG - 28 = 12 <0 i.e. roots are ima, =1250, Three, frail heel alos of ea expen tu says noe Note: 1. For all the real valbes of x (x may be 0.2, 37.01.23, 4.220 2.98 e0)3? tn +720, You can pat x ‘any ral number and verify that x2 - 4x 47> Letwy appote =A Wend ae v7 C43 aah inst tes 708 7 hen x= 5$7~(0O0)- 400747 =00n007 + 7007899) 77-02 75120 When x =2 5 then x? - 4x + 2-5) 42- WE) +7 2 So, if we put x= 2+ YFior 2 - V5i, tho riven expression wil become ze, The expresiion canotbe nee ne " When x= 2+ V5 af da ey + Gi 424 iy +0618 4010 7 +361)-847 (weave =-1) 23170 Sinialy when x= 2,324 4. The sn scheme not valid fr maginaty value of x. Ite 2IMx=4 7 the piven ene Pla T =U 16x €1) 16147 Etomontary Algebra 109 16 - 16i + 7=-8 - 16 which ig imaginary and it canaot be ‘cornpared with any ral or imaginary number. So the porpase of the sign scheme booomes mezuingless exeept for the roots (2 + ¥8i whieh are rman) Ex. 2: For what values offs, 9x’ + 42x +490 Solu: The corresponding equatinn is x? + 42x44) =9 = (42y' 4x 9% 49= 1764 - 1764-0 Here, the coefficient oFx > So, for oll real values uf x, 9x? + 4x + 49> 0 ie. the given exgroion is alvays posit. Ba. 3: ind the sign scheme for-t° 35-428, ‘Sola: The comesponding equation i -x2 + 3x +28=0 D=GP-4x (1) x 28-94 112= 12150 341i, 2eeD 47 ‘Here, the evefticient of x7 is -1 <0. . So, the sign scheme forthe given expression -x2-+ 34 +28 is as follows: ‘The roots ofthe equition ate Ge) et (v4 7 (ve) ‘That is, Case (iif A 0 Cave (i: fs <0 > Fx? +H FIR SO Case (ii) if +A IB Note: ¥on-caa verify the above Cases (i) and (i) by putting such values ‘of as may be easie for calculation, Ifpeputx~0, 40% 7 wesee, it It R= H+ BB 28 0, Mweputx $< -4,-n? +34 +28. If we put x = 10>7, 0° + 34428 100-4 30-+28 = 12 <0 Bx, 4: For what range of the values of x is 2x" 4x -7 non-positive? Sola: The comespunding equation is 2x? —4x-7=0 D=(4)-4 x2 CD = 16456 = 7270 Hora, the coefficient of x2 is 2>0 25-1542 az<0 he nools ne DENTE 42607 2305 Tierwoae Dp ana 2 So, the sign schzwe forthe given expression 2x2 — 4x +7 is a8 fallows:10 QUICKER Mary (9) 2eNE 2498 ? 2 oe) (ve) 22358 agin pai ie > < 2225 te given expression wil forx aod or BE cy neg or og vel expression bebe Tous for 2=2 x 222 tn gen expression is ive i he express is eter 2x0 or negaive over you ant to dhe the sig stheney yo py tke apptoriaate vahoe of 1 and Gea proceed, For snaapl, we P= 14 (epproxioately) Now, the rots are 23 14 43407 = 1221281,“ ‘As Bw tots have been found by approximation, $0 while che in for the sign scheme, you should sot ike Such values ‘which are nearer to the roots. 220 2 25-20-7~23>0 Pulling x=-2, 2 dy-7= 2448-7 =920 ‘Thus, me find that the sign scheme is correc, Bx. 5: The inequality fb? + 82 9h + 14 is correct for b25bo-5 b> bet ipa sb--6 Gr}b24bs4 (p26 b=4 ‘Soln: The given squality is b+ Sb2 9b + 14 1a. b?+ib-Ob- 1420 of, b?-b- 120. For the equation bb - 14= Owe have De (leds x Clay 36=5750 Hae, the coefficient of b= 2 >0 and Elementary Algebee am ep Dal ‘he toats are 130d 38 So, the sign scheme forthe expression == 14 sas fllows: (oe) 3343 (se ‘Thaefor <-33 of b243,0-b- 1420 ‘To dec the comes option, we deww the points of the option on the real number ne of he sige sobeme i) Ge) eye) TG SABI 443 5 6 To ‘Now, we tally wk ofthe options one by one Ceetly, option (is corect. Option (ii also correct Between these two options, wo slserve that opion (i is more suitable than option (i). Though opti (i is eores, sot a5 lose as opi (i. ‘Options (iv) ant (¥) are ieorceet, Heros (ithe ans: 6 fy ont proves xy enum hon ay sutnsay (22) — [SF =7.6 (ppeexioately)) ZT)? ‘Webaow fa be sare ofany ea. 2 0 ss 52) xom(t52) 20 ‘Asx+ yis constant 29 i the maximum when! oy Shove x-ya0 one: Gh storx-yo0 onnay Ex, 7: Which ofthe following values ofP satisfy the inequality =PQ-3MorPIS:P Othen (P= 4) <0... (9) apne Quicker arts of, when (= 3)<0 then (P 4). fc) Froo()P>2and Pet 3 Je Poa orn Gs} P23 and PA ‘Which is notin chaices. Hence from (ave answer is (4). Directions (Ex. 8-12) In each question ene or inore ey wation(s) ehese ou have to find out the retation isvare provided. On the ass Detwreen p and q. Give answer (ify =a Give answer Q)itp> q. wwe answer ita >p, Give answer (9) itp 4, and Give answer (5) iq p. M tha-$=t Mg? + 36= 12q wb—5-9 Mg? 2q-1 Hbptt3~ 12, ILaq-5=1ig AW -aetiso | at Solm: 5 BR bo 2p-po3-S5 hoo ap-po 3-5 te gat Fas menting 4B Bepake = Sp bo BBaraBer apne UL gf 12g#30=05 y-9)=0 476 Therefore p=9 ‘ 7 Wes 294120 >(q-IF Therefore p> a USL ps9 2 peat He 39-q21 +5 2 g-3 Thorefore q=p SNe 816 2 4 Mp wow p2 Wah BoB 0.2 Ba Foy p a 1 2t+p Etemortary Aigebra 113 + Bo! oa=t, a+ ar) asp Wx. 142 Tie inequality 3u2- 18n-+ 24> 0 gots satistied for which ofthe Following values of? Yae2eerd 20d yar? apnea 8) None of these Solo: Tg equation for te given inequality i 3a? [in 24-0 = 3ia-2¢0- 4) aah ‘The rea! number line of the sign scheme is 2. te ive 2 we de ‘The two values of give the wo cud poines of tha imeeelity, On theabuveaxia we havethreecamgcsin which valueefn can enove, @ne2 Gad fiynet Puta value wich ip lees than 2, Suppose n=O ‘Then 3a” - 180+ 24— 0-0 + 24 = 24 > 0 which satisfies the inequaliy. Hence n <2 4 valud value ‘Again puta value whigh is between 2 and 4 Suppose =, The Sn - 180+ 2427 ~ 54°F 24 ~-2 < Om does not sttisies the inequality. Hence 2= n-<4 isnot a val value. Agnin peta volus which a greater than 4. Suppase n= 3. The Sat = 18 +24 = 75 = 90 424 — 49 > 0 which satisies the inequality. Hence a> 4s valid value. 1 nequality (3a 6) (h-4)>0 : cn, Sem = 2) (a 4) > 0 is true when (9-2) and (1-4) hot ae tithes tve ue, When both ice tv, we have a-2>Gandn-420 gene 2andnad ond Wien toth ae e (a 2) 2nd x <—%) ae eet peisibleatatine 80, front ese {only ce anaser ie (1). 1 you have no idea about quale equatia, you can verity st incuely By pattie the stable vate of Bom each che ‘Whichover stistcs the inequality shoald be our ase Directions (Ex. 16-203: IMeach question one o! more equation) 4s (are) provided, On the basis ofthese you havete find out relation between pand q : Sire answer (itp q Give anewer Q) Epo Give answee (3) iF p Give answer (fp gan Give answer (129 2 p ater eee Oem a 1.Wp sou 18. ape to 1.10 gp? sp Ba e+ 30-0 ip 2g? ogre | | Eerrontayy Algebra 15 Solutions: on ct Spo q Answer -(2) Notee howe that p13 thon ie IM p-7=9 Gil) 3q?- 199+ Wp Ai) By 39- 7g +7930 G-D-Mg-=0 = G4-Mq-Y-0> a= Fort fn Wesgethaamp 19.3.0)49-Sp-+t-0 diyq?-2q4 1-0 na asa 20.356) qe tts SED We see that p= ov a> p Conditions for the Maxjanum and the Minimum. Values of the ‘Quoidrade Expression ax’ + bx +e(= , suppose) Forthsitvirwum value ey, he contition is Nae By hus io exininnum Value). Theninae vale ot » Be Pristine || na For the maximum value oy, the condi ‘tas no maximum value). The maxitmum value of » possibis when x= ‘Ex. Lr fx dered), find the maxirnim velue of 2x? +x +3 and also fi tho coresponting valve oF Sas Thy sorespntng cations 224 + 3~6 D=()-4 (2) 3= 1424 25 1. Tye soqulzod maxiouma value ofthe given expression _=28_ 38 128 and the comresposding value of = OF 470-9 18 Q-ynti2d-5s Given tha xis eal, so 2 Wor, 25 ~8y 240,25 2 By 25 2 ys 8 ce. themeximurn value ofy is 2 sutsinnsey=2 ing. wegn a exe cx eg ax 24 = Sie eit or, x= 1)? 1 Ibe sel Gnd minimus vale of 2° = Sx~3 and also tie cenesponding ali of ‘Soin: The corcesponding: equation is 3? «Sx -3 Sy 4k 2x (R25 + = Ad “Te rquzed mins val ofthe given expression rey 4 seer aa 8 £2. a2 25 125 and the comeésponding value of lomentary Algebra uw Paplanation; 22 $x -3=y on.) 08 24 $x-(9 4 3)20 DoCS} 4x2» (439) = 25+ Hy +3) 49> BY Given tha cereal D2U 01,49 +8920 of, 492 C8)y » onys 2% = 6325 3 vestemoimun ye ofy 612 an abun y= 22a (Wy weget axl sua 5 or, 16x? 40x -24+49=0 (r, 16x? - 40x + 28 #0 on, (tx SP=0 oan 3=0 8 x Ex. 3: A certain nuraber of tennis balla were purchased for Rs 450. Five ‘moreba!ls could have been purchased far the sameamioxrtifeach ‘all was cheaper by Rs 15. Find the numberof alls purchased. is _2)29 3}10 425.5) NoneoF hese Solu: Suppose he purchased x alls. “Then comparing the prices in two conditions, we get en equation eo 6, 306 +5) or, 30x +150 35x +47 onyx + 5e- 150=6 on x? + 154 — 10x ~ 150 on, x(x + 15)» 10x + 15)=0 oF (= 10) (C4 15) =0 2x2 10,15 Neglecting the -ve value we find tbe no, of bails = 10. Notes (3) In equation (5) Costpsot ata 218 (QUICKER MATH ‘When we get balls more for tie same amount the cost price a ste We i in i oft i ecm by 1595205 (Quicker Approach: Equation %} i our frs-tep af the soation, Fi this very firet step we see thet we ary going to be traped in Sy The amen thas for Nae tes eee han Rays four yee apn, forms ecoereqution ie, f(x A) = y 4 Converted gor form ofa by v2 0) looks ice fany-20=0 (ii) The wo samtanoas equator: Gyix-ys0=0 @)6x-y-20-0 eat» = iv) Tost for common solution 5 * 2 ie. * “Tesco, ther exss anced pac whichoan satiny both the exuations (Solin or by eliotn, betting (2) am (2), 8 at 2k + 200 (by tensposition), 25> 16; puting the ie af A= axyt0=0 40, ‘The present ges of Ravi and his ther axe 10 and 40 years respectively omc) Misectiancous Examples Bho value ore? 4 betinesd120 ‘QUICKER MAI Bx dilfat y= aye find the veiue of x — y? Som x? 97 = Gy) OF +9? + ny) Now, ny Very = day ITE =) ayl ery = (otyPoxy #90257 5237118 8 gitar ona tS HON. yee yee ths given expression hocoraes 2 yond a [ans i09e (0) Ex 6 1PR= 12,9745 find the valu ot (+9) Sota: (c+ 9" = 16)? =4096, Bx T:lft +b +6~6, Sind he value ofe + bP +e3, SP ybhee = Grbrey 3040) e+ a+b) Eementar Aged, a Soro ergarI=-3VO9 ou? bP 3 abe, (Remember) pe sittae Eth y 4 Babine teas oft 9 wv Ber wey, (SoA ae Wet) Boi oh 4-8 Nove epee pet stay Ft Ee. Site FA =e een TS 2 ey 2-H? + ait =2 [eo + ]-14 [ase —v? + ean? = 26? +64] 1. 9s My vaties as xand y=7 when x= 2, find y when x= 5. Soin: x? + y? Solas fy varies as then = consent Lod aye SZ 3 AID Bx, 10; fx + 2 exactly. Soba I+ 2 dive th ‘muse eqal ozo when equal eo + 6C2F IG) Stun rokn0 5 6k=6 3 ert. x11 What must be added to to ako it? igus’ + 6x2 + 11x + 6k; fin the value of ‘expression, then the given expression jo, -2)=0 2 Sulu: The equi vate = — text wy (Bx. 12: What i the square root of 2 +e = 4) (02 + 6x +997 Solns (24 4x + 4)(02 + 6x +9) = G42)? OH he square roots (+2) G03) 1377 =27 and 7263, find the valve ots a Soln: 3? sox-ye3 gam tylomentay Algebea . 18 Ex. Thesum ofthervotsofthe equation + 1 xia tubo e ind the product of te ots. Sols Multiplying both sides ef the equation by (x= a) (x +b} we abinin: cD Fete talm te tay (e tb) (On rearrangement, we obiain sexta +b-20)+ab-be~ ‘Now, the sum of rants = (a-+ b=2 3) Adding (1) and (2), we get Ss ety ocsns sd Six=boxad B14: 1fx=9, 9177 tho vase of — 92) i equa Soin? -y5) = @1-y = d OTS OOS Re ETT x15: Find he vloe oF fot pees esp Solu: Weteve :x 2-8 CHM-9 (Erb are) E28 ah eee tte Fx 16 Theroots of 2kx? + 5kx+ 2 =Oare equal if kis equal to ‘Sola: Tie outs will bo oqual ifin ax” + bx +, Hever, he eo at ago (w-4on2=o Sisk 16 SkASK-10=0 (2+), on splint. Bx. 19: Bind the roots ofthe cquation, Vy eT = WE Soln: We have, on squaring ay+i-y- lay But y=-1 nteans y= {Ey ica iene muniher, Hence, no ral root exits, are the rots ofthe mation x24 Jax+e = Dandifo? +p? = 5, find the vatus ofa Soln : Sines a, B satisfy the given oqanton, we most have: a? +Rove Pa eps cn (On adding, we get Ge + B+ Bae +f) +20=0 > bit + B= sum of rools~. 5545 (-3+20=0 Ex. 20: ‘What isthe conltion that ono of the pots of the equation is double theotherin ax?-+hx +¢=07 Let one root be equal lo. “Then ether rot willbe 2a ‘Now, we kewow the the eatihepinstetions=£ (vate soatest2e sae Bx. 21: Ifa, Bae te root ofthe equation x7 43ax 42a? = 0 and if a? + 6*=5, tind the value of a. Solu: In the previous example, we oblainod: P= S420 ‘Now, pul, ¢= 23? 2 ence ron (1) and (2) ve contin tz = © 974? — 946 oaoy ‘QUICKER Mat We get, 9s? = $4 4a? aha =$ >e?=1 a> 41 Bx. 22: The area of a rectangle is the sare as that ofa crcl of Fm. Ethe Jeng of the rectangle exceed its breath ‘em; find the dimensions ofthe rectangle. Sola: Aree of theeiele ‘Then the Teigth is x + 3. Arcaofrectangle = Arca of circle Sxaty wae Wea 2 3 52. Bor breads caunot be negative, Hence, we dicard x= 5 sect =2. ‘Breadth = 2 om, Lenglh~ 5 om. “Thewufice area of pipe, open abot end, i enon 0 628 ‘qm. The diffrence between is rains and its Ioogth i 13 the ength beng te lange. hope was coset one ed, mouet of water can it hold? (Use 2 =3.1). Soto: Let radios Week ase 2b Bek 7 ab tan 5 i Bothtietars ic thesane orb he tes, Th vo frond wien the surest ofthe sud Mas ig and ‘Wien he mmecrr of ad haya hn oy on Foes Nhs, Toe 7 Gee _pes 2st Ws tas pag SS ‘Note: You are suggested to reatiember the Gtrect result (*}. It will save’ you seve psions cons injour eshte Ex. 6 Find the vale ofthe Slowing exposes cocci 4 decimal The ebove formula Bas the fist tex &3 8d the seco 2a Pieces ott We BaF i oe re 1 bea "Note:The above example gives on raporta esi soul be renee Sp Ma ga typ ght bere Bat gree Me, ae Oe May Ove OVS Sotuto: og = Lease LG, ag = Boose t +1 M41 SGT rar pos 2 ot Batts soe 2 ory. ap stsNumber System Quantitative Aptitude deals mainly with the different topics in Azithmetic, which is the science which deals with the relations of numbers to one another. It includes all the methods that are applicable- to numbers. . oe . Numbers‘até expressed by means of figures - 1,2,3,4.5,6,7,8,9 and 0 —called digits. Out of these, D ts called msignificant digit whereas the others are calied significant digits. . ‘Numerals: A group of figures, representing a number, is calleda umeral. Numbers are divided into the following types: Natural Number: Nunibers which we use for counting the objects are ‘known as natural numbers. They are denoted by “N’. - ; N={1,.2,3.4,5, Whole Number: When we include ‘zero” in the natural murtibers, it is fmown.as whole numbers. They are denoted by “W’. W= (0, 1,2,3,4, 5, Prime Number: A number other than 1 is called a prime oumiber if it is divisible only by-Land itself. ‘Lo test whether a given, number is prime number or not TE you want to test. whether any number is a prime mumber or not take an integer larger than the approximate square root af that number. Let it be ‘x’. Test the divisibility of the given number by every'a prime number less than ‘x’. [fit is not divisible by any of them, therit is prime namber; otherwise it is a composite number { other-than prime}. Ex. 1: Is349 a prime number ? ‘Soln. “The square riot of 349 is approximately 19. The prime numbers Jess than.19 are 2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17.- . Clearly, 349 is not divisible by any of them. Therefore, 349 is a prime wumber. Ex. 2: Js 881 a prime number? Seln: The approximate sq, root of 881 is 30. Prime nutabers legs than 30 are 2, 3,5, 7,11, 13, 17, 19,23, 29, 881 is not divisible by any of the above numbers, so it is a prime number. . Ex. 3: Is 979 a prime number? Soln: The approximate sq. root of 979 is 32.142 (QUIGKER War Number System “a Rule of Simplification 4) Ie siapifying an expression, frst ofall vinevtun or bar must be emtovad. Por exanple: we tow thet 8-10 =-18 tut, -F=W= -(2)=2 {iy After removing the bat, the brackets mast be removed, sail in the order(s (seal) (li) Aor removing the rackola, we mast ue dhe following operations strotly inte order given below. (a) of) division () ligicaion () adtion and (subtraction ‘otez The nul i also known 2s the rule of ‘VBODMAS' wiste V, 3, ©, D,M, A and § sand for Vinculum, Bracket, Of, Division, Multipl cation, Addition and Subtraction rexpactvely 2 8 fal] Exs Simplify + Sof 648x773) + 5 + sets 2arerann fied Prime mimnbors test than 32 are 2,3, 5.7, 11, 13, 17,19, 23,29, 31 ‘We observe that 979 is divisibie by 1, soit snot a peino number Bx.d: Arc897, 508,757, 1003, 1009, 919, 913, 647,649, 57, 659pm urabers? Solve it) ‘Composite Numbers: 8 number, ofber than 1, which snot a prime timber is called a composive member 4,68, 9, 12, 13, yeu Number: ‘The number which is divisible by 28 known oy suber, 8, 7.4,8, 12,24, 28,.. leis also of tie fort 2n {were n= whole rumber} (Odd Nuoiber: The number which is not divisible by 24s known as ner. €03,9, 117,19, ‘Comseentive Nunsbers: A sore of numbers in hick eas i ereater ‘than tha which precedes it by I isclled consecutive numbers 28, 6,7, Ber, 13, 14,15 fer, 11,103,103, 104 Tntegers: The et of aumbs whl contin oF eho tbe nogative mura known a nega. ss dents by 1 e800 (4.8. 2-f,0,1,2, 34,5, 0) Rational Numibers: Wien thc ber ate wits intone, they ate ‘known as stionaazmbars. They are detoted by Q. 138 8 aos (the numbers whch can he ween inthe fos # (te x a ae integers and» #0) are called rational mares Jtvational Numbers: Ths numbers which cannot be writen inthe foc: ‘of gare know as rational numbers where panéq ere iniowers, andq 40), Por gxampla: V3 = 1.732... VE ‘But recurring decimals bike 3727 2 13 21 2orovosfh ei] retold srs ee, are tatfonal numbers, tie g tocm, so they are rational numbers, Real Numbers: Real cumbers inelide both rational as wo ag iestional rursbers. Daewe = Peasea4 (QUICKER MATHS: Somb+b! Sastb abe eb) = ab 4 30h (a+b) de-vF Hero yaw = a toe bho - =P 3b OY apt oft i nath Fw oreo) = (ory GP abs Poe oy Fee ona BF = aby Gah b6% * Ph? 40° —3abe. Pee ab — be oe Oat = ty 1) ewe ey 12) 9% Wt itor 1s =o other 14) a" = 1 thenx is 0 forall values ofa (excent 0). (atbte) Ascending or Descending Orders in Rational Nembers ft See eam cpa sews id whe te mumertr an ee dexnmintr fh adn aaa rpeer tat delun trot te bigest HOTU STARCH be telione pee vi a 6 Set: ese te mera a ele demas core Ince telco. ie gee tn Rea: Wikhone oie! ovigtastosstegenest | 2a as amy ‘Number Systern 145 san; Wee tare ec he es fe ove tases as, the fo es faction, EX. 3: Whish one of the following factions isthe gremtes!? 1a a 3190 Sela; We s00 thatthe, umerstar increas by 3 (a constant value) and fhe denerainator also increases by a constant value (1), 0 the last stn inte ees actin “ha ead eon beens Inthe group of factions KoSaa xe? gs3e 0 x tme yl yah Lye yeas yen STB fas the highest value yenk ie ‘where ba ward [But what bsppens when a < b? See in the following examples Ex. 4; Which one ofthe following isthe greatest? 23 4 Pie" 0 Soln; Inthe above example, we se thet the numevatorsand the denon ators of the Faotions interease by constant values (Ge numerator by 1 ‘and cenominaters by 4) 1f we change the above fractions into decimal ‘values, wosee thatthe factions ae in an ineressing order and hee, the Jaw fasion 2 i te tes Ex.S: Which one ofthe fllowing factions isthe gretest? 2 bay & 7% Solm: In she shove example also, Wwe see thal the numerators and ‘Nenowinators increase by 2 and Brespectively But she last action, ie. 4 isneteast Ine Note: IES $5 Socreasc in Den.140 ‘QUICKER MATH ursor System 17 ncreae in Num, Tas 5 perenne in Den 8 Inmuch a ease wien # iss Sip Alte ge cet Nome aed th 57975 5 Method IT ‘Change the factions into ecizals Tike 2 7 i he » de06 Ts * Bronte Clearly, ea: wes pees 1 or 22 Meio . ‘ on tgs sean 7 Rate of CM (erase nutpleaton) Solu: StepT: 13.423 < 1520 ‘Step 1: Take the first two fractions. Find the greater onc by the nuleot sett 2 i peat oe ‘You ean see how quickly this meitad works, After good! x? Puctice,you won tee vasa before snoneng negate wT ee 23 3° 71g QUICKER tan Numer Systom ma ‘Step I+ Take the third fraction. Apply CM with th third fiction st un of squares of stn natural numbers = 0+ UG" + 1) the Farge vas cusnd it Ste TV. Suu of squares of fest n natural numbers t ri 3x Foccrample F224 3%. eto? M02 D194 4x95 507 Py SLL as x75 YV. Summ of cubes of fest n natural mumbers = ry brow oaeat EMEP aa Zan ie ner? 4 ane 3, ‘Now we se that Foun ic afer 3 or Bewoen $ and 2 3 end 7 sud see that 2 > 3 ce, we apply OM with 3 end 3 end see that 3 > 7 4.03 Fy 7 Notes 1. he fst cong aries, eee Bol and en unis poids of bes, eve ee mer ot mmibas, od, tin ee (+3) mand 2) sven ue For example, from 1 to 50, theve ace 28 2 25 odd mambors 2 eat 32 25 son nmin Ak on thea Sh Stop Tk he ot ato. Apply EM with Sal and ee ‘ 3 om vwith 2 and + ena soe dae? > Een we apply OM with Zand Lend see tat? > Therefore ATs 2l ts sy o> 2> 7 Step IV: With sizilar applications, we pot the Final rosult os: Ada ds ach Boda smumbers and 242! — 25 even nuribers. 3 ‘ete Ts loncome hvntp sl iyo sei so cscs runes frre Seti wehcstomstomsseet te | Ti lem tre hss faa ome better method for you Some Rules on Counting Numbers ra mabe =D Ex. 1s (Gard 25 are sqisuys of 2nd 5 respectively (nee consecutive ‘mutobets}, 25 - 16=9 aero number. Ex. 2: Differonce between 26)? and (25)"= $1 (an odd muraber) Reasoning: Derived from ths above rue 3. The difference between the squates of two consecutive nuribyrs is he 1. Sum of all he est Forexample; 424341105 12 SUB AD S565 11 Suan ot the two corsecive numbers. AL. Sum of first odd aucubers =n? Tu tiod?-s 49 for exemple: 1434547 4-16 (a there ate four ocd mumbrs). Pau 06? -@9) =26+ 25251 Fer example: 13454, nt20Mh odd umber (ie, 2042-1 20 = 400 : ITT. Sum af frst even numbers 1 (21) a For example: 244468... 100 for SOih even mumbes) 1} | I | Reasoning «? 6 Solved Examples () What is tie total of alt the even ruenburs from 1 to 400? ‘Solm: From 1 vo 400, shere are 400 numbers ab) (at) = etd) 30 x (S041) =2550 i180 QUICKER MATHS! So, there are “2 = 207 even mumbirs Hove, wm =200400'1) 40209 let @ whic ie taba nceen mers 163) So From to) en 36 mec he ae PAS | 2890 09 pn 258 @) What is the wets oC al the odd mienbers om [10 1807 Sein hee eon aldrumims ten he gen ag $e sem = 90)8 - 8160, (4) What in tho ton] oF al the oat numisers ons 1 0 $1? Solu: There axe S11 26 odd mambers between the given range, So, 26)?-675 63) Finan sum ofa te od nutes foes 2019 101 Sito: The eee sum = Sum of al the odd nambers fogs J 19% ~ sam ofall hoo aumbers fr, (10 20 Suon pf fis 5) BL nuraber smn of fist LD odd moms GLP ae 260110 501 Power and Tndex a umber ‘pis mliplied by itself m times, the prnduct is called mh power ofp cud is written asp, In pis called the base nd called te index of he power Soune solve examples (0) What is te nuror fa the nit place in (729)°° 2 Solu: When 729 is maltiplied twice, the number i the unit loos is 1a ther words i 729s multibeam even tiraber of tints, te metaber the uni place wll be 1. Thus, the eursbor ia de unt lace (728) i (7299? = (12998 (729) = (2.1) (720) =4 Fn the un pace (2) ind the number inthe wnt place e020 6 and (ona, Numbor System 1 Soln: Winen 623 is anlipled 1wice, ths moraber inthe wait place is 9 ; Whes. 8 moliplicd 4 biaes, che aumber it tv unit place % 1. Thus, | seesay chet 1695 is muldiied Gn sumber of times, the auras in the iu place wil be 1. $4, 628) ~ G2!" =1 athe un place Goa & Cenayt*? (623)P= (0) (..8)=9 nthe unt place E629) x GBP 1% (00.9) ‘nthe ait place you solve this type of questions (loved sumer) ry ‘to get the last digit 1, as has been done in the ahve two examples, (2) Find dhe neraber in ths‘ wnit place ic (122) , (122)? and (22279, Sol Gondindd nd CBr eG = 8 Bh Bel BIC We know that 6}6¢ 8} C8) Tus, when (122) is mots An ties, he ts digit is 6, Tevet, 1227? «(228° = 6.6} Hn the uieplace 122) = gray Se G2! (6 shud) = & inthe unit poo. (22) = (122985 5 (22) =8)o4. 8} -8 Hn ae ut place, (4 Find the umber inthe unit place in (98), 05y* and (98)? Sone y=.) e987" =(..0) This, 98)" = 24)” =(..6)~4 inte eit place 8 = (5° 4 68)? 8x6.) =4 athe uri plece 8 = Cy!" 5 69) (..5)x(.2)=2 he uit lace ‘Note: Wien there is am sven curbs inthe unit place of base try {0 eC 6 in the unit place, ay tas been done in dhe above two questions. “his chepor should be cogcluget with some geaeral gles dived fortis Cre of ess, Yule For ued numbers en there an digit ia the unl place fexcept 9), melipiy oe mussel wal you got a the em place bo on152 QuicKeR mas C= C1) where 123, Role 2: For even mumbers When there an even digit inthe wat place, wail 0 saber by self uni yon ges in te wl place 26) GB = (6) (.6F=(.8) (8) (06) heron, 3,35 Note: fthereis 1, Sori the it place o ths yiven amber, then ‘any times ofits maulilieaton wil have the same digit in wait place, Gold GoD) CPS) C0966) (6) What the muerte vi place when 78,325,457 ond 248 mild ogee?” Sola: Mullply all the nscabrsin the wet place, is, S35 the ees isa munoherin wich $ is the uni place. Miscellaneous Examples Fra Givision sum, we have four quate —| ‘Quote sud Reminder. Thessare connected by the elation Dividond = (Diviser » Quotient) + Remainder ‘When the division is exaed, he remainder is aeco In hws vase, the above relation beconscs Dividend = Divisor x Quotiont Bx, 1: Tho quotient arising from the division of M46 by a cert snatnber is 79 and the rerisnder is 35; what i the dvix? ‘Soln: Divisor» Quotient = Dividend - Remainder 79 Divisor ~ 24446 - 35 = 24411 Divisor ~ 24411 + 79= 309. Ex, 2: What least number anist be adder 19 8961 10 make it excl disisile by 36? Soln: On dividing 8861 by 84, we get 57 asthe remainder. He auatber to be udéed ~ 84 -57=27 iden, Divis Furnbor Syston 13 Ex, 3: What least sumbor aust be aubuacted fiom 8961 t0 amske it sactly divisible by 842 Solu: On divicing 8964 by 84, we get 572s Gue remeindor. Therefore, the martber to he subtracted i $7 Nate: la Ex 3, we soe thatthe given number mecls 2740 make it exactly divisbte by 24. But in Fx 3, the giver number exceeds by $7. xed: Find the lease muesber of 5 digits which i exactly diviibe by 89. Sole: The least number of 5 digits is 10,000. (On dividing 1D.600 by 89 we get 32 a8 femaindes, {Fe aid (@D-2) 037 to 10,000, he ce vl edtvsibley 82, the roared umber = 10,000 + 57 = 19,087, ‘6x. Find the grees numberof Sd which s cxetiy divisible by 197 ‘Soin: The preaiest miber of five xi is 99,099, On dividing 99.999 bby 137, we get 126 as minds. ‘he reviced mumibt ~'99,90 - 126 = 99873 Note : Do you find the diffrence Rerweer Ex. 4 and Ex. 52 Ex. 6& Find he nearest integer to 1834 which is exactly divisible by 12 Sola: On dividing 1834 by 12, we set 10 a3 thy remader ‘Sine the cerssindor 10 is oeve than the alot the divisor 12, the ‘nearest integer will bo fous by aking (12-10) =2 “Ths, the requved number = 1824 (12-10) 1838 xs Te Find the nearest ateger 9 1829 which is execly divisible by 12 Solu On dividing 1829 by 12, we get S as the eemainder. Since the remainder 5 i loss than hale Use divisor 12, the nearest inteper ‘be Fouad by subtracting 5 from 1829, ‘the rguited number = 1829 $= 1824. [Note 2 Do you realize the difference between Bx. 6 and Bx. 7% Ex. f: A number when divided by 899 gives 9 comsinder 63. What enuindet wil be obtained by dividing the same number by 29? Soln; Numbe: — 699 x Quotes 63 = 2031 x Quotient-+ 25295 "Therefie, the remainder cbtaned by dividing the wumibec by 29) is cleat 5. x. 9, A uamnbsr wien divided by 89D pives a remainder 62. What reminder will be obtained by dividing the same auraber by 31? SSoln: Number = 899 = Quariens + 62 ~21%29 » Quotiont © 31-2'8 “Therafore, the reniainder obiained by dividing the number by 31 is cleady 9. Note: From Ex. (8) and (0) its clear thatthe diet divisor must i & ‘mulipie of the ncccnd divisor, But what kappens when the fist154 QUICKER MATHS sivisor is nota multipte of second divisor? Sec in the folowing camps. Ex. 10: A number wen divided by 12 Kavos a remainder 7. What ‘reminder will be abtained by dividing the same number by 7? Solm: We sce that im the above example, the fst disor 12 ie not a multiple ofthe second divisor 7 Now, we take tie te sunbets 135und 15, which wien civided by 12, lave 7 as the rezindes, Bui witen we divide the above two mumbsers by 7. we get tho ‘espective remainders as @ sna 4, Thus, we conclalo that the {question i wrong EX. UL. A boy wis sel co muliply 422051 by 56827, but reading one of ‘the Figures inthe question ertoncously, he obtained 21959856177 8s is answer, Which igure eid he mistake? On dividing we find thet $6827 dows not exactly eivide 21939856177. Hence the ercor wes m reading S6827, But on siviging the number hy 4820S, ve get 50827, Hence the hoy Teed the figure 6 of tho mrulipie as 0 Ex. 12; A boy moltiplcd 423 by a cernin nurnber and obiaincd 65580 ss hisonswer, IF Leth che fives are wang, but the ether figures ‘ze right, find th correct answer. Solm: Step I: Inthe prouct, the figures 9,8 ane 6 ate cone. "Tos gat 9 ‘in the unit place, we must zmulipiy by 3 units, So, 423 wep Sal 1269 oes © Bet 8 in the t's place, we must have 2 under 6 in he fst line. Fence, we must amply by 4 tei So, 423 a3 1269 1682, cerns Number System 1 ‘Step I: To get 6 in the product we must have 4 under 1 inthe second Tine, Hence, we ust mltply by I hundred. So, 423 14a 1269 1692 423 soaes ‘Thus, the eomect answer i 64RD, ‘Ex. 13: How many prime munbers exis in 6? x 357 x 11%) Soln: 6? x 35% < 18! = cay’ a Gx x 111? nw hx Pa le ‘Thus, there we 7+72413410~30 prime mares. Ex. 14: On dividing a number by 5,7 and 8 saceasively the remainders ate respoctively 2, 7 and 4. What willbe the remainders ifthe order of Uivisen is reversed? Som: 5| t= kad ate T Weave * 8x) 44 =12 teers De3=97 P98 SBT HD AIT ‘Ths, the eumber may be 437 ‘Now, wisn order a division is reverse, 8) 437 isa |. 71s Tt Hence, the rived eemaindees willbe 5, 5 and 2 ‘Note: Weave used the wots "may be" hecaute this imber is one of| those many cumbers which satis the conditions. We have ural 7 as ‘our nal quotient und hence, got the nsraber ax 437. But forthe other Values, like 2,3, .. the numbers will be diferent, And surptisiagly all ‘of dhem wive the sume iesule. You may vert for yourselfia ye QUICKER MAT Bx, 18: A watch ticks 90 simes in 95 seeonds and another watch ti 2315 mes in 32 seconde: bh te watabes ace sated loge, hi ‘many tines will taey ik together ia the Bet hour? Som Th Bath zoey ns an esc ak 323 ticks every 323 secon 333, $235 seconds, 19x5se17 ey wie opr alte LM at nd LCM of 95,323 “yor 8S ana 222 Now, LOM of gpand e = Hey Se 32 ‘Tae numberof times they will tic in the rst 2690 sezonds Wx S617 3609 = AS 360045 gy 100. Wx Sat7 325 Oneeteyhavealresy eked nthe Beginning; 6 in 1 Nout wal Be 100+ [= 191 times 1s. 16: By what momber fess sn [000 must 3259 bo mused he Lae thre figures to te right ofthe product may be 437? Soln: [tis clear thst the required aumber is of three dts, Let tha imamber be abe. Thon we bare, 43259 abe 437 Is clear hat 42259 ans Number System “7 Now, Wwe see that he second dipit (tam right of produ is 2 ‘Taisis possible only when 7 is added to 6 And forthis °b* mustbe equal tod Thos, 43289 a4 437 ‘Now for she thind digit vo seo thatthe thied columm has 1 (canied) +7 + 3~ 11 and it needs 3 more. This is possible only seen “at iseqal 7. Thus, we finally see 33259 a3 437 Hence, tae required marsbor is 743, Nate: The above question is given in detail so that you can greap exe step, bot once you understand the method, you ean salve itn a single sep, The ony thigg whigh should be Koptin mind is that when the last three digits ofthe produc arg given, you should net ealeulaie beyond the ¢hizd coluea for any ro: x17: Find the least number by which 19404 must te multiplied or divided aa aa to make i perfect square? Soln: 19404 = 242.33. tr tell =F x3 Fx ti ‘Tau, ithe number is multiplied or divided by 1, theresultext number will be a pereet square. Therefore, the required auunber is 11. Bx. 18: Fill in she blank incieated bya sar the mumber &* $6 s0 as 0 make stdivisible by 33 Solu: The momber should be divisible by 3 and 1, To mse the nuraber Solu: The numbers wust be raltiplas oftheir HCE. So, let the mumnbers be 161 and 6b where a and b are two numbers rime to eac ober 2 (ix = 168 ab= 28 "Now, the girs of murmbers whose product 28 are G8, 1),(14,2) and (7.4). ‘(4,2), vic are wo! prime to each other, should bo reject. Hence, the requited numbers are (BB x 1G, 1x 16) an 7 16, 4 16) or, 48 T6) and (112, 64) ‘Note: (1) We se tht there may be mare than one pair of umibers, {@) Ifyou heve undersiond te logic of working, you may split tack i the following way. Produ Step I ic the vas of SU cry Step Ti Fine the pose pai of cor of vale got in Step ‘Step Hl: Muhipty the HCF with the pair af prime factors obtamed in: Sept For the above question! “Ties 1 a oF Step MH (1,28), (2,14), (4,7) Step Uk (Lx 16,28 +16) and (4x 36,716) (16, 48) ond (64, 112) 43: Fn the greatest umber that wil vide 55,127 and 175 0 as to leave the seme remainde a eck cao Soln: Let xbo the remainder, then the sember (58- x}, (127 x) and (175-8) emt be exactly divisible bythe required number Now, wolknor tat if wo murbers ae divin by a certain mzsber, thea tir diffe is also divine by dha suber. Henss, tie ames (027 -3)-(85-9) 175-3) -(127-a)ea 108-3) -05-) Sal Number System ia (or, 72, 48 and 120 ae also divisible by the require number. HOF of 72,48 and 120 i828 ‘Therefore, the required number 674 you don’t want fo yo futo the details ofthe method, find the HIF of the postive differences of summers. Ic will serve your purpose quickly. = x. 44s A number on being divided by $ an 7 successively Jeaves te ‘emsindets 2 and 4 respectively. Find the remaindor when Oe ‘ame number is divided by $< 7=38 A Thelz cya smthe above ertngement, A is thenumber which, when divided by 5, fives B es aquotient and leaves 2 asa remainder. Again, wiien Bis Givided by 7, it gives C a8 a quotient and 4 as m remainder. For split, we may take C= 1 2 B=71 +411 and A= 5114257 "Now, when $7 is divide by 35, we get 2 asthe emander. Djrect Fornaula: The required suprinder =di 55% 105 1218 16 40 «152585 105 PB) 2x9 KOM OE NS) AEN GP x6 <1) xx 2) - aes (Gove suber le hana Sr utes) Share 6= haere Grrr ae end oe pods, (5x O5) 415) OHSS Ox3« (547) x5) 5) (5 9) { [ Number Syste 189 2)" (5)! Siuce 10 1, there ae 10 eros al he end of the product ‘Note: Ths isthe easiest way to count the number of zeroes inthe eb. cof products. By this ated, you oan easily ind thatthe produet fT x23. % 109 contains 24 zeroes. Try i, “To nd the number of different divisors ofa composite number ales Feu ho pre factors ofthe namber and increase the inde of sack focor by | The continue product of increased indice vill ghe the esl elude ur an he amber lise. For example Ex I Pind the nursber of diferent divisors of $0, besides unity snd the abril Soln: Ifyou slvo this problem without korg the ul, you wil take ‘he ruribers in soccession and check the dvisibiy. In doings, you may miss some susnber. Kewl ako take mote tire. Diffren divisors of 30-1, 2, 5, 10,25, 80 ewe exclude I and 80, the amber cf divisor witb Byrule: 50 245e5=2 2 . the monte of tla vases = (141) x 241) =203 6 ‘nthe number of divisors cached { nd 30~ 6-24 x2: The numberof divisor of 40, except oni is_—— Solu: 40~ 22.245" 2 » “Tal manber of divisors = (31) (141) =8 ‘ume of divisors eicleding unky = 81 7 x. 3: Find the diferent divisors af 37800, excluding nity. Sola: 37800 ~ 22s dedrisBeSS57 a2asa txt ‘Total mmber of divisors * 542) G0) QHD (1H) =96 <. the mumier of divisor excluding nity = 94-195 To ind the umber of numbers divisible by a certain Integer x. fs How many nurs up to 100 are divisible by 6? Sola : Divide 100 by 6. The quotient obtained is zhe raquited number of sumbers. 3O= 146 + 4 ‘Thus, there are 16 urbe,wo ‘quicker man [Ex.2 : How many nutabecs upto 200 are divisible by 4 and 3 toyed Sola: LCM of4 and 312 ‘Now, divide 200 by 12 and the quotient btsined isthe requi snuiber of narrbets, = 200= 161248 ‘Thus, there are 16 numbers Ex,3 : low manny numbers between 100 and 300 ate divisible by 7? Soln : Up to 169, there are 14 mambers which ae divisibie by 7 (sin 100 = 14 « 7+ 2). Up to 200, there are 42 numbers which a divisible by 7 (ince 300= 42 27+ $) Hence, there are 42-14 =28 numbers. Other’ methoa: Fra ind the range ofthe iit In this eas, rge = 300 10 200 ° Divide the range by 7 and get the quotient as your resui answer. Hers, 200 : 7=28 as quotient, ‘Thereare 28 numbors. ‘Note: The sbove method isnot applicable in al cases, Sometimes it fu te give the comect answer, as in he following example, Bx: How many mumbers between 300 and 30 aro divisible by 13? Soln: Method I: Upto 106, thereare 7 nuinbers divisible by 13 bec 100-27 +9 ‘Upto 300, tere are 23 numbers divisible by 13 because 300, BIH stheceare23 - 716 nurebes, Method Hl: Range = 300 - 100)= 200 and 200 = 15 13+ § «thers are 1S summers, which is not, Note: You ex see how the to methods give different anawers. We -twggest that you soive these questions by Method Lenly. Bx, $: By what aumier less than. 1000 must 43521 be rultiplied oo that (he fast thro figures atthe right end ofthe product may be 7917 Seln : The last digi ofthe product is 1, 0 the easier’ lat digit ‘should be 1. Yor tie second digit in the product follow tie lowing: lt tho second digitin maltplierbe x, Thenby the rule ‘of mukiplication (cross-altiplieation of last twa digits of malt plicand snd mmaltiplioss Number System 7 43821 * x1 ~aaT - Ix 2etxxe9 Now, forthe thied digit in multiptier: 43520 ath Tor Sx 142K 7+1%x= 7 on )9FR= 7 x=8 "Phos, we sce shat tae thicesdigit amber is $71. 6: What would be the maniuum value of Q in the following ‘equation? SP9+ 3R7+108= 1114 ne 27 35 44 5) Neneotheabore Soln: SPY + 3R7#2Q8= 1114 For the rnaxicwm value 6€Q, the values of P and R shouldbe the ‘inion, i. 2270 each Now, 509-307 +308 1114 or, 815+ 208= 1114 or, 298 = (114 - 81 So, the reg vale of Q is9. Ex. 7: If the places of last «wo digits of a shodigit aumber are interchanged, a new aantber greater han the original number by | is obvained, What is te difarenco between te ast wa digits ofteatnomber? 19 . DR 26 2)Dataimadequate "SY Nbte of these Soln: Let the three-digit mumber be 1C0x-+ 10y-+ 2. “According tothe question, 00x + 10a 3} (100 + 10y +2) = 54 01.92- 9Y=54 ofz-y=6 [Noter Remember tthe difereuse between lat wo digits in such case EXERCISES 1, How many nuenbors up to 120 are dvisibls by 87 2. How mary surabers between 200 and 5O0 are divisible by 13° 3. How many numbers betweer: 160 and 300 are multiples of 13 ?12 QUICKER MATH 4th we woe the mumbers fem 1 0201, wha the sm of ll he of ‘unter? 5. we waite te numbers from 104 to 209, whats the sum ofthe even © users? ‘ 6. we wit he cunibes fom 50 0 151, what isthe difference between” the sum af ul the odd and even suits? 7, Row many different unbery oF 7 iit are there? 8. ow many nares: up t 200 axe divisible by 5 and T Wogethce 2 9. How many numbers between 200 and 400 ate visible by 3, 4 and S (ogether? 16. The sumettwo mimbersis22.and heidiferese is 14. Find te product of tie aursbers A. The sur of two minbers is 30 and thee dlference is 6 Find the Aiterece oftheir seueces. 12, Tu product of to teins 1s 39 and Weir dference is 28, Find the Aiference of rer sccipocals, 13. Whm isthe auanber just greater Qin 9680 exacily divisible by 21? 14, Wat the diference between te legest and the. sinallest uboes vuln with all Oe four digs 3, and 4? 45, Whatis tie least number whioh is periect square aw comaine 3675 sits factor? 16, What ia the last ruber hich must be subtracted Foca 9400 tha the remaining number beconses divisible by 78°? 17, Bud the least number which whes ade 1 3000 becomes a mile of 57, 18, Ina division sam, the quotient is 105, the remainder ig 195, end the divisor isthe sum of the quotient ahd the remaindse, What isthe dividend? 19, ind thesum ofall themumbere between 200 and 60d whiehare divisible by 6 20.15 1001 a prime nerber? 21.15 401 prime number ? 22, What isthe sum ofall te prime mummbers between 60 and 80? 23. Whang certain aumberistnitpied by 13, the pect consists entcely of sevens. Pind te smallest sc morer 24. Find the mamber which w hen sautiplied by 16 is increased by 225, 25. How cuny times shall the keys ef @ typewriter have to be esyad 74 onder to wate fst 200 counting MLARE, ity 0 re Ie.3, upto 2007 Nomar System 173 26, Ins divison sm, t 2 divisor is 4 times the quotient and 3 tes the remainder. What the divi dead if the cemuind is? 27. Low many Lunes rust 79 be subtracted trom 10.000 ia oder to leave remainder 6455 28. Find the tora mumber of prime uabers which ate contained in OOF 29, What isthe nomber thas adda to itself 20 tees, gives 864 as esl”? 30, 1P97 be multiples by a eertain nomber, that miner is incase by 27584, Find that usher. 31. A certain number when sucessively divided by 3 ond $Iaves remain ser Vane 2. Wact isthe remain f the same numer be diced by 1B? ‘32, Acris nucber when suecesively divided hp Tand9 leaves remain ‘Ser3 and $ respectively, Find the sinallest valu of such a number 238.8 cerain ounber when dvd by 36 teves ¢roanindet 21. Wil is ‘he refainder hen the same muntbor be divided by 12 34, When acerzia muber sult pled by 13, the pracit consists entnely of fives, What ia he sallest ck nancber’? 3 ets nets tn ais te lat 2 36, What 6 he lege at ier hy which it of se comcetveever nln Sava cile™ iy = jpitendievaueot $4 EE ie sau fa) - 6 +p tenmoratueoras 39, Whales vale must be given %0 a sofa the number 613542 is cxsclly divine by 9? 40, Wht least value sus be given 10 so tat the mer 972154 is diviite by 17 441, Woot ese value must be given fo #0 that he number 91872 1s divisvie ty 82 42, What is he aeges cumbcof ou is which nena dvi by #7 48. Wie dona hs pie mnt, 4.18 die number (L0". is divisible by 11 mhenn is Todd numiver 2) oven muniber 2) snyrumber 4) multiple uf Li 1luber System - 5 ‘Namber af even mmbers up to 104 =3 101-1} =, = thei of ft 50 rons 56 (41) 2.580 Mheraled som = 70-2550 2152 see wn neve eben ah 08 nr, hen rogue diiese=SE=SOT 5 12 ates ior sit sar wi ao oer ab emis with an tc mob ie gonber DTT 4 1370133 33 137 x B7« BT — 133 153 193 smb, then such difierence = 2 a2 - 8 1) [Pour seties stats with an even-mamber ad ends with an odd 3 aw. last number —_ fist amber + 1 50, What the manber of prime factors inthe expression | ume, then such itference = set name 6 Tx UP? 43) four series eras: withan even muniber nari wih even he + SOLUTIONS (Hints) suber, ten sh differnee~ il tbr int ou he’s Least aurberef'7 gio 10,00,000 2, Nunnber of numbers up w 200 which are visible ‘Highest rumiver of 7 cet = 99,99,999 Oss Sebi “Tac te numer of Pci bers 99.99.99 -10:00000-+ Mois + Sie, 0® Number of manbers up to 500 whic are divisible by 13 = a 38+ Siew38 Ts 38 typ ht 5. Nazabors which are diviible by $ nd 7 together ae also divisible by ‘heir LOM. LCM of Sand? =33 Sos ©, the required numbers = 38 - 15 = 23 ner of pumbers=—— = S + SE.ie,S 3. Number of marsbes up fo 100 which are muhiples of 13, ‘Therefore, the required umber of 5 ap tt wets Sie 9..LOM of 3.4 nd 5=60,, 13 yt "Nutnbor of urmbers np 16 200 which are divisibie by 60 200 Ties -MBass hie, “Number of milena up to 400 which are viable by 4 2 ‘Number of aumbers up 1» 200 which ate smtiples of 13 300 fi 4 Te = 23 + pies 28 + thexequized aumbors =23-7— 16 4-Tioampwreteonir 2 co owe e514) 03 100g 2 ie.6 therequid ber=4-3-3 ‘odd murbers, 1D, Let the numbers be x and y. Then x+y = 22. the sura of te frst 101 odd numbers = (101)? = 16,201 Dmber of even numbers upto 30 7009-1) 154 the sum of first 154 even numbers 154 (154415 3.870)176 ariber Sysont wr Subtracting (4) from (3), we get Axy=288 Direct formula +I: Product of two ranibets 9. The least such nuraber= 16 « 13 = 208 “The highest such number = 16 x 37 = 392. 2. the requited sum = 16x 13+ 16 1 14 #..0H6x 37 = (Sam? = iferenee )® 16 (344,37) 4 16 [2240 -¥37) ~ 162 toon 2M) aay - aye _ 3608 nig (2738 _ 12413] oye r70s-79]= 10,000 7 ae as [22538 — Fe] 11009 nse 10, The appicximatesquee coo. 10 ig 32. The prime numbers whi ne? fre leat tlan #2 are 203, $57, Uh 13,17, 39,25, 29and 31, We se mow {ol is vb by 7 so ise nt apie ure 7 yey 4 ye ede 21, The approximate square zoo of 40 20. The prime eanbers hich Lette hiv nanber box andy. tree an 2 ae 23, 2.7, 101817, We eta 0 2 Than yD and xe isis by any af the abore pm waters. So «rime numb, or yh ey 2 Pow 2. Sim=6) 98747173670" 381 wy on piwlene the two teams be x. sae giv 23. Write a aumber which consists of two sevens only live {acta tee es be andy. We gm y= 28-—on(t} saunter by 1h Tit sperfetly Siisibie, thea ee quote obtained by andy = 38 tivision ithe requted mimber,H dre musnber is not divisible then dé fone more sever and check ils divisiblty by 13. If it is pefesty visible, gm the quocert isthe equired number. Iit isnot divisible, then ad ene more seven sna... Moving the same way, we see thet ITT +13 =50829 24, Let that number Bex, Then 164 =x = 225 tiie ya D 13.0n dviting 9680571, we gets remainder of ‘Now, $689 needs (71 - 24 =)47 mare to be divisible by 71, 2. he eet mabe 9680-447 9727 , lnesgaed_ vale 14, The lages: mumnbec = 7431 and the smallest muraber = 1347 ote : Th in hice; the equted mum = SEER SETS « fhe oquted diffrence» 7431-1347 = 68 2. Upto 200, th anzber of one, two- and nee -igitmuesbers are 9, 90 rd 11 respectively." ‘the nusber of ames the kya the typewriter to be pressed D490 2+ 10 3 = 3806401 = 492 DB REA, D=3xR= 2.087 = s, Dividend =DQYR = 12 344=40 227. The requitéd noraber of ines = 15, 3615 =3xSx5xIN7= 3 «5? xP, See tatall ne facia except ace squares, So, ie multiply 3675 by 3, the abned number wil be a perfect square and also have 3075 a its factor: Thes, the required least number = 367523 = 11025 16, On dividing 9600 by 78, we get 6 a8 remainder, Ife subtoct 6 stom 9600, the obtained moraber will have no remain. ‘Tis, the required least cursber = 6 17, When we divide 3000 by $7, eget 36s remainder, The the reguired least nuober ~ $7 -36 21, which wien added to 3000, the obtained umberbeceries multiple of57, Le, thatrmumberis perfectly divisible by - 18.9105, . 36 2,30)? = @x 3x9 = Hn 36% 5 Pht sae epee cso errs 6645 18 ee niet, 195; D=Quiv= 105419:m ‘QUICKER MAI ‘Number Syston 4179 ember = —*82 AL. The last tatee digits shoukl be divisible by 8. So —3 mento recto tea 7584 On dividing 9999 by 88, we get a ‘of r te Sea Toa” ‘nainder is subtracted for 9999, the remaining sumiber will be ex- ‘31. By Quicker Method : ‘The requited remainder =i. 12 + cL actly divisible by 88. = 4ax2t a7 “peer “cy the requited number = 9999 - 55 = 9944, [Note: Iti 2 very iraportant method. t should be remembered, ‘32, Siant wilh the lat quotient, i, 1 ‘ a2 44, n should be even number ~ eet at + then by the rule of camponend - dividenda, 7s jatte Sude2ed 18), te nox is 214 te7 x 1U3=101 j-th "xd 2x3” 6 33. The number = 36x + 21 ~36xH1249= (36x + 12+9. a_4%a 4.3 2 , Savdh 2a ‘AS (36x12) is divisible by 12, the mainder will be 9 4 ‘When te fret divisor is divisible by sho second te required rosinder will be obtained by dividing the fst remainder sezond divisor, 34. Semeas ia Ex. 23, Seats 1 1 ag @teieab 3a ab 16-15 36, The lgest such number= (2% 4s 6) 48 TT Not ‘Then the given expression = Tass = ane ad 49,cy= $4296. 12 ORE KGr 16 3x 644-72 yua Wat 1 x aye x al? x a” . - 1 50.(6! «(7 «ay = ey « x Using the rule of componeado-dividendo? 2=% = ; “total murine of pre factors 10% 10417 +27 = 64 vee : Sue o 1 Teeny te LTT 39.4 number isdivisbleby 0, wher its digt-sum is ivisileby 9, Dig sur ofthe given number (excluding is 17. Fewe pur eel, she ‘umber willbe perfciy dviibe by 9. 40, 971546 Digitsum of odd positims = 9121516 = 22 Digit sum of evén positions (excung #) = TH = 8 ‘The differenoe of taco should be ithe or divsibleby 11. So 4-3]* Binary System Number System is a system which represents different num- bers in different ways. There are Many number systems. All the number systems have different bases. Base denotes the number cf, aymibols in the - number system, For example, in the deciinai system base, the is 10 and it has 10 number-symbols (0, 1, 2, 3, ... )}. Some more examples of number systems are given below in tabular form: Number System Base Representation of Symbols Quinary No, System 5 0, 1,2, 3 and 4. Osial No. System 8 9, 1,2, 3,7 Hexadecimal No. System. 16 _ 01,2, 9, ACO), B11), C(12).... FCS) Binary No. System 2 Gand 1 Binary No. System was introduced by JV Newman in 1946. Conversion of Decimal Number into its Binary equivalent: To find the binary equivalent of.a decimal nimnber, we go on dividing the decimal numberby the constant diviser2. tll the last quotient lis obtained, For example we convert 89 into its binary equivalent. 2|89 2% qi tie. 44) = 88; 89-88=1 a) f. | 2% gp (ie. 22)= 44; 44 -44=0 (7) 2% q3 (Le. 11) = 23; 22-22-09 im) 2% 94 (Le S)=10511-10=1 G4) | 2 x qs (ie. 2)=4;$-4=1 (5) 2x gs (ie. 1) =2,2-2=0 (rg) L (last quotient) : 4, q2..... are the firsi/ second! .... quotients and rj, 72,.... ate the first? second/ .... remainders, For all the stages of division the common divisor 2 remains unchanged and the quotient obtained be- comes the next dividend. The process continues till the last quotient (1) is obtained. Here, after dividing the real dividend 39 by 2, the first quotient qi (=44) becomes our next dividend. Now after dividing 44 by 2, the second quotient q2 (=22) becomes our next dividend. And so on. Every time the remainder is noted down carefully. When the last quotient as’ | , is obtained we finally note down the remainders (including the last quotient, 1) strictly in accordance with thé arrow mark, ie. we note dawn finally in the way: :82 ‘QUICKER MAT First ofall she last quotient, thon the Test romainde then sevondlast remainder, .., third romzinder, then second remaindee, finaly the ist cereainder. "That is, he binary number equrvalen to is 1011001. Or, by notation, (89}10 = (1011001 )2 ‘The base 10 slams Toe deviznal systema and the bate 2 stad binary system. Conversion of Binary Number to its Decimaal equivalent: Inbinary system the value of I doubles itself every timeitshi tne place o the If, and wherever occurs its value becomes 2cr0 [Lotus convert 101001 inte its dacimal equivalent. To unt stand easly, we write each digit of 1011001 inside cach bow in following way andthe value of each box is wrtisn abo it. a 8 2 2? gt oe Now (101601). wUertea Serer 1B eon 2 eaaatera® 364805 164840406 (6221) a+ 16+ a+ 189 Somte solved examples: “Bx Convert 9 tot Binary equiva, 290] 9 tay a5[ Le) 220 tes) Hy Te) ST Tes 2] te) 1 @ Hore we pet (Mig = COLLOLOY2 ‘Verification: 6 oF at gb ot ot [1 ToT1 [a JoTiTol OtIM =I + 26002 TDAH B02? slat eowg® Bravy system 183 SH 0+ 1648404240 Ha lora+2=99 2: Conder 88 itn its Binary equivalent, 2/88] 0 aa[-a 234 Tot Sf Ctr t Hlero we got (#8) 9 = (101 1600)2 Verification: gt at ot go a! 20 of ili Tatoo (UoLin90 = 28 + 24 25 = 64-7 164 B= 88 Bx. 3: Convert the following number into their binary equvaleats: @2 G3 Ging GS (|S ODT GS Also veil your answers, Som) 242) T ie Dio= CMs a 284 T ie, (Sune i 24 ato i “ie, ia = 800}2 fs} Sp a 7 ie. (Suu = (1012 ©) Ya & Bou t ie, io = C1o}2196 QUICKER wa @ (p= ta 2h+02-24¢9=9 WD (OUr= tx eter 241=3 xProra yn Masroreaa xP Onde xaasories ©) (UOp=tx 24 1x2! son =ar2 +O=6 > 0) 19 = 122+ data Paae ry pag (tly (000)2 = 1 54.0227 20K 214029 sroasins Bx. 4: Dhtections: Ina ceriain cae, symbol of 6 is @ exe Lis CL Thes we st er air ben ee dan Pa nag ee io ems ely. The lect see CT oubles itself cvery time it shifis one place 10 the lef. ‘ssnittaw 2 Lis written as] 2is written as Jo 3 is wnitten es DD is waitton asa Nowainvertn ime pon O Wars Govan «155% »@0Ge yest AOI — None at these (1) OOO be muttiptied by CIC] @ Ol what wil be the result? 218 gy bi aay oneonee (a ih ofthe wing wilepen he uleeah se sep t i Jnsae | Binary Systor 188 900eed »OeeD »Mesno DOS Be ei None af hese (iv) Which ofthe following wil present 422 aQeelGe yOetes Nees aDelsHle oj Nenectthese ° (0) Which ofthe following pairs have the saane namtbers? 9300800 »4, Ce elle eo? Oselees 9?.7,0ee00e ©) None of these () 1e 61 @ 9 @ tedivided byL19 @L1e, the reales 9Ohe »yOCel ~~ )Oeet OE OG Nave ofthese ot nce of MO9 © Dass Os a0De nee Oe DO0@ _ None ofthese oi) J2O-Oe » « Ge =? 225 bat 22 ©) None ofthese aus Soln: Obviously, these questions are based on Binary Naniber Syste, % Skate 83 OP eats. 8 3 Now we have to find the binary equivalestof 18. Helse P1730 [1g 0 sft 29 1 ic. AM ia= (010), "Now, ning the given symbols for @ and I, we get (012-16 Ele 5 ansuer {Wy Usig the niven aor we get, | DOGS cena tea rae eat tea? eatani is ibaieatert fl Beare i Now 154 18198 ganar” a Gi) STS% OF S6~ 5 56 =21 anal I0 O=or01,186 QUICKER MATHS Now, the binary equivalent of 21 is Le (20) ¢= Goto = -Os Des b) answer fiv) ie, (42)10 = (1010102 -6 ee = 4) answer ©) @Oe @ OG= oot, = 24+ 04042! 429 =164+2+1=19227(634 Ce eDe- (10010): = 24404042) 40 = 1642=18 216 (647) @OeeHeas = (001000)2 = 2°+0+0+2 04040 764+ 8=72=8x9=2) x 97 0) answer @MOeeOUe =(100110)2=25 404042742449. =32+4+2438236627 x3} mOeeoHeese = (10010000) = 27+0+0424+040+040 =1284 16= 144 : He ee =qootoy=24+0+4042'! 0-16 42-18 - Now 144-18 =8= (1000)2=1@6@ = d) answer wi) De @Li=(1 10012 =27 42440404295 164841=25 OOO Ds diip-2 4274284 Pagegereicis fF ofasmnd i5=5=(ola-eQ . Ans =(c) wii) OeO =5,0e o=400e=6 ve 5+8265-19 Ans =()Permutation and Combination To understand permutation and combination, let us take two examples: Ex. 1: How many triangles can be formed with four points (A, B,C & ¢ D) ina plane? it ts given that no three points are collinear. Fram the three points A, B and C, have only one triangle with these points. Itis irespective of the fact where he starts. Although the arrange- ment of points may bein different orders like ABC, ACB, BAC, BCA, CAB and CBA, but in all these cases the. triangles formed AABC, AACE, ABAC, ABCA, ACAB and ACBA até éxactly the same friangle. With the 4 points A,B, C and D wecan form maximum 4 tangles namely AABC, AABD, AACD and ABCD. Ex. 2: How many number plates of 3 digits can be formed with four digits 1,2, Band 4? Here, the order of arrangement of digits does matter. For the digits 1, 2 and 3 the different arrangements are: 123, 132, 213, 231, 312 and 321. : Here the vehicles having the number plates 123, 132, 213, 231, 312 and 321 are 6 different vehicles but in Ex 1 the six triangles were the same, The total no. of 3-digits number plates willbe =4 x3 x 2= 24. (The 3-digit number plates will bear the numbers: 123, 132, 124, 142, 134, 143, 213, 231, 214, 241, 234, 243, 312, 321, 314, 341, 324, 342, 412, 421, 413, 431, 423 and 432). Note: Ex.1 is the case of combination and Ex.2 is the case of permu- tation, 4! a(4—3)! 4 Factorial notation: The product of n consecutive positive integers beginning with | is denoted by n! or [n_and is read as factorial n. (5! or [5 is read as factorial five, 13! ag factorial thirteen, etc.) oo m=Tx2x x(n 2)%(n- 1px =nx(a-l)x(@-2)x..%2x1 For example, 51=5 x 4«3x2x1=120 44x 3e 20152431 =3 0 2x1 =6,2!=2% 1 =2 In Ex. 1, total number of tiangles = 4e3 =128 (UICKER MATH QaBu 7 26x5x4x3e201 Tadxdnt PABAT EOS 2g oo oes ising 2 1 TiGascanti “Jaen Fran be too ative iegers suc hats when nx(o~Ia(o-2)x 2s e-em det saxty Similarly, Gaal Arrangement: Spposo we have four deren objects A,B, C and D ‘Welave io ‘oa group uf abecs ou ofthese ft abjecte Inotier word, we hove a forma gry of four inet jects taken 9 ata ins, Clty, we wl sive sitsuch gros: (0 A ane By (i) A and, (i) A and 3, Gv) Bane C, 3 Ba Df) Cand D. By the netonalrepeeriaton the tal a of ick roups =4eq~ 4 A romps "Ce 24-2 Bad None to objec acho hee groups canbe aanged ia ‘two different ways, namely, eee et {)AandB& Band A, G) 4 and C Cand A and w op. Tins, here res tl of she euch eng Total oof aringeres~ ttl ne. 0! groups «11 heroes tenn of ajc in cach grup. Inthe above example ttt no of urangatents sm bxx 2 Each of Oe feet rangers which an te made aking some oleh ive ngs or aoje an ne is salled a permeation, The symbol "?;denotea the no, of permutations: Pedr things taken eta'ime. Tre fers? sands forperutcion Also, "p= a ‘Tis the symbol "Ps denotes theo opments oc urange- neat 9 font hie ken dean and * ony 2+) pee @ereD Permutaton and Combination 89" O- DxnSt Y=9 Rk Tx b= 30 Delinition of combination: Kach oF te ferent selections or groups which caa be made by taking some or all of a a0. of given things oF ‘syeuts atm scaled combination. Thesymbel "Cr denotes the us, ‘eLoombsnations ofa diferent things taker rata time, We letter stands Px combination, Ao, = 7s “Thus, the symbo! °C denotes the no, of selections, of groups of asebrenc hinga taken 4a time and °C4= Sta = oUbtarenc ings taken ate tine snd "C= Brig a Dean reoxst i feivzatest 7 ! Not: nih ps Arrangement we ay gM ctv bo oc arent = tah. f gous 0 slams! © Ghee itteeefchety neat up ov con ¥ So, "Pr= "re tt “ For example, °Ps= 44 « °C4 Some Fundamental Principles of Counting 1 Muéplication Rate: Suppose one stark his journey from place X and has to reaeh plice vin a diferent place ¥ For ¥, there are three means of transport ~ bus, tr and ‘eeroplaue-from%, From J, tkeacroplane service isnotavaitatle for Z Oniy either bya bus or by a rai oun one reach 2 from Y, “Alga, thore tr na dre us er tin service for Z frome X. We want foknowthemaximum possileno. of ways by whichone can reach Afton X. For cach meons of transport from X10 ¥ there are evo means of ‘anspor for going om ¥ 10 Z. Thus, forgoing From X to Z via YY thers will be 2 Getty, by bas oY and again by bus to 2; seconly, hy bas to V and thereoflerby tain 19.) +2 (fly, by tain to and thereater by bus to 73 secondly, by ‘0 ¥ ond thereafter apnin by tain > 2.) ly by aeroplane to Y and thereafter by bus to 2, seanaaly +20 ‘by ncroplane se Y an heteafer by tvinto Z.)=3 x 2=6 possible says We conclude: 1a worker be done inn ways and another work B cam bs done inn ways and C is the faa wook whichis done only whenwo ‘quicker MATHS bos A and B ars done, then the 29. of ways of doing the al work, C= 901, Inthe above exansple, sxppose the Work toreach V ftom X= the work A> inm Le, 3 ways. The work io reach Z ftom ¥~ the work B -+ inne. 2 ways. Thon tho Sine] work co reach 2 from tie Final work ©» iam x a, i.0.3x2= 6 ways. 1, Addition rule: Suppose there are 42 nen and 16 women ne party ack man shakes fis hand only with all he men and ach wonwan sitkes fer hatel only with al the wonten. We have ta fl the maximums ne. of handshakes tha taken place atthe pasty. From each group of 200 pessoas we have one handshake. (Case 1 Total 19, of hanestlces among the group oF 2 men gyn ABAD AD 8D gat Brana 40 ax x 0 ~21 «41-861 (Case 2: Total 30, of handshalces among the prop af 16 worsen 1 16x 15 1 8152120 Basa smanimuim no. oF haadshakes ~ 861 + 12 2x ta pe To find che no, of pernnutations or arrangements of n different ‘ings all the m things taken ata time, ‘Suppose a student has 3 books (B}, Bs ond By} and hs book-rack hes 3 shelves, le has to arrange the Backs in the shelves. fe puts one book in each shelf He can pat eayore ofthe 3 books fa tho fest shel His leit with 2 books and he can pot anyone ofthe remaining 2 ‘books in 2 wai inthe second shel. New, he is left witha single book whch eas be putin { way in te tind se "Total no. af way i which ie por the boo B16 ‘Case 1 He puts 2 books together in one shelf and the reoraining f book in another shelf. He can put ? books oper cut oCthe 3 dierent books in SP; ‘ways in one shelf The remaining ons books can be put in Lay svanyoee of the remaining two shelves. Cosel a2xla Parustion and Combination 01 ‘. Total no. of says of putting the books = 7P2 x 1 3 Bliyag Gm ‘Case I: He puts all M03 hooks together in one shel ‘Te ean puta the 3 books many anc he shaves ia any ne of the folowing sequences: $n oe book Bete top, Ranma cane ranged in wo ‘says: Brine iil and 33a ti ote and By iathe nie dred Bz a the bom, 8, we 88 ff ie book By at the top in Enyone of te shlves het are 2 ways of arangeren Silay, when Bo is ate op, thee sre 2 way of erase aivder Bs athe op there ate 2 nays of rangement "Total no of ays of piling the books = 2+ 2+ 2 aa ‘re seein al the above there cuts, ot no. of ways of putting all hes books =3 {Tas we conlude tha oa no of amspements of ifeent things, all (them) things taken at atime ="Py— at...) Weave", 9) in) "p= oa Fe Cesating (me i] Seat en0=M 1 ‘Thus, we got (P= 1 “Tofind theo. of perniatations or arrangements uf a diferent ings taka rat time when exe thing can be repeated any no. of tntes. Note Pen. semua range ofr en is faisa rat ine "5, whan repetition ot allows,» “9 Now, suppose a painter has 0 paint a A-igit mamber on & ‘nursber plate oF vehicles ustig the digi T, 2 «., 9 and repetition of Alsi allowed (i.e. he can psig the numbers 1215, 1912, 1211, 124, 1221, 2121, ae)182 QUICKER MATHS [diousands place | hundreds place anyone of is 9 digits 1,2,3,..9 | Ling was . He can bark any one digit out ofthe Ddigib 1, 2,3... Sal ‘thousands place on the number ple in 9 ways, Alter marking atthe thousands place e has agai 2,2, 2.» 9 dora 9} dipite (as cepettion of digits s allowed). So, he ean mark the ftundreds place in 9 ways. Similarly, ech of tens plaec ané units plece cen be marked in 9 ways, ‘Thos, he can mack a otal FD 92.9 929 QnA times 9°) = 6561, number plates i "Now, weannetuds the no, oF petmations or rrangeaents of ne different Gangs taken rat a tine, when repetition is allowed = mn en CMOS =A Ways Now, suppose the pater has to pain 4s mushers ow the munbor Pls ung the ie gts 2.1 2, Sand epetton of igs fllowed. (ens place [units place] ‘howsands place| hundreds ples | teisplace[ walo place ‘ary oe athe ® Panyonv ofthe 1D] Suriciy mn | Simiany i ins 12,009 |igie, 1,209] Towa | Tay mov 210 os j [Note Ie pts 0s howsnnds plc, the digit ro. wil vtece to @ Sega, Tas hc eamner dso ej tol vo. = 10x 10s 2090 From the eatintin point of vew the follwing ew resus sre wif, Wont gong into als ou shoul simply rahe the fstoing esate Tite = "Cy then ether xy ory No, ofpemsations ef ngs mt oF which Pe alle and ary of one ype, qa ike 02 ie of he ore pe, ad ee renin ala diem = 2 IML No, oF station of hing (5 0) oUt Of ideal ngs at Perrutalen ane Combination 183 IV. Toralna, of sclootions of zero or ents things ftom nideatical things nt 1 'V. Total oF etections af sera or maoze thingy fom n different things "C+ "CY P03 Fae +O 39 VL No.of ways io distibue Gr divide) n eatical ings sevens persons whe any eon gy gay of gs i Solved Examples Ex. 1"P5~210, Sind, Soin; —— 2109 eo ona x (n=l) (n-2=7x 6x5 Bx. 2:17P- 210, Gad. Soln: =20 o-91 OT X62 ae (Tort aT 62S ey TerbTnS on Bers peR-5=3 Bx. 3: 1"P4— 3024 and "Ps = 120, nd a and. inp, = ea Sola: P = =(mn)s (mtn. 1) x(men-2)x (m+n- 3) BO =I 8 2796 mina) Again, "Py ~ =n) x (ono 1)» (m= 2)» (m= -3) 120 5432 =m fi, ‘From the equations (P}and (i, we getm = 7 and n=? Exe Ie" = "C5, Hind n, Te-al Fe 04,502 = 2! (2-2)! fn, Sx 93x Do fm SYE= 2x (m= 2) fm 3) xf} (0-8) 04,545 I=(0-2) x [-3) = Ga-4) m2-3 onna? ‘Note: Whenever “C= "Cy and. y, hex nwt be equal 8a +. Hee24$ 1 a= 245-7 Son194 QUICKER Matis ow many quacilaerals canbe forme by foiing the vere ‘ofan octagon? Soin: A quate tax 4 sides 04 vertices wheres an ection bs sides o° 8 vertices. Seu! xno, of quadlaterts="cy = 8! — Read no. oF Seo Sx75605 wT Bx. 6 low many muabes of ive digits con be formed withthe digits * 13,5, 7 td, no git bing cepa? Solus The ven ne. of digis= 5 Read 00, = 775 Note: If repetition of digits he allowed, ten ceqd no, + 5° = 3128. Fx. How nny mmboas of five dist ca be focod with de gts 0.2.4, 6and 87 Some — ten thou. | thousands | tundreds | teas place | units place |: | sane place ; place plawe insted Afr ig pen ewan plod wee wait Permstation and Combination 198 “Total oF such rurabers= 30% 1=30 Case in: When 0 Goss not cour at units place: hurstedisolece sens place waits place | ‘Aller filling of unis plase | Aor iMling up unis | amy one of 2°86 | swe are lft with 6 digits but| place anc hundreds | in? ways Geannot occur at handieds | place we ane left with place. We ae finaly oft | 5 digits (including 0) wit 5 digits, so in 8) Soin S ways a ways. | __. ‘Fora ofsuch mambers = 8 8x cs Regd no, ~ 30-475 105 Ex. 10: How many ps. greater an 800 apd less than $000 cam be mace with the digits 0, 1.2, 4, 5,7, 8, 2 no number (digit) aceurring ‘more than once inthe same number? 3 Required number = 4 24-98 Note: KFrepatticn of digits be allowed thea rgd, aa, = 54 =2500 (Fos ter thousands placa, we eat" consider D #s.8: How many aurbers of five digis can be formed with the digits 0.1.2.3, 4, 6 apd 8? Stn: Hece nothing hs boensid about the repetition oC digits. So, ii lundrstood tha repetition of digits is wot alowed. ten thox~ [ thowsands . indzeds | tens pace sulsplce | phew _j plane _| P1=6 | Altoriling up ten tonsa place wo are left nik ® ways(ex- | digits Ginclgding 0} and theblank paces ate 4. $0, ia ‘hide 0) 1 4=6x 5x4 x 3 = 360 ‘unis place | Naawtany | Ss, nlaing andthe marker orbiak pices | gota Ce ener ene one 4,S0.in 4 =41= 26 ways enc pss ‘space | unite pass Ziad) + sither 8 or 9, 6, in 2 way "pg = Tx 6= 42 ways Total os. <2 x 42 = Case 2: 4digit mummbers: thousands place Tange | tmephw | wninplice plas Either for, bein? "Pye 76x 5=210 vay Total no. = 2 = 210= 420 Regd ime, ~ 84 + 420~804 Ex. 113 Find the number of words formed with tke letters of the word “DELHT whieh begins with D, (i) sds with (Gi asthe letter C.zboays fn the taille, and (Gv) begins wits D & eres with L Sola: There aro 5 letersi the word ‘ELEN,196 QUICKER MA Case: D | Tae! Ber2t wae Regd = DEH Case Gi: LTT £ Lvey +. Reqd ase E i Remaining 4 paves will be filled in=*P4™24 ways Reqd 228 Case: D TT T ys 3Ps=6weye [1 way 2 Regine. =x Tx 1 Ex. 12; Hove many words can be formes! with the eters of the w ‘EQUATION’? Sola: No. of permutations or anangements of n diferent things, take alata time, Here, thor are & ler in the word EQUATION. Reqd no, of words= 8! = 40320 x. 13: How many words beginning with vowels can be farmed the Teters of the word EQUATION? Solu: Thero are Jiters inthe word EQUATION, ae [ins sae Riagd, no. = 5 S00 25200 Ex. 14: Howr many words can be formed withthe letters of the wor INTERNATIONAL? Soln; There ate 13 letters the word INTERNATIONAL, of which ‘occits three, each oF I, T and A occurs twice, and the rest dition, . in "Py Permutation and Combination w nw al Se Be ID ee Wx 9 XBR IORI RSxI ED Gxdx 2x? AID UL x10 9x BI x GR 523 ¥2~ 12972 Ex. 15: In how many ways ean 4 Poys and 5 gis be seated tn raw 0 ‘that they re alternate? Soln: [clnTalis[a[a[nla] ‘The Bingram shows the posse arangemea. of sluing of boys and girs. Now, 4 boys can be seated in £ places in 4B =4¥ and S girs in $ places in St ways. Reqd no oPways Al x 124 x 120~2380 Ex. 16: There are 4 boys and 4 girs. In how many ways ean thoy be seated in azo 5 tha: all the girls do not sit iogether? ots na. ar persns 4+ $= ‘When there is wo restiction they can be seated in a row in 8 ‘ways, But when al the 4 irks sit wogether, we een eens the sgrocp of girls as one person. Therefote, we have only 4 f20, boys) +15 persons, who can be aranged in caw ia $1 ways, But the 4 girls can be arrenged among themsclves in “Ps = 4 ways 2. No.of ways whemall the 4 gts ate together Sal Ho 2 Reqd 0, of waye in whisk all the 4 gels do aot sit together SB-steat 7% 6x 51-51 x 24= 51 (336-24) 120 312= 37440 How many different words can be formed with the leter of tre ‘word EQUATION without changing the rlatve erder of ts ‘vowels and cousonnats? Solu: In the word EQUATION, the 5 vowels E, U, A, Land O occupy’ the plas 13,4, 6 and 7 rexpectvely whereas the 3 consonants , Tand N occupy the 3 places 2,5, ang # vespectively. All the Jetters of the wont ave diferent ie. tere is no repetition oF any Teter. ‘The $ vowels can be arranged in the 5 places in SPs= st =. 120 (yays whereasthe 3 consonan’ can be aang inthe 3 places in 3P5= 31 = 6 ways. Rag mo. = 120 6= 720 Ex.198 . ‘QUICKER MATH Bx. 18: How many words een be formod out of the levers of the werd BANANA so thatthe consonants occupy te evea places? Soln: tla lala ‘The word BANANA contsing 6 Fetes ont of which A occurs {iti and N eccurs tice “Te consonants B and N (which enn twie) camo aanged $ steroid si? 30a “eel plese be moe wth i, way Real no, cf Words = 3.x 1-3, “ind the no, of ways in Which 4 identical balls canbe distributed sniong 6 identical boxes i ot mere Clan one bal 2 a & BOX? fof idencaltalls=4 cid no, af identical bose ‘Now, distihuting 4 dentia!balis among 6 identical boxes when sete tn oe bal ata bx, so eet bows rom among the 6 boxes, which can be dene in *Ca=—SL = 15 Fx. Wa ways, the 10, of tiangles formed by joining the vestces of a polygon of 12 sides Sola: A polyson of r sas will have m vertices, A tangle will be formed by jining any three vertices ofthe polygon. 4 No, oCtiales ond = y= oxi 3p 6 Patingm= (2, we gt Rog o,f eiaglea—12#1* 9 ap9 Bx. 21: Find the no, oF diagonals ofa polygon of 12 sides. Solu: A polygon of m sides will lave m: vertices. A diagonal ora side {oF the polygon will he forme by joining any two vertices oF He polygon. ‘No. of diagonals ofthe polygon no. af sides of the polygon m=" No, of diagonals of the polygon = "C3 =m Porrutation and Gombinaten 13 n= Bem. mam _ min—3 2 2 Porting ma = 12,382 get the rend no. oF diagonal Ex, 22: Ina pany evety pereon shakes hund with every over peesoa. If there was a total of 210 bandshakes inthe pasty, find the ne. of persons who were present in ie pasty reach scletion of wo petsoxs there will be one handstuke. $0, ne. of handabakes in the party ="Ca, where p=no. of psoas Now, "C2= 214 (given) or, MEWED ay od onnx (Qe )= 2x Qu du 5x TAM 0 n=) Ex. 24 Those are members ina delegation whic ist be sent abroad. "The total ne. of members is 10, Jn Fw many ways cat the selection be made so that ¢ particular meanier 1 always sncluded (i) excluded? Solm: () Selection oF ene particular member ean be done in = 'C ‘way. Aer the selection of the pamcularrnembor, were Loh with 9 encrabers and dor the delegation, we need 4 members more. So selection oan he done in-'Ca ways =. Reqd no. of ways of selection ‘exes TR 9a RAT HE Me 126 Gi) Wher one particular person uss to be slways excluded om the S-meminer delegation, we are left with 10-1 =9 persons, So selection can be done in "Cs ways s. Reqdino. ="€5= 126 Ex, 24; Find the no, of triangles formed by the L1 points (out of which 5 are collinear} in plane, ‘Lat ussuppose that dre 11 points are such that no thees of them ara collinear. Now a tangle ean be toumed by joining any three of these 11 points, So, selectin of say 3 ous of the 3 points eam be done in "Cy says Sol200 QUICKER MATHS No.of iastes frag by 5 ints when none ofthe 3 er owe fetus aeons Ba fm ors 9 clisar pins po argc Bo fome Rk mote Mey feyal08. Sak 65 “10=158 4.25: Aponaas 12 erdoonoF whieh oe Ine many ways ea he ite fens such ata lean ta te rence? Sol No.of teri fens 12-7=3 Ti may ite ending way calves 2 eomvelatves 2 4 Cp TE Srelatives + | non-celative > "e's x SC) Mii: 6 velatives 4 @ won-relative > "Cs Regd. maal ways "Canty yc + 7p Sree BL x87 402 x 2 [nan examin, «minima oF ks co ore in cach G subjees to pata how many say eam ated? Sols‘ ten wil ia fhe sn ge a pore sates os oS ager sabes. “Cy #80 1 Cay ey ge Cy + Fey b+ Ca) 8Ca= 2-1 = 64-1 = a ways, Other approncic Ho isthe Als inany ofthe brs With ech rapes thes ovo ponies: le fal paths yf suubjosts thene are 2¢2<2~ 2» 2%2=25 = 64 possile eases, Thi alo aces te cas when be pees inal he eae Thay be oan flan 64-1 = 63 ways Note: Thete ae 6 yeti ina questo sper. now mae way an a sidentaohweote wr nore questions This istieaane equation, So.anwer i, Bu. 27 Ino ray vay can 12 iffrea bake be dvd ells among (a) 4 persons (b) 3 persons’ San: a) Bach person il get 243 Boks ‘Ny. at amon aa giv outs ot of 1 Rca books in Ca ways. Secon person can be given 3 books out ef the ces: (12 -3=}9 booles in Cy ways, ‘Sinuilarly, third person in °C3 and ‘the fourth person in. °C3 ways, Read. no. of ways = Ca. "Cs « 8) x C3 Peyton and Comnbineton zon mo Bo Ra TT aa lL DAI ee Ba TH 6x5 nd on HGH 6K6 (0) Now cach person will et 12 + 34 books, Similarly, requited no. of ways = 7C4 x C4 x 8Cy 369600 aut zw x LX Ix9KEXTHOASH A yyy ale 2A x24 286 In ow many ways cn 1 lien banks be vile exaly among (@)4 se oF goups, (2) 3 ses ones? Beye 8g eticg Fey Sola (a} Re. no. of ays 1 ~ 15300 argu! ‘ lca at ited 0, of ways = EOE“ TB 57 (0) Require 9, oF way = aa Ex. 29: How mony dilfircet let sreangements can be made fon the Tetlets uf the ward EXTRA in such a way that the vowels are always together? Soin: Considering the vo vowels E and A ag one let, the total no. of letters in he Wot “EXTRA’ is ¢ which can be assed in "Ps, 1c. Af ays an the to, Yowels can be aeranga song ther selves in 21 ways. regi ne, = 4! 21=4x 32 a2 Wx. 3: Latter ofthe word DIRECTOR sre aranged in such way that ll Ge vowels come together. Find aut the teal number of ways for making such acrangement 1) 4320) 32720 4)1120 5) None ofthese Solu: Taking all vowels (IFO) os x single Jeter (since they come (ogether) sere are six letters atong whlch theteaze we I eat = ze sige Have na, of arrangements oH “Thive voweis can be arranged im 3! ways among themselves, thence malipliee with 3, Hence, answer is),202 (QUICKER MATHS Ex. Sf: How many differca leterecrangemenss can de mad fom the lsfters of the wort RECOVER? pie 1) 5040 3) 160 4)1200 5) None of these Possible arta gements are 1240 = ma [division by 2 times 2s because ofthe repetition of E and R] ‘Rx. 32:4 boys and ? girl ere to be scated in arow in sucha way that ‘he avo yitls are always together. In how mumy different ways cca they be seated? 3)12002)7200° 3 148) 245) Nomwot these : Assume 2 ven students io be together {i cone), Nov there tare five students, Possible ways of arranging them aro 5!= 120 ‘Now they (two gels) ean arrangy therelven im 21 ways, — Hence otal ways = 120 2=240 Bx. 33: On the occasion of a certain mecting each moraber gave shake- hand to thevemsining members the total aakchancs were 28, how many members Ware present forthe mectng? HM 27 39 48 S)Noneot hee ‘Soln: 4; A combiralion 92 persons gives aesultof onchandshake. 1 ‘we suppse thal tharoave x persons Un thers ate total C2 Ibandsakes, fe. *Cq=28 digits (without repetition of 3.1, 7,0,9, 9? () How many of theo will have 0 inthe unit pics? Gi) Now many of them sre divisible by $7 Gi) How many of toum are nor divisible by $2 Sots The total numbes of 6 digit suribers =6 | $2 690. [Note that 5! muabers re for hose having, On first place which | ine eahed) (G) Numbezsare visite by 51° Permutation and Cerbination 203 (2) toey will have zero ie the unit place and hence the remaining, ‘Seat be aranged in S= 120 ways. (0) they yl ave $i the last place and as above we will have 5 120 ways, These wil also include mmbers which will have ‘cro in the frst place {i number of 5 digits). Therefore the fhumbets having 2er0 in Ist ad $ mail place will be 8 “Therefore 6 diyit mumsbors having, 5 inthe end will be S¥-41= 120-24-96, “Therefore th total ruber of 6 digits mumibersdivisibis by 5 is Ex, 35: Find Ga tota number ofits numbers wt igs Sala: Tou No, of digit mmiben = Py 705 = 40> =91¢9--909 Sou 8r 7X6) S81 x 56 x 120 ~ 3268020. Alternative. Ve namber eo be of digits. The fis place (om le) an be filet in ways only (as zero cen aor be i he fs pase. TKavine filed upthedstplacetherensining’plaes canbe lad _apby te remaining pats in Pa = 9! ways, Hoe he tal 9x9! Bx. (a) How ray diferent nrengoment canbe made by esing all the letter in the word MATHEMATICS? flow many of them Segin wih €? How many of them begin wth T? {O) How macy words ean he Rey aking 4 ets ata ime ont of th eters of he word MATUFMATICS. Stn: @) her are 1? ke Two, To A, TWO, ,F,L.C,S. “Gi Hence te tml of words by aking al at ime M1 sie T x6! 7 Tx2K? = 960.47» 720 90 x 5040 = 4989600. ‘To Boia with C. Having fixed Cat int place we have 10 eters in which 2M, ate Amid 2 are T an he et ae diferent. iHenee the muir oP words wil bo208 QUICKER MATHS ' xox se 7x6! 2x22 = 630 x 720 = 453000. ‘To Megin with T. avin fined Tin fst place we wilt Kave only 10 Fetes out of which? ave Me and 2 ve A, and ret six are HE, €, Sand T. Hence dhe mumbet of words is, 2 73, Ge dost pn) (8) We can choose ¢ Jesters from the 1 listed in pat! Ga. under AD che fou deren wetness nd of ean toss in 01 fm nT 625 = 1660 tor re Ie m0 Vos diflivent and tvs ait. ‘Wehave 3 pairs ofikeleters ut of which one peiccan ue chosen in cy ~3 mays, Now wehave w choose wy out ofthe Tersining 7 diferent types of Yerire wich cant de i Soya BTN eo: 2 Hence the total nomber of yeoups, oF 4 ltrs ia whieh 2 are exent ane 2 ave alike is 3 2 one such group be M, H, ach suck geoap has 4 lolors ut af whieh 2 are alike, ean be L ways ranged among thonviehes in} = 12 ways, ence he total number of wouds 18 621 wo nike of une kind and rw alike ef ether kind (nr 0F$ prs oF tke Tete we can ctowse 2 pais in Yea ways = 3 ways, Ones gxoup i MM AA. ‘These four eter out of Which 2 ar alike of wne kind and 2 ane ‘2 like of other kind, can bearanged ia ine ged ia Hleace she total aunaber of words of his ype i 3 x 6 = E ‘Therefore total mmber of foltee wars ts 1680-4 756 4 18 = 2054, 196. Paxmutstion end Combination 208 EXERCISES: Log) 8¢r= 8: Uh find 2." 462, fd 3. How muny numbers of Bs éigis can be fomted with the digits, J, 2.4.6 and 8? 4. How many odd ounben:af three digits ean be formes! wits the digits 0,1,2,3,4, Sand 6? 5.Flow many numbers of digit, divisible by 5, canbe Frric withthe 02,5, Gand 9? 6, How aumny words of 4 Ieters beginning with cher A ar Bean be formed with the Ierlers of the wort EQUATION? 7. now many ways can be he eters of the word INTERMEDIATE, beaminged? 8. How mmy words canbe formeout ofthe kes offic word ARTIC so thatthe vowels nceupy the even places? 9, How many words-ean be forined with the leters used it EQUATION ‘when any leer may be zepoated any no. of sie? 10. Flow many ferent wordt 5 eters canbe loened with the lentes ‘of the word EQUATION so that the vowels occupy edd places? 11,47 parallel Tins ae intersected by another 7 petal tines, find Tho 1, of pallelograme thus Formed 12. Thore pre five sudeats A, B,C, 1 and E. @ In bow many ways ca Uiey sit so tha B and C do nt sit iopeher? {G) ln bow many waysean a exmaiee of 3 members be Fie so that ‘A isalays inclided and Fis climaysexcludsd? 1. Theres 12 pots ina plane out of wich Sarecollinea. Find the ro. cof straight nes Farmed by join ther, (4. Acantieteisnired a newer 6ou.of 10 questions which te dvides Jno groups, ezch containing five questions. In howe may ways ex he answer the questions, iPhe is not allowed to wigagp migre than 4 fuestions fmm a grove? 15. A commitiov of § students iso be fred wt 5 boys aa & ei. kx how many Wayscan il De done so thatthe no. oF gis no es ht, tena, ofa? |i Fromé gentlemen and ladies 2 committee a5 isto be formed Ia hes ‘many ways this he Gene i the emit sro ele Bes one Indy? 17. Acondsateistequited io srsier Gu! of I questions whishate divided znle ive groups each containing 5 questions und he fn pave to26 QUICKER MATHS ltempt more then 4 om each group. In hove many way’ cane mak: phi choice? 18, How many different groups ca be slecte for playin tennis out of 4 Joiesand 3 gememen tierebving are lady and ace genileranon each side? Solutions 1. Answer=5 2 Anawer= Li 3. Required na. of mambers = 5 xP, =§ x5! =. 190 =600 4. Requinud no. of numbers =5 x $ x 3= 75 5. Fora digit be divsibie by 5, ts ut digit must be either or 5 ‘When there is 0 at the unit place, the namher of numbers ~4P3 x =u * When tere i Sat the unit place, the numberof munbers 3'Ppe 13x60 1-18 total required numbers =74 + 18 ~ 42 6, Requited no, of such wonts="P; «7P3=2x (x 6x5)=420 17. Thete ave 12 lellers in the givea word, ot of which Enccurs three, cach ‘of and Toceurs twice, aa he ret nea only once 21 * fol no. of such words =— 2 = 1995 total hoe = 19958400 Tae 4. Thoware het vowels ag for consonants, So, tthe wows can be ‘ut in 3 even places in "P5 = 6 ways. And the Daur congonans ca: be ‘srranged in 4 odd places in “Py ~24 ways, toral co, of wonds= 624 = 144 9. Required no. of words= 8 BX BXEx BK 8x BXR. 10, The nee od places eat be occupied hy 5 vowrela in 7P3 54360 ways, ‘Whereas the feo even places can be opexpicd by 3 comouans in P2 =342= 6 ways Requized no. of words = 60 x 6= 360. q 11 No. of auch parallelogram = "Cz x 7C3 = 21 x 21-= 441 12. @)No. of ways in which A and B sit togerher= 2 41 = 48 'No. ofways in which A and 8 do not st together= 51-48 120-48 = 72 Permutation ard Corinatin 207 (0) Aferscecton owe ate wi prions ing aut ohare tot la al of ie 13, Required no, of straight lines = "C2 ~ 2+ 1=57 Tok, of a= °C x14) +(°C3 C4) «(Fea °C 18 Tota, wage “Fea Seto (S00) ++ (e530, (Sea) = 1030 16.6 Gahran, 4 Lae Comite of 3, ‘Atleast oe lly ne neds tomas ie (IL, 4G), 07 QL, 3G), or (37, 2G), o€ (SL, 1G) fey eu 2 80) 40) xr tCo ey wan 960 +626, Quicker Method: {tot ns-oeonmices (Gam men & 4 es) No, of eruitee bottled fry aes) eee WED ABATNE_ 6 ayy, Nes Oe add aS 17282 17. Group A so group cout 025 guetons cash of whic are cate auenpaed but note han oman eau (4A, 2B), (3A, 3B), (24, 4B) Seg *C2 +803 x52 4402 x94 = 504 100-450 = 200, 18.Anies 3 Geneon * o mie ute Selection of sidt-A = 40) «70, =4x 3-12 ‘Alerting de A, este han fim mich aeeteh, ‘einbe chen ose Seletonat side =1C1 Cr ence the name yayeof eet rhe team = 125 6Probability Probability is a measurenient of uncertainty. In this chapter chances of the happening of events are considered. Terminology ° Random Experiment, It is an experiment which ifconducted repeatedly under homogeneous conditions does not give the same result. ‘The result may be any one of the various possible ‘outcomes’, Here the result is not unique (or the same every tine). For example, if an unbiased dice is thrown it will not always fall with any patticular number up. Any ofthe six numbers on the dice cari come up. : Trial and Event. The performance of a random experiment is called a trial and the outcome an event. Thus throwing ofa dice would be called wtrial and the result (falling of any one of the six numbers 1,2, 3,4, 5, 6) an event. . Events could be either simple or compourtd (also called com- posite). An event is called simple if it coftesponds to a'single possible outcome. Thus in tossing a dice, the chance of ‘Eciting 3 isa simple event (because 3 occurs in the dice only once). However, the chance of eeling . a odd number is a compound event (because odd numbers are more than one, ie. 1, 3 and 5). Exhaustive Cases. All possible outcomes of an event are known ag avhaustive cases. In the throw of a single dice the exhaustive cases are 6 as the dice has only six faces cach marked with a different number. However, if 2 dice are thrown the exhaustive casss would be 36 (6 x 6) as there are 36 ways in which two dice can fall. Similarly, the number of exhaustive cases in the throw of 2 coing would be four (2 x 2), ie. HH, TT, HT and TH (where H stands for ‘head and T Zor tail). Favourable Cases, The number of outcomes which result.in the hap- pening of a desired event are called Favourable cases. Thus in a single throw of a dice the number of favourable cases of,getting an odd mimber isthres, ie. 1,3 and 5, Similarly, in drawing a card froma pack, the cases favourable to, getting a spade are 13 {as there are 13 spade cards in the. pack), Mutually Exelusive Events. Two or more events are saidio be Frtuatualty exclusive if he happening of: any one of them exciudes the happening of all others in a single (i.e. sume} experiment. Thus in the throw ofa single dice the events 5 and 6 are Mutually exclusive because if the event 5210 QUICKER MATHS happens no edie event is possible in the sae expetiment. Here one and only one of he events can take place sta time, excluding alloshers, 4 Equally Likely Cases, Two or more evealsaresaid tos equally Rely if't chances oftheir tappening are squal, ie. ture is no preference of ‘any one event to the other. Thus in a throw of an unbiased dog, the comin upot 1,2, 3,4 orGisequally likey. Ie ahelhrawofnumbased coin, the coming up af heed or ti is equally Hkels. Independent and Dependent Eveuts, An evenl ie said to be inde: purdent its happening is not acted by the happening cf other events ans ifit does notaffct ine happening oferer evens. Fans inthe tao ‘of dice repeatedly, coming up of Son the first throw i indspondent of ‘comic up of 5 again inthe second throw. However if we are successively drawing cards from a pack: (without replacentont fhe events would be dependent, The chance of getting King on the Brat drew i 4/52 (as there aved Rings in # poe. Wiis ean is 20 eplaced before the second dea, the chance of ging Xing again 2/51 ag Cire are mw only 31 card fet ane they contin aly 3 Kings. If, however thecard is replaced after the fst dea. before ‘he second dav, the events would rersain itdcpendent, In each ofthe (ovo sneoeisive Crass tae ehanoe of geting a king would he 42. ‘While tossinga coin you arenotu lsu that Lead will come, Tail may also conto. Fowever, ou are sue thet whatever will come, will boany one ofthe tv ether Mead or Tal Let us see the following wits: 3) A coin is wased. The cuivomes(esuts) may be (ELT) where Hin Flead (ofthe coin} and Tia Til of the coin. A) vo coins ate tossed The outnes maybe {H, 1), (HT) €TsM) {TyD}. A die is tease. The eutoomes may be 41,2, 3,4, 5, 6) 4 1) A ppesonis svevted ondomly andisackedtne day cftheweekon which j the was bom. The outeonies ony be (Sunday, Monday, Tuesday, { ‘Wodnesdey, Thorsay, Friday, Saturday} ; | WA candidate appours sta corbin exaennation. The Aitvames may be (es, Fil, ‘l) Cre verson isto form tangles [rom the 4 non collinear points Ay B, © aed D. The oulcemes may be {AABC, ABD, SACD, ABCD}. i) One person is wo fer 3-ligit numbers rom the given 4 digits 1, 2,3, 4, Theouteomes mey be (123, 132,124, 1} Probatilty at ‘A setcontsining si posible outzomes ofa row experiment {nkowaas Sample Space Tor the above-mentioned rial (i), mimber of Sanaple Space {S)~ 1 (or HD) +1 for T)=2 . Silly, Sor ial Gi, (S)= + 141-4 4} for Gi wl (6; far Go), iis 7 fr (9, it is 25 fe (Its *C3 = 4; Sor, Hs APynde dn 2ezt ‘ach oulcome of¢ Sample Spuoeis called an Lent This, i ‘be experiment (i), {Suday), (Monday). {Satirday) are event ‘We sto se tha ola no, of events =) 1 all the above renboned experiments, itis reasonable to acaune thet cack oxteome is as likely fo occur a eny other outome ‘Wirlotowingxeain theckane o Headta come isthe sme ashe che ofTail Now, Probability of an event (H) is damoted by PCR aa is ree). 20.0 sia yen erfiess ME)" es; Sal ao, of event (0. no. ef Sample Spucs) “When senin is tossed, as for example, probability of Head coming, POH) =.= PCD, probability of Tit coming ‘When to coins ave tossed, pobabiliy for Heads coming on 1 ¢ bots the coins Probability of at Feast one Tail comin Solved Exampl Ex, Iz A dices throwin, What i he probability thatthe aumber shown ‘on the dice is (an even no. (i) on odd no. it) ano. divisible bby 25 Gu) a no, divisible by 3, (v) ano, les a 4; (wpa 0 088 than er ial to; (vi) ano, greater Than 6; (vii) no, Yess than or equal 106. 1,2,3,4,5, 6}, 168) =6, 8) Puype QUICKER MATHS} “G92 (ano, divisible by 2)= (2,4,6},mB)=3. os ME zt z 1 2 9.2 (ono, divisible by 3)= 3,6}, n0)=2 .. PO) (7B lere tes in d)=(L2,mB=3 AB=2-} (0 (0 oes ane equ 0) (1,2,3,4} aE) =A sr? : {vi) (ano. greater than 6) = {3,2 there is a0 number greater than 6 Uesanplesce, FNP Pray ofan impsite ot 0 (itp Efe ees mee eoatto) (.2.3.4.5.0.n16)=6 Ben Sat robb of crs event =} Note: 0 Probeiy ofan tent Beckett ae ote. What he pai of happening o (i}al most one head (ii) at most two beads? Solm: n{S)=4= (CT, T}, 1,7), (110, GH HO} Foe (),E (of appestingat Yost one head) = {HT, TH, 11}, (B= 3 2 PEED For Bff wrong noe Feds) ~ (HLT, THT, n@= PIR=4=1 Ws. A poste ntegeriasteeda rao diddy 7, Wha i dn probaly Rat eran) SG 8 ts When apne igor vied by 7, ead maybe tortor ora or ort) For (i) BS= {1}, nf PEs For (ii), E (aot 1) = (0,2, 3,4, 5, 6}, ME} 6 «ree $ “4 Probabiity 213 Note: Wesee that EU) +E (toe 1) 5 + 5 bby A thon te event "at AY is represented by A' or & oF A® and is taown a complement of an event A. P(A) + POX”) PA) =1-P(A) ices own, Whats he pobabiity tx the number ais an the dios not avin by 3? Solu S~ {1,2.3.4,5,6}: 18) =6 acai 9)~11,2,4 Sh aE) 4 P (oor divisible by 3) = 4-3 rhe Mein (isl y 9-6), E)=2 2. Pdivisibte by 3)~2 Ife represent an ever (aotdivisibleby 2)= 1 - (visible ty3p= 1-4-2 Bx. Si (9: What is the chance that leap year select vanomly will ave 53 Sunday? (@) What is th chanes, ithe yer solid i nota feun yea? Soin: (eA Teup year has 366 days soit ns 52 complete wees ard 2 re days, The two days can be (Sumday and Monday, Monday ‘nd Tucsday, Tuesday and Wedaotday, Wednosday al Thurs hy, Thorsay and Friday, Friday and Saturday, Sanu and Sunay), ic. u(S)=7. ‘Out ofthese 7 cates, cases faveable for mete Sundays are {Sunday and Monday, Saturday and Sunday}, Le, n(E)=2 2 PEG (i) When the year i not a Tsap year, ihe 52 samplato workn land I more cy that an be (Sunday, Monday, Tuesiay, Weds dy, Thoraday, Friday, Satday}, 8) = (Out ofthese 7 eases, cates favorable or one more Sunday is Sunday), mE) = BE} (Chart 1: When tro dices are theewn: S= {C1 1h (1,2), 8, 2, We Be nr (2p 6s By Do B,D vw (8y Ob (Dy cree), Dy ns 8, (6, Dyes 6 6 HS) 66Probability 215 214 cucKer wal iv) Died mts ofthe nnaber ate 3.6,9 nd 12; peerena Ts) Tenis o & nit _ MSO2ES1AG A125 cogs pobabity = 22 = t oi a @ (Bras 49 5,5), (6,658) =6 a oi ey (Br = NB AD BS Oe) 3 i faa. eat 651, 1964 =P) a fie [3 | ish rs 2 | fo, (40, 539) (09 Bronte 3.1, (4.25, 33 16, 16) 8.534, 5] 9 ]4 | is).anes.pa [ios fa. sa, 1g 1a}on ges > pee tn! oT [5 [asso 2a 2) nat | 16, Beste ast Bae GME 8 SES 7 Le {oh er) 255, G3) tag). x7: A caadis drawn from apack ofcauds Whats the probability hat 5 ie tot of $2 cardst (). acarbofbiack si? ( aspade cat? Bick sit 26) (3) ax honours eard of red suit? Gs), an honours card of ciub? (0). a.card having the number Less than 77 (vi) acard having the number a multiple of 3? (vil) aking or aquesn? (wil) a digi-card of heart? (ix)_ajack of black suit? Solu: (Hint - Use.Chart Il) Por all the above cases n(8) = **C1 = 52 " on, got H crona] og] (Diemena 2) [ "Hea 03 ‘The raimbers inthe braekets Chow the eeapeesive 3. oF earls i category. Fach of Dismond, Hear, Spade and Club coins nine dgil-card 3.4,5,6,7, 8, 9nd 19 a ial of 9 4= 36 digi-cerds) along four Honour cards Ace, Xing, Qusen and Jack (etlal of 4 4 Honour esr). Ex. 6: When to dice are thrown, what ia the probity that (@)_sumofmmbers appeared is 6 and 7? (Gi)_sum of nome appeared 8? (Gil) sum of rambirs isan odd no? {Gy) eum of embers ita mubipleof 3? (©) muenbers shown ate equal? {i the diforence ofthe numbers 27 we . fea ‘Sotn: Hint use Chart I wes wes @ For 6, reqd probat iY 1s) 36 ora (yet sums ft nes 2,345.67 nd & ° 4 M}=1424344454645=26 wins 3-36 “red pbaitiy 20 us Reaaprckot $2 cds emsamdisan Wacihepeubity (6 Deinetany of endure 35,29 and re MS)=244 6 44+2=18 5 req probability =3E (Gi exactly one queen?218 (UIOKER MATHS Gi) op honours cand? iv) no cigitoatd? (9) One King and ome Queen? s2usi Seta: For all the above cases, (8) = Pc = 2551 96 «81 © Total, of Aces=4 toga 3 sot Oto 4-6 .em=pie- MET 6 Ea at Tota no of Queens —4 ‘Selection of 1 Queen card oat of 4 can ve done in "Cy —4 ways ‘ean alet the emazsing 1 card from therenaining (52 48 cands. Now, cards in ey = 48 ways, : ands 32 iE) ad nants F) . "PED x51 221 (6) Tolarvo, others card = 16 “Fo ive no hoaours card, he has to aclost sro catds out ofthe ‘remaining 52 - 16 = 36 cardia which he can doin Cp = 3235 838 Patent SR eh (PO Fe 51 2655 (8) 80) Aad je Omen este I gi 9s roma pack of 52 cas eardsaredawa, What he prob ‘her tins rermnsity {Gall hes ses? (a) oa queen, {one ace oe hing ad one ques {ions acu twosec! (hewo dgteond nd ne hennars ced of ck sit? Solu: For al the above cases XS) wine, S251 x50 cy ESL a6 re 30 4 Rin Ss «py BAM, 2 P65 17% 507 $898 @ae~“cr 2 PCE) (i) fb) ~ 805 8 47 46 Probebitiy a Git) nOEI=*C ACL x CL =H ds Andes 6 SE age ihe 0 3525 mereten=4x 4x6 6 mba tcrxtea=4x6 6. = se AAO = aoe (vpn() = “Ca » Sey = 18 35 x8 Ly 823528. 252 26% 17x50 1105 Ex. 10: A bag contains 3 red, 5 yellow and 4 green bells. 3 balls ste dem candomy, What it the probability shat dhe balls drawn contain () balls 9 different colours? (6 exaetly two groan ball? Gil) no yl all? ‘Soln: Total no, of balls=345+4= 12; 145)= c= 24g 9 Ea onder to hase 3 diferent-colowed balls, the selection of one bal of ‘eagh colour sta bo ade fb) Cy FC x 4 sed 3 Pee HT (Gi) 2 green balls can be sclectrd from 4 green balls in “C1 ways end the rest ‘one ball cen be selected foes she remaining (12 -4~)8 balls ia 80 ways, : 504 seg - ae Ea ACC, 6 B= 88 x Gil) Stats canbe slg fr 3 (ra) *igrmm) ~7 ballin" ways a oy 228 35. BOT Oe Far PO 39 5 4s Ext Ifthe lees ofthe word BQUATION be staged at random, ‘what the probaly tha hate are exactly six levers between N and B? (ial vowels are together? I vowels are amt together? Solu: There are eight different lees in the given ward208 QUICKER May 4 Total no, ofamengements, nS) "Ps = 8! OTN oscupies Sst pace, East occupy fast place and vice versa 0 ‘there are exatl ss lets n betwen the Jlrs N ond. N and ‘be arranged in "Pp = 2 waysand the rest six places can be filled by ‘emtining ic lets (Q, U. A, Ts Land O) in Ps. 6! ways nfB)= 2x68 axe 2 PE) ene id Considering al tho five vowels as ome Teter we Rave & tot (Consonanis}+ 1 = 4 eters which can be arcanged in "Pe Futthefive vouels en aloo be arranged 5! ays among the So, ind x 51 wayca the leters be ranged sth vowels s pgyedlZs) 4x32 1 Legon ests rpg Ags Add (Gi) P (AML vowels are no gether) = 1 - PAI Yowels are together)» 3 4 Ex. 12: A three-digit number is formed with the digits 1,3, 6,4 and § ‘random, What is the chance tat the number formed is Gavisible by 22 i) not divisible by 27 6) divisible by 3? Solu: A throe digit mumaber can be formed with the given five digits i “P3 ways, Le. (8) °P3=5 «4 x3 (@ Any one of the two éigite and 6 should come at units place, whi cen be dose in 2 ways. After filling up the units place, the remaini ‘wo places cun be filled up with the ceraining four digits n *P2 ways n@)=24Py=2 x4 even BMD APD K4x3 5. Dm BALD F { Gi) P (not divisible by 2) P (divisible by 2) 243 (UD, A-sumbor is divisible by 5, ehen its units digi is ether O-0r 5 ‘We have not bea provided the digi 0. So the unite place can be fil ‘up with nly ne. n 1 way. The ret wo places can beled up with Probably 216 tberemnining 4 dig n “Fa way a ixtppedn Aes mea Ameds 5 PE AL Ex. 13: There ao 4 boys and 4 gis, they sitiv2row randomly. What isthe chanco tha llth gris da not at together? 3 Sola: Try youael. Answer= Ex. 4: The eters ofthe word “ARTICLE” is avanged in diferent ays ‘randomly. What is tho chanee thatthe vowels occupy the eer places? Solu: The 7 diferent ltrs of the word ARTICLE can be aranged io W995, .640(8)=7! 8) =P By = At = 6 24 ‘Wat isthe probability thatthe committee will have number of| ‘boys los han naraber of girls? Solu: Selestion of | boy and girs in 50) x 403 = 5 « 4=20 ways Selection of4 gists and no boy in Gy x * Ce =. n(E)= tla no, of ways = 21 : ‘Without any restriction, a committee of 4 can be formed from anor ateasPCo= 2 ETE 72 ME} 21k 3 Pe) nS) 9x 7x2 6 x 6:Aonc Ms bal aD Spent semen heal aun, Wit ea Oa Stee nsotcamre coe ae yl ces wo De DE Dee Day PNewwot these Sotn: Totalno.ofballs=4+3+5=12 (5) =ea = Bo a) =f C2480 =643% 19-19220 QUICKER MATHS Reid pai, =H = 38 Eu thiatareatngore avec! ne tv be nF ta ea ents ee a Scobie ones eae ee bg De 9 92 yxmcatine suns2 Hatem neg “1-63 Soy) 4 1st ; sor (Stein corbin tae xe linenauatene sarees mes Qa amtnse 2bad geod Gy} bad 3 good Coraiintion of (, {il} and (iv) can be stid to be "Ad least one good" We have, BG) + {P4i)+ Poi) + POW)) or, P() + P{At least one good) = 1 s. P{At leas one good} = 1 -P(AII 3 bad) box contains 5 green. yellow and 3 white marbles. 3 marbles ave dei at randoen. What isthe probability that they are nov of the same colour? Bx. 18 DE a 9B 42 sywoneotttese Solu: 2; Tot no, ofbalts 5-4-3 12 w2g, <1 m9 Fan a ‘3 mubles ont of {2 macbos cen be drawn in 220 ways, Fal he tse marbles are ofthe same cour, itean be done in Soxetes 3c1= 104441215 ways Now, all dheJmsiles of besame colouz “Pal the 3uatbles sve not ofthe sare colo) = | Pall he 3 mates ae not of the sare colon) Probilty 2a ‘Bx. 19: Out of 15 stodemts studying ina clas, 7 ae fon Mebarashta, 5 from Kamatekcsand3 from Gos, Four studentsaretobeselected at random. What are ihe ebanees that atleast ace is fle Kar- notaka? 12 yl 19 SL DE atk aA a 8h none otticse: Solm: 2: P(A¢ least one frera Kamatata}= I - P(No ote fom Karnstaks) "cy y _1x9x8%7 2) 2 Boy | TEx Ms x2 2 A bag comtsing 5 red and 8 black balls. Two draws of tee balls ‘ach are made, the ball being roplaced after the frst draw. What js the chance tha tho balls were rod in dhe frst draw aud Back i, the second? aca, Fes a0 WW Te, * Tey” BOM x24: A hg cots § black ad white balls. ball is rasa ov of ‘tand replaced ithe bag, Thon a balls run again, Wats the ‘prooability that (i) both the balls draw. were black; (ii) both were white; (ii) the first ball was white ancl the second black; {iv} the Tia all was flack and he secoue white? Solu: The evets ar inependent sad expabie a sullaneous occu rene. Te eule of eliplication would bo applied “The pebability bat Sola: Required probal 5,538 @) both the balls were black <>» = Tay i Sewhie Ze 2-2 Gp bom teat wie whe Ex = os as 6) heft was whe and second black = Fx = FS S738 (Go) te frst was black and second vile = x = 2 Ex. 22: A bag contains 6 rel and 3 white balls, Fourballa are dren out ‘one by oneand matoploced. Wet is he probability that they ate altomately of different colows? ‘Soln: Balls can be deawi alternately in the Following onder Red, White, Red, White OR White, Red, White, RedImportant Note: In Px, 20 & 21, the two event Be Sotm: Such problems cm be very easily solved with the help ofthe rules ‘QUICKER Mari Rod ball is dm first, the probability of drawing the bal 35.2 at 7%G -O "White bal is drawn frat the probability of drawing the bl 3625 shorty Bx 84243. indopendoat cen ocear simuitanevusly. 80, we wed "meltiplication” In of “words, since the word AND wins used between two ovens, sed multipkcation. Mark that both alsa mouns firs aud: An Ex. 22,7n () we used aldition hess the two events Joined with OR: A bag contains 4 white and Gre balls. Two dravs af one ball ‘nck are mage without replacement. What isthe probability that one is red and othor white? patie sd combs ‘Two balls can be drawn out of 10 balls in “Cz or 8 or sons 2 easy One wie tac bam cto whittlin er Ale cet ‘One red betl can be drewn out of 6 red balls in "Cy or 6 ways. Te utaunr owns twinge and ons ze 40) x °C ord x 6-24, (See Important Note sven above) “The ed phi ede Sofa ew hes aT eee te Soo RE x r as Rx, 24: A bag contains 7 while and 9 black halls. Two balls are drawn imsuovession at random. Whats the probability that ove of then, is white andthe other black? is’ Probability 28 ‘Sohne Tota] number of ways of rewing 2 balls am {7 +9) of:16 balls Necy 16 _ 16 1S eGsaig ge ‘Nursber of ways of eaweing a white ball out a27C) = Number of ways of drawing bleclc ball out of 9s 9, = Bt ir ‘Number of ways of drawing white ands black all sweuld be Tey OC1= 75 9-63 % ‘The required probability = SL St.: Ratio and Proportion | x The number of times one quantity contains another quaniity of the same kind is called the ratio of the two quantities. Clearly, the ratio of two quantities is equivalent to the fraction » that one quantity is of the other. . . Observe carefully that the two quantities must be of the same kind. There can bea ratio between Rs 20 and Rs 30, but thete can be no ratio between Rs 20 and 30 mangocs. The ratio 2 to 3 is written as 2:3 ord. 2and 3 are called the terrns of the ratio. 2 is the first term and 3 is the second term. The first term ofa ratio is called the amtecedentand the second the consequent. . In the ratio 2: 3, 2 ig the anteecdent and 3 is the consequent. Note: The word ‘antecedent’ literally means ‘that which gots before’. ” The word ‘consequent’ iterally means ‘that which gocs after’. 2. Since the quotient obtained on dividing one concrete quantity by another of the same kind is an abstract number, the ratio between two concrete quantities of the same kind is an abstract number. Thus, the ratio between Rs 5 and Rs 7 i335: 7, Since a fraction is not altered by multiplying or dividing both its numerator and denominaior by the same number, a ratio which is also a fraction is not altered by multiplying or dividing both its terms by the same number. . . ‘Thus 3; 5 is the same as'6 : 10, and 15: 20 is the same as 3: 4. Compound Ratio . : ; Ratios are compounded by multiplying together the antece—" dents for a new antecedent, and the consequents for a new consequent. Ex.: Find the ratio compounded of the four ratios : 4:3,9:13,26:5and2:15 44942662 16 Bx13%5x15 25 Note: When the ratio 4 : 3 is compounded with itself the resulting ratio- is 4? : 37. Wis called the duplicate -ratio.of 4: 3. ‘ : Similarly, 4? 37 js the triplicate ratio of 4:3." Ws Soln: The required ratio =226 QUICKER MATHS IIB ali and Proportion mat VE: VB is called the subduplieate ratlo of 4:3. 2°: is subtripticateratl ofa and b, Inverse Ratio 12:3 be the givon ratio, thes £ reciprocat rato. Af the anmecedent = the consequent, the rato is called the Fatio ‘equality, such ab 33. the amecedent > tho consequens, the rasio i called the fatto eater inequality, as 43, ibe witecedent< the consequent, the rato i celled the ratie ofl inequality, 0 3:6 ‘Bxl: Divide 1458 tan two pars such that one may be tothe ther as 2:7, 458 27 1458 iat = Fe USE, 2nd pa = 7 NHS Eix2: Find three numbers in the ratio of 1:2; 3, s0 thatthe sur: of their squares i equal to 504, . Soln: Let the numbers be, 2x, 3x. Than we have, x! + Gy? + Gur 506 on La 502 x=6 “Heneo, the requited nubere are 6, 12 and 18. x3: A.B, Cand D ate four quantities ofthe same kind such thar AiB=3:4,B:C=8:9,C: D= 15:16. @@ Find the ratio A=; (i) Bind ABs Gi) Find A 73 °C. Soln: tstpart=2 x 30:40 5 48 288, ‘Note: 1) Inthe Equation (2), B= 8. To mako the ratios equivalent, the “8° ia @) should be reduced t's (equivelemt wo B in (1) 2) In the Bquation(3), C= 15. To make theratios equivalent, the “15° in @) should be reduce to (equivalent ro C im 2 (0). inde A:B=1:2,B:C=3:4,C:D=6:9 and D:E=12:16, Find AB: C:D:5, Sola: A:B, = SAIB:C:D=3 04: CR os Dz ALB:€:D:B #3:6:8:12:16 Ip the above example, we moved ftom below, because itmade the ‘calelaions esse. ‘Theorem : Ifthe ratio betwoen the frst and the second quantities Is + band the ratio hotween the second and the third quantities is ca, ‘hen the ratlo among frst, second and third quantities is given by ne be bd t ‘The abova mt cen be represented diagramatical’y 35 Ll . Nate A:BiC=6:8:9 Gi} We pue dovin the frst sation its original form and change ‘he terms of ihe ther ratios so a8 to make each antecedest equal to the preceding eoasequent. — sid wes be betio ane Proportion m9 78 ‘QUICKER MATHS ‘ Its nay to prow this by the same metnod usod ia the previous Proof: Weve Pint «Second a:b; Second Think =c:¢ Prof iveaay proves hy ih y ‘heen Toca we ae toe coset) 6: t0and@sD= 5217 eth fol mao anasto he sean ai Soe atopy MER EEA BOS: ARSC RTD «the first ratio by c and the sccond ratio by b, Therefore, : Ba First: Second be y = sn10 Second: Ti be: bd Seip eter ‘Thon, Fist: Second Third = abs bd : Poe x 15: 1G 5 24x 107 Ex.S: The sum erties sumbers in 98. Ie rto benveenthe fist ang ABO: Da=3x Gx ABLE RSIS: second be 2: 9 nnd tal between the second and third be 3:8; ‘ then find the second amber. Note 1 3 canbe solved th he tia of above mowers. Ty Sola : Tie tieorea does no: give the dec! velue of the second mnuuer, Bi Co A CDE SankD: ‘but we eam fad the combined ratio ofall the taree numbers by sing the above theorem ‘The ratio among the three murnbens is Bed 5:8 9:15:26 2 ME te second number =—— 28 45 E Bo lat Dene FoR ED TESTS xdv3 ia ds Bx RANTING Bx, 6; The ratio of the money with Rita and Sita is 7 : 15 end that with . eer preriere rere an! Kava 7 #16. I Rita as e490, ow sacs ney 3:68:12 96 (oad Kavita have? Bx. 8: A hound purties ahare and takes 5 leaps fo every 6 leaps of te tare, but leaps of the hound are <3 to 5 laps of the Bare Pas CCovapere the res of Po hood aed the ate 49:05 | 340 Sot ep of d= 5 eps ofa ‘The ratio of money with Rita, Sita and Ravita is 49: 108 : 240 *, Sfeaps of hound = 2 teaps of hare We serthat 49 = Redo) 240= Rs 2400 i ‘Theorem erin between he fist and he vecond quantities is || «che ratcof ound: misetbare = ‘1b; the ratio betwen the steond and the third quantities ise: ” fi and the ratio between the third and the fourth quantitiesise:fthen Ratios . ‘the ratio among the first, seeond, third and fourth quantiles is given! nae —— astede "Thon i tequted ratio.of speed isthe rato ofthe oross-produet, | that pod of hound : speed of hae 5% 5: 6 <4=25 :24 12x91 A can doa pie of work in 12 days. Bis 0% move efficent har "A Find the eusber of Gays takes B todo the sine piece of werk280 QUICKER MAT? lo anc Proportion 231 soln: AGB Joi Tete are 12 aor nthe carton So, ha gm af ems he ficiency 100; 160 rao rust vic 12 exsaty, We see tat2 113 dhador 2 Day 160 160 tus. 3-41 = dale divide nol 3 +25 doo Ode oes eo [Desai has owr ansver 28) the sumber of days aken by B25 = aaa aypraken by B Og 5 = = 7 PROFORTION o ‘Consider the two rai By the rule of faetion: Aa Bison fin itis lear ht tate 2adeae ‘complete the work infest days. So, the nurabor of Jays (12) should mmaliplisd by a lewthancone Tracton ard tha: faction 08. Tia aer is pg Their, our required answer is Woo 1245 as eign et 7 (ne mies Tres of weer 2 res of a anor litres of watecto 10 lines of milk. What isthe aso te st ‘of mill in the two weixtures? Soln Strength of mln the frst msare ebm Shc tid nd 6 one 2, fe we one Spl Tegal ote net propo eames, ed ace onde a properten parte yes eenrg: deco Bac) veg ea 6:18-6:34 ‘There 66 8and 2a lho erm 6 he est erm, {So send Ae ta an 2 fot Tet fark tema Lend elt em el tea ‘Sette 18nd ened men ee ‘So eater prions I dffour quanuities be in proportion, rhe product of the exiremes is equal to the product of the means. te ee tees Sar 2a grgion Wet d Minty etait 48 nasa Beak ext Dx 14 1S eH Ex Iz Rs 425 in divided smong 4 een, S women and &boye such the stare ofa min, a woman and a boy may be inthe ratio of 9:8: Whatis the share ofa woman? Solas The mi sfames gor of men women snd toys 48x54 arian oe Shave ofS women 55 ag yaa “40 = RS 170 2. Pins quautes of the same Kind are soit to be in contiaued heshareort 0 peig raportion ion the rato ofthe frst othe second is equal tothe + the share of I worran = 7° Rs tata ofthe second tothe third Bx 12: Ifa carton comtalning a davon mince is dropped, which of following eamiot be the ratio of broken mirrors to a The second quantity i eller the mean proporttonal herwcen the fist and the third >and the third quantity is called the third pro- smirors? [portional 1 the first and second. M21 @s:t BaD ‘Ths, 9, ard are in continued propertion for 9:6: :6 +4, @t2 O75 Hence, 6s the mean proportional betwean Y and 4, and 4 is io third proportional wo 9a 6,me ‘QUteKER ay Find tae fourth propontonal tothe nurabers 6, Sand 15. _Soln: If x be the fourth proportional, then 6: 8= 15 =x On gels Cis xe SB aan ‘Ex.2: Find the third proportional to 1S and 20. : “Tree, we have fo fd a fourth propertinal fo 15,20 and 20, Ixbe the fourth propostintal, we howe 15 :20= 202% = poe 3 inthe mean proportional between 3nd 75, Solu: fx be the required meas proportional, ws have y 3EKs RTS, Vinx Bn =15 [Notts is evident chat the mes proportianal between. twa numbers 1" equal to the square coot of their product. ‘(Rememb Coir pao 15: 25H a desta gen oe os novo. Te ora denoted by x. We wantte find x. ‘eben hema on oh ya toons 3 ‘Hence, the 4th term cen be found by the following rile oe: Muti tnt teas er a ete ron tee lash oyccorming cnet quai, Dine Proprio: Cou aero blower Pert tra StSe She Sat Beier cence Bebe fats eine oe eptroilsiote mena te ws ‘ineioe sat iccanctackret si iene efter saa Stat! bcd one 2 thee cot EEE ya Tice afin of was cia re po perion civ nsthe he enqueue sda Sex=15 x8 on x =u io and Progarton 28 thtifane of hem is mlipied (orn yay mina the is sie lied (or dvd) bythe ante mu. Inverse Proportion: Conifer he flowing ample. ns is mon can copa eld 28 days, sw many aye wl 10 Binreg't San: Har til be sen at te nema of men be nen 3, ete, he nurber of Gays Wil be Ceres 2 3, Hn, mes. “free severe aio nemuaer uf wens eqn abe tld of cosepoing umber oF dyn 28 : the required numberof days on, 10:13:28: a eqied mater of days + Ge roqied munber of days = S228. “The hove example san estaton of what ical averse proportion Ins case, toto ates ar 0 wld th if oe of toe nuipi by any nary, tbe ober s divided bythe seme umber, a ce versa Noe The aangament figures ay essa problem. To ovens ta weg veyoua pert uletooimastioRULLO? THREE. ‘the Rale st Three: Phenathod finding he eh ermofaproperton “hen the other es are sn scaled Sle Proportion or he Rae of'Three mover quustionaf spl ropstin, tw of the geo tm arcofthesatelad andi id ears oftesimeladasthe oqiod ‘earth orm Mowe gid the ale of anny the tem ina question of simpieprpsrton. Fes Dense quay tobe und hy he eter 9° anda it dor ashe ah er " TH: Oe thee given quant dow tht fr he in tenn tthe othe same nda he quo be found. TMI: Now, cans ler cache hunni vob found wi Eero schon he th terms fret, the ster OTR tre reining cuamites he Sn term, ard sh tbe sk ‘dena ies mae he les uy Ihe second an he ipesscte Bete. TVs Non the required valu Malipication of means Ist erm26 QUICKER MATHS Aferhovingte doit aomce sto poportonsan ule of Tees, we now sive ome ote Samper wba ea solved by the unitary method. ” Bs Ts af 1S ns cost 39, do 21 toast? Sai Ths san cranplet det epatin Resa Ue mmkerot okie cer costae eee by hertuleorTaress "Reed os Pha Stren cos Step Lise cow mt pnt tan teen ct oe ‘er ety wilson as aed one Fe ‘Stoots 71 Sola tas Requeslooe supv + Toa given ttn, 12 peraems mee 11] toys. In dhe same tre, 148 {ays ate w be mo. How many persons should be employed? Ex, Sot Step 1s 0 None of Step Ms ds oes Step II The rence somber openers sme Howes IU 128 12:9 Step 1 MEAD aig Rx. 3:16 192 mangoes cane ought forRs 5, fo i rN For RS 15 hos many an bobenghe Sula: StopT t= the negied nen Seep oar ner goes Sep Aste recielcuntiy would ie es, ieseisne Spi: aS 24 IfSnencan spe Fld dys, now my oye ls sen api? Soli: “ Sep Requted amber of days Step. on Step The raied ober ofan wilde mee se Sil ‘ake more time thus 15 men, Therefote, $13" 28 Reto and Proportion Bs spt: se $10 uth goa 60 ef 5 A 1, 25 sient ease fnd cna Sete eee som: Red woa ef(4510-)354 Ha ct herenlang ie wal bso tee ed Bae oi ul ae. he ‘oa es He gcy 35 dn teeter eda store of eB ey Conpuma Proprton Dai the Serna st aa ow many bcs cn Nema en svn: Wermselne sea in i quis Sa eda te aera mig? Sine Ses” ao hccnes denied oc bcone = thee, fice = pets 23cm epee eeereried sythefuea Ti uae, 30a tore oft 27222 450 Weve cel nner obese SD. vez chagaia ete haat hy compoanding oo a Testor eioncnbecohedinasinge ssp Wess he Hee iehibece sn Bren 136mon ] 80 beat: the ead no. of hectares 3 hectares the reqd. no. of hectares. 30360, A days: 39 days Multiphigation of means Taeren no of eta = Tt srans 1 36030 _ yay Bx28 Bx 7: 1°30 men sorking 7 hrva day ean doa piece of work in 18 days,uoKE RTAS inhow any days il 21 men working is adh do the sme plese of werk? " * Son aa en 30 ] ism cmt nota ler Note: Two ki Qf cc te Two ne of ei au so (1) Less men : more days, * pa Nee a IHS menor wonmaer a bysdoe ise of ym ‘og sad, mea oon ame eed ae ‘oman byt dose ot rome pet in 202 wor es any? + Useilal * * {Mare aps mn Bie wokgn ve nee OG) an wot name Face fy ne alee, iby ye ‘ie Sh Le 2 yo 1 24 days ] = 19 men the edn. of ren 15 x12 8x 2.25 0x61 Now, we have, 2¢ women =15 men © 12women =7.5 mes ‘And also, 36 boys = 15 moa Siren * the wad.no. of me 12 women-+ 6098=7542.5= 10 men So, 18-10 Sen mustbe aaceated Fs. 9 guison of 2200 meni provisional Tr 16 weeks a ‘he ate OFS 688 pe day po ina. tow may tne snut Lae Ae ssnsun so thar te same provisions may lag 2 weees ar) ce Berday porn? * use the Zllowing stops in teeing (a Pormare weeks iss nen are needed Rais and Proparion 27 (2) Pores dag, more msn ote ned So, bythe Ru of Toe 2A weoks: [6 weeks ] 2200 me he Lega mo. of dys 33 dag 43 dag 2200 J 45 zasag 00 ence, 7200-2000 = 200 men mis eve the ganisoa. Bax 10: Two engged whels, which onc has 16 cogs and ie oer is 27, work toto ach other, Uf the later tums 80 tase tres {quarersofe mina, how ofen dows te other tmnt 8 seconds? Soln: Reasoning tobe used (1) Less cops, more ts (@) Less imo Tess tue, 16 0gp: 27 ec "] 80 ane sata 45 ace 850 By be Rule ot Tne x27 8 6 5 Bx 1 £30 men Jo apiece of workin 27 doy, in wie ti ean rnundn anther pece of work 3 timer gy eat? Soin: Men 18-30 Perea ‘]:2 teat tion Worl 1:3 . | saat ns the read, of days = 35 digs 20303 Tex ‘Ex 12: fa family of 7 persons can tive on Ri 840 for 36 days, bow lon, cana family £8 peqscns live an Re 810? sansp ttn | -sesinamatal| Rs 840: 810 no ty 647810 no, of days = S647 810 , the reg no. ofeiys = B27? 7 days 1000 cops ofa book of 13 shea rsquiee 26 reams of paper, hhow much paper is required for 5000 copies of a book of 17 sheets?238 ‘QUICKER MATH Soln: Books 1000, - + ab pane wx [ Stews 13:17 Dee ee pg 26% $000 x 17 2 the qunonity of paper x 25000217 — 199 qusnniy of paper 22217 — 70 ars Ex. 4: 1f6 men can doa piace of work in 30 ays of 9 hour each, how! ‘many men wil i take to do 10 times che amoust of werk i tae work for 25 days of 8 hours 7 fe wood ings lines of reasoning inthis question: (C1) Less days, mare men (ie, if werk i ap be Fin hed fa lens days, ‘there should be mere men tt te oe) {@) Lesswvorking hours, moremen Ge, ifthe working bourses, lino ‘nner of persons et werk should be saore to compte the work 8 stipulated sa}. (2) More works more men (ie, ifthe wore is more, the number of ‘persons shoul be moreso that atte work ca Be finished within the Sol ven time. Following tie Rae of Tee: Step 1: Days: His: fhe reqd-no. of men Work Step Il: The Rule of Three states that ) To do tie work in less days (25 days) we nced mare men ‘Gkeavoaing : Less days, more men), hence greater Vale wil goal the secon place and sialir value wl gost the ft place. Like tis Days: 25:30 (2) Tie wocking hours (8 fs) is less now, so we need more men, ‘Ths, the greaer value will goat the 2nd place and the smaller ve wil go atte Ist plage, Like He: 8:9 (3) 1 eher is more work 10 times) we need more men, Thus, pester value wil go 2 the 2nd place and the smaller value wil go atte Tot place Like! Wore: 1:10 Thus, we ceach the stage where ai the Blak in Stop 7 ca be filled up Patio ans Properton 230 Days 25 330 He 8:9 |: 6x Work 1:10 ‘Now, by the Rule of Thres, we have ‘Third term Mutiliasion of ress Xo Mulipication of fire ens 63059210 me eee Now, wo go tor the Rule of Fractions, which is very mush simjlar to tae Rule of Thee in theory. Some Basics of Fractions 2) When a faction fats aumerator greater than the denorsinatr, ts value is grater tie one. Let us call it greater fraction. Whenever 2 tn) lie ye gra atone he gots on For sme: Wien umn gta at 2, ih is greater then 15 (2) When a traction has its numerator les shan the denominator, its value i less than one. Let us eal it oss fraction. Wrenovera inursber (say x) is mulrpliod by a less traction, i gives # value less the self For example : ssx Bag hshitetian 5 Note : We will use the above two basics as well as the reasoning used. inRnle of Three while solving Bx. Id by the Rule of Fractions. Soln: Step 1: We look for ur requited unit. isthe neraber of man, So, ve write dow the umn af men given in he quit. 6. ‘Step TL: The numberof days gts nehiced from 30 to 35, so it wil ‘ee! more men (Reaowing Lest diye, mre men. Iesezply means that 6 should Be zeltplied by 2 greater fraction because wo need a a 30, wake peste han 6. So, we have : 6 30 QUICKER MATH step loving in sr wy, eh se Sl be in reat e493 Swe 20. 535 5 Step LY : Following in the same say, we se that the above fi sh be ip yet nn Eby 22. Sw ne ‘Ex, 15; Ina given period, 9 persons can make 108 toys. How meny pperions ace needed to raake 48 oysin the samepericd? Soin : We see that we equi les number af toys. So, less number of} [persons is needed, [t means the given number of persons should bbe muttiplied by 2 less fraction. Thus, cur answer should be 9 88 4 persons v5 7 x 16; 1F 8 men can reap 80 hectares in 24 days, how many hactaras ‘ean 36 men reap it 20 days ? Sola : Step 1; The reqcired unit is hevtae, wo we write down the given! ‘numberof hectares, ie, 80. Step IL: The number oF men ixoreases, so now they will reap ‘more hostares, 30, 80 should be multiplied by a greater Faction, Sp homey oe ed ete sc mmc hera an cave! sei ohms PROPORTIONAL DIVISION Pernt epi ode on unl opus which are proportional t8 the given mumbers. EEL LLER lant ee pepe mn "ie st share = x Sa twee 0 2 nase « SeRsas0" 5 \ 2nd shave: land Proportion oat 4 Sed share = Rs 1250 > 5 Ex.2; Divide Rs 391 lato tree pans proportional to the Factions 123 Dat “ Soln: Mutiplying these rat by the LCM of the denominators 2,3, 2 Rasue 4 namelyl2, wegst $2: $=0:8:9 Now6+849=23 2s tatpane 381 2 a is 102 and past = 381 Rs 126 srdpat— J x 391 Ra 153 [Nate The third pert may also be found by subtracting the sume of Ra {02 snd Re 136 from Rs 391. Ex: A certain sum of money is divided among, A, B end C’such that for exch rupee A has, B sss 65 paise and C has 40 puie, 1 C's share is Rs 8, find the aura oC money. Soln: Here A: B: C= 100: 65 :40=20 Now, 204 13-+8=41 s =Ra As A of de whsiesum=R38 the wholes Re Es 4 as Divide Ra 1560 rong, B,C 30 fat A sal eve Zs ms ss uxiCwyay sm 2 ota Amat Cer de Sola: A's share :(B-+C)s shares 2:9 Al) Bra shave: (A+ C)'s sturo = 3211 ——-2) ‘Now, divieing Rs 1540 in ths ratio of 2; 9and3 11, ine Efe 199 =Bs230 4 Fy of Rs 1549 = Re 330 (Cvs share ~Re 1540 Rs 280+ 85.220) = Rs 020 [BxSe Divide $81 inte three pars suck that times the frsimay be equal Bs share:nae ‘quicker mart 0 times the second and 7 times the thir, Solu: 4 times the Ist pa 1 5 simes the 2nd = 7 simes the 3rd ani pan $ 3rdpart=t Gay) se Aat part sept Sndpat-tadjaneb 2 Lags.assa0 i 8 acronis Nate Rain at fr gute Sree priate inca ofbenamerresants exteelo Red arog heeronen A Ra att ‘Scr my hes Rois epee nos albin ge Som: fa eos Gleti eso sey 00 Distng Renin 2 Sea : Avihae= ofa 200 os thee Ret SRS CS i wa Se peg hs Moos Rs 1S Re 101s eh Drie Re 30mg? mo nomen toys Sehwmen my hes os hanagnsta aa Seriaomn nsdn ter sed fon acach pea Sen: Ee tee tey amt tose eee how ene: B's share = of Rs 2400+ Rs 10= Re 810, ] Csshare 2 toes ope a3 Dive Re iit wo as. we hae Times tne 22 a0 Ra 50 © Ln’ share = 5 T A boys! shere—Rs 80 1 Uhoy’s atate= Rs 20. and # woman's sha Rs 80 (As tman boys) HRs 25 60, io end Prosorton as Bs: How amy onan coin ify eit an ey = saeco of eh ie soni a poral 25,9 4, agers Re 210? Soln: Here 24:3 6:8 1 1 ‘Theit proportional value Sx 12645 1 9x5 Naw, 5+ 342510 + the velue of rupees = 4 3 Theva oy ces, ‘eae of 2 pu ot 2 oR 20=Be42 ‘Tosefore there ee 103 upers, 126 Iy-pase cosa 168 rest FBvepmite conn, ‘Miscellaneous Examples | ‘Theorem : In x tres tbetuce af mall and water, the ratio of will and water i azbthe quanthy of water (abe oded I order tomala ner esaie=E Proof Quy ofa eminnee = ee Quantiy of water im the masture ==. ‘Suppose we added kites of water to get our roquized ratio (6:0). Taen wehave of Rs 210= Rs 105, a of R21 on (5) , 259) id rlare)'L awb ae x(ed bey axsyesb) A (a+ be [Nowe +The above salt very sytematie, Mey shoul remembered, Tesaves alouftine. Ex 1s lO ites inte of milk and water the ratio of milk ad watee24 ‘quicKer mares is 3: 1, How mach water should be added in the myjcure 89 the ratio of milk to water becomes 2: 1? ~ Salm: Solving the above question by the direct formu given in the above theorem “The quantity of water to be added to got the required tai: MBA AT HD) AD sco Coe Note : The shove sohition can be verified as follows in 60 tes of misaure, rid 40 3.= 50 fites at . avid water ~ "40 -30= 19 tives. : tres waterside; so in the tow mitre, ilk 630 ites wast 10 Fin, tenow ais 15°2 ven in fa enon Ex 2:10 30 tes me of milk and water, tho ali of milk ond eat in7-3. Pin the quai of wateto te aod in he are decom i tats Sola ollowing th stve core, we have, . saiwer= 00 *T=3439.. 40 Resa. 343)” “Ose - Nate: Teabove question th speci case ofthe above menor Sean ree tea ett reve evo 5 lire. ‘This ratio i she same 2 ‘he teal quality of iil mixture equals the devominator {ela by) In ihiscasy, the weriobesdedma?— “Theorem A misture conte milk and water inthe rato a:b 1 litres of waters added Co the mixture, uk end water become nthe ratio 26. Then the quantity af milk inthe miature i gree 2 and that of water a given hy == = es Froth gouty iste Tengu f= ie enki gi of r~ Es ‘When «litres of wate are added fo tho minute, we kaye 9 MDM +x sD) 4.5 gg, aM ab ath PM +x(a +b) © ogemaanersa ry ith “hus ihe qual of i inh eee Mant) “aeb (a+bye—b) e-b Silay th qaneity f tern the ie DM bea) ba a+b Grbye-B) 6 fx 3: Aistue conaies nian! water inte ai of 3:2. 24 ines fuser ide fo tee sll and wate inthe mre ‘ovis gua Pad he antes of mill ndwatexintho mixture Sotn:ITwevanioauledhesboreqvesionby the fxorom stat above, Tom ofrauos fo: bande. nthe Shove queaion the faa! abo iy 3 +2. Thus, o-equate the Sstooeen ofthe ato, we with soon ati 3:3. Then by the above direot fornmls = ‘Tae qiamty of milk etsamitrypits te tito. Ossie Sriegtuatitmcerae oes tcmes trad easier kt nha san fi ee eS nn ea oo ee tear cataten art Sande ‘he oe gui atten = 22 2A 13 -onen ‘ee 3 quanti X and acta no. Tan ops rr Pato teen cy eens zm and the quaatity of water in the mixture =26 ‘QUICKER MATH Wea srt = Then by ns ofconpnseddete: EY AA XTY Tany On XFY:X-Vaxtyixey Ex. 8: A sum of money is divided between two persins inthe ratio af [Note:The sbove question ezn als be coved as follows (his moth is similar tothe above theorem: S-32R820 $432 20 Popo ye ReaD Ex. 6: The prices ofa scooter and a moped arein the eiio of 9: 5. fa iozed. ‘Soln :Folléwing the method mentioned in the above note, we have, 9-35 Ream 3.32 Bx sos 5250 ‘Theorem : In any two two-dimensional igure, ifthe corresponding sides ave in the ratio &:b, then their areas are in the ratio a? b?, Proof: Toprove the above theorem, wo tsketho case ofa rectal, This will be tre for every other fxo-dimensional figure ale, Suppose we have « seetangle whos» sides are x and y. ‘We ate given that hess of another rectarwle ae ia she ation shy tiesto wena xan ‘Therefore, the ratio ofthe Iwo areas = xy Ex. 7: Thesides ofa haxagon are enlarged by hres tints, Fd the ratio ‘of the areas of the new and old hexagons, Soln: Following the above theorem, we see tht th ratio of the comre- sponding sides of the two hexagons i- a:b ‘Threfrs, the rato of hes areas in giver by Peate 1:9, web Ex. The ratio of the diagonals of two squares is 2: 1. Pind the catio Sola: ‘and Proportion er cot thei areas. Boln: We shoal follow the same rue when Gre ratio of diagonals js sven instead ofthe ratio of sides, Thus, the ratio oftheir arees = gateger Ix. 9: The rato of the rains (or diameter or circumference} of FO ‘cittlesis 3. 4, Find the ratio oftheir areas, ollowing the mule, ws bave, ratio oftheir sreas=3? 4? =9: 16, [Note «The above meationed theorem is te for any two-dimensional figure aed Zor any massuring length related to that figure (see Examples § and 9. ‘Theorem + In any (vo 3-dimensiona} figure, ifthe enrresponding sides or ofer meastring lengths are im the Fatio ab, then their Yolumes arein the ratios :b?, PSO sa eto 2:1. Fhaeiatoot trois oy et tapas dle ft et ohne of old to new parsilclopipe. ‘Sobe : (2) ‘The roquived ratio (2}*: G8 B21 (W) The required ratio= (1): QP = 1:8 shorn Thess nneee no bas ah eh wan Bigot by usinie comers The webesa abe we-me=o ae And te oo nuberare ven at ES ays BEES tana. eat eX ‘ee nb ea enya Se pen Se STR eat by MMe 6g ath) gab ‘Sam of the to numbers ~ Difference of the org nurabers = ‘Proofon Kix) 6 eX eRe eb) © Antenne te Eo AD og a De a be difference ofthe two auroers the aiference ofr wo nuns = "A= DG Ex. Ub; The tatio between two numbers is 3: 4 If each musaber bef increased by 2, the ratio becomes 7:9, Find the rurbers, Soin : Following tae above theorem, the snbors ars 2E30=9) | 2x4i7—9 3x9 9x7 cg Ax7 or, 12 and 16, Ex. 12: The ratio between two qumbers is 3 : 4. If each moubet be Iioreased by 6 the ratio Becomes 4:5, Fin the wo mambecs. ‘Sola +The ubove question may be consideted ea special eaxeof he above theorem hese c-a=d-b is casy to distinguish thistypeof question. insucha question, ‘ere should be 2 uniform increase i ratio, Le, the antecedent and ‘consequent is inreased by the same value, Ta the above question, we sce that bot the vatovedent and the onsequent ate increased by 2 eac, and the numbers ate ineeased by 6. Therefore, wéraay cay thal : ba6 > of, 3= 3x6 Wand $e 4x 6=24 “thus the cumbors are 18 ad 24, (1) The above general fommula aleo Werke Soe th above example 12) Tis suggested that you apply tht methed because that ‘ethod is universal and yor shouldbe familiar with it, (2) The above question may be ewaten as ‘The ratio oF 0 mumbars is 4 5, IPeaeh of thom is decressed by 6, thozatio becones 3: 4, Find the tv manbers, Apply the same rae in this case also. Bx, 13: Thestudeersin three lasses arein the ratio 2:3: 5.10 20 students swe increased in each lass, the ratio changes to 4: $7. What was the ‘otal numberof stacens inte three elates before the inetease ? Soin Inthe above question also, we see that each ler increases hy dhe same value, Teat i 4-255-157-5252, Ths, we have 29 0-10 adi "Theorem :The incomes of two persons aren the ratioa : band their eapedres arnt ating. eae of hem saves X.then Kale ~2) gpg XOLE = 2 their incomes ave given by “2659 ana ABIES root: Tey this yourself, heause the proaf Zor tis thevrem is similar Tothoaboee thoorems Bx. 1d: The incomes of A and B ate in the ratio 3 : 2 and their cexpendiees age in thetic 5: 3.2Perch saves Rs 2000, what is thes inom? Sola : Accoaing 7 the above theorem, a2b=3:2 (Income) e:d= $23 (Expendiue) X= 2000 (Sari) Thewiow, A'sinvome = S844 220003589 ny 13,099 3e3-2¥F b(G = 6) _ 2000 «246-5 ad-de 3x3—2K8 ‘Note: Ti TEsve are asked ta ind the experdliure, we have twe options; 1 Expondure= Income - Saving ‘hans especie (100-2000) = Rs 1.00 and B's expend ~ Rs (8000 » 2000) = Rs 6,600, {2)"The dirt frm given by: Heth =a) . ad —be ath vd be ee Lfyou note cacefuty, you wil ce te simian between the direst fem for come aad expeiie, | Ex. 185 The incomes of Ramm sd Syne ine ratio 8: 1 and their eenires arin thoratio 7:10, eachof thers saves Re SO, what retin nconiee ad expenditures? (Only by the rc formdta) Soln: Using the theorem = aib=8: 11 Cacome) snd Bs incom Rs 5000 Avs expenditure = Bis expenditure80 QUICKER MATHS! g2d= 1: 10 Expendinute) X> Rs $00 (Savings) Ram's income = S#@=9) _ 500 %8U0=7) _ 2 song ad be 86-77 saen's income = Xi =) _ $00» 1100 ~ 7), “ admin "ap 97R9S800 “expenditure = 2202=8) 500.7 (11-9 Rams expendi te wo 77 "8 expenditure = Xia) _ 500 x 10.011 - 8) Stoan’s expending = Xba zI001-8.. Be 3500 5009 ‘Note : Its very easy to remember the above formalse, To be mote ‘miiar with these, you nee only good practice, Use tan we ‘everyou find such s qusstion, You nced sot write the formulacach ‘ime, but do only she digital values for enloulations. You will yet thy answer within seconds, ‘Theorem : H the ratio of any quantities be'a:b :c4, then the ratio ‘of other quantities which areinversely proportional to that is given, x. 16s The sped of theca aren ihe ativ2 3 4, Whati the ati hong te Lares taken by tects ove he se Sisance ‘We know tat speed and time len er nversey proportion] to stchoths, Tati ifapeeismere te ne takes elo od ce versa. So, we can apply the above theorem im this case. eerie ot en by ese 2 ‘Now, muliply cach faction by the LCM of denominators ie, fhe LOM of 23,4, Le 22 8, the reuiel tao is even 8Y BB egy 234 2s. 17: The temo ype of works asgrod to hres groups of men. The ‘ato of pesos inthe groups ia 345, ind the to of day 8 “veh hey wl complete the wor, ‘Sol We see hat inthis case also, man and days as inversely propor tinal to cach other. So, to above rule can be applied i + s.r, te oud aaioie 38 Reto and Proportion 251 tpi se facts te CEM, 45, savvebar, 54, Wane: t8s 2 These: itpsan eo nantes Aan dere Tnrtieraiootoombeelsgrengy he coke Patt tatnenemenerte sees Tenet 18: The sm of two mum sane hi iiens i 4, Wha ‘herainalhetwo number? Soln : Following the above theorern, the required rao of numbers, iors: a0-4"as-46 “3129 ‘Theorem: A mamber which, when added w the teens of he ratio te bmi tain eratioe a8 bead Proof : Lethe required iumber be, then or,ad+dx=be-tex be Bx, 19; Find the eunber which, when added fo the terms ofthe ratio 11; 23 makes it equal tothe aio 47. Soln : Following the above ute: bet: 23 27 the required number a ed22 ‘QUICKER MATH ‘Thearom + number whieh, when subraced fou he ero he vafio a: b makes it oqual tthe rato e: dis 24 Ex 20: Find tho mamber which, when subtracted fom the ters of Talio 11:23 makes it ecusl ty the rato 37. Sou : Hers, a be —ad ‘he required eumber: esa AT end 37 Ex, 21; The contents of we vowels containing mater aud alk are inthe ‘aio 1 :2and 2:Saremixed nthe ratio 1:4, The resulting ixture swillbave water and milk is the rate ‘Soin: Change the ratios into factions, ‘Warer ik 1 2 Vest L 3 2 4 Vest 3 é From Vso fom Ve Sic ‘Teeter of woo iin ie new ves 20) 3h, wai sta Bee aan eee someon 32 eB =30:48=5:8 53 aediend eepen ‘income Pcs Ra 1600 Ex. 28: Three glasses A,B and C with ther capitis in ho ratio 25324 are filled with a mixture of spit and wates. The rstio of Ratio end Proportion 288 spirit to water in 4, Baad Cis 1 :$,325 and 5: 7 respostively Ifthe coments of these glistes ave mined together, liad the ratio of spate water in the mixtie. Soin AD BGC Qi ga SpWa1:5 3:5 537 ‘Whee they are mixed, te ratio ofspnitso water U 3 3 x tosses ft ras 8345 =] 5 Sgt ipxtpueggtegh 1958), 5¢18 2) a25 4 9s, wGtetslts ta] ats 87 ns consist of rape, $0 gise and 28 pase coins. Their ‘ahs ate the rio S| Fd he mumber ofeach con Soin: The raia of noniber of cies Sada a Wasigr «the vero coins Se 85 Bresa Om 186» “The number ef SOP coins Fred “The number of 25? coins = wa m4 ord ‘kx. 25: A sumofRs 11.70 qonsiss ofrupee, 50 peice aad 5 guise coins in the alio 35.2 7, Shad he avanber of eack kind of coins. Sola This question is eiffecent fram Be, 24 in Ex. 24, the vt of values ware given bul his case the cetio ‘ofipumisers is givea. Now, the given ratio of numbers isto be inthe rato of vals, (Whereas it the Ex, 24, the ratio ‘of valves was changed itm zo afreursber,) tog, 30 the ato of values = 3 HSE 8B Ta Gy = 300 : 250 = 35 = 60 80:7 the value of Lrupee coins— 20 4 G6 or 6coins +5007‘ourcker nears} 170 fe value of SOF coins = 179, 50 = 5 or 1eains The tu of SOP cans = FIO. 50 = oe 10 1320 The value of SP ving = HHO ~ wosnn7 87-7 00.7 20= 14 coins Wx. 26, Ono year ago, the ratio betwoen Jaman’s and Giopalsaaleies ‘was 3:5: The cata of thei individual series of lst year sed present year aro 2: 3 and 4:5 reypevtivey, If thes total salaries or he presen! yeor ae Rs 4200, find thepresent salary f Laxman, Sotn : The ralio of Laxmian’s salary for he a years 23 ‘The ratio of Gopal's salary forthe two years = 4, 3 ‘Wo are also given hut tras of thei aascy during the lst year =3:5 Now, we change the atlecedenis (2 and 4) ofthe frst 10 ration 50 fat the antecedent in the Firs becomes 3 (antecedent of the ‘hint rai) tnd the antecedent in the second becomes 5 {cons quonl of the thie ratio. Tiag2-20 =. 2 9a eres 48). 3 ‘Now, its lethal te eato of tsi salaries for the preseat year ao pa tss2s . Aso. 4 the present sen of Lasman— 48 ig ns 2800 ‘Note: You should understand the hove method clearly. Once you do ‘hal, you need vary few ealeulzions to reach the snswer. ‘What happens witen you are give “Lhe present ratio between thet saburts ia 18. 25,and the ration Of hear imividatsalartes forthe twa years is 2.3 and # "5: ‘heir total salary for last year was Rs 3206. and ye are ask te find the salary of Laxma for las yer.” New, we do the same forthe consequent: 223320623465 12:18 425544525 45=20:25 ‘Tha, te ratio oF tie salasios last yoer was 12 -20~ 3:5 [Rats and Proporton 266 <3 Lanonan’s salary Laat year Hix. 27 A bucket contains a mistuas of to liquids A ond B in the rion’: 5 Ito inact eminence ty 8x Tign herder oft otalsbecores? How most ofthe jad was he inthe ch? ‘Soin: Detailed Method: Suppose the two Tiqids A and B are 7x lites and Ss lites respectively. Now, whe 9 lites of mixture are aken out, (7) ay OAT Aromins 70-0 (e] 274 235 eg nag bes etm 9 73) ‘when9 lites of ligsid B ave added, EEE (Quicker Method: If ignore tae intermediste wep, we find a Formate ‘which is Fast-working as well as easier to remem, Isteatio= 7:5, 2nd ratio= 7:9 “Diecast ofr #749078 popite * 63-35=28 Now, the formule is: ‘Cpmmon factor of first ati ‘Quanity. Replaced | ‘Sim of terma ont rio [sete seplaced xterm Ain 2nd sa | D266 =[_2) [2227] 73]"| & 2 Quanity of 2753-21 ties, Sinai, guy of B= $3 15 ts. Ex. 28; The eepoyer Jereaser she mimber of is omaloyesin te 10:9 ard inevasee their wags inthe ratio T+ 12, Wt tatoo iso enpenitares Soli: The teqited ratio= 10s TL: 9.< 1255 56 Es. 28. A vse contsns iguids A and B in io 5:3. 116 res oft seine ave removed and tho tne susnityofHauid Bea the ratio vecomes 3:5. What quant does tho vee old? Solns Detaled Methods Suppose te veel contain Stes and 3x ites of uid al Brespetvely ‘The removed quantity comteins 1% Bd 16-106 fttss of B. Now, x= 10): Gx 64 1)= 325 ‘x= 3 we 0 16 «The vessel contains 8x =8 x S = 40 litre, ‘Quicker Methed: When fue rtio is reversed (i.e, 5 3 besumes3 5), ‘we ea use the Zora $= 10 limes ofA sed oF, 25x-S0= 9x 430 ont waniy= 222 Quay oA eae ss ‘Note: When th lui Bic uso sa fille, he quay oF Ais us in the form Ea. M:1tGa +b) +9): @+0)~6:7: Bunda rb, a:b: cand he valivoa, band Stn: We abou that cicglet Deoeo etre] 6 =Beerbeoy 4, ther lad at © ge Spr m8 and Proportion 27 Sincilarly, b+ 4 IT andar e= hn ‘ws, © 2 Preae 1410, 3 arbeo 6= 14:10: 18=7:5:9 Quicker Method: (2+): (be) (0-79) =6:7:8 Now, (a+b) +O+ 9+ @+u)] sath): (e+e): (6-43) E@+7+8) 26:7 +b} (bbs): a= 26.728 +b): tb-be) (6 4a) = 108 26:7: 105-7}: (05-8): (105-6) $49:25:45—07:5:9 EXERCISE 1. Porm the compound rato oF the rmtiog 45 275, 3 4,51 68 and 256: 81 BIAS B=6:7 md 8-C=8:8 fal $.Thesmoftuommbos ish nl teae 2, sa the onion 4,170.7 of one number be equal 16 0.075 of another, what i she ratio of The two nunabers ? SF fr whisk rosea ok ae 2 aid 6. Two sums of money ae proportional 103 : the fests Rs 20, what is theother?0 Proparton 269 258 QUICKER MATHS a sn € gets} of A's chara, 22 Die P99 ang Ch ht A yt wah Brant C Hoth: Aan Big oe 24, Divide Rs 355 into thee pats such that thre times the frst part may ‘be equnl to five tines te second and seven times the third. 25, A body of 7200 oops formed of battalions, 50 that 5 ofthe fst, 1rd wo unten inert of 8 5 sth tain i Anse yatta te of 8. Dive 37 ens two partzauch hat mes one parand 11 times the ae together 227 9. nda ati ult whose antecedents 9. : 16 Fin the val fn the folowing propatons (Qs isH22x hI «1. om open he be: L243 GAG, G25, 15,15, 12,1630 ren do a piece of work in 27 days, fm wha me con 18 mea ‘do another piece of wore sims as grea?” 13. When whaat ia Re 1.30 per, 60 men can be fed for 13 days ata ‘certain coe. Hove may men ce bo fed for 45 days at the eu cst ‘when whoa ie Re | per ¥g? 14. a family of ? persene can ivecon Rs 849 for 36 days, how long es ‘family of 9 persces ive on RS 8102 15.15 horees eat 18 quinlals of oats in 9 days, how long at the seme ‘ate wil 66 quinae as for 13 horses? 1611000 copies ofa ole of 13 shout requice 26 reams of pape, how “much pager is requined fer $00 copies of «book af 17 shes? 17 Ae te cartiage af €10 kg for 72 km cow's Re 45, what wil be the cost ofthe cane oF 40 kg ors distance of 63 la. half he for- ‘ner re? 18, #200 men can doa pisos of workin 16 days, Now may m0, wnt: o ne niin 5 ae 2 resend, Sotelo othe comport ‘he same suber of men, Mow many mien are thts in cash batalion? 26, The esiae of bankrupt person worth of Rs 21000 is io be divided srsong four orediors whose debs axe — Aso F's, 282: 3,B'sto C8 2541 §, C’stoD'sau6: 7, Wha! amount soul each recive 7 27. How many one-rupee colts, SOP cons and 25°? coins, of which the uinibers ace proportional to 4, and Gare together woth Re 32? 28, A sum of Rs 3115s divided erwong A, B and C such thatif Rs 25, "Rs 2B and Re 52 be diminished fro tit shares respectively, the remainders shal be in the ratio of § : 15 : 20, Find the shave of each, 28. Wat must beaded 0 tra mimborea hat ae he rats of 3430 ‘hal they became te ratio 4257 40. Phd ac mentor nus, we sublacted fom th eas of thio 19 25 makes il equal tthe rai of 3:4 31. Am employer reduces dhe atmaber fis employees inthe ratio 9: 8 ‘rd increases thei? wages nthe ratio 14:18, Site wbethor his i! oF total wages increases or deoreases, and in what ratio. 32, Rs 50:8 divided mong 6 men, {2 women and 17 boys so that? men _getusmuch as 5 heye and 2 women as much a 3 bop Find the share ofa boy. 19, Divide Rs 324,36 inv thre ports in the proportion of 5: 6:7. 20, Divide Rs 53.95 between A, Bend Csueh that A gotthrize 23 awe ‘25 B, abe C ove thi as musa B 21. Divide RS91.36 between A, Band such that A gts {3 ses a vouch as Cand B 24 fimesds much as C. 22. Divides 625 sao A Band Cash Apt 2 ose285-3005. 50 ' mT z 2 2 Te i an 2 7S Torah and, utr oi ‘This questiqn can be sinplified if we change the form of rations fallow: 5019} rarer ‘Ths, the numbers are 8S and < $ or d0 and 35 Bxeye37 See ly= 27 Solving these bo equations, ‘Therefore, rs wx Be on.x=7 Reo and Propsrtion zat HAQ1:283 290: 7026 exw 1215, digx- 55-09 12. By the Rule of Proportion : men | 20 man 27 the regd. no, of days A work: 3 work 3043227 Anim =22# 3227 = 135 days 7 20\(2)— trraeatracin: 2()(8)- 10 o(teme. sore: Hbchase ghee aa aon . Te Wannabe oto te onan be somuiiyby ashen tanson ie, I Sic pice dees, more pron col el Hene “3 sy sctane e 2 2)y(s10) veal S10) 27 day Follow the Same reasoning as in, 13, oa om 59007) amg s529{28)(2)-rmfea , vere wai 19. Three pats ave 4.58 5, 32436 5, SASS, = 1802 x 5, 1802 6, 1862.17 = Rs 90.10, Re 108.12, Rs 126.18, 20.A:Be3it “BiC=3:1 AUBiCS3e3:be3:1e199:3:1 "Now te proves is the Fame asin Q. 18, DAre=3"2 {he first ati andthe antecedent ofthe ssondratio aretha A; B&B: C1) of, Bt A&A: C—--Q2) 2 B:G&E:A—G) ‘Thon ye apply the ue: ‘For (2), ADR:C#AxB:BS BEB KC “Like LAIC@BKALAW ALAC BAS SBSALB=S:1 e=fark =L¢ SBCH1:3 2 ASBiCaSe titel 24, Tey it and yourelf (follow the method used in Q.23}- ay aiyiaiw Now, 25418416 158-73 the four batons have 2200, 1800, 1600 and 1500. $2418: 16:15 Reta and Proportion 28 Sr IRS 175 = 16 24:30:35 Sine 16-" 24030435 21000 Asahace = 2008 Ds share =208 x 24 Re 4800 C'sanare = 200% 30~ Rs 4000 D'sshare~ 20035 =RS 7000, * 27. The catia of values of a rupee, SOP and 25 2 coins “ax 100 5 #50; 6x 28853 Sine 8+ 5+3=18, ‘heveatRecos= Et 16 “The valoe of 0 Peoins = 22 $= 10 ‘The valuo of 25 Pcnins =22 “There, the mumipr of Re coias = 16% 1=16 “The sumer ef 50P coins = 102-20 ‘The number of25 Pcoins = 6x 4= 24 ‘28 "The total sum after deduction = 3115 - (25+ 28 + 52) =Rs 3010 “Teitdisished shave i in the rio 8 «15 :20 2,A’s diisbed shore 2298 «6s 860 Bemis hr 70> 15 Rs 1050 ‘Crs citnsisnd share = 70 20= Rs 1400 “A's share ~ 56 +28= R585 ‘pis shere= 1050 + 28=Rs 1078 (Cosshare~ 1400+ 52 =Rs 1452 34 as A393 _ The oueaber= 2S 285 semee ueKs Me 30, 198 ad 2 Mhenumber= 28422343 7, a3 B98 Wests We inow to tails ner peso na. oF “hee her of ean el Towler oot: 8x 15 ~ 125" 120 21:26 ‘heat sows the! rei tdi th i ‘ole: Fora deailedmelod = th, oF employes ne cass» 83. Wages inc sae bs 19 199 Tait wago™Ox' 5 1235 Changes age 15) — 130 x9 ‘hs thaw tds in bil an as 1207 32, aw (Combining the two relations: (Follow the rule) 2m=sh Bhetw 2x Sm=5x36=5 <2w = 6im=15b = IW Now, to find the tio of wages ofa rian, t woman ane » boy, lot ‘6m~ 155% 10 w= kay) k ‘The ratio of wayea oF me, 12 women cod 17 dove = 6x S71203:17 22 230036 ,34 50 + (7 boys get 80 a 34 = 28 Lagu ga” MO RSI? ~ 1 boys gett Re. Note : Fora quicker approacs if 6m = Wow = 13b° 1322 2:6: BW: 1 =6 3S: 12632172 30:36:34 30 =O ay Re Boaaes ag RSIT bm Re. Partnership A partnership isan association of wwe or more persons ha put their money together in oréer wo earry on a certain business. I is oF ‘ho Kinds: @ Simple (9 Compound Simple partnership : If ie capita ofthe partners are invested ‘or the same period, the partnership is called simple, ‘Compound Partsership : Ifthe eavtals of te parters are ivested foe different lene of time, the partershp is called compound. Ina group of n persons invested differen zmount fr differont period then ther profit ati is: ANT: BE Ct: Dit ne? Xl [Here frse person invested arnount A far % period, secend persons invested mount orto period, and 90 on.) Ex. 1: Three parmers A, Rand invest Rs 1600, Rs 1800 and Res 2300 respectively in business. How Should they divide a profit of Rs 1938? Soln : The proft should be divided im he ratios of the capital, Le. in the eo 16:18:23, Now, IGH23 As sha Breshoro= £3 of Rs 1998" Re612 3. 2 cust 3 ons ane naree Rx.2 A,B and C enter into partuaship. A advances Rs 1200 foe 4 ‘ionths, B Rs 1400 for 8 months, and C Re 1000 for 10 months, ‘Thay gain Rs 585 altogether. Find the share of exch, Soln : Rs 1200 in'4 months cams #8 much profit aa Rs 1200 x 4a Ra 4800 in 1 marth [Rs 1400 in # months eam as mach profit as Rs 1400 x 8 or Re 11200 in t oath. Rs 1000 in 10 months earns as much profitas Rs 1000 x 10 oF Rs 10,000 ia 1 month ‘Therefore, the profit should be divided in the ratios oF 4800, 11,200 and 10,000 2. the ratios of 12, 28 and 25,286 ‘QUICKER MATH Now, 12426425 =65 vaste arsstare 22 535 108 va sare = 22 585 = Brashare= 22 x 985=%5 252 =3, = Crs stao= 2 x 585 = Ro 225, [Note : In compound partnership, the ratia of profits is dirclly propor- tional te both money and time, so they ate nutipliedtogethext got the eomesponding shares inthe ratio of profits Bx. 32 A stats a bnsiness with Ks 2,000. B joina him after 3 rnont ‘with Rs 4,000, C puts a sim of Rs 10,000 in the business for smoaths oxi, At ihe ond ofthe year the businese gave a probit of [Rs 5600, How should the profi be divided among ther? Solu : Ratio of tei pris (A’SiB's:C's) m 2x 12:49: 102256: 9:5 . Now, 649+ css 5 ‘Ex.4: Aand B catcrintoa partnership fora year. A contributes Rs 1500] San HOO Rte Seats yeni ae sens id ire hs eanaten se 9 oth rats af nent ey sola Noses Ore Cee Sx 12; s000~9 230058 Sipe gedbeo rg Soe t0b: 12190-12121 This oft pe R22 a0, +A, Band C enfe inlo patinership. A advances one-fourth of th} ‘capital for one-fourth ofthe time. B contributes one-fifth of ‘copital for half of the time. C contribues the rermaining, capital forte whole tine, How should they divide a profit of Rs 11407 Soln: A‘ashare: B’a share : C's share ttt (sly aka S82 {ef He 1400 wt i670" Petree wr spying a tony LOM 1610820, 80 Metwesitrel ‘sae = MP 5100 nso, Bis share iS 8 ARs 160 C's share = Ex, 6: A and B enter ino s speculation. A pots in Rs 50 and B puts in, "Re 45, At the end of 4 months A withdraws halt his copital and the end of 6 months B withdemws half of bis capital. C then enters with 2 capital of RBs 70, Atths end of 12 months, in what satio-wil the profit be divided ? Soin: A's share : B's shave C's shave soca See a5 6a x 400: 405 + 420= 80: 81: 84 “Therefore, th znoft will be dived inthe ratio of 8D : 81:84. "New, you test have understood both simple partnrsiip and compound partnership. The fermala for compound parmership can aiso berwritten as ‘A's Capital » A's Time in partnership _ A’s Profit ‘B's Capital » B's Tine in porinesip, 3's Profit “The above relationship should be remembered because itis vised very ofan in some types of question. Ex. 7: begm a business with Rs 490 and was joined oftecwards by B ‘with Rs 300, When did join if the profs the end ofthe year swore divided in fe ratio 2 17 Sola: Suppose B joined the business fbr x axons. 480121 ‘Then wsing the above forms, we have SO 4501 01,200 42x n aso 12 a SEE “Therefor, B joined after (17-9 =) 3 montis Ex 8: A and B rent.a pasture for 10 months. A pus in 100 covs for 8 rmontha, How many can B pot infor the remaining 2 months, i ‘he pays halas much again as A? {oppove B puts in x cows, The eva of A's and B's rents Axo omths Sol288 ‘QUICKER MATHS iy3 Mite pediga2:3 Than, OB 2, IDES «659 coy, xe2 2x2 x9: A and enter into parmership with their eaptals in the ratio 24.9. ACthe end of 8 morthe, A-withdaews his capital It toy receive the profits in the ratio : 9, it how long B's capital was wal Soln : Suppose D's capital was wes fsx months, Following the same i Te Te89 se, we have, oux= Ie 7 9xKn 9 oxy 77 ‘Therefore, B’s capital was used for 7 months. -EX10:.8, Band C invested capitals in the atio 2:35; the timingof thet investmens being in the ratio 4: $6, In what rats would their profit be distribated ? e sould know that if the Dvee investments bein the ratioa : be ‘nd fae dation fur their investments be inthe ratio: y 2, hen ‘the profit would be distribated inthe ratio ax: by sez, ‘Thus, following the same rae, the required rio 720A: 35256-8213; 30 Ex: A, B end C invested capitals in the atio $: 6: 8, Atte end of - fhe business tm, they received the profits in the ratio S 3 = 12, ‘Find she ato of time fot whic they contribute thei captais? Sola: Following the same rule: investment isin the ratio a Sol and profit in the ratio pq: 3 ‘EX 12: A and B enter into a partnership with capitals inthe ratio 5 6 At the end of X montis, A withdraws his capita, Mthey receive profits inthe rato of $9, find how long Bs capil was used. Soin : This quostion i similar tothe one in Ex. 9, You roay solve it by the method used in Fa. 9. But following the rule defined in Ex, 11, we seo tha the ratio of time of investment 22:3 58 2 "Now, we ato given that invested for 8 moms. Partnership 29 «Bimota $5312 ate "Note: The validity ofthe above rales can be checked thus Suppose A and H invested Re Sand Rs 6 respectively. ‘Ainvested for 8 months and B invested for 2 mnths, Then, the rio of thei profit 8:6 12510; 18=5:9 ‘Which i the same as given in the question. 113A and Coen A rv tte prof an nC share the remaining profit equally, A's income is increased by ‘Rs 220 when the profit rises from 8% to 10%, Find the eapials fnvested by A, B und C. sein Fras a (3 B20 vanes 2s 0 2 Asal Rs 1009 Forks &C’sshare:2 = 11000 a 3 I as nn «. Bisand C’s capitals are Re 8250 exch.“ x, 14: Two partners invest Rs 125,000 and IRs $5,000 respectively ina ‘business ond apr’ that 60% ofthe profit should bedivided equally ‘betvcen them and the remaining profit ato be treated as intrest ‘on capital. one paringr gets Rs 300 more thart the other, find the total prod made in the business. Soln: Detail Method: The difierence counts only duct the 40% ofthe profit whick was distiouted according to their investmaens ‘Lette total profitbe Rs x: ‘Then 40% of xis distrtbeted in the ratio 125,000 “85.000 25 :17 Texte te haf te Ot pe =A [2 . 25) _ 0x 28) _ 98 ~ inn) -2 ‘ Te cates espe ct) Nov tonto gsi, 105210 ‘Quicker mart - x= 2002105 — py 3907.50 ‘Direct Metheds Tao rato of profit = 125,000 86,000 = 25 19 (100 (25 +17 «total proft=300 (8) [55 +5 ]-Re 3997.50 ox. 15: A and B cert no a ptersip investing Rs 16,000 ard “Rs 12,000 respectively. Afr 3 manths, "A" withirew Rs 5000 ‘while B invested Rs 3000 more, Aer3 mona mote, Coit uinas wih a capital oF Rs 21,000, Ara yess, tay obtain a profit of 26,400 By wha valu doo share of B exc the sare oF C2 Son : The above question may be restated as: ‘invested BS 16,000 for3 months smd Rs (16,000 - 5000) fr montis. . B invested Rs 12,000 fr smth and Rs (12,000 + 5000) fr months. invested Rs 21,000 for 6 ons. Ce sp hub atid manly ty yo md nt wehng) : Now A’s shar: B's shire: share F063 # 1b): (1993 117): 1x6) S147: 199 126-7:9:6 “Thee, B's share exceds that of Chy 20 26400 x Po 9-6) = BAA ns 35900 (Note: Dung the ealoultion, we did not eamy the zeroes of tots tecaute they ate of no we kel he rating A, Band C are parmers ia a business. A, whose mioney bas vied for dma eins Loti pot B, nse money ru es bec noi fe th Cha iene Rs 1560 for 8 months. How mich money did A and B oontribute? ernership em Bola: Reto oftheir shares in profit ‘Now, for A nd © 11860 x8=3:19" 2 Ce perio e e813 3 Be a tSE ens an cr poapeuuy bone tsp sen rae Se dosed 2 a ae eat say ta hm ec fe a eS ae sogoctepuvicn Se ae satel ae eee “Then 30% of x is distributed in the ratio $0,006 = 70,0005 :7 Tesch oda Os sors] sot 5 547 28 : wssosestiemadpete (= on BGS —o0 iter neh tet Fania: aot pnts $0,900 70000 ‘tefl pot G)ls)™ 1800 Fx 16: A, Band Cinveed petri 2234, attend of he bss fy resin te pois in feat 36:1. ‘Find the ratio of the periods for which they comtviburted their Slean (QUICKER MATHS; Soin: tthe invesynent area hs rato x: + 2and te profi the aio P:Q-Ren th to ofperods = FO. ‘Therefor the sequined rio 3:2 10 Moltply each tonm bythe LOM of 2,3 & 4,4, 12. SemSeintbca ates o430-3:4e8 Exs19.A and B vested nth aio 2 inabusiness.ICS%of theta ‘rot oes to charlyand A's share it Rs 835, ne a prof Soln : Suppose te ttl profi Re 100. ‘Thon Re goes ws eharty Now, Rs 95 islivdel nero, Als share = 5 4= Rs 57 3 we seh tl tres 8955 = Aone 28) Rs 0 Diet Fomuta sn eatoe cet nose wea) 3 og =) fens oral prof . js 1 1 Ex.20: Inc parts invesied Lorne J oF the time, rnarhip A inves j oft captal for ofthe time, 8 on vet ofthe spt oth ine 200 al ht be capi fe whe pt. A th nd the petit ‘earned a profit oF Rs 4600, Find the share of B. ad fim: cineaes (ent)at fe dpa Non oetpeh 8.6 63 9 Westae-in0/ Partnership a EXERCISE 1. How should » profit of Rs 450 be divided between two partners, one of hom has conteioued Rs 1200 for $rsonths and te other Rs 750 for months? - 2. thete are thee parmers A, Band Cina busines. A puts in Ré 2000) far $ mosis B Rs 1200 fr 6 moet and C Re 2500 for 3 mantss, tl the pris are Rs 503.82 . How ought it tobe divided 3.4 and B enter into a partnership fora year. A contibuies RS 1500 and B Rs 2000. Afier 4 months, ey admit wo contributes Rs 2250. Hf 2B wits his eonzibunion atte Tons, how wuld thay share & profi of Re 990 at he end ofthe yea? 4. A,B and C enter into a pariership. A advances one-fourth oF the ‘apial for one-fourth of ths ies B advencas one-fth ofthe capital for hat ofthe tins; and C, the remainder of tie capital forthe whole (ne. How should they divide a profit of Rs 3420 ? 4. Three parinere altogether invested Ra 114,000 na business At the end. ‘of the year, one got Rs 337.50, the socond Rs 1125.00 and she third [Re 65 ae profit lowe wach emount did each invest ?-What is the ‘erventoge of profit? = Aca B ent into 3 bpecuatioa ; A pats in Rs 30 and 5 puis in R48, ‘At the end of 4 mani, A witha helt his capital and at the dof | S mort wiht ofthe tr wh ta atthe nd of 12 month, the profits ofthe cancerhare Rs 288; how ougst stto bedivided ? Avan B ener ita parzerai wth opitaly' 56; end atthe end oF 8 sonths, A withdrews. they receive pris inthe ratio of 5, find show long B's capital was used, 8. And Brentapastare for 10months;and A pats ie 90 oven for 7 mont Hoon’ many oxee con B put in forthe remasning 3 month, fhe pays halfas much A? Answers \Tiemiochtesa s MTS 90-251 segeme pla aon ante go 50 2 Mito otha 29 «5126: 25435 100172595. = ind tei aces,tra quicker wire BA's share | B's sh ‘hate: C's shece 7 1512220 Prnthccsares = 140: 280: 100 4. A's share: B's share: C's sare lini carers 1a det Ltn Miluply ech by te 16 i020 Yeoh byte LEM ok donate 80, 2B 5 inte ares * The tatoo fnvesmests = Ratio of profis Pog S! UB s078— 397912808 S730 viding exch by 1325, we have the rao ~- Ble eact werstio= 321026 ‘The 99, perentage of prot 3375.6 11954675 Viaog* 100% BEES 1759 6 sh shar sare me T5044 28 x Bias nS Pa NL GEs E45 +8225 071007 was 4825450 7. The rat of capials <5 6 Lettherativof time Piste = A's tie (329) _ BS 0B : oe] GSEE= ements s Ateane 90072" gon Beha xe 1 XS Zp TTS oxen, Percentage “The term per ent means *for every hundred I eat best be otined as fission. whose denominator is 100 is called ‘percentages _ Jd the numeratyr of te fraction is called che rate percent.” “The following examples iste the percents and thes factional 1 a sinden ats 0 por cent mks in Atzaetic means that blaine ‘mai every hun il ks Ta ie flare Fae et 6 -60"6000-300 wars in aera, The Shove ive se one 6D for every ade “The total marks obtained by Hae sagen ca be calelated it ter ways 60m sts00 ~ x son + 300 “Te above calculations can be rnd easier by acing the thctona valve to spits, As ib te above 565 03 4 ~ 0g = 5 we emernesthat 6% ~ 3, ourcleulaion becomes esi. 0 acne te wna ney estates = 35 invests 5% of is income into shares, Iemesns. 2) Anan ta df cvery Rs 100 of is income into shares ‘pe invests Rs So avers i be rvs Ez of his income inks sores cn iteote attic one om mew 18h dees se ener te BEB 28 Mesa yt ih an in ML a 23) A tradesman makes a profit of 15 per cen Means that he makes 9 ‘NaftofRs 15 when he invese Rs 100. Bus what does be gan wea Fe iavesis Rs S00? Which ofthe eppeations, meationed above, ispe + QUICKER Ma ‘easier to deal with? Don’t you thik thatthe faction containing he ae a 1 nb Sted is ore eof nth ae Why?) Heo wo comple He gay iaSog 2 — 28.24 ra 2 Tay Be . ede ene! ot easly ging ick eal ike AE 380 = 18 8 ve = 135 (hk younetd fat wri ang tlle sick nn. BA 9 * West eroenege sealer tog? eras, ‘Wesce thatour key operator in this chaptr the prime fact ‘of pet cent value. $o, we should collect some pf the important (nos used) prime fractions 3100 «Baal Sain: 2.100 = 5 ~ s7tyg Bt What pence tore en prs 1 Lyk, tote: 2 700 gg Son | San 6 Bote: fp x 100 Tp = 6% sed 2 1. The population of a town has increased fr 0000 0 63,00. Find te inrease per cont Sola: areao in popultien = 65, 000 - 60,000 = 5000 000 28h Peroemige increase = Gh, «00 == 830% Bs. 6 : Ram's salary is increased from Rs 630 to Rs 700, Find the # oopraat - Somn sins flay Re 700- RS e20=R5 7, evenageinaese= 2% 100196 ht: nancleto of wo cams, can wo go 1% sted by ony af 2 vd ea an oes ae : ma Bote (35) -a1% 9 1M 52472 UR = 2A co = 3400 puntata onyuanang otto een rm ent es eee sn EE soit egy Hear olin ei ey Second Method: % of suger in the original solution ogee cro ty abe Sareea Ex Lr Find & pe oom of Rs 625, Balin: 8% oF Rs 625.= 3x 825 ~ Rs 50. | fx.2s Wan ota 2b erent |kage 28 2 uicKeR “The, (100-25) (1004 x)= 100 100 tered pron of agar= 4 0m ae an 10d Be aad, Ex. 9: One type of liquid contains 25% of mith, che other contains Direct Formula: Required % increase in working hours ‘fail A canes fled with 6 pats of she fit quid ace 4 cel ‘of the second liquid. Find the pereentage of milk in the ' dno = Ty a3 iste fs of another ‘To find how much per cont one quantity ‘The read percentage of rilk inthe mew mixture Bx. [12 Express the Faction which Rs 1.25 is of R10 a4 a percaniage. Quay of mule i He 30 eA, tog i st ‘Quanty of he new risine Sota: The eaton ~ BAAS = BE = Spal. of 25% milk + pats oF 508 mi 1 it (G part + ¢ ps) ofthe Hui? wow a8 lag 62D ay weg T3007 2 estas “8 i0r, ove question is often put as "what rate per cent ts Rs ; A yo 4 7] ita ware Bante ppaetnen tte So ge bie a re pit ee . ‘ conto ia pin 1803075) 26, 36,26 miso Mais =v 1505 x38, 236 18x25: the ammuaiinoreain the population ofa gown be 4% and the2 QUICKER MATHS: onsen 75% wht ae ea ag ras Ey ists 25x25 25 2 Wopomion sy gp LIE PS 525 SR a pe = Hs ae: O.24andb 23 wet ete ances tao T3t orgie pot sae, s2pshadoichierate a9 hisses em sate G5 ne eran nF cee ome Whe ie eof Gh treat fr itreat Yar There Tappan ata omen ane eh daring th tye rene by 9 ings eee Ineremer by ang seen epee ne vite ooLKDOT IV” Toray To TY OOD YI > OE CODY WE ogg. 00 waa wT oor opr Beanies eT s2zmoong 9266 pores 2a sen. a LI SON oot «001 . Be aT TWOT o_o 90100 oot Tey Rv vanity secnecse HIex 5a poreocour stam | “Y 06 2088 tT JO syaaSadsan UBI 24-0994 019 HF WODRY "FOOT 001 yy gx O01 6 oy oe . 100399 ogpsoaou osnaso9p a0 asenuouy 94 22! — <— | sp azo vamp 9g Am AQ paswaroap st anqen staat ove ox 3 _ 001 Passosoap uoqy pun x fq postasd Uy AL sf 9M IH I "agp 98 sana Mod Ua Wrouv w VIO + ¥ eom00g 4 posTeTOU STIL eA, “y 94 equa up 39): joosg Bhaosso e801 oon sasee “91 9 20 po oncarsap es 2154, Fc umn mp jo voneqrdos ag 2 sas ag aeazear eg se eu 3 Ys 4 pose» SP e065 9 965 Ae posexoU Tt Jo ond 2031 oor POMP sey! Se wer ye exenpal yg omy: Y= a6 oot = £50150 onyea yg a4: PUY “o] e aKeaye 9 ayy “2809 snp U4 isto] 20 mjd ewaaisd sy yng 9461 Jo uinoosp = swoue ay “Hap 2ITy “oud you uO Suwa 5yg 41 SPoOs st Jo dod ay spar zads04COUN ¥ 1 ror oy cseeroap ee on 8a | ‘901 5 94 sa410n 99130 0] 2H | Mos Aso sy wy aBuey> 91) Seas. By MOL Ka paoNDAN EA 34 PE YO e Pseacoay ya -ON x Jo AES a 1A asea.oap ua pu aseaaouy )S3¢g or -sidorss aang tp mt ey 9422 funn 5p ‘pwestons 208 got = 000 £82 «ca 2 oi s04 001 = 0007 x AEE somay og. « “c0g30 eng paren snd we exe pK pine . ae: (8-6. uRjs asnoog)apwaop sfemye ISK) NEE 296 2 SIL, ise oa292 QuicKeR age 208 abtoex = 100939} His solny ia decreased by 12% (because the sign is ve). ‘aw le: Change of ender ofineease and deooeso me that ate above cape, sty an merase of 1 pore’ an en he se etange = AMMO — Oy — sof 100 fae Lye decrease of 20% is porformad. Tn both the caves, the result 00? A“ 10 sromasns the same, 4: The populotion ofa vown wes etc by 12% in the year 1988 {a 1989, c wa increased by 15%, Wher isthe percentage effect ‘nthe popeiatin in the beginning af 1990 ? i Ye increase «4 decrease i: % cffect = % fnorease - 9% deeeass- i = x2 ge ais BRB os gsi "hus, he poputation as inerensed by 12%, cessive increase or decrease sm : Ifthe value Is increased successively by x% and y% then al increase Is given by |x ty 4“) og triceneegensy [ey ‘Theorem: Iftheorder ofincrease and deoreasels caauged, the remains unaffected, Proof: Try this youscit, ‘So, earsbaning. the dove two theorem, we may wrile at: ‘Sh inoreace » 6 deerense i 10 ‘The we ofthe shove formula will ler your dni Ex. 44: The salary ofa workerwas firstincreased by 10% and there ‘decreased by 5%. What was Cie change ibis salary ? Let the scary ofthe worker be Rs 10 ‘Alte inozoasa, irbeooenes Rs 100-+ 10% of Rs 10 fect = Ye inorease»% dereaso Sol The % inersase= 104 $ - 100 = 4.5% ‘Quicker Method: By the above theorem ‘the value frst increases by 2% and thendecreased by ¥% owes (5 sign We br-ve xepectivay ‘he thscws 1-5 925 4sspimeassete iis 45 A stops eth peso 25 er ‘eemtice Aicuiticalone dou oe pois tiie? Sotn: Bye 29-19- 221 igo points ede oe Bs 4 iri ag eer oar 30% ond sa "__ kscreased by 10%, What is the percontage affect in hia salary sols Dy Qt Ma "welest = % Inrease -% decrees 1030-322 way ts fey nga o yin th van hc, we tt ‘etd se ae baste wom ey at inti Daten st spa sh 9% her hae si cee eee oman fe soeos pce Bisa ew mush pote? Ie Beabareteoen: Pepe s+ 10-2 as 5 485 The poultin a ws freely 1 2% In t0 Sasepie yn herpcetpopo's doses sf yan? Ms Parx Dandy = 201, 0-204 ‘Therefore, the population decreases by 28% Me inoreene or decreas, according 2 Seinercse «v4 deereaie 2 its consumption is inereased by y%, (0 or, if the price of a commodity is increased by x% and its ‘consumption iv deereased by y% then the effoct on revenuereontage 285 Ht 800 ofthe ot 1 aa ee EB caxat 128 0) orga =m ri hese remy 00-99) 8% ty Thee : = Ine. % value Dee. Yevalue+ the value is inceeated or dooteased abvording tothe +e i sign obtained ‘Note: The above weinen formals isthe general farm for beth he: ForCase (it becomes: y= 2 100 - iy Effet on revenue ue ‘Whereas for Cassi it booomes :x- y= a Yale De. aoe Site Dt ‘Thus, we se that it evore easy to remember the gener fo 15220 _ w 15-20-52 = 2% “Therefore, there is a daorease of 8%, Bx. $1: Ifthe price is increased by 10¥% and the sale is decreased by 5%, ‘hen whal wil be the effet on income 7 ‘Soin : Jet the price he Rs 106 per good and te ssi also of 100 goods. ‘So, the money cbainod afer slling all he 180 goods = Toi 109= 10,000 ‘hich works in beth the cases equally Proof: We ate discussing the proof for Case (i Let heprioga le commodity be Re {unt ond the censuray be B units “Then total reveoue expenses = Rs AB ow, the new price A= - ALAR, Now, the new price A-xGetA —A- AE Anke conanplon I yor + BE BOM: Noort Scene pres Re 11 per gd a esas isk oe eer oem epenes—AU00=8, By) Se emir oie ar aing sie gone = 11095 Shenae . ABC90 =) (100 + -s. profit= 10,450 - 10,000 = Rs 450 wo 1 350100 2 profit I ame AB LOD 33000 + Change nrvense exponen BUC =2ILCI 2D ay * By Theorem : % effect 100 100, e ‘ ns, Yevlue x Dee. tava ABLE 000" a hve De San Da a 100? AB[LO0y ~ 100x ~ ny} = 19-5 HES. Ablon, 00s ws BaS aca wo i ‘his income increases by 4.5%. the Ye cffeet on revenue = SBUOO— 10x —a4) 100 HRB pa, 52: uf the price is docrensed by 12% and sale ininoreased by 10% 100° a8 ‘hen what will te the effect on income ? yn Sot: Bp Theres 5 ain Simsilrly, wa ean prove for Caze (i also 32% Ex. 50; The axon ae smmodity is diminished by 2095 and tse tion increases by 15%. Find the effet on revenue. Soln : Now Revewe = Consumption x Tax ‘effect= 10-12 A i incor is decrossed by 3.2%. 1Bx.53 : The landholding of a person is docreased by 10%, Due te Tate208 QUICKER Ma rine ot snonsoon th production dressy 88 Then whats " carevenie? ty arise wf» — sacs ot decease acorn, Sota Casey ofthe es le the aa ine Decree of vanaf 6 (Pas = 9 ‘ppose we change at 4 30) 10% decreas = -10%6 increase: erie increase or decrease asconding 10 its sign Nov. aes bore fom, wove Dacreae of 3% and desreane of y¥% (PuLx = xan y~ 9} Soottet =-10- 8.0% ay fata 10-8 ST w(x y+ Sips meso dete senting sien nats -08=-172% ‘ea ee te 7 spp we chage tae folow i coneae = atace Nowe parng he vols nthe soe fora we have % heorem : The pass marks ia an eeamination fs x%, Ifa candidate faves y mats falls by x marks, chem the maxinnum marks, Mt +2) cr of it very mc ensy to prove te above hearer, ft the avium 8-19-18 aks be Mas thee es elaflont cist aot Mayne A a yon +2 “Th ve getter inbotichecass So, ney rote aa ‘which ofthe values changes it fer, Ex. 54: The number of seas ina cinema ll is inoroused by 25%, 1 price on a ticket is also increesed by 10% What i the efecto [Note : tf you have understood dhe elationship, you don't nevi ( Feiceber the formula, But some ofthe studs get eonsuse Fin the seletionship in the examination hal sow have som son MeatCai? the diret fer, 1 Since theve is am increase in the soats as well a in the price, By. $8: A student bes to sogure 40% marks to gt throw. Lhe gets 2 “use: ‘marks and fails by 40 masks, find the maxianun marics sat fo the Decrense = Aintees) ‘examination Sola By the dove theaters, Matin parks =A APR 09 Thus, the formula becomes Ex. 56: In an exaruintioa, acendidate must go! 80% unas o pass ‘arnliete who gets 210 suas, fils by $0 marks lind the yas ram macks. Soin : By the above theere as = ADI $1 aps Pi ae at 7 te is example eto be slvd by changing the form ofa ineeatedvalana decease Ty youl changethcther alan Note: We see that, x+y+755 is aur key-formala. Al ofthe above fons can be cine only changing te sins. For exam » Increase oF a and increase of * = ve & tye Hg) terre ssoonding to its sgn, ‘Masiten mit ‘Theorem : A candidate scoring 2% in an examination falls by *" barks hile another candidate who seores y% marks yets‘b" marks sore than the minimum required pass marks, Thon Use maximum vrs oat esamination are == 2D ‘Proof {st the maxiatun marks for tae oxamuiation be M, Thus, marks ‘scoted by the firs candi = x%4 of M 1i)lncbease of x94 and decrease of 7% (put ¥=-yb“ QUICKER MATH ad marks sored by the secon candidate = y¥ of M. "Nav, pass matic for both the eadidates are egal; so, RKofM +anyhofM-b n= 200+ o=9 Ex, 57 A candidate scores 25% and fila by 30 marks, while esother sundidate who seores 508% madks, gets 20 marks vote than ‘minim requires macks to pars the exmmicetion. Find th ‘maximum marks Zor the examination, Sola + By tae theorem» 10002020) yy 50-25 Note: () The above formula oan be weitte as axinnum macs «MDE of tir scores) Dill, oF heir % tacks {) Difference of their scofes = 30+ 20..Reoause she candidate gets 30 Less than the required pass masks, hile second candidate gots 20 more than the reguired pass mad Ex $8: A candidate who yots 30% of the marks ina test fils by ‘marks. Another candidate whi get 320 marks fils by 30 mat Fad she maximum mars, ‘We can't use the shove said direct fommela inthis case. (Why %} Sebel pas me orbbec [2x16 the maximum marks, then the Do ht rie sade of 0 toda eee came 0)-90 Reevine hota 50- S50 wi asne 21-2021 gy ‘ue: Te vet sald be nde el sk ee wot tam ofgasion sche “Theovcn Te measng theses of etal oleae “Atinenes aad holy ohn dace Theor pee eslealated from ie measurement x= 2% In exces dtl, According othe $e er-ve sign ‘Maximus mark Sola we Percentage Proof: You must he foriliar with the above formal, The proc for ‘hiss being given below. Latte sides of the rectangle be aan b, Hc Edstre: 24 2% ofaand yh of 1000-2) yg B(100 = 9) 100 108) (106 + 2.00 =) ew ea ‘ 00? so(i00-+ 2X09 =¥) gy _ a>{LOOE 10H — Fer (coy (.00y se anoy =O HY — Hh Oy BE ° 00? Brees Dee, extents anata SG 1 tnmeesiing the dos of ena, eid i isan SH ee a ic ober 2% inet, Ped ne eo pe eae ‘Sve fn he steascet Soin: By teabove acres S24) 1. Assencess becamesign is ¥¢ senor 5-4-5 ev ne 2 yan tie of ecg ceased 05 a Be Fa eae i perc aay Wik ‘Theabe vebremn i “fhe only change Tame tear wal werk ta he Me ad cafe fom foe ose vali tenes vale, Sloe de No ett 2» (4) RED 20 451 Since the ign i-th s 2% reas inate Note: Wecarsho we oi increase -29 dees, tole ho above change om x4, fests ofa se aerate by 30% fin te econ an Woon oe seth har as been ein she pres exclwe oucier meri] % trereane in area = 30 (0) E30) O49 =59% “Theorem A theses oF ring, etn le recto, square, rte en dus Cor any 2aimeninal igure) ae ceased be soe he increased by 222 9, ge a, yg OF [2+ Ti Son: Fora trnngee Sippose «Weg hus ne sidena, bande ‘Then its area, S(s—a) (sh) (se) ior so tthe 5 ows wt al the hie se ae ino hy te siden (160+) p (ose ettone to To0 106 Now.s, + Gia era (090 +5 oo +s 2 00 Now area, Ar Ia — PTT — ec 1) tS ay [el emoneo Asin e 2 (6) cholo em 2x fk 200) x to Af 20 Percentage 301 ‘Theta anya st al henna anaes * ROAM, gr 24 8 by xt, shen its aren increases by = 52, or ax 6 Por a Rectangle : 1c the sides ofa zectangle be a and ‘Phen ils ea; A= ab Now, guppose, ts sles teome 2 (100+9) BLO ta) To) 100 “herr, ve may sy hat se of langage BY SGC ona An iy the fs area Is Increased by this is the sarue as for the triangle, [Note + Now, we don't need 9 caleslae fer square end thonabu8, That will give the some'esul. For a Rectangle: Tet havo circle wal radius retes soit When ind bores _ ,,{reamet ar r “* ia qe +x) (a) A og) SanYe inotonse im atca “hetefe we soo that i gives he sane ves for a ine al. inal conclusion : Now we conchide that ths general Rome i apolcabe lor any 2aliensioua! igure ‘Take an example: Bike sidcs a econ are inreased by I, what inthe percentage increro in ates? coy - gh =20.+ 121% Note: (1} Wiatwillbethoeffeton he ane wien Ie sides are deeoased by 2% FCTry tis youseit} (2) What 'sthe eto: onthe volume of thee-dirvensiona object tn sides av nsrease by x2 ?(Ty it youre) ‘Theorem : In an examination, x% filed 1a Eoglish'and 5% fated ‘Maths If2% ofstudents filed in both the ubjects ihe percentage of stents who passed in both the subjects ts 100 =x) (100-2) +00 9) +2 Proof: Percensge of suneuts who Bled in English only ~~ Percentage of stacens wi flied io Matis ony = G2) Se ~~ Percentage of students win Pted in bath tha subeets = 2% (wien) = he parcemage of studons who passe in both the subjcss 100 «fn a) Uy-2)-2 = 100-49 2) Ex, 62 in an examination, 40% ofthe stadens aed in Mats, 20% tule in English and 10% fila in bah, Find the persentie af stunts who pase hoi theses Sotn Fotlowieg th bows theorems, Te required % ~ 160 (40+ 30-10} =a0R6 Note: We should know thatthe flowing ses couplet thesstens ie, 100% = % oC stwents wh Zsa English oly tudes wo fai aed in Mats ay 2 of andes wh ald in both susfacts +96 of unis who pated in bot sablets Soln : The requited answer =2 x 10 + rmanspenks 2% of his nore sincere testy 2086 Pet Ws copenitne sgn sss hy Te a he pesege irre svinge. Deted Met: Sp is mor inser Rs 190 Thus He pes Re 75 mv BSS Fis ceted income = 1o0 20% C0-Rs 120 ir ieeeed experi his sings 120-82 ings 03 ‘imerease in his savings = ‘Quicker Mothod (Direet Formula): Fevecige re in gt oid x75 state i alt by sat. OF it Ba. 6: sation of sla ater ota 9 sa hy wage Oi Soke wate evpenasard holon aw comma 20% fsa nd erin guy ca Sotn Stppoo nes wa io ton, ‘The quantity ofealt= 15% of Now, after evaporaiion, only (X- 20) kg of mixture ax -contsins 2 kg of salt Hsin 3g Me her Met Direct Forms e Origivval quantity of aohation » ge ina othooka nin Soothe msi i tag nd ome we a, Te ‘Culbmbspbedsat goal ingmee Vast orate tthe? sein Scene eke ey308 ‘Then, the ne, of bens in Hind (88) Pio teroniing x, sts s)r sonore 3 % sre uld be added 10 reduce 9 litres of 50% = % srein English 68; What quai of water shouldbe ‘ i acidic liquid to 20% acidic liquid? Naw, 306 ofthe omsining, i, 30% o8{x [$4 in: Detaled Method: ; ie eminsies metfs-[Fs 8) tae et = st. Suppose x lites of water ere ude. Then, theve ape 4.5 litres of = 30% 0% = 3045 0f 2% = 2 poo aon enc, eit in (9) tes of ed Haw a, One Now. according to the question, New x-[24 2438) Nn eFeg oe Siete nas or Ra 6300 =S8OX2S o9599 oSornass Quicker Method (Direct Formula}s oy 2743K=45 On 3Ke IB = ‘No. of tots! books AB 6 tines. = 8309 /—J00_)/_100 > * i 363-20) (100 - 38 10 =, Quicker Method: The quanity of water tbe added £300 100 180 109 7 21593) 2g tes, x 505 70 7 22.500 0 Ex, 66 40 fires ofa mixture of mile and water contin 10% of at ‘ow mach watermnst be edded to make the water 20% jn then rrixture ? Soln: Quantity of water = 10% of 404 lites, Now, suppose x litres of water ere added, then AX =20%6 of HOF x) ox Ex. In 2% examination the porcentage of students qualified (a the ‘hutnber of sundente spyeafed from school “A” is 70% fn scoot “B' the nurnber of abudes's appeared is 20% more than the sladents appeared from scheol "A" and the mumbet of students {uatifed fom school “Bis 50% mere than the students qualified from schoo! “A”. Wiiat isthe percentage of stodonts qualified to on dexe casas anesthe Setar peta 87. ice Sto Bret ory Be me ‘The quantity of waterto be added = 422010), ‘Soin: Detailed methods ~ $i, ‘10% 30) Suppose 100 students appre tom Scho A Then we bn Ps, 672 The manifest ofan ile makes a pet oF 25%, te Pees ppear’ Passed ‘whoiesal desler make prof 20% and inser aes ae 100 70 prot of 29%, Find the marutictunng pee ef be mace riba a2 be “7 +504 oF 0 105, tle gold i for ts #8 305, Sotn «By te rule at fection: Required % "9g * 100 87.5% (Cost ofmanufaeturing = 28 [102 _\(-_tio_){_109 100 +28 /{ 160 + 20 || T0428QUICKER Mat oe t50 " 9 Lom 20 100 x (100.4 20)%6 * = 100 ini FT o hg mii fn a i, 205 on Ho uc “taldbencal latte pperionat eonkee The 2 Sgn yao epee gra Set: gunn 2c ae Salande sige Sipser Sa alate ie Tena meee ee Se ow tina i 10 go) os 000 == a vee 0) gre ke lek tnd saat fot all sin GSpenuine otem Aina muaeela cab ere Buteniers fein abe , [ESSE tae quo vn Thabveiston ciel quoi oss tobe aed Bet cezteitg EX Ti: Weg ftom Spann tect: 5 Hteigh nancy ead touhesehnee Shyam peter soe 2g een ae at il aoe dd ewe yen ORE Sra ee a ote Set: Lith wei fam tad Sr ea owing tegen ; sexta , . weg + Shyam's new wt= 82.8...) ME SIMS ore Gy and Re 82.8...) “From (@), x= 8 Puiting in). me get Shyam'snew wt (828-352) 476 yeoneae 19% oad + 5(100 +x) on, 100$x=19 oR method of AUigation By the mle ofaltigation x15Average An average, or more accurately an arithmetic mean is, in crude rms, the sum of'n different data divided by n. - . For example, if a batsman scores 35, 45 and 37 runs in first, _ ‘cond aad third innings respectively, then his average runs in 3 innings — 35 +45 437 : 3 equal to — = 39 runs. Therefore, the two mostly used formula in this chapter are: ormee _ Total of data Average No. of data And, Total = Average x No. of data Ex, | : The average age of 30 boys of a class is equal to 14 yrs. When the age of the class teacher is included the average becomes 15 yrs. Find the age of the class teacher. Sen : Total ages of 30 boys = 14 x 30 =420 yrs, Total ages when class teacher is included = 15% 31405 yrs *, Age of class teacher = 465 - 420 = 45 yrs. Direct Formula : Age of new entrant = New average + No. of old members x Increase in average = 15 + 30(15 - 14) = 45 yrs Ex, Z : The average weight of 4 men is increased by 3 kg-when one of them who weighs 120 kg is replaced by another man. What is the weight of the new man? Seln : Quicker Approach : If the average is increased by 3 kg, then the stim of weights increases by 3 x 4 = 12 kg. And this increase in weight is due to the extra weight included due tu the inclusion of new person. 2. Weight of new man = 120 + 12= 132 ke Direct Formula: Weight of new person = weight of removed person + No. of persons x increase in average = 120+ 4» 3 = 132 kg Ex. 3: The average of marks obtained by 120 candidates ma certam examination is 35. IF the average marks of passed candidates is 15, what is the number of candidates who passa n? Solu: Let the number of passed condidates be x.30 QUICKER Mat “Then total marks = 120 2 or, 4200 351+ 1800-155 x= 100 numer of passed candidates = 100, Direet Formats + Nursber of passed candidates Total condidaes (Foal average ~ Fulled average) Passed average — Fated average and Number of filed cendidatee = Toiateanddeues (Passed average — Jot ave Passed average — Failed overage 2 Ne teats ES Zp Bx 4120-39 2 1S 0 2r= 2400 By Method of Alligation: Pause Fake OS No. of passed candles: No.of filed candidates ~20:4~ 5: eof ms 22 sian x4 Tsoi 3 ein they of fit sh 26 sn htt aie 5, ih Sem Hl sta 20388 “The foal oF fest 6 resulis= 6 49 = 294 "The 6th esa is common 0 bots; Sixth result = 294 + 312. $50) Direet Formula : th result = 50 + 6{(82 - 90) + 49 50)} = 50+ 6 (2-1 Rx, $: The average age of 8 persone in a commitice is ineroosed by ‘years when to mon aged 35 y13 and 45 yrs are substiuced ‘hwo women, Find the average age ofthese two women, ‘Soin : By the direct formule usod ia Bx. 2, . Ge total age oF two women = 2x84 (354 45) =16-+80=96 yes, weiage ati snes age wo wore = 2 888 Ex. 6: The average age ofa fmily of 6 members s 22 ys. Tethe age of the youngest member be 7 ys, then what was the average age oF le family #¢ the beth oF tre youngest mernber? Soln : Tol ages ofall memsbere =6 « 22132 yn. “Ty ago, tial sun af ages = 132 - (6 » 7)= 90 yes But ar that ime thore were 3 soerabers ithe facil. +, Average at that ime = 90= $= 18 yx. Ex. 7 =A man bought 13 shins of Rs 50 each, 15 pants of Rs 60 each ‘an 12 paits of shoes at Rs 65 a pair. Find the average valuc of cach article Soln : Direct Method: 139 50.4 15x64 12x 6S Average Tan 1S + IZ Ba. 8 Theaveragescore of cricketer in two matches is 27 and in three ‘ofher matches 1832, Then find the average score inal the five mathe. Sola : Diroct Method Average in Sraaiches =Rs 58.25 De MTA SEW yg 2s a Bx. 9 The average of 11 resus is 30, that ofthe first fives 25 and that ‘of the last five i 28, Find the value of dhe 6th uuraber. fast five result) 1430; (525-45 28) 30-265 = 65 [Note : Ex 4 and Ex 9 are diferent In Ex the 6 est is common to ‘bththe groups butin Ex he wsulisexchuded inboth terest Ex. 10 zlva chs, there aro 20 boys whose average ape is decreased by months, when oxe boy aged 18 yearsis replaced by anew boy. Find the age of the new boy. ‘Son This example is similar to Ex.2. he only difference is that in [Ex 2 the average inoreses after eplacerseat whereas in this case the average dectosses, Thun you can see the difference in direct ferns.oe QUICKER MATH Avorano ats Ya mar goes w u ceriaia place at a speed of'e km/ir and returns tothe origina place ata speed ofy da, then the average speed Direct Formu ‘Age of new person = Aye af remaved person -Nio of persons x Decrease in averageae 218-2058 tanga dem jours 22° 3 wt RM 2s ayragonte fp Noteelnall he shovettroccasis he wo pansofthejoumey are equ ‘aence the last rwe may be considered as special eascor the fist That's why all the three Toad tothe same resule Proof: Proof for this is avon ix "Fime anc Distanoe” Chapter. ‘Theorem: ffa person travels threw equa lstemces ofa speod of kor, katie ur = he rospacively, then the average speed during the soa x. 115A batsman in hie 17th inngs raakes a score uF RS, and thet increase his average by 3, What is hk average afer 7 tung ‘Soln : Lat the average after 16th inyiags hex, then 16x + 85 = 17 (e+ 1) Total score ater 17h nines x=85-51=30 aye woe ourasyis onthe. verage afer 1? fanings 3-4 3=34 6397 Hoke fownsy is rag Proof: Let the thee equal distances be 4 ke Time taken atthe speed af rks Diveet Hormule: Average afer 1 innings = 853% 17= 34 Average sfler 17 innings ~ 89-317 = 1) 37 x. 125A crckoterhaseompeted (0 ngs and hs average fs 215, Fs. Hose may eas rms akin his ne isis his average to 24? Sota Tora of tOinangs = 215 10= 215 Suppose he needs a Seow of xf Liu innings; then averege in ‘Tne taken atthe speed ofy Aah “Time taker atthe speed of skew 4 “Taal dire uveasatine 444 4 = 4 kn ‘Average speed during the ste journey Bo! Bue Bede oy yee ¢ Formula: Required seore = 11 «24-265 x 10=49 [Note : The above focrials i based om te theory that the differesce ig ‘counted di to the score in fast ising ra Bax 13 A tain travels tom A to B atthe ute 20 km per hour and tom B lo A atthe ate of 30 ken, What isthe average tats for the whole jounsy? Average related 0 spoet ‘Theorem ff gersen travel dance cra nocd af bf an ie sone aitaie ot seed of yb, onthe average spel dani ie pawns s 20430 Ex Hz Apersondivdos ita rostof uma nt thre otal pars arddecides torn the ors weitapesor sand Sn ‘apectvy Find his avenge sposhrng the wl ours. + By the foreula: Averge speed = = hae, ‘woe fouriey s given by 2° fan. Sry Uhatfof he Sourney ks warcied eva spced of koe and the se lf spent fy hte the average ect ary che ean eae ts tn: Byte theorem: Aven speed ——3* 8 fey 2 ade Son Bi te theorem: Aver sped ys 40n _BiH020300 13 ay eny 50a4 QUICKER Wat Average 315 Bx. 18: One-thind of a cttain journey iseovera atthe ate oF 25 kt © one-fourth al the rate of 30 kan/ar abd the rest ot SU kwh. Fi the average speed forthe whee journey. Soin Lot the total journey be-rken, Then’ kan atthe speed ot 25 Bx, 17: There wers 25 studects in 6 hostel, IE she number of students ‘nsteasts by 7, the expeisos ute mess inecoase by Rs 42 per day hile the avoruge expenaitae per head ciniishes by Re 1. Find 0s ovighaal expendiare of the mese Soln : Suppose the average expenditure was Rs x, Thea iota expenditure = 35%, ‘When 7 move suadents joi the mes, ol expenwdnane = 35x44 expenditure = 328242 _ 384142 ‘Now the awmage expenditure = 922242 SS and? kas a 30 kav andthe rest distance ( - a he speed of 50 ral, ‘Total time tken doting the journey of x an ee eee ine tea0" Resi" ‘eo 100, Now, wehave KT verge cpead= 22 1% 99h an 3 ss wveape sped == ala gant 0 ‘Thus the ctiginal spendin of hemess=35 » 12 = Re 420 Note Direet formulas i his example the titee paris ofthe joutney are na equal; wwe didn'tapply the theorer Bx, U6: The average salary ofthe entire stalin a wie is Re 120. month, The sverage salary wf offic is Rs 450 and ttat ror-offeets is Re 110. If the number af officors is 18, then the nuniber of non officers inthe office, Solm: Let he required ruraber of non-otBcers =x ‘Thea, L10x +460 x 13 = 120 05 +x) or, 120K = 110K = M6 15 = 120 « 15 = 15 (68-129) or, 1OK= 15234; 2. xm 1S 4510 ‘Quicker Method: (Meshod of aligationy: Oliicers Man-ofFcers mito 7124 yy est ro foe onan = 1:30 ee (OR Direc ForinesNo. cn ie = No. of oficers x (-_A¥:S8lr¥of offers — Mean ayerage Itean averope — Av. sala of aon-oflicers (2 120) a0) the orginal expentinre= eae inten af 05°08] ae uaa Note ¢ This forutla may be use in diffrent cases of such examples. ry it EXERCISES {tn an exeminaiion. a batch of 60 siudents rude an average scone of 5S and anor hash of 0 mace it orly 45, What isthe everalavsre age scored se 940 D314) 86 S)None ofthese 2. The average rar ofa suden in four subjects is 75. Ifthe seat ‘obfained 80 marin he St subject he the new averaae DM] HM 4S S)Nenw ofthese 3. The average of frst 1 natu umber is M2305 N31 32S) None ofthese 4. [ian exars, the avorage was found to be SO marks, After deducting ‘computational enors the marks the 100 candidateshad abe changed! Fora 80 each and the average come dn o 45 matks."The totala6 QUICKER MATHS 13002) -3)200 4h 1505) None of these 5, Theavenge ageats group of 16 persons is 28 yes and 3 months, Tw29 persons east 58 yrs all eA ihe proup, The average age of the re san sng pers is 32. 224 yt )20 Sy None ef have 6. "Lhe average weight of 50 balls ig gr. Ifthe weigh oF the bag he eluded the average weigt aczeases by 0.05 em. Wht isthe weight of he bag? SOS 2460331705 4)7155.__ sp Noneofthese 7, The avenge aye ofa group of 10 students is 1S yes. When 5 mone Shades joined tae group the average age rose Ly Ty. The ava ge (in years of ihe pet sderss is TIS yes 217 ys 31S yrs 4) 129485} None ofthese 8. Theavcrage weight of8 persons is fncwaed by 2.5 kp when one of them who weighs S6kg isreptaced by 9 aew nian, The welalt ofthe 173 ky Dike 280 ke 5) Non of these 9. The average weight ofA, B and C is £4 kg, [FD joins the group, the average weight a he gious hacomes 80k, Muncther mio weighs 3 ky mote than D, replaces A. then the averoge of fy, 1) an E becomes 79g, Wiat is the weight of A? UGiky 2) 2ky ISK ECS 5) None of hese 19.'The average of 11 results is 30, Tre average of frst 6 reals is 19 lang he that of tat 52, in lhe 6th result, 550 2352 3)864)60 5) None of hese (U. A-saun drives tis office at 60 for and retuens be all the sme route a1 krvh, Pia! the erage speed. 1950 whe 2)45 kev 4) Skene 5) None ofthese 12. Fin dhe average of tise consecutive even mimes be, dad e wT ke 3340 kmtae covets + of his journey by tain an, next by hy 15.4 mm covets of his joarey by an 84 nese By 4130 krvhr and the es by eyele a 10 Kine. Hid his avesage spo ring whale journey. 15 30 aah 3)20 kone Denke 51 None atthe ! average 317 ANSWERS 1 Bavene of conbine map = PEE 148 nts 140 23 Be 7 % 5.3; Sum of st 61 sours mbes = S481 3) 2 = 61102) Average = S102) eo 3 By Direct Formula : ‘The average of est ° natural members jg: 2 Hence ints case, veruge= SL*1 yy 4.2: Let te total number of ei dates =» 2 Mise WOU) — 60) 4 51205: 5ox5 1) Beet Formate ‘Wotng ON sags been aa os af et SODSGD Sass tsdiog OE Plage of dons 18010. Seas Tok se 18 sete Tea og Bons Sham ms Awage of ew stucents 8.55048 2.576 yrs D3 AE BH Cm 3 2252 ip AV BEC EDM ds 89400 D=200- 252-68 kg TES SHS 3271 hg Now, 70-8 4 ARS ig 18 yrs, 98 QUICKER MATHS 10.3;6 x A9~ 652-1) x 50= 204 + 312-350 85 13; Directorate 2x60 30_ 2x@ Aree Soy 3p oA 12, Average of ive ensseutive even murs or eld mises 5 the smd tern, In this case the average ise 3 W@ x 30% 10 Bas0+ = 10 1300 usw Me 10 a BM 10 20h 13.3; Averages Problem Based on Ages ‘To solve the probloms based on ages students te require the Snoveledge oF imear equations. ‘hs mld needs some base concepts a8 well as sone mote time guon st eras, Somotimes its eases Io solve the problets by taking the piven ekoices in acount. Bur this bit-and-trial method peoves eosily sonnctines, when wu reach ot solu- ‘Son much ler: Wehnve rie! 10 eyrlumtesome easier well x8 quicker imetledsto-olve tis ype of questions. Although weare otableloeovst tach tyne af questions in thi section, cur asm is to minimise your ical, questions he age oft father’ years ago was 7 times the aye of hie son 1 present he Goes ae i ive Limes that at his sr. What ane the present ages ofthe lator nil the sou? Ex. 2 1 Atpreseat the aye ofthe her i five times that theage ot his sont Thive years hence, the fater'sage would be four es that of hs sem Bind the pesest ages of fe fcr andthe soe, # Three years carer the fase was 7 tsesas olds his yon. ree yeas honee the father's age would be four times thal oF his son __ What ate the present apes ofthe Lilher and the son? By the conventional method : Soln :4.Tet the present age of son =x yrs Ther, tae present sue ofthe Bx. 3 yeu ex9, Tix 358-3 on, 7-2) = 54-3 oR 2k= 18. x= 9 ys Therstore, sows ge = Syts, Pather's age 45 yr. 2, Lol the present aye af con = x yrs Taco, the present ape of tthe = Se yrs Satn 3 yes hence, Het 5a 13 en Axe = Sx ys. Therefore, sen’ age=9 yrs ane! thers ge 45 yi.0 OUIGKER Wa Soin 3, Lethe present age of son= x.7s ‘nd the present age of father=y yr. Byeeation, 700-3)=y-3 66, 7k-y. Byrstionce has Ne y+ 3 wnasti2-yt3 we da-y Solving (1) 8 2} we get, X= 9y1s &y—45 ym, Quer Met Sala Sonsage 2202-9 59 ard thers oye 0 5-45 ys, Uncut you gt confer wth he abs meting, is very easy to und ad meno Se the Flowing frm soto Ghai meee efter 'sage was mesa ef som. tre the father's age is y times that of his son, Whaat ave the present teeth son nt cher? Sin ege SED Soln. 2: Son's. age = GDS ye Sn4. an father's nge—9» $= 45 yrs ‘Te maks mote clear, te the fellowing form ie present age ofthe father is y tines the age of his son. 3rs Ireace, the fther's age become 2 tanes the age af his son. What ar the present ages of the fer and fle soa? -Ne Son sage = ae | 3G ra eis Soln. 3: Son's age = 34 = D307 =D _ 9418 3: Son's age a Bao ym ‘To make the above Tormala < 9x20 168 IN wa 1x s % prot oe lass = Profit and Loss, a0 Sime sini tewisn ein Dishonest dealer using false weight Ex. 6: & dishonest dealer prnexses to sell hin pods at con peice bul he tesa weight oP 960 gr fy ie Ke weight. Find his enin por cen, Soln: Suppose gouds cost the dealer Re I perky He sells fr Re 1 ‘what cost him Re C6. Gain ou Ke .96= Re 1-Re0.96 = Re 0.4 Canon Rs 100 = 288 e109 = Re nate Gain =A, Direct formala: ‘oeain 100) Tew value = Err or, 2 sin ca 7 ‘dao =ay * 1 = 4% Ex.7: 6 dishoncstdiler professes elthis goods atenst rice, but be uses weighiof 50 gn forthe ke weight. Hind his gain pox cent Son: Diese formule , Ero, 0 Bn Tue vate — Exar * so Fay * 100-5 26% Px. 8: A grocer sells ice a a profit of 10% and wes a weight which is 20V4 less, Fn his oil percentage gan Soin: Detail method Siponsehe met at Rev 110s nentewaks Hs) Hox, 0 ang li® aati IIE I scr an at Re perky ke Now, % profit = x 100 = 37.995330 ‘QUICKER MAT! Quicker Method : cal peceniage pote = OL loin we “otal peteeniaye mont = “SRE Te 100 10420. 9g 20100 5 oe Tee 2e 5 100— 1M 7.506 EX.9: A dishonint dealer sli gonds at 644% toss on cost price bata 1H om inva of 16 es, Want bi peng pot ot | ‘Sola :'Detail method : Supposa the cost price is Rs x per kg, 3 won| ts ‘The se te goad or Real ros [- Rel peck New suport gf Gods ‘The, hot vent = Ray ona ean mtn estriol is % prot Direct Formula: Ifthe shopkeeper eells his goods at x% ross on oo pricebut uses yam instead ofrgm, thenbia% prafiterlossis [100 - x] 2-100 aa the sign is-+ve or ve {190-3 i Inthe above case, smc yi] 10 — 1511400 _ 100 _ 50.9 wa Sse hn thi of Note See mee fr of he bove gto IB 1 10 Adon esl nego 2% hs non prc wlan Wl shape pore? Solu Tn this ease, we uso th diget formule as: radi or loss percentage Prot ond Loss st 0-6} sae 28. + 190-109 = = 108 —J00 woah we 8 t ~ 35109 ~ 100-2 7 fx 100- 100 = F560 100— P= 7h z Sic ign hee ita rst we: De Diu rete same ting AER 9, ees ‘orgon. Th ipl fatbous Ses ph TB et any Te a cb Shine, sane it pina ofone hy i i gos Rd his actual % profit or toss 1) when he sells his site om 4% loss on cos pice. 1) when fe sls is ardele on 6 gain an cost prez ‘Soin: Detail Metbod: Suppoae the cou price of 1000 gm is Rs 100. 100, Con pice of 40 gyn =H (840) Rs 8H For (a), selling tice of 840 grm~ Rs (100 -4)= Re 96 2 Profit SP «CP = 95-4 =RS 32, : 125100190 _ 2 seprote= B IO IP = 16, Tor bp, selling pee of 849 zm Rs (100-44)= Rs 104 2 roit~ SP CP= 104-84 = R520 = DAI _ al, = apron = ON aah Cuter Mets Theil bas fc se pe ofan Sone ee cose hea ince font (000g ie Mee at arte patna gaat Teepe 0-3) ceaseoft nd Loss 399 382 QUICKER MAT Cet tasers gin ae fone 20 4 al Bolsa pea po bees res han creases 0 <9 [ sen ne Cornbining the we cases, we have Gain or ess% =(1003) 10 Wer sns2sy neste it «250 215 Another suggested method (By Rule af Fraetion) the wonted to sell tho bicvele ata gain of 10%, the selling Prive (reqited value) must be greater than the cost price (sopphed Value) sc. we should multiply Rs 250 with a moreahancone value Gacton. Since chee isa gain, oar calculating figures should be 100 and etion should be Ht (100 +10) an te fasion shoot be HE, x according asthe sim is Hyer ve Inthe wove caaex=4 and X-~ 840 ges, hereon, (9) % toss o gin = 100 —4)(227) 109 ‘Tous, seing price = 250 x HE = Rs 275 961000" 800 2 OR, Asthereina yen, SP mus be grater oa CP. = 901000 300 yoy. (OP gg As thers gin, ese 0 7 7 sa, SP=(100 + 10) % of CP Secetengrin te Suisa raat a oe nom eaz7s ws 8) YB Ama go i 8S Fy mihi 40$% 1000 2400 yy 500_ 5,17, As thet is Tos, the SP mbt thon CP 4p HOOT HOO BP = Ba $80, SP (100. 10) 36 of CP ‘Another Example 2, A selicr used 990 pr in place of one kg ta soll the rice. Pind his actual woo * 560 ft oc ess percentage wien be ell (210 10% loss 09 cost price. (6) Oa 10% proton cost price, Using the above general foruta: (rng 9-19 By Rate of Fraction: Caeulaing figures a9 100 ead (200-10) ‘Sinee the reqtize! value i ens than 1, 90 wo us scing oe 2 aot Nite Oso undstandthethanen wll os ee awe oly cts dhe uray ses bvar Be ‘Tofind the Cost Price Bx, 14s If by selling an article far Re 390 a shophecper pains 20%, fod the multiplying ruciiba iscost “To find the seting price Solas Ifthe SPbe Rs 120, he CP isRs 10 12: A man bought a eyes forRs 250. For how mich sad sel . is Rs! 399 = petit the SP be Rs 390, ie cP is Rs OE 390 = Rs 32s Solns 1'CP is Rs 100, the SP is Re 10,ae ‘QUICKER [By Rule of Practior ‘Required velucislessthanthesuppkied value: thenetore 100 sould be muiplied by T5535 c= a90 28 na 25 yong gods rR 35286, Tos 12%; find se eos Solu: CP showld te more tiny SPs 0 we mulpy SP By oo 109, ino 2 c= 288 ew Goods passing through successive hands Ee 16: Anelis good OB ats pot of 20% and B sels iw rot of 2586- IPC py Re 225 fore wha was he cost bea? Sule: Dang bh te tancston tt ase prot. So on cae -figutes would bs 124, 125 and 100. A's cost price is certainly! ‘than C's selling price. ton | 100 2 Rauited price “225 % 450» Ty = Re 150 ‘Remark; Since we needa vilue which i less than the given value ‘ur oultiplyig factions should be less than one. Tat is why sole 10, 190, nultiplicd 225 with DS and OE. a action which is moze thas 1) so our eeleistng figores woul be 130,80 and 100 oa = 520» i B's contof pice = 520 «12 A's vost price ternative method for Bx. 16 & x. 17 (2) When there are ovo siceessive profils of x% and 2% the resultant pods per coat is given by . ea cy ‘Thus fo? Bx 16, ne resultant profit x bye 335 Ra 150 (2) When there iva proKtot'% and loss of ¥% ina transaction, thon tae resultant profit or loss percent i given by x29 Aap > pot bec signs Hye 52 » 19 ps seg, cr Nate: Taso fori ~y- [Bx.t8: By selling a horse for Re $70, a tradesman would lose 3% At wha pice must he sll to wxia 347 Solu: (190° 57% ofthe CP = Rs $70 © (004 5)% of te P= 105 = RS 630 Ifyou don?t wont to go ilo details of the method, you may follow the methed of fraetion, ue calevating Sigures ara (200 - 5}, (160-+3} and 100. cops ittone= 570 109 16 "Tims, P= 270 « AD 5 15 os 630 ExA9% A machine is sold for Re SOG st. guin of 10% Whet stould have been the gain loss per contifithad been sold or Rs 43702 + required price = ZS lis citait 18 fin ao ton +2 +p ate yr. Conon eon? Soln: Calculating figures are.110 an! 100, 10 ce x HR = Re 4000 2nd SP=Re 4370 loss = 3% Ex.20: Ysokés book ata post of 12% , Had [sold tr Rs 18 more,938 QUICKER at ond Loss 37 18% would have been gained. Find the cnst poe, Solu: Hero, Aciaal selling pie = (Hp) 11s of cos: = 12% amt Hs 18 30 6% oF cost = Rs 18 ‘Supposed cost price — A] 95° 2 cot B® HO a a9 6 Quicker Matis: Ignoring the intermediate steps, we have a dl formula for such questions 1s Supposed setting price =a ( 3} ‘Phere, we fag a relationship oy, 5 _ 4 ( 901/125) aioe on 1005100 3100 + 100. —___ Move gaia 100 Cost Difference in pe prof Ex21: A man sold a horse ata loss of 7%. Had he boon able to sel ata gain of 9% , would bave fetched Rs 4 more than itd mo 0» 0 What waste cust pce? ‘Solns Hore 109 % af vost - 93% afvast — Rs 64 ax ie 100 = a. 125, 16% ofcot= Rest enst =A 1 «ps 9 Note: nthe above example the relationship given in(®)ahould hector, By direct fort Hath sds of le equation ae the suposed sling pec of he Gx 10 x 100 article, With help ofthat equation we gel cost price in €}(4. If en eR yeurernorber(}(, you can seve ml time, But snes the (ype Df question varies frequently, you ate stiggested to proceed aller fing the relationship given in (*). petsou bought an srielo and sold it st a toss of 0%, [Phe ad ‘bowehtt for 20% less and sold it for Rs £5 more he would have had pra a 40M, Find the cnet price afte atk, Solm : Ife cost price is A, the upposed selling peice Note: Sinoe 2% lags = (7) % profit 18x22: A porson sels an article at 3 profit uf 10%. The had bough it 3¢ 10% less and sold if Tor Rs 3 more, he wou have prined 25%) Find the cost pre. Solu: Lot the actual cost pice = Rs 100 Actual selling price at 10% profit = Re 110 Soiree “geal te emis ee resanemeaniad Bea (Note: Ife waite the direc formelo, we will have to keap on thing in ‘ind that for oss ard y% gain cur calculating figures will be (300-49 an 100+, : x28: A an buys an acticleand slls tats protito®20%. [Phe bought the diference is Re 3, the CP: By Rule of Fraction el the cast ofthe article be A.308 ‘QUICKER Mar i. 2 and sd i R75 ey Ul hae i hs wiancheont poe! Sola Lathe tn ot sn 00 en seep 209 rot = Rs 20 Sopdet yea a0 ty RD Spd aing peat 25% ain» 25m 1, «the difference in selling price = Re 120-Rs 190 = Rs 20 [the difforence fs Rs 20, the CP = Rs 100 Tete ditfrencois Ra 75, the cp = 00 WO. aens375 By the rae of fraction : Let he cost price Be A, Gen 129 30 (128) a(t)-7 (ite (i) - 120-< 100 ~ 40 « 25 fe] 75.2100 » 100 130 5 100 — 80% 1S x. 28: A dealer sold radio sta los of 259%, Had he sok it for Ra 2 ‘mote, he would have geined 7.5%, For what vale should he imo gan 1239 Sota: Spore bot ao ‘Then sling pie 25% loss sex ons nd alling price 47.5% gain 100475) _p, 1075 ea) BTo0 From the question, 00 of, {Ox 190 x 109 ‘Vherelore to guin 12.58, he outa sel for are reson 8) ge Prof and Loss Quicker Method Selling pice - M9®e10pees (100-4 35 tial gas) ers 6 ain + loss = OUEST ns igs 75 +25 Ex. 26; Ancartcl ix sold at a proft of 20%, I batk the cost price sad, seling price are Rs 160 less, the profit would be 4% snore. Find she vost price. ‘Solm: Suppose the cost price of tht artic ts Rex. lta 3 (122) “The solling pric ae Severe wd NERD oi] 2) nec orp tele) oof Now perventage profit = ‘We ae elso given that he new percentage ef profit, 20442 24% 20% 2400 + ong tan =2400 3 x00 ‘Tins cos of the article = Rs 60 Direct Formula: When cost price and selling price ae reduced by the same amour (sy A) then : Come price = Hil prot #6 + Ioevease im pro 86 be A nara in pai, C110 gop NNoter What keppess when the cost prive and selling pce so redused by dllerentariounts? For that case we have detiveda general forma: Tek the follow: ing form of questions: In this ease, Cast price: i0 QUICKER MAT Proft and Lose et ‘Soln: Suppose the cost price of tble=Rs T and cost price of a chair Rac ton batt ois] otc=2s \ Lgore = peer 1) "An ails sold at PY prof. WitgCP ie lowered by Re cand the same time its SP is alse lowered by Rss then pevoenage of increases by pc. Find the cat price of tat arse," Cou Feige « 2 +B = IDES 6) P, Ra: (@) An article is soll af 20% profit. its CP anal SP are tesa by Re 10 and Rs 5 respectively the peroeniege profit inezeasos 1046, Find the cost price, 1B c=2500 — ~@) Soln: Using the above formula 1220419 -10065-10 | 800 peg (ys 24 @pea gives Pr Bra 1950 Xi 78 Ex: (b) Anarticieisvold 425% oroft-1itsCPand$Paremoreby 1350 ‘Rs20and Rs d respectively the percentage of pol decreaes by 153 Find the cou pee, + Price of a able = Rs 360 ‘Solms We may use the hove formula inthis question HF we put the +e “ve signs corecty For example, in this ease, CCP and SP are decreased by Rs(-20) and Rs (4) rempeativcly wh Cai Ya prolt inoreases by C15, Now, CP = 2203-15) = 100, f= 4~ -20y1 “is 25 L 4: Rare of cos oftable toctair= 2; 3 abt Inte fest ease, suppose the averal profi is x then 80 = is 15 ‘Tha, we see that the ove question can be asked in sory by changing “increase” into "decrease" and "decrease" into "increase, ‘Table yon ert the ruse in the dove ori, you ean 33x allghese types of cuestons very ew th. 27 Aneesh attic cao stom erator) (2 atts bao tele ns 25,01 oad it stvts uiem niosor tbs antbet ate ptt al ener a narans Few pce te leoe evecare s,s we BS nual. By Wow, 2B «Ras 10 Ro + eost of table = 2° 3= Rs 260. Te2 ‘Note: Woe thatthe method of eigaton becomes lng bo>euss Bie nt in condtion fo use it dey. If we ad te 6 value oft ine fst cas, the method oF ligation would have Tix. 26 An aisle i Sod at 20% profit. 1s cost pres Suoresed Tees and at he sate fits ating pres alo increased pe, peomag of rot sate 2%. ide sac Bfncongem tae rem gne Tees genes en ever Rae oe aulbes covar-n Bea neo Nov tener pnt sn (0 +9) af 5 Cater Mt et tu cage i i a 2 cic Mle peter tig 10 op 380 co dh c= 3 50-30 raft nal Loss a9 350 = 180 , 200 oe Ra 80, Theorem : If cust price of articles i equal io the selling price ofy articles, shen profit percentage ana 100% Ex.29: The coat price of 10 zrticles in equel tothe seling price of 9 articles. Find the profit percent. Botn: Let the coat price of Ladiclebe Re 1 * Cost ef 19 articles = Rs 10 Selling price of 9 artcies = Rs 10 Selling pie of 10 ates = Rs IERMP — py OO 100 10 sinon Rs 10= Rs ABRs 19 = es + gpa om pet » pet given Rs 100=Ra AB » Ronit andy profitper cents 1124, ‘Auother Method : ‘Th avoid much calculation we shoulé suppose that the tat investment = 10% 9 Rs90 Then cost prise of 1 arcs ance ae» $2 Reo 1o-9 1 sept $2=2 100-2 190 HE v6 profit wo -Lam=niss By Diet Forma (ge erm pat =2 1.84 arth rere i 28 Why envecest Eoncipts afore hot aren 2 pede» b= 23% La My ‘Let the total invesmuent’be 16 x 20 Rs 220sea ‘QUICKER MA By Direct Formula: Gepost A'S 5 109 = 25% 4 Ex. 31: A wholeseller sells 30 pens for the peice of 27 pens fo arta ‘The retailer sels the pens at the marked price. tid the perc profit ofthe reteler. 4 pratt Ore Ex. 32: By selling Go menres clo, a person gains he cost of2 net Find his gain % 2 1 Soln: % guin=Z x Wa = 33} 9 ‘Dealing in two or more parts Ex. 33: [7 eoeds he purchased for Bs 450, and one thins be soldat a ‘of Lu, at what gain per cet should the remainder be sold so ‘9 pai 20% on the shoe tasaction 7 Sok nt of of pont 3? « Re 59 “Thesalig ee of neh ede - oo Rs 150 x he Ross Tootoalsling pice isto be R450 « BE = Re st too Tience te welling prise ofthe remaibing tworkieds of tbe este (Rs 540 - Rs 135) oF RS 40, _Butthe cos price of his to-hiels =Rs 200 105, > gain = 188 100 35% Short-cot suggested method: If we ignore all the iotenmediale steps we would reach att following: etx bythe equited percent, then rotator oe 2 orga 16) 20009 wooo ox fy 2000221 weer a xB By method of aligation : This question an beaolved.by the methodof aliguion very quickly. See Ex 33 in Chaplet ALLIGATION, Ex: If goods be purchased for Rs 840, and onesforat be sold sta oss of 20%, az whal gain per erat should the remainder be sold 30 a8 te yain 20% on the whole transaction ? Sola: Lersrbe the reqsired percent, then 1 3 don: 4100-20) +3 (100 +2)= (100 +20) & 020475 3B= 120 Be, on nas ox = Wants Sy mete of lation See Bx 35 apes ALIGATTON EL'35 Ae pce toot snd Icon ets 100 Hess serfs 13 pall on issn a 0 ose T he feds ote dasa ean Sy pt Sola : Detail Method: Lote coat horse bs Rs, then ttl elling poe =5( 115), 50 fH) (1) conn (f= ox. STS +90 16000 = 450K = 10975 3 109 oe lase= 27500 = «= EE “Therefore, Cost of one hue = Rs 1100 and costo one cow 1000 510. 45 Shortcut Method (By method of alligaion): Overall af prot = FEES «100 = 3.758% 7900QUICKER nT Now, Horse Cow "sent 211% prot _ Batt 1575 1.35 "sem aout inves fees a eo ost price 0° horses ~ 109M. 1 = 25 5500 is cos price ot see 00 ances rca How = Rs LORES yo 450 Fx. ba ‘Two-thirds of x consignment was soldat was sold ata profi of 6% and she rest ata Joss of 3%, there was an overall profit oF Re S40, find ine value ofthe consignment " Sola: Decal Metin Sporn ala of seas eas 2 Rox Thin 2x ssid pf ey ors 2e 2) 3 - Re (0) ind pestis: ($7. Ane} 28/106), x99 f(s x6 2497, _ W300 _ on ® aon sig 300 Sines, = 540 Now, rafts xo Rs HES ge 000 Quicker Methud: Vole of Covsignment=— Tote Profi 100 Se prot x? = oss prof 2 los 880-2100 xea3nt or taany Re Ron i Prost and Loss on Rat ‘The doove foreyta ean be writen in he Form (Gens fest): is par is sold at % profit, w part issold at n% profit. partis sold 1 p% profil and Rs P is earned as overall profit then 4 F100 {the value of total consignment ~ am tay +72 in Be. 36, xe used profit (loss in the denomination. pe 37: A person bought two wateles fer Rs 480. He sold one at loss vats and theoterata in af 174 arul he Founda each wate ‘Sassold nihe same price Find the costpcicesol hetero watches Soin We ave not going 1 discuss the deta method. Only some bist opening iis enous for you. the CP oF the fst wate it, itt oo 19) van OT ‘ow ant fora and wet the tw pies. thes cb ok att std a loos = 180-100 pro direct Formala: CP of watch sll a lost 63s} 50 + 8) 4g c139 Rs 260 “€¥ of wate soldat gain = 480 - 280 {UVP of watch sold al gain 80 100 961088) ps 26, {rou — 159+ (000 — 19) 2) The dite formula hes been derived eos the detaiied method “Try to iad st yourselt su stats comma sida st rad ‘andthe res a 24% profil. IF total profit of Rs 628 cere, then find the value ofthe commodity. 5 200. Lig sold at 20% profit sein: Supove he vi the omy wae Rx Thee ld spe manos) SE ere me #(15)42(2%), (24) = sone § (35) +8(32) (a) te Rae on re mo8 ‘QUICKER maT Cukor Method Det ma Ve ofcomdiy = 2100 Rishon Som xo Suse ig RAG Note: Use-ve sign when some partis soldat lass. Far example, sco XY. ean Zotaconsigunt wa ld 6 pottant eet 2%, U thore was an overal profit of Rs 340, find the value oft ‘consigmunent. 510-1 Feoten Ex. 40: Nandlal purchased 20 dezen notebooks at Rs 48 pec dozen, A ‘olden 1% oth nl omiing Svan Tota nope ok a wee 2 dren tr -20 7 48s Senet donna) Sela: Value of consignment = Rs 18,0 Sot ‘Selling rice of (2 dozen notebooks =Rs 12x 44 tig ices 2 ng PSE ay SSE S588 sey apy 7 ie 58 nears 0 a 5 : <9 ‘Quicker Methnd : (Dicect formula): (Fist pa = % provi om fire pert + rrcentage prof = #8221 DU % profit on second pat Peteentage profit Total af two pars Here tol! = 20 dozens are odin two pats, ‘first part dorens cad second pati ~ 12 dozens Prott nd Lee ae Reduetion in price x41 A section of 10% inthe price of sugar enables a person to brain 25 kg mere for 8s 225, What the reduction pace pee kg? Tiga alsa the original pice per kp, Soln: Owing tote falhin price, there isa saving of 10% oa Rs 225.0, Person purchawos 25 ke of sugar, lence reduced price perky = Rs 22.5+25 = Re090= 90P Original prive = 90P x HO — Ret Too- 19 Sale of Mixture Bx. A2: A grocer mixes 26 kg of sugar whieh cost Ra 2a kg with 30 ky of sugar which cost Rs 3.60 akg and sells the mixture at Re 3.3, ‘kg, What is his total gain and the profit percent ? Soln: Profit = (26 ke-+ 30 kg) > Rs kg - 26 ke ~ Ks Nhe + 30 kg x Rs 3.60/kg) =Rs 168-Re (52 + 108)= Rs 168-Rs 160 = Ra 8 eprom 75 x 100 = 5% “Theorem: A nia purchases @ certain number o articles axa rupee “Ged th Sao nuner ay a rpc. He ives thew togther ant sels them ui 59 rape. Then Bie gain ew 96 =[ Fe P5j 1] 10 osuring ase sgn iste ar ve Proof : Let Die man purchaie 4 number of ances, A there 07 atsios pernpes. CP of Antites Rs A ¥ Atte mite ofy anicles per apes, CP of A articles = Rs A\A Total cnat rice = 4 A price= S4 ‘Now, selling price of 2A artclos atthe rate of atites px rupee 2A350 QUICKER MAT 2a_ (AA) rere ety 2A ey) 2. 109 =| Ney) A+) » Ex 43: A man purehass a cain vambor of mangoes 23 per ‘ae the sue aumnher at per rupee, He nines them ogeiher and se tem at 3 per rupee, What is ls gain or loss per cer” Salm By the theorem ‘Dede Petrpaserelat a} = [aly 168. [ape suse tein ie ree no 44s Aman purchases a certain number of roses t 29a mupee ‘ho sar ruber at 20 rupee. He mixes them together and sl ‘them at45 for2 rupees, Wht does he goin or ose per cect in th ‘cansection ? Bala: Suppose the man bought x nuniber of toftees at 25 rapee. Trai: = 2 -[2 x Proft=28 x 2 +e ) a OL as 7 100 ~~ 300 v0 sign shove tht here is. oss. sites 00 a amd 2= Sans Prot and Loss 261 2% profit ortoss =| —28*__ 1], 109 int yy 2425 x30 sieeay "1 19 Since the signi ve there falas of UF % Ex. 48: Oranges are bought at 11 fora mpee and an equal sumer more 19 for rupee. Hasse are sold 10 fora rupee. ing the loser gale per cent Spin : By the theorera + 2x ted Potala Since the sign ise thet is loss af 1%. [Note (1) From the shove two examples, we find shat whe. there is always fas. 2) here is = y= 2, ee ie nether guin nar ins, Da you agree’? toffees are bought the rte of 25 fr mp, how ony est ‘be Sold fora tupee 90 25 to gain 25% ? 135s Soln: SP of 23 oftes= Ret x EB = Rs S ~ Na, oF tofiees sol foe Re Ex. No offers eRe 142944 20 Shortt Method (eto retin: eihre'2 29% pean oan re wuld be 128 a a Now psec esuld onesies282 ‘QUICKER WATHS| a bo kth he ur Bou for ore ps Tus he bing ton 32 “ged atten =a « 1 x47: Arman buys horses and 7 oxen for Re 5850. He sells the horses, ata profit of 10% and oxen ata profitof 16% and his whole gin is R711. What peice does he pay fora horse? Solu: Suppose te man pays Re for s horae. Theme ree atthe ‘equation: 10% oF Sx-+16% of (5850 = 5x) = TLL 5x, 16 Be Besso~ sy - 11 4 oe 5 + GE (6850-5=711 oF, 254+ 8 (5850-54) = TH1 » 50= 35550 oF, 15k 46,800 - 35,550 = 11,280 x= Ra 780 ‘x. i A person hough some ranges atthe rae ofS portupee. e bought the same number oforsryesal eats of 4 per rpes He mixes 20 the types and sells at 9 for rupees 2. In his husinss To bears ons ‘of Rs3, Find oat how many oranges he bough inl ‘Solu: Detail Method: Suppose he bought x oranges of cach quulity, "Then his ota investment ‘oral setting price = Re 2822 = yh 9s de _ fie tora oss 2 then kayS=Ro3 2 x= 18003~ 540 ‘hersfore ew bought 2 540 = 1180 oranges in onal Quicker Method: fn the above question: tx orangesfupee and y orangesiupee ae ited in same numn- bers and soldat eranges/rapee shen Nomber oft pees ough = CES aye 204+ y)— 20g a UeDe Sa duns = 180 0 ESB sa— 20504” a5 — 4g ON nS Pur and Lose 358 ‘Tradesman’s diseount for easb payment 5x. 49: A tradesman mars his poods at 25% above his eost price and less ples sont of 228 fr cash Wh rit 36 does he nseke? Soln: Lette cos price = Rs 160 ‘Marked price = Rs 123 Dion. = BE oR 5: 5 sg «reed roe 25-38 Rot = 1008 2 asin percere= 1092 — 100 = 9204 ‘Theorem: if tradema marks his goods atx % abave hi evs price ‘nd allows potcbacers « disenaet ofy 8 fr aah, tho hers ia lx-y-2 fit or loss according to + ve or » ve si 9) pet nes oscting ‘ eect x=marked percantage shove CP ‘y=discount percent 2= profit percent ‘Then there enate a rlationshin: a0 Bx, 50; A vader allows a discount of for cash payment, Low much "% above cost prise must he mars his goad to make a profit of See Soln: Hf we se the relationship discussed above, we have Sk tom 3 Ws Tx 2 8 a 7 Big364 QUICKER MATA Prot and Loss 8 EX. St:.A man buys two horses for Re 1380, He selle one 39 a8 to ‘6% and the other 80 a8 10 yain 7.5%. Ou the whole he no gains nor losos, Wet dacs each horse coat? ‘Soin: Loe on one Horse gain on the other 6% of te cost of Brat hose 7.5 % of the east ofthe second. Cost of Bnet tose 75% Goa of second horse” 6% Dividing Rs 1350 ia the ratio of 54, Gout of first house = Rs 750 : °Cost of the second = Rs 600 ‘By the method of Alligation : (Seo Ex 35 in Chapter ALLIGATE Bx, 53: Sash marks his goods 25% above cost price butallows 12.546 jan for eash payment {The sells he ariel for Rs 875, Gnd (i) Soln: Marked price = Rs 875) (a3) = 100)(_18 conpcenners (8) ( GWO2x* 150 eae 2 = 2400| Tee 0 P= 1200 r+ 6e=90 Tha the sn ss 1300 2 m5 Quicker Marks: bast Note: Solve ithy method of ‘Aligatont eo Diller 100 24100 1ag9 16 Lt the capital be Ro 120, Hm Ties «Difference 197812 2x 1 en 2160 empty Paseo Sm Rate ‘henner P o 2-9 0822 oy orem otal +86 of 20.0% 050 sEavodss od . a «sil pin) 2236; waco400 QUICKER MATH: 21. Tota! Interest = 8.13% of 10000 =Rs 813 Remainder money = 10000 - (2000 + 4000 + 1400) = 2600 Then, 8% of 2000 + 7.5% of 4000 + 8.5% of 1400 +x% of 2600 = §13 or, 160 + 300 + 119 + 26x = 813 ] i i t i i a x= Zt _ on, S_ Sx8x6 Roe (00 ‘We can’t find the value of S. We also sce that the above relationship is not correct. Thus we conclude that the question is wrong. 23. Quicker Maths: Use the formula given in Q 19. sum = Difference in Interests x 108 Times > Difference in rates or, 500= 252100 |, 25 100 _ 9 955, txx *" 2xs00 24. Quicker Maths: Difference in Interests x 100 — 14 100 = =R Sum "ate x Difference in times" isx1.5 78° 40 25. Quicker Maths: —___Anterest x 100 tity # rata + r3t3 + 1220 x 100 1120 x 100 oo Rss 2008 4x246%448%3 36 RsCompound Interest Money is said to be lent at Compound Interest (CI) when at the end of a year or othet fixed period the interest that has become due is nat paid to the lender, but is added to,the sum lent, and the atnount thus” obtained becomes the-principal for the next period. The pracess is” repeated until the amount for the Jast period has been found. The difference between the original principal and the-final amount is s called Compound Interest (CT), important Formulae Let Principal = Rs P, Time =t yrs and Rate = 1% per annum Case I: When interest is compounded annually : it Amount? “ih . Case Ti: When interest is compounded half-yearly. ' zt eplis2| . -pfre Amount = P| 1+ Too : eles Case LI: When interest is compounded quarterly : it 4 _ Tr Amount =P 1+ 156 = Play Case EV: When rate of interest is 11%, 12% and 13% for lat year, 2nd year and 3rd year Tospectincly = t 3 then Amount =P 1a el coe 1+ The above-mentioned formulae are nét new for you. We think that all of you know their uses. When dealing with the above formulae, some mathematical calculations become lengthy and take more time. To simplify the calculations and save the valuable time we are giving some extra informations. Study the following sections carefully and apply them during your calculations.quicker mand ‘Te biome a gover ask ps pc Hd tha reves of interest are 10%, 59% aad 434, Be tepid of ‘Petmethe suis (Ge amount de fst, ascend ane tind ye i) feo) the prinsipal i Re i, wile (8) ‘And ifthe ce ot newest i 10, $94 respectively, (i. a).ap &)-8)-@ ef ‘ie Saves Seopa tblesan beacon folowing nara corp west as 730 orn here pcan ha ibe momibopusaseres Soin Asie aco ea Py pc satiny oe cree fin ae enedoxe ke yaw et Ea. Ret eames 2 8 rem air Soa ys 2300 wit oto 750 + gs, Miscellaneous Examples 19fad une ew se wi 8995 uno Ry 474 sen pound iment hem) 390625, [! a) = 436976 Soin : 100 5 + sagt ved sso pay (2 33) “300s (os) > (F a “the rouired time is yeas Ex. 2.A stm of money placed st compound interest doubles ist? in 4 315. Tn how any yours wal it emcunt to eight times isl? 2p (a 2 sas aebner (0 CCubing beth sides, we get (rs) Hence te required tne is 12 yrs Quicker Approneh becomes 2 in yes, 2x becomes invent dyzs,04 ‘4acbecomes fin yes another Ayre, ‘Tas, x Deoomes 8x ind +4 +4= 128, Bx. 3: Find he least amber ofcormplcte yea in which a sum of 20% Cl will be move hun éouble, rave, 2f 420s ‘sy Sela. We rove ip) 2: (le, the regret i 4 yz, Bx. 4¢ A sum of rioney acompourd inéorst aaxounts to thre intros amount isl ‘three yeas. In how many years will it be 9 times isl? ‘Now miply bot sides by 3 then = ( + the sum x will’ 9 tm in 6 year. (Quicker Méthod: Remember the fllawing concusion: ‘sun becdmes x tines in y years ot Chen iv Feaen C0 fin ‘Thais sum hecomps 3 ses in 3 yar it willbe (esi 2x3= 530s Sample Questions: 1-1easum deposed at compen wet bouamesdoahe in years wilitbed ues af ein stme te of nee? = Sola: Using the aboveconclusion, we say that dhe si will be (2)* times! in? x4=3 yea 2. Ta the above uation, when wl the san be 16 tines? Sold: @)¢= 16 tins in 4 x4= 16 yeas. [Compound interest “406 To find rate x. 5: Al what raie percent comporsd interest does 2 sum of money, ‘beeore nine fold in 2 years? Sola: Retail methods st the sum be Rs x and the rate of cormpound {nfrost be 1% per anaura;rhen 2 } r eee 700" rt fe T= 200% birt Yorn Ih ee or of cod tet ct Ye ‘changed to the faFiowtg forma: Serer Sache ane in? ye, yale of Capundismeereqal 9fter"—1) Fein case,r= 10 9)" —1]= 1060-1) snésAitae econ oman ea ot oy Soe pve teen san: Dean rae fetta.” : Afi 100 a 1 10 ~ 100% prea defers Society G32 mat wana ° : st: wetnetga( ana on{tectey = S820. 451 ‘| +Taa) = anata © 460 on te eB reste Toa * 20 Given CT, t0 find SI and vice versa Fre Se ne a be Re OL, wat woth 2 gt fis (103) 9 bance tee (t0 =a = (IB) 1 = ne pe2X 3 pe Se Som tmipee = Re gq ~ BY Gog405 QUICKER Maris SL _ 6, son _ 200 1 ion* “oop” * Zor 200 200 = St = Say of CL = BES 1o1s-=Rs 100 "Note: If you don't want to go throng th dtl oF che above method, ements the following dee emul ane get Ur vionse ae ‘Simple Interet = = + Comand emt wl) - ay Cand, tndsrind ne Ex Ste conpou ine ana tensa ¢2 ys 4040 one simple interest 8 Rs 40.00, Find the rate of interest per annie an the sur, Sola: Alle refetion wil shaw tat the dence between the sips ‘nd compound isteretts for 2 yes is he interest onthe Ti yes interest Fis 40 years st=Rs“2= Re20 CI-S1~Rs40.8-RS30=Re 080 Interest om R520 far 1 yont™ Re 0:80 2 0s 100 fort ye= Rs BO 100 ps Inteson Re 100 for y= Re MND sg ratenais Now, principal? is given ty 100% 0 _ t axa 500 Quicker Method (Direct Forma) [For2 ys only]: ay = 22 Dllsesein Stands, pe lWout 2x08 "Ths, in this case, aie = 2~PS poy = 435 40.100 An Sum = 9 ion of sume ‘Divide Ks 3903 betweeu A and B, so that As shaze the ent OF yo aay equal B's share at che end of yes, compound interest. being at, = Rs 509 Dh Ex Joompound interest «or Ste: seman [te : = osama Usshareatpreseal _f, 4 (26) _ 7 ginies -(-af-@)-2 solaarates (2 [B's present shate Rs 3903 - Rs 2028 = Rs 1875 ‘Whes Difference Between S1and C1 is given Theorem : Wher diference betwoan the eumpod tterest aud simple daterex oa certain su of ome for 2 yours Perec Rox then the suis gen By. ; sum =Difernee x 100. 100 _ x(190)2 9) “ Rate Rate ee Arc when sums given and difference between Stan Cis asked, ‘enBx. A; Tho cilfovence bérween the compound interest and ti hi inorest on a certain sum of money a8 5% por namuna for 2 ig RS 1.50, Find tho au, Soln Using ie sbove fear : Sam 2(B cissatonnse x 12: Find te iéice between te componnd ltt and simple iret rtbe sm Rs 3003 10% per anes iftrence = Sum {) (10 Se soro = a Be 18: The difrece baad he simp and he compo nee ‘oa a certain sum of money for 2st 4% per enum is Re 1. Fs £ thesum. yy? ssn tn HP (8) as Theorem «IF ihe difference haween Ct and Si on a certate sem for ern 8 Ra te ab EE ai ‘is given and the difference is asked, then ‘ ifn 32 000» ee cop Ponts Let te sun beRaS: Sx3e Those 0p Ta Compeune interest 408 F G04 x 44 : Ifthe difference between Cl and SI on a certain sum of money for Syn at 5% pa, i Rs 122, find the sum. Sotn: By the above theorem : 122 100 ¥ 100 x 100 _ Som = 22 = Ra 16000 . 00.45) ‘Ex 15 Find the difcrenceberween Cl and St ot Rs $000 3 yx a 25% pa. Sum x 700049 Sein Ditfrense= : ~ ay 000 3.25% 25 (0042.5 +00 > 100% 100 BH 28125 25 0 « 106 100 = Rs 15.125a0 QUICKER MATHS Ex 16: Fid the differen beoveen Clad Sl on Rs 2000 fot 3 yr al 3% In + Dieence = 20005.» 50505) | Sotn 0 100 x 100: 199 RS 15.25 7x17: The simple interest ona sn 4% per arma for yrs Rs $0, Pin th compousd interest on the samc umn fort sume Peto, Solm Recall tae formute used in Ex 6. Rate 22PHTNCLES gg Rawe xs 07 Diffie Crand St! is Cand st 2x 106 + Difference in Clan si = 4* 60 Be igo" 2 C1~89+ 1688} 6 Other approach si you don't remember tho fora, thes understand fe following comslsion : "Compound interest differs tang Simple iatret for 2 yes only because under compound interes ‘Sins interost over ist year's sil ieee sal nude Simple inteseat for2 yrs = Re a = Simple intcest for yr Re 80+ 2 = Re 40 “CE 2or 2yrs ~ SI for 2 ys + SI aver SI of Bist year = PE pc rocnasie you have understood ths above corslsio, sau nay wert the lies colton as + Bt ay, s a Tae 78? 6B ats 2 18; The compound interest on a comin stn of money for 2 yeas at 10% pes annum is Re 420. Find the simple intron athe cae tate and for the sume time. ‘Soln : By the formula given in Bx 8. we have pound inkzost a Dex CL 190 200" 200 20 cy e+ 200) Now itis easy 1 use this form ofthe above formal. Therefare, teent cence nas en pias how: ested mo py en inet Ex 20: Lf the siraple interest on a certain sum of money Zor 3 yrs at 5% sees cee Fi set = 28 ne 1s762“2 QUICKER wa] Ex: The Clon coals sR 108 fo 2 yes lis ‘Whatis that persent? Soin: Difence = Clad St 104-100 = Re ‘Toretaebyusig the for (sod 5 E14) Bx Du to 2d 100 Rae too 8% x 2:An amovm: ofmaney grows api Rs 4840 is 2s nd opt "Re 5324 in 3 yon compound tere Pind hae per’ Sola: Wenave, P+ Clots wae Ru ssa) PA Ctof2 ye Raab) Subtacting 2) fam (0, get Choral year= 524 is40 = Rea Ths, The Ci caused in ati jer which is Re 48 basicaly he oun of inereto he amu generate years hit eR 480, HEA 100 gy, ast uicker Method (treet Formals Rate= Tinthis case, n=2, rte = Ditferencs of moont after 2 yr and'3 yrs. 100 “Amount after 2325) (6324 — 4840) gy _ 484 « 100 4590 OU Gag 10% F "Note The above generalised formula canbe used fo any potive ‘fn. See in the following example, 2x 23: A certain amount of morey at compound interest grows upto ‘5116S in 15 yrs and upto Rs $1701 in 16 ym. Find the rte cent per anni, - Solin: Using the above formu ates ($4704 ~ 51168) x 100 _ 533 x 100 ties ses 100 28, 96” 34 Bx 24 : Find the compound interest on Re 18,250 in 2 yr, the rae of Interest beiag 4% forthe frst yeas and 8% Zot the second year} Direct formula = 3 4 108) sea) =o (i) 108) 108 730 (224 {te 6727) ‘ 718750 28)/22)= Ra 21060 78750 (og | 8 C= 21060. 18,750=RE 2310. ‘After ud year the amount: x26: RsA800 becomes Re 6000 in 4yeassetacenainrate cof compouns ‘rest, What wif be the sam afi 12 years? Detail method : We have: ma santos) 10 yey aes . Nowe [5 (tra) “aes 4500 ecto) om ‘The shove equatién shoves that Re 4800 becomes Rs 9375 afte i2yean, af 66600)" 6000) _ 2 gsr ined sino ® Se cae" 00 [Note Thus, we can say thal: "Ifasum'A' becomes Bint yeast compouadrite of inezest, ‘po after te yeas the sum becomes is wrt Ex, 26: Find the compound interest on Rs 10000 for 3 years ifthe eato ‘of intrest is 4% forthe fiat year, 5% forthe aesond year aad 6% for ve third yea.ata QUICKER MAE Compound rtsrost 418 Comte eRe nym arsine rgeegena Car mei tdi ee ah at) emer) on Intiecie Se nes Dtrect formula : By the aule of frsction: = (ie Rs 2000, Bx. ‘an borrows Rs 3000 at 10% compound tate of interest. At ‘the end of cach year he pays buck Rs 1000, How mach amount shoulé he pay af the end of the Waid year to clea all his dues? ‘Soln : The gers formule forthe above question may be iden as: fa man boxrows Rs ? al 1% compound intereat and pays back Rs ‘Act thc en of each yeay, renal the end af the tt year he should syn) ror aie rig snaisioit i Note: Ton geal Ls . alors) Ine above cat: : seo frta —oml( +8) +t : = 2000 (1, L,Y rego (2) ied) al = 19993 = {1000 » + 1900 <2] Jn the above easest) ty 15 = 1 year 25-215 What sum of money at coupon itr! will oan to pAb in 3 years, i the rate of interests 3% forte set san tea ve tte me “gered ey ee Principal ate beginning ofthe bd yar (egos where A= Amount, ? 02 (+ 22) an 30-5020 cl de mat he wes iso dere Principal st the Begincing of the thid yeat Ins tovecae =23m/1s 3) os ne t0 4 rear 8) a) 210 cd of hid yar shoul pr on 2249520 asf cant netsao{t4 12) =e ne ine i 103 «1042 195 7 #2000 ‘Bx, 29: Geeta deposits Rs 24,000 ina pavate company athe vie of 16% ‘ompounde yearly; whereas Meera deposits an equal sum in PELate QUICKER Mat mpauraiterest ar “Housing Finance Ltt ai che rte of 15% compounded halt (Cl shen interes is compounded baleyenehy E'both doposit their money for 114 years nly, eaeutate deposteaos bara, ard fy Sun ju are set nde sae vas, he gu eo 1 owt oft only BP mae Amount arya nbd he caw be rol oe = Plfit] -[12) |=492 ao (6) sa (3p on i 2 Sevan ty Han -a2}fan?saal]=a2 ann (+35) amo) P2123} {1.214 12,7 = 482 ae et Semon eens 3p py 20o00 (tag) eff) . On Taising Both sides to the power 2, /EXERCISES ). id the amount of Rs 641K in t year 6 months at § pe, compound interes, interest being colgolated Bally eary, 2. Find the comsound interest or Rs 10000 in 9 momths at pc, interest paysble quarter. 3. Find tho difference bervcea the siznple and the compound interests ‘on Rs 1250 far 2 yeary at pe, pet sxmur, ‘ AS) oft 25) (ag (: zg 165 (28), (25) orion (B58) 15.15 "2001100 ‘vest eR ie net peat Foow much more sould Mhae gxned had given it at compound ine sere? . . 5.A merchant commencea with vertin capital and gains annually wt ‘etn of 25 pe At the end of3 yen he has Re 10,000, Waat ws hs ovina capital? 6. what sng wil Rs. 1200 mount to Rs 1523 al 5 pee. compound icteest? : 7-tuwbst time will Rs 2000 srwsnt to Ra: 2431.0125 at pc, por stmt compound intrest? 8. Yn what sie wil Rs $250 emoant to 6632.58 at pe. compound inkerest payable halved? 9. At whet ate per cen compound tnteret will Re 400 amount Yo Re ‘441 in2 years? 10 atte eit compo ine WA Ras trout Rs 676 in? yeaa? " Note: you ite ake tn the aby wich Gescane sie ex wie cle . 16 48) z= 8) mt ef 8) er annem for 2 years, Tt wonld fetch Re 482 more if interast ‘compouined ialfayesiy. Find the sum. Sola : Suppose the surh is Rs. Cinemaniaae QUICKER MATH Compound intereat a9 £1. por oont compu interes\dnes a suinaf mone 3 percentcompe ve money decor 138375 = Rs 138.38 2 anes ist in? yews? » 12. Atehastepes ventenrnpound interest doesa st oLanomey become ‘hseeores wil gets USK more Towed ind year? ano =xfi+ 28) 20000 4404 pgsiay 13. Ifthe deere bewwecn the simple neces and the compound imerest | 10000 =x “on SaaS ‘om conn sia ofstcy fe years pecan po ve 122, a the sn 1M, The sip nest ma crtsia san of ey fr yeast 4p ‘eter ams exces te cama tees a tee on ee : Yen at Spe cent per anny 8587 Pind eso 23 _ (2) 415. sum oF monty 1 eonmon ites ss nw yore wai ~ [20 To Rs 2805, an tre yar 0 Ra 2977 34 Find te too vet ae theergina ‘ 2 1 suns invested compound inset payable annul. “Tae wor (30) Ge) - a2 yeas inet in two snore yes was Ro 325 sad Ree Che seamen sate of interes und the principal, 7, Same as Q: : ay ANSWERS 8, 6632.55 6250 ( “hal 5 " as) estnss _ (si 2 Anwnt or (ti) ox soar = (Si) = aon (AL) _ 6400 wa xt siis255 _ FSH 4, 132651 * 0 at) = RES asoi521 oxy = ($0) °° Tar } = (50) = roo, thesime et = 3 Ber mows {125 Heccothe sine is $= 3 . te: AS tienes was compounded hal-yeary; we viangat ro = 1g {= 532801] pe so3 01 wwessts reneietaetaree sone "10d 100 « 100) and U0 2 + Quicker Maths tse the forma (Di for? 38) 4 Frog te table we Find the wer diet a8 5 7 2 10. From the table we Gnd the answer divectly ax 4%. Difieteneo= Sum [=| = 989 {4.) 1250 p> * 108, lu) “es ne [ ic) a a 4 Quicker Maths: Use he rma {Dilfer} 150% sn 00-41) Difference = Sus T (300+ tea ‘aD0}! 1 SameasQ. 020 QUICKER Mat : ‘aby PAR C00? 0-1 10 0 iy sa 2 00-63) pore Lette ambos ned 5 Tien, afd -} 4“ dio of ona | 4-22 cals a ” 2290 = 1261 57800 es 240 oex[ SIO gy, 3 4 Note: As the time is diffefont for simple and compoiind interes, we An's find the quicker method (direct formula). 13, Difference in amis = 2977.54 - 2509 = Rs 168.54 Now, we se that Rs 168,54 isthe imerest on Re 2909 in one yor (it ‘is ether simple orcorapound neces boeause oth ere the seme fr 8 yen). 68.54 x 108 eae, rat fittest = "SESE 100 ‘Now, for the original sam, = 6) apeslteieF sy 2809 » Sip 50. on 2609-3 (55) 2. x = 2B Shp 16, Method ie the sate as in Q. 15, ifference in interest = 226 28 -225=Re 11.25 ‘This difference isthe simple interest over Rs 225 Tor one year, Hence te of ieroet 11.25 100 ps 7% ‘Now, sive my particular numberof years isnot mentioned we oan't find “te ain - 6% 2500 Alligation Alligation is the role that enables us {to fe the mean or avecagevaluecf minture when the prices of wo ‘or more iugredients wich may bo mixed together and the proportion ‘in whit they are mixed are given (hiss AMigation Medial) and i} tind the proportion in which tne ingrediors given prices must ‘be mixed to prooce a mixture eta given price. This is Alligation Alteruate. : Note: (1) The wond AUigeion iterally meaus firing, The rae takes its "ame from the inesor inks used in working au question on manus (@) Aligation method is applied for pereentage Value, ratio, rate, Drioes, speed eto and zot for absolucs values. Tati whomever per ‘ent, per hour, pec kg, per kim ets are being compared, we can we “Allgation. Rule of AUigation; IF te gradients ae mixed i a tatio, then ‘Quintty of cheeper _ CP of dearer ~ Meon price ‘Quantity of dearer” Mean prive — CP of cleaner ‘We represent it as under CPofunit quantity of cheaper (¢) CP of usitquantity of dearer () Meus price n). 2m) ‘Thon, (cheaper quarty): (dearer quantity) ~ (d= m) Solved Problems si: In what proportion nest rce at Rs 3.10 por kg be mixed with ie a1 83 3.60 per kg, so thatthe mistae be Worth Rs 3.25 ak? Solu: CLP. of 1 kg: cheaper tise CP. of Lk. dearer ice (310 pais) (360 paise) a _— Mean pee (325 paisa) wo , By the alization rule ; (Quantity of chesrer eve) 38 (Quantityof dearer ree) ~ 15 (ne)aa QUICKER wa ‘Troy rust be rive in the tio 7:3. x.2: Flow many hy. of salt 2-42 pot ky. mmsto mex mix with 25. ‘of sl ot 247 pork, go that here, on seling the mitre at P perl, gain 25% on theautiny ? Se Cos iceatiine = 40 2 po 22Ppanng (By om ao aN OF raga =a:8 Me rev Shs oF a2, hy tats Po Sewwaiesm.atigens Hoan An Milk and Water Bas A mistre ts pramity oP with 16 kites of water 1s wth 90 P por ire IF puro eile be worth Ra 1D8 per Drow niuch mk is tier in the mixture? Sol, ‘The mucin value s 90 P and the price of waters OP. cope mS 9 a ao Se Again ein ata ofS 1 ‘eeoyofnikintemdoe ot 15-20 te Ae Besta en waterbed wp ‘by selling tt at cost price? ° so ut CF ebpite e pee DerSPof Hineofitre=Rei.Gxnm 625 fa )-m6) CP of ine of mist ian 48 CP. 08 Hive C.P.of Lie water ‘ure spt we Pan mal a [b s } 1 7 Quantiny of water) _ Guantas of spi) ‘of Ratio of water and spict= | 6 h.5: A bullersiofe wine fom butt of sherry which cuntsined 40h af sphit- He repced what he had stolen by wine containing obly 16% spin. The butt was then of 24% stemgth only. How much ‘of te but il he stent? Ian: Wine conning ens Wine Comaiaing - 2496 Spin . LL, Wine Containing. 16% Sarit wine with 4076 spint SL wine walt 16% spt” Te 7 2 i 1]. ses ymesrc niet nee (2) the heen tate i i By alligation ule was ad areata ta ‘Tree Sagredients — Nomber of proportions unlimited x6 In what proportion may thee kites of wheat eRe 1.27, Ra 1.29 and Rs 132 per kg be mized fo produce miarure worth Re 1.30 iL perke? ot: “Latwheat 2nd whest 3rd wheat Mean Price 127 top 13 130 P "ere the lest prices are less a th se mean pce ind price is greser thana8 QUICKER Wat ‘Wo frst find the proportion iu which wheat ar 127 P and 1321 ust be mised fe peoduee g mixture at L307. @ ‘stsheat Se aa ‘The proportion is 2: 3 ‘We next td the proportion in which wheat at 129 Pend 132 a be suised to prodice& misturs at 120 2 wheat aroha we eo, heppuion ied: 1 Now illo peopusontiee so mintnes arent price of thorestline many ayes 30? per onets bg nae cost 190 Pg. Now 30 ea strep ed Egorwhes al 127 Ped Skat het 2 F and up ofoond tres eamposed af kgf wheats 129 Pan he oe a (SE shane 53 ot ga ierestne mites compesedor? gat 127 Y2kga’ 29 Pane (t Jorehgat 7. hace eel pepoean sander bia Take aotier eae: Ufc 3) 4 ep tei wisa we must ws 6g ofthe Ahn whet Ags Ewe we) ine aad heat, eat use S kgf id wh. he thus rather propo ae fhe 5 1Ohg ser 311 ke wed ‘The sien con ei eta, sg init ay ter fp othe i on whet a lngas we une te mcesaly covering cumber of by oFthe Sales he number of progéaions dandy eS Not Th aoe else ake, Fortis flow te fallow re wheat Le ligation 25 Rae: Reduce the xoveril prices to one denomination ike, Rs £24, Rs 131, Rs 120 can ba writes as 124, 131 end 120} and place the under one auotiet in otder of magniiade, the least being oper oa Set down the mean prize t the le of th peices. Link the prices pairs that he prices prestorand|exset than theavetage ‘rive go together. Then find Use difference between each price nd the mean price and place it opposite to the price with which itis inked. Those dtferences wil givo he requied snawer For example, the above example cxa be solved as spd (12-130) 20° my a 132-130) tat tastes 30 -127)+ (120-129), the required proportion gs Pear 721-2 Bx. 7s In hat ratio mass poxsoa enix three kinds af wheat costing bio Re 120, Re 1.46 ant Rs | 74 por kg, so thatthe mixture may be wort R& LAL pou ke? scwhent 2nd wheat ed wheat ne a4 m4 following the above rule, we have, paves 34 3s lad Lan + (174 141y) Sol Mai] ated 21 Gens 129) Lalor at -120) ‘Theroforo, the required vatio~ 36° 2U 21 12:7:7 [Note + fry to was the othcr ratios which sais the condisions Four ingredients iow musta grocer ait 4 types of ce worth 54D, 72 P,Rs b20 fad Rs 14d per it wo a5 to obtain 2 mistuze at 96° P pee ka? Firat solution : Se ae inne wl ou [- 120-55) toot 96-24) Liga eons tonized peopovtinn is 48 242246; 42> 8 140427Sd OUICKER MATH Second solation : 26 [120-96) Mixture from two vestels Eb: Mmt nt india a ye ise popnn 8:2 tuliayenalb miheponrions3 weispopen cur ctutiorn ts fn ei canbe ees ‘fetcrmftea one wiles a pepe Son: l= Sore ee ee . Invesal B elk= +S altho weight of mixture, Now wo want to. fxm a mh wih wt eof he wt mixture, By alligation ralo: © neque propeation is Stetina suchas sonvaegunn rere “into cotangent oulsie ees ee oe Munaiameconynnes ligation 30% 12% 8 %— 12% Ths rns at et of hay ase io ote dot rt hat «Dati twa tn txt A golds as two quo of old —on 1 cats and itr of lo crs py. im what proportion soul he mic Sot tonmteomanencr Seat pry? sot: H 1 he 16 ee a 3 “he shoud both he qa in ei a-121 300 pnef soar lation hat AN over How ech gar ‘oul beaded ke 30% mie soli? Son: The existing solution hes A eugar, And sugar isto be mixed 0 the oder solution has 100% supa. So by elligation mathod M1008 S00 soy, ‘The two mbemses shoud be added in the ratio 5: 1. aig ged ae 22 eo Direct formula = (Quantity of sugar added Solution (required®% value — present % value) (100 —requiredié value} Inthis ease, 300 60-40) _, a = 8. Ex 13: There ere 65 students inaclass,39 rupee are distributed dong ‘thom ao that cach boy gots. 80 Pand auch pel gets 30 P. Find the ‘number of boys aad girl in that class23 QUICKER MATH Aigaton 20 Sotn: Hove aligaion fs applicable fr : lor "money par boy o« gi." vss Mem value of money pe stedant =22% = 6g p Aistesstaveted hy train = 82 = 19.8 oat Boys what ratio should alk and water be mixed s0 thet fer tinge mise a bec pens 12 ie : oe, Boys: Gine=3.2 Short-cut Method : In such questions the zat is 3 Number ofboys = $54 5 39 Water mile 162: 199 = 1:6 a i -17: La what ratio should ator and wine be inixed so tater snd number ef ges = 65 39 = 96 7: fawhatraio shoal are and wine be : rs. se selling the mix tke cos price profit of 20% isa? Bed: persoe has a chemical of Rs 25 por ie. In wha ato shook | Solm: Watt: Wine= 20: 100-13 alr bento niu chem ater ghre ‘ nical so that after selling te mixturgy | K.18s A tuadet has 50 kg of pases, part of which he sells at 8% pro‘it Te ean ame or 2sst hd te stat Ike po He ans HES on he whol. What 8 we should. alligation method is applicable on prices, so the quantity sold at 18% profit” ld yerticavonge ecco | saa: Deu Met SP of mixture rece } wre = RS 200 ite, prot i {et he quaity soldat 18% profibe x kg. Then the quanbiy sold i | Sol rage i201 Re ie Sisepm eben Appin eatnetaa ae Fora otro comeseneappsc ais pe of pus . upce pork, Comsat Water Then price of + ky pulve= Rex nut psice of (80x) kp plac 35 aa Gow a | Set neni TRY of BH of (50-3) E46 oF 50 Sea rate util ccond pati ov the journey, te Wavelsby tain tthe speed of 3 ye itpar ‘sotm es Bow stigeson esate tavel by i? 8% profil. 18% profit Speed ol Bus Speedof train. ™ pest a yo See a ae %G 496 ae * Ns 20-253 oo & 3 é ‘Therefone the quantity sed at | 886 pofit= 6% oak. “inet dsgeiotmn 42 Say y Noe Bren cape eaten lait420 oUIGKER mat Alligator 4a are given so that you can compare them and understand Son: ‘nnpottance of aligstion method in Quicker Maths x19: A truer hss Sb kg of rico, a past of which he sells at 10% ad the ree at 596 loss, Te gains 7 % on the whole. What i quanhity sold. 10% gain and 5% loss? Soln ‘pact IL pat 1 oN o: ao 3 * Ratis of quantities soldat 10% profit and 5% oss~ 12 Expenditure Saving eminent pnt 3 2 Cgiven) We get two values of x, 7 and 13. Butto get viable answer, ‘we must keepin in that the central value (10) mast ie betwean x né 12, Thus the value a's should be 7 and not 13, require % increase = 7% vessel oF 80 litre fs filled with milk and water. 70% oF mile and 30% of water is taken out of the vessel. Its foul sat the ‘vessel is vacated by 589, Find the initial Guantity of en and water Soin: Here the % values of milk and water thats taken trom the vessel should be taken isto consideration, Ne = aN 15% th o c ae) Oke ‘Therofre. the quantity soldat 10% profit quantity fold a! 5% loss 30- 40= 10k. ‘Note: Whenever thore is lo, tke the negative valu. Hero, Derwcen 7 and (<5) = 7-5) = 74512, Never take the differ that counts negative val. Bx20: A trader has 5D ky of rice, apart of which e sells at 14% prof andthe ses at 6% loss, On the whole his loss is 4% . What ia ‘quantity old at 14% profit and that a 6% fogs? Fx Soin. post Mart it 36 ee a aie " 25:3 sation ltt Prandin: 18 sant ot ak= 2 5 0 ee + any wits et 2 = shod al 6 sada of wae 57 32 EA.232A conlsinar contained $0 kof milk, Frm this comainer’3 ky of ilk was) taken out and replaced by water: This process was farther repeated two times How rach miko now contained by the container Sola. Amount of Liquid left ater operations, when the container originally conians x units of Haid frora which y units is taken ‘oul euah time i oss» $0.5 = 45 by, ‘Note: Numbers in tie Chir line shoule always be-+ ve, That is why (3 isnot taken under consideration. Ex.21: Mira'sexpenditsre and savings ate inthe eatio3:2. Herne ‘ncreasey by 10% , Her expenditure also increases by 12%. B ‘iow zany % does her seving nerease?“ae tion a3 =») 26 A mistute of 40 Tues of mitk and water ontains 10% water. aT] anita, How much water must be added to make 20% ster inthe mew ‘Thus, inthe above case, emda of milk eA mixta? Soin: This question ithe ame as Ex 12. ‘Tho sisting mitre has 30% water, Water iso be aided, so the other solution has 100% water So by allgation method ron too al aor. 1% The ws nes be o's he ab ‘e tervey tec st mbt scr hu eae Theta fob iae Ps secar ea a : 20-8 8 Soe ke wansze ‘Bnd: Nine Iittes are drmwn froma cask fl of water and itis hen Tiled edb mil Nive ites of mixta are drawn andthe cask gain filled with milk. ‘The quantity of water tow left n the eask ta hat ofthe milk tas 16: 9. Hw acuch does the cask hold ere be x ites in he eask Tram thoabove formals we hve, aera operations: Son Wer We vessel afer epemtions Whole quanity of mk a ves ‘Thus in cis ease, (* OP (10). 36 *)” 609} * 25 A= 45 ites PRS: Rs. 1500 is mvesied in two such pars that if one parte invest at 6 %, and the other ay 58% , he tote interest in one year fromm oh investments is Rs 85, ow’ much is invested at 342 ‘Soi: tf the whole money i invested al 6% the ann income ts 636 fs, 1,500 Rs $9, Ifthe whole money isinvested st 586, the anmual income is 5% PRS 1,504) hs 38 ‘but ceal income = Re 85, Reieguintyir= EO iy, 1) Both ofthe shove methods are fast-working. But usually, 1 scemsto bedhficueto cell the formals im the examination hall Bo we suguest you to solve tis iype of questions hy the Rule of ligation, (2) In Bx 12, sugar was add in polation of suges, butin the above example water is atid ina mixtine of walk ant water. In both the cases thismthod werks. Theonly thing ow should keep | ix ind that 96 wale shouldbe pr forthe same carpe ont in both the saixtures. For exumple see the folowing case Arlyn the atgstion ule, we ave “A mixture of 4 lines cfthand water contains 90% rate, How ‘uch water must be added to makes 20% watce ia the new ie 5% suixture?” Rod Ra 75 In the abovs example, porvsatage value of milk (9054 is given a ; in the first rsintore and percentage value of water (20%) is piven Res jn he ening muir a ae ]. Southeahove example can be syed ky bo the ways Re 10° Rss (1) By finding the % value ef water in first mixture, | or, by finding te % value af malta seen natts 2 1 | For eae): Water nthe mature = 190-9 10 fey invested t 5%} . [Now theres ise seas gven i Soln (26) Money invested at 5%= 5 «Rs 1,500= 2s $09 i For ease (2) : Percentage value of milk fi the resuliing maxture = 100 Note: Solve with te help of average ate offset, 20'= 80%. Now we can apply the alligzation nue,QUICKER Mat Tin second nine is water which has (4 my an Letmigture 2nd muntuce (water) oN 300 _ oe — Ratio which he tw mines sould be added W: Thus wp ct die saree rau by ihe method ane, E027 nao, hrs at ais and pigcos. I ade arcoumed, thea 20 ane i lt ve coud, hes ar $80" Toe aay Pio areiee? is quctfon canbe solved in many ways. ty suppose the gpanthiesiobenauly hex yougettwocqulioneantbyaaig them you get theres ss Wie gio yous dct format ibe the qustons wea leaped ad lege ceattes ae cane einen ‘Het Jeg = 2 Totathends z Sat No, of tensed creatures No.of 2-fegged creatur ae. amber of pistons (2 legged) = 4 200 — 580 Br Alligation Role: Rule wf ligation is appisblcen member of toys er head, Average numberof legs per head = 380 _ 29 200 Rabo ae ae i x ir] nat Panne bani ten 2 Pigeons a 0 u io vt 1a tigation “38 R29: A jar contains a minute of wo liquide A and B ip tic ratio, 4.51, When (0 lites of the mature is taken out and 1D lites of Figuic Bis poured into the ar the taia becomes 2: 3. ow snany litres oF tguid& was contain the jar? # Soln s This question st have been discussed under the chapter "Ratio and Proportion”. But as itis easy to solve H By the ‘method of albgetion, itis buing discussed here, First we see he method of aligation Method I: orginal ext, % of liquid B 5100 = 20% ar In the resultant minture, % of Hquid R=. a 100 60%, colacentom is mele by the ill wa he 01 B i sev tte 0% “Thea by the methed af ligation: 20% 00% _— 40% se Ratio in which firs aud second mixtures should be added is 1:1 ‘What des timp? simpy anil a the rede quantity ofthe frat migture and the quanti of mieture B which i610 be add are the same ‘Total minture = 104 10=20 tives 20 snd suid a 28 4 ttn, Method 11: ‘Vhe above method is explained Gireugh perseniage Now, methou Twill he explain thnougt frac on 1 ation oF 8 cxigial nixtre= 4 ‘raction of B ia second mistrefiquié 8) =) Fraction of in vesuling winare = S,436 ‘QUICKER MAT ‘Tins, sy ee that the original mgrure and guid B are mi lthe sare ratio. hati, £10 Titres of quid B is added then after tak ‘out 10 tts of mixture from the ja, thereahould have been 19 Eis mixta fe So, the yuamsity of ata i hej ov to=a0 sod tio Ain ern a 6s Metied This method is cferent frame the Method of ligation, Lette _quanily of mixture in he jar be Sx ee, Then ae “e ‘Thea queatity of & inthe mixture ~ 4s =4 x4 = 16 litte ‘Ap orginal mixture = 4x Hagen yest = Retin qty ta tenn) [igi Bi vigil mint Liga B akc out with 10 litres of mixture = 10 8) lines Liga Barked = 10 tires 2 Tal amy of guid ; +10 ‘And ike rio ofthe neo sould be 2 ( Bx29:729 lives of : mixture ounkais milland Water im tha ratio 7: 2, How mic water mill and ster in the ratio 7:37 be ued to get a ew mixture containing Alien 487 Son + Similar questions were discussed in exoraplss 12 and 26. ‘Proviovsly, th percentage of comporents of misture were gives, bout in tis example commponetts aro given in ratio. Some methods ‘solve this question are being discussed below, ‘Method ‘Change the rato in percentage and se the formula given in roar ‘4 of water inthe original mature 299-2. Fenny * 3 a0. S00 ~ 30% swale in she ruling mixture 200) ‘7320-28 Lod 30 9x70 9x0 -s Quanity of water (o be added — ites. Method {1 frie w ite easier than the sbove method. You don’t nees to find the percentaze value af water. You can use the fractional value of ‘water i the mixture, Use the formala giver below ~ Required quanity of wate tobe added Solution (Required fractionalwstne— Present Geotious value - = (Requited factional value}48 ‘QUICKER MATH ‘Method M1: "Te Solve this question hy the meth of ligation, we an uso sither of the nse, percentage or fiacional vali 20, Moog 100% sn ee 4 ry: ‘oecefoe the ston hich he mix sn water a oleae 1 foi on gnsiyoratr bead =7 191 ae ve this guetion yh td Yuacanasehe ator) ale she yi Theorem: Ie gloses fei iccarepled tha maereofsprtand vetar. Th tio of pit and wale each gla are oe fle VB atta ae Lhe cents fl hor alts ae ong! inane ese er pico spc and ater nt ge by an hn he) lair" aeres Vlasm aim teem 1x M0 odes yea cc 1 ibe apa, nite oil ad weiter ed. Ihe ave ean war are 2 sad 3: Bin te tee rvptve vase Pal Ure hee veel te rl ge vel ini tn ad Sota By the show ic routed ais 2 st a ey 22,3) (2 2) Mass ot6 20s tse00 tals} tata ts Res | aS4e5 "oaxans 121 59 ‘This question ean also be selyed without usinghis*heotem. For ‘convenience in eaculation, you will neve fe supponethecapecity ‘of the vestols tbe the LCM af @ + 1), 3+ Iyand (+2), ‘om tees Algxion 19 Because hardly matters whether the capacity ofeach veseel is 10 Lines or 60 lives or {090 lies, The aly thing i fat they Should have equal quamsly of mitre. Wa 12th nnd et pes nso kgf fyi hate ope, “ML i rn fine oper the ano? aol) s(t) 223-89 Glad i ‘Quantity of copper in ke metal 15.32; A man mixes §bitoiees ef alk at Re 600 per klobise with 6 Ilolites at Rs $49 per kioliae, How many kilelites of wator should be added to makctheavera value the mixiurs Rs per silole? Soln = This question shoud be solved by the melted of ligation. ox oi who to pie egg SE OM 4, ss = Re pert, ext wae “hei Sofware om) sev a(t) wis ° Tg — wo Ratio of mil and water = 480: Which implies that IL Klehtres of mi should be mixed with 2 Icfotmies of watr. Thus 2 kleltes ef water shold be added400 QUICKER MATHS x 33 : If goods be purchased for Ro 430 ad enti be sold a loot ‘of Is, what percent of prot skould be taken onthe remainder | 50 25 0 gain 20% en the whole transaction ? is Par 2nd Pant mee ee 2 3 Sol arts? We see thar 20 30, 452 is ween in place of 3, Bere should he 15 in place of 1, Therefore, x= 20+ [3 = 5% 1 fone rs a th mi bt loss 020%, 2 whit gain per eat should theremin be sold 0280 gain 20% on te wae? Som: (ecPar 2 Par 20 1 aye bee 4 a eet} We ace that, 20 -{-20) = 40 is replaced by 3, s0 there should be a 4 M1 al Min pace of 1. Then x=20 +80 = 10 yah, [Note #To find tie valve of, you may bse 2-20) 3. xT 0x20 winx 33 on, Be -40- 30; {Ex 35: A man buys two horses for Rs 1350 and sells. ome us to Lose (36 and the other so as to gain 7.5% and on the whole he near ais aor loses. What 6acs cach horse cost 7 Allcetion ae Soin: thor 2ad horse eT ae oS, “Thats, ove see thatthe ratio ofthe costs OF the (vo hase § ast of Ist horse ~ Ea $= Rs 750 sea 1350 yops Be caenscoo x36: A ners borrowed Rs 2510 from two money lenders. For one Toan he ped (284.2. and fic Iolter L4% pa, The total interest pid for ome year was RS 326. How much dx he borrow a each Sota This example i similar co example 25, But we wil solve it differny, Previously, the amount was use, but in this we will se the rat oF interest ‘The merchant paid Ra 226 os intrest for his tote] borrowed | sang and cost af ad horse "Phen average percent of tates pa / ‘atin in which the amount should be divided is 6 iy, BB-an 2300 ‘Thus theamountlentat 2% — 5 2300 paa* [Ex 37: How many ky of tea a Rs 42 per ky oust a man ms with 25 kg ‘oftes ats 24 por so thothemay, om selling toe mintare at RS 430 pores, gain 25% on she outlay? solve yourself (ore Bx 2) 12 Re 1200 and amount len a 19% Rs 1300 Sol442 quicker Matis § [EX 38 « Rs 1050 was divided among 1400 mea and women 50 that each mua gets Re 1 and each women 50 paise, Find the neater of omen. (Ans, 700) Soln : Solve yoursel! (x Ex 13). Ex 30: rom travelled a distance of 80 kr in 7 hours parly on fact at the rate of 8 kta per hour and partly o bicycle a 16m per hour, Find the distsnce travelled on foot Soln : Average speed = Krai, By alligation method + Bioyele Fat iy al he 7 7 Rat octe tack i any basen 2g: 5 1 as metabo 72 Andie + Distance tavelled on hot = 8 4=32 kan. Ex 40): Some amount out of Rs 7000-was leat at 6% per ann and the ‘Temaining was lent at 4% por naruni, The tte simpie interest fiom both the pats in 5 yrs was Rs 1600, Find the sum lent at pa. (Ana: Re 2000) Ive it yourself by both ue methods discussed ia Bx 2S and Ex 36, x41 ¢ Mite and water sre mixed in a verscl A nn 4:1 and in vessel B 8832, For vosel C, ifane takes eeust quanti fom A and B, Sind the reiio of mill to Water im C. (Ans: 7:3) ‘Soin Try yourself (ee Bx 3 and the theovem wsed in if. Ex. 42: An aimy of 12,000 enonists of Escopeans and Tadians. The avenge bight of Europeans is ft 10 inches and that of an Indie 18389 sees. The sage hiif he wl amy i 82 ‘nces. Find the numberof fans inthe army. ‘Sohn, Detail mnethod: Let tke micbet of indians be 5 then GNI) (M2 SAID sagt 12000 Aligetan 4s br, (68 in) (12000 - x) (90 n) = 69.75 im x 12000 or, x= 12000 (70 - 69.75) = 12000 0.25 = 3000 By Method of Alligation (Quicker Method); uropeans wexians hh Bo 078 025 ratio= 0.75 :025=3:1 2. 00, otndins = 12 3000, Ex. 43: In an alloy, vise and eopper are in the ratio 1:2, Inthe second alloy the sane elemeals ere inthe reio 2:3. In wha rat shoud ‘hese two alloys, be mixed to lem a new alloy in which th rw cements aro in ratio 3:82 Soln; Detail Method: Fet therm be mixed inthe ratio xy ‘Thea, nt alo, Zine and Copper = 25 anally Zine =2¥ a Cope fom, wohave Es 22,28 SY Now,wehove Pets or 40K +48 = 5OK+45y of, x= 3y Thus, the xequited ratio ~ 3: 10 By Method of Alligation (Quicker Method): ‘You rust know thet can apply this ule over she Satins welue of citer zine ot copper. Letus consider the scional value of zine. Istalloy Daley 1 2 mm Kaa 5 ee ean 1 e 9SuIcKER MATHat ‘Therefore, they shud Be mised inthe ratio p21 3 65 39% G5 89 = Ig HI Note: T1y to solve itby king factional vilue of Copper, Hx As Jayastee prchate 150 ky of wheat athe te of RS 7 perk, ‘She Sold 30 kg st a peott of 10%. Al wha rate per kg sul abe ell the rencaning to get a protitof 20% on the foal deal? Soin : Selling price of 150 key wheat at 20% profit ie 1509 (3) =e 1250 Selling privs of 90 kg Wheat at 10% profit . 16) 507 FE) Re 3a Selling price per ke of ressining 100 ke wheat Tag — 385 Tap ea 8 IS By Method of Allgation Seine ice erga 1 pri Rs 770 ‘Selling price per kg at 20% prods 840 [Now the tw lots ae in rat Soliing price per kg of remaining 100 kg = Rs 8:75. ‘Ex, 45: How mach waiet must bo added to a cask which contains 40 Niares of milk at cove price Re 3.5ixe so that the cost of milk reduces 10 Rs Zine? ‘Saint This question van be solved in so many diferent ways. But the ‘method of elligation meriud ste simplest ofall the wethads. We will apply the ligation on price of mil, water and aixture Mil ater ce Men —? z 1s ratio of rik and water should be 2: 18 = 4:3 ' Aligaion ais aie ya 8245 = ee EXERCISES 1. Gold is 19 times as heavy as ater ard copper 9 times, In what ould these metals beweed so that te mse maybe 1S times ms Deavy as water? 2. How much chicory at Rs. 4a kg. should be added lo 15 kg. oCteo et Rs 10 a kg se then he mintuee be worth Rs GSD a ky 3.A:miatre of 40 tes of milk and sitet Contsins 10 Water. How ‘muck water must bended to rake woler 20% in Tae mew mitre! 4A sum of Rs. 6.40 ismande up of 80 coins which ate ether 10-paise ‘oF fivepaise cies, How many are of P? $.tn.a zoo there are tabirs an pigeons, herds ate counted, there are 200 aad ifleps sre eased, here are S86, Hows many pigens are tere” 6 Arman has 30,000 rupees to len roan. He lett comme of his eapital 9 Mola a on inerest rte ef 20% per anism ard the rest Ssh tan iteresrae of 12% per snaum. Ad she end of one year 1756 of his capa as interest How rch dhe Tend to Moan ? TWA vessel of 80 fies file with milk andl wat. 70% of milk and 30% of ste is token ot ofthe vesse- ICs found hat the vessLs vz cated by $554. Find the inl quay of milk and water, 8. Mohan'sexpeniitures and sevings ae inthe ratio of 4 1. Mis income ‘noreases by 2%. I his savings increase by 1256, by how muh % should bis expenditure mores 9. Mukesh camed Rs 4000 ner mouth. From th lst mont his income ingreased by 88% . Due tse in pee, his expenlares aso ioe certosed by 1284 and his eying decreased by 4 Find his increased, expenditure ard inl sing. 10, A mam hos 60 pons. Tle sails some of these st vost of 12% al tbe ata 22 loss, Onthe whele be gts a polit aF 11%. How znay pens ‘were veld af 12% puott end how many at 5% loss ? 11, A man has 40 be of ta, a part of which he alls a 5% ss and the "stat the cost price. i this business he ges 038 ¥f 398. Find the quantity which ho sels a he cost pics, 12, The ratte of mic ud water in 66 yf edulonated milk is 5 = 1 ‘Woterisadled ioitto mmkethe ratios 3.Tho quantity of wale aed+6 ‘aucker maras! (B-Serrg Aan out oR 7000 wien a 8 pa athe eemsining Beeia Atths simple etre irom bos th tains po 38 Rb 1600, the sum tent a a a vag 140729 ml oF a mistre oon nk and water the tio 72, How TRIE Hale st be adedto sete new mintie cantina elk | tnd waler the ralio 79 2 L 15-4 dishonest itsman profess oll his milk cost pice but be Rises # wh war and thereby gna 28%. The pesentae or eee inthe mixnire is Tea momo? Rs 4 was divided among 50 hye and yes. Cac bay gua CO Bite an each gl 6S pase. The umes a bays gn 17-4 san conan 3 cust ao ligule and Bia roan es, ‘comainel by the ean inilly TE tna mixture of 60s, tac tatio of mand water is? ibe mio Saal se eters tbe 1:2 thon te moun of ate to bene add is ts 8 56 Ltrs of a midureo milk and water in the atin ow much Water shold be mused with itso at ae roton ok, toate beds 20. AsumaE Rs. 39s dvided among 43 hay ard gis Pach gid eg 58 whereas cach buy pets ne tupee . Mow many sive ace 21- Tense sxe ater in pure nl eid so the mixture sneer Free ofthe milk 1 ssid 162%, a wht rio di ons watorin the mie? 22-Ni ad.er aemcalin vee Ain he tito af :2 an vessel 2 inthe ro of 8. fn what raion © Golds Copper= 64-32 Alligator “7S Chicony Tea =3 5-25 There when tie hy cry shut be 2k ' Inne BE ae Toi tte 200 amie lmpure Mik : Water= 8:1 hore, sf there is 40 ites ¢2 impure milk, quantity of water Bas +5 lites. eA 25 i oy Rabbits :Pigsons=0.9: Lat440 16. QUICKER MAT Milk Water Pa ae 2594 13% ‘Therefore, rao oF land water in the vesscl = 5:3 ‘Thus, mite= £2 x $=50 tees e 4 S=A0 lites, Expenditure Savings * 12 Ce ne guia nae nee Bo, 4 1 (gwen o 8 2 Wo soo thar x ‘Yeluc in Exp. %dncin Sav. in 4 yee ie toe ninco az Na Therefore, expenditure: savings = 12:4= sxpenditce M2 53 = Re 3000 and saving =4000 - 3000 ~ Rs 1000 "Now, inresat expense = 3000 (t] R360 ut Bee Sol “Therefore, ratio of pens Sold a profit & oss -mumber of pens sold a 12% profit = 5219 = 57 Atloss D Atcost Fe oe 2 gon us Ratio of quantity of ts gokd at Joss and cost price ‘quantity sold ai ost ac Nace: In, Lowe took Los as -ve because there was overall profit and thus each war present in term of profit (Praft =- (Toss)] But fn Q. 11 there is overall loss, and each is prescated in terms of ls, thetefre Joss Is aon a8 positive 12. Feet nth te i f= Poin ofa watse=0 P.-Factont ninth ro sre Fi Fa 5 3 9 3 ea 3 ae & 8 x5 nea Sd ctvermve ofa i ytee= 21 ~ 228 1600100 _ 324, ‘S700 7-7 Rose for Tapert L 13, Oxerall rate of interest 14, Sammeas 0.12350 QUICKER Marr 18, We wil apy aligation on % profit. 2Phe sells the milk &t CP he oO ha if he ells tera CP he gis 1003 Mk Worse 056 100% a IH ag Ratio of mit to water in the anture should bo 3:4 17. Apply alligation on friction ofA in each mixture, ‘Original mixnare 8 7 i > By Yew mane ? 16 a NN 6 % 9 ei inal mic nd = 2a When 9 nes of Wisma, eign should ve Besar Thain ay in 27 5 26 18. App ligation ‘tiem Water 2 9 NA oN, 3 3 Ratio of mixtare and water 11 ‘Therefore, ifthete i 60 lls of sohiion, 6D tres of water should beaded, 19. Same ae Q. 18 20. Apply the aligation on pai pec head, SemeasQ. 16. 21 Same as Q. 15 22, Apply the alligation ov fraction of ik in each vessel Vessel A Vessel B 5 : ; Lb Nw 8 aN fy i ato unity tke on ysl Aap eel B 1 ly the aligation 60 fraction of milk in cach mixture,q Time and Work HM" persons con do We’ works in ‘Dj’ days and “My” ‘cando Wy works in ‘D3! dayssken wehavea very general formula return Dron be ies rp See hesitate brn estes "re mere dyn ery mae Sie meh 2 tren norcerrdemecely ore nr oe ptt dnoe end comenevmae worn t Feels egos oy oreo as tise nine TDW MDsTAN : agin sscetenes Cayatend etapa ini so Seca MD TE. MDE sow uh al aig ingested wns a pesans Fee eeptr wei ays oy amy wi eae Supe weteettn same bps Sot: cel tes Mew ee iy ent i gece by penn Dumranres? 3-8 Tarot eqs snl sion tes "tase na clotesr so Boat beim MDs Mae Beh ub peneay dete ene ah ecm 0 M) = M2 = 1 (Useless to carry it} Dieses eb ta Puig et i ine poston: Seto ett ites cal pico wok a 0 i How nye elite conpl owe nO sow iSiea wot Wy Sone weed ‘nando ae nestn! dy en sacle Sond hoya na dys ‘This waste tethod sel for non-objective exams. men ate necded.4st QUICKER MATH Tene and Work 485 [Notes Try to solve this question without waiting the initial tops, [Ex.d: 5 men can prepare 10 toys in 6 days working 6 usa dey. Then in ‘how raany days oa 12-men prepare 16 ays worlang 8 hrs aday? We should see ow the "basic forma” works hee Mj =16,D1= 10, W; = {and Mo=7,D2=40, W2=1 ‘Thus, from MD W2= MaD2W1 ‘Soin; This example has au exten variabie ‘tinme” (ats a day), so the ere “basic-formula’ can't work in this case. An extended formula is we ee SBP ean iD Wo S22 11 br Aint Si in days we eed les Here, 5X6 x 6x 16 = 12x D2 x8 x 10 amen tan 10. $0 we stot duply TO ih action whi xs ox 6s ‘han 1, And that fraction ia 12, There, required mmr of men oD 2 0 10 tex pra 1Bx.3: 40 mea can ut 60 tees in brs. If 8 men leave the jobhow tro0s wil o eu in 12 hour’? Sola: 40 men - working hrs - cut 60 trees 60 co, Lman- working 1 br- cuts toe ng Ur cte 5 “Pras, 32 men - working 12 bes om 32% 12. 408 By our "baste - formula” ‘Mi =40, Di= 8 (As deys and ls both denote tims) Note: Number of toys i sonuidered as work in the above example ‘By rule af fractions : See Ov steps 1. We ave to fi! nancber oF days, 3 write the given number @F days Si 1. -Nuzaber of men incresags = work willbe dene in oss days = mule : “s “ington bea oie 2 Numb fin ne ke a> tren chk be me an 8 Arte wating hs rer i ke on ys $ ‘ tnlieg tant ie Ties isdnnetane=4{ (1) 8)-3an ‘We have, 40 x8 x Wa= 32 x 12 x60 ‘understand the method of faction, your writing work 32x 1260 Notes Ifyou ys reap it? Time and Wor 401 ‘Tho Mbase-foraule” gives a nal = Dx De AAS 94 or, Dg= 2S *F = 2a, ‘Quleker Method = Raised mab fine Basa Bares 2B oa Tada5x3 [Note The shove fom i very easy to remember. we divide the question im (vo pic's and eal the Fist part ‘OR-part and the second part as AND-part then 7 ‘Nuribe of mex ip AND—port Zixd Nosaber of days = Noreber of men in OR-pant Similarly, you can book for the second pat in denominator, x16: ]f 22 men and 16 boys can do pieos of work nS days and 13, ‘men and 24 boys can doitind days, how Tong, wil 7ew and 10 Inova take toda it? Sola: 12:mex and 16 boys can do cho work in 5 days —(1) 1 mer and 24 ays ean do the workin 4 days ~(2) [Now i ia ossy to see that if he no. of workers be mmatipled by any aumber, the time raust be divided by the same oumizer {derive from: mare workers les zing). Woace evuliplying the ro. of workers in (1) nd (2) by 3 and 4 respectively, We Bet 5(C2men= toy cad he wen day 4413 men +24 boys) ca do the wark in $ or, 12+ 16D} = 413 m +246) 91,60 +80 D= 520 + SSB wena) ‘1, 60.2.9 = 86-200 ex, 8m 15 ce Laman =2 boys Thus, 12 men + Wboys~ 24 boys + U6 oys = 40 boys fan Ten HD Baye Ud bes + 10 boys = 24 boys ‘The question now mecomes442 QUICKER wat “L£40 boys cer €oa piers of work in S days how ong wil 24 take wd it "Now, by "basic Smal", we have 49x S= 2A KDy mene?) (4) orpa= B45 6 shane "Nate: Daring pracoe svssion*) shouldbe your frat step tobe writ doven, Frter calculations should be dare mentally. Once yo gelthet Iman = 2 boys, your nxt stp shouldbe (*) (*). ‘way you can gettin esul within seconds Ex16: A cern numberof mon an doa workin 6D days, there ‘Simen mee t conld be Bished in 10 days es, How many axethere? Seu: Lat thee be x men exginaly ‘(c+ 5) ren cam nish he worn (60-10) ~50 cays "Now, 8 men in doz 50 days hal x men ca don 10 days, then by "ast formu" we base -Amather Approach: We have: ‘cmon do the wor in 60 days and (s+ #) men do the workin (60-10) 50 days. Then by "anc forma", 60x = 50 (x48) S048 10 (Quicker Method (Direct Formula): There exists a relationship: Oxiginal umber of workers No. of more workers Number of days taken by theascand gran. 'No. of ess days 40 men, A sthice us fist 2B and i therefore abe to finish & work in ‘6 days lessthamB, Find the ine which xy cand it working together. Soin: A igthrice my fst a2 B, monis that iA does a workin I day then B does itin3 days. Hence if te difference bo 2 days, hin A docs the work in A day and B in 3 days, But ho diference is 60 days. Therefore A does the work iu 30 days and B in 90 days, “Tene and Wor 483 «Now Aund B together wil othe werk in 30590 9 8 , oop S08" p* 72S day x18: Lcan nish a work 15 days rv day. Yow cn ih tin Bday at 9h s day Find in bow many days we cau Enis it working gether 10 brs dy. Solm: Fist suppose cach of we works for nly onehra dy “then oun Fist eoin15 8 (20 dayand you can fh the 2 workin’ 5 9 60 days [Nowe we iogetherean fish the work in 120 » 60 Tn on ON ‘Buclaee we are given that we do the work 10 hre a day. Then clearly wwe ean Gnish the work in 4 days. 19: Aca doa work in 6 days, B takes 8 days to complete it. Cakes a5 Jong as A and B would iake working together. How long wll iiake B and Cto-compiete the work together? iB) ean in 824, Soln (4B) can do the workin © 8 — 24 dayy 2 Cert dao cometh wt 8 7*8 paxe 2 SO whe Haag 25 Ie 7 Bx. 20; A is twice as good a worlaman aa B. Togetier, they finish the ‘work im 14 days. In how many daye can it be done by cach separately? ‘Solu: Let B finish the work in 2x days. Since Ais tive as active as B urelore, A nishes the work in x days, ae (AD) Sis he works = 14 orx=21 A finishes te work 9.21 dey aad B Snishes the work in Di x22 days,ace QUICKER Marui Tne and Work “6 : 7 és 12 women to fish i in 10 days, If 15 mien and 6 woman Quicker Approach : vice + One time ="Thricexotive person docs the aan thoy 2 ‘work im E4 days, Then one-time active powon (B) will doitin idx 3 undertake to complete the work, how many days will they take Ds ee’ €2 yest tie ive pen win in =a dg, Sea ae Nouzutannscin sir instonncnr easyer yt" | Sande uh 9) Bane retin "Uxflvency (B) is ndrectty proportinal to nanbeor of days D} 1D tron cnplea nos acca Sina. venman est 0!) ary ast ba}; eS, where ign onset fon) » 2 0 ~Cansen Dem a. oe ion Eon by eae= De “Sven ames doe wahin 3-2 sa educa near oae Be uD) = BDz EDs on 3x 14=2 421-1 ea? ‘Ths, ouransiver verties the above statement Bx. 21: 5 mex and 2 boys working together ean da foe times a¢ much ‘work per hourasa manand «hoy together. Compare tie work of enn with cat af a boy, Solm The first group is 4 times ap muck efficient as the second group. ‘What does it mena? [simply means thatthe second group will ‘Quicker Approaete: We see that te above question is: "WW men or 12 ‘women dna work in 10-days. In how many dye wan 13 men and S women complete the work?" “Tas, tis question is tke some #3 Fx 16 or Ex 22 amber of days = take 4 tines as many days as the first group (See the Note giver days ner 30) Taatefrs (Sn 251 day" wok = (Li Ys A dys work Bx 2 & and B can do a work in 45 and 40 days respectively. They arts 2074 day swonk= Sn ab ey began he work tpt, but Alehaher som tte che oom tb ‘m the remaining work in 23 days, Afler how many days did A leevo? Solu: B- works alone for 23 days, That is, men istaice es cficient asa doy, Bx.225 12 menos 15 women: can reapa field in Lf days, Find the number ‘of days that 7 nen and $ woraen wifl fake to reap Ses tnadingichiicranea th Tinemaiehncten mae Bot wan AEE — 8S a discussed for Bx. (4. Il'you remember the direct formula, you get “ i fi 2 nein 2245 Iu the requted umber of aya =—5— 1 = 0 a5 Xa 9s — HG | QusherNate iret frm: we ge he ermatos ep aso fo 3 we can wit het amin og 28 (4023) aE shee | he St Bema Gp) os 18x, 23: lh men can this apiece of wore in 10 dys, wherone it takes |468 QUICKER Mat 1. 25:4 conuin miner often comple workin 160 a. ‘ere 8 men nr he wo could heed in 20 ay How ramy men wie aga there? Soin: Ts geston sfc ee arin Ste ulcer (Stet oul) adap re ng trois 8*08=29 9g ‘Ex. 26:4 men and 6 women Finish ajol in & days, while 3 men sad ‘omen Finish in 10 days. now many dase will 0 woenen ie . Solm: Method I. Considering one day's work: ay et 40 Gy Fame) Smt tw oh Waa- eet law - 28 ey 0% 100= 55 “10 wonten ean. do the workin 4 days, ‘Method IT: Seg ths theory used in Bx 15. We find that Stén 6) = 10 (im + 7) or, 2m= 20 ‘ama ~ daw dren + 6omen $0 worsen 3250 days, 8 days 10 wemea do in Bx. 27E1 man or2 women of 3 boys ean do s work in 44 days, ‘Pron in how many days will 1 man, 1 woman and J boy do ‘werk? ‘Soin: This is an extendod Yorm oF Ex 14, “Thus, by oar extended formnla, numbex of zeqnized days Tima ane Work as 1, Number of en in AND=part Fix1” Bo, of days x No ofmen in OR-part 1___Namberaf women in AND-part_ Hie” Ra oldeys Ne ofeomen nO a Simiarly, you con deine. 5x. 28: 3 men and 4 boys doa workin & days, while 4 men sl 4 boys othe same werk in 6 days. In how many drys will 2 men anc “boys finish the work? Solu: This question isthe Steme as 8x 15. Try yournel. Bx. 2% A inthrive a good a workman as B, Together they can daa job im 15 days In Row many Saye will BSsish the work? Soli This questions the same as Bx 20. "Thrice + One time =4 tins efficient person does in 15 days (B+) -Cheandoin 2“, ~, Bx. 40: A, Band C om do e workin 16 days, 12% days and 32 respectively, They slated dhe work together but afer 4 days lef Blot the work 3 dys bers the completion ofthe work. ow many day was the wort compte? Stn: Suppose the work complet in days 33.4 poyts Saye" work= on G2 Boy's 3 days work = 1 of, Boy’s3 days’ work a wav AEA ave ak (D's G3) dase fork Bx. 43; A stctad a work snd le ater working for? days. Thee B was: ¥ C's x days” work =1 ‘called and he finished the work in 9 days. Had A left the work after or, A BO DMS Ray ‘working for 3 days, B would have finished the remaining work in 6 tam 6 days. in how many days.can each of them, working alone, finish oy ESE ge age Lass exe ays the whole work? ' J x, i: Rajcan do apis of workin 16days. Ramu ound the workin 12% days while Gita can doin 32 days, AM of tom ‘to work together but Rays Jeavas after 4 days, Ranru leaves the jot 5 days before the completion of the work, How Tong woul the veo as? Soln: Suppose the wor ase forx dys, Tet, Rijn Sn Bead Nt See Aan oc werk 8 ceil Mw, ek ey hina n doeo mam Sintaty 2-21 Tosohotiestovesatn at! =a and! =ion cance a da s=) 4) andda=ah-1——-2) Peslonmmng (2) « 3-1) x 3 we have set cach cox tesdon ant y= E154, uleker Method: Direet formula: In such case: ~8 3 ForB, we should use the above result 2 Woes 1-2 A 2 aking ay 1 does working «$13 ttt Sn 3 op canny 23 ee a3 ed boys ap cot ta, any bj i ie? inna hy ay op 1 ese Fry eal ye lw ipa rans. We ‘aay find two equations from te two given statements. The first sconat inp t 5 mon and 3 bys ean ey 2 een day. "We write this a Soln a S19 38 Pat) Similarly, ftom: the second statement 7 amr tb-F Now, 10 find the relation Sm430_ 2728 amy 2p" 4 72" ie 7, +428 = 6m + do 1m =4b (of, one man ig ecual to 40ys) «Sm #3y=5 x 643 » 23 bys Fr the Fst slated) [Now,uso Mi Dr W2= fa De Wi We a= x 4x45 = B48 — 20, Da Wi 30-742 boys should assist een, Tine and Work 48 Ex ‘contractor andestakes to dig. a canal 12 km Fong in 250 days ‘aud employs 45 men. Afr 200 days be firs that only 4.5 br of the coral fas Been completed, Find Ube numberof extra rien he rust expiny 16 Bi tae work in time, Solu: To opply the rule of fraction or one direct formula, we rewrite the above question a: 145 men prepare 4.5 km canal in 200 days ‘Ther he? many more Persons ate needed wo prepare 12-4.5~ 7.5 Sam in 380 - 200= 150 days? By ruleof fraction: 45 (s 2) 20)(25).. 100 men _ required no. of pao to be ded = 100-45 = $5 men. By Direot Formula: Mj Dy Wa = M.D Wr 01,45 20 7.5 = Ma 150% 4S 450 20027, Mee Teoxas 1 required numberof perso in be added W300 45 = 55 ea tix. 46: § men and 16 some can doa work in & days. 40 mei and 48, "vormen ain the same workin 2 days, Howe many days ane Teared for 6 mee and 12 women odo the same work? Sola: Method It Te man power Ge, wo. of persons doi te job) is Indirect proportional to number of days (i, more wan power, les days ores napowe, more days) So, we curt wnt te equation ike, ‘Sint 16 Seam 48 w= 2 ‘Non have ind the two things which are directly prepor- fdonsl each other Cleary these to things inthis respect are iae-power and work. $0, We change the rolaoship and find the work done by cach group in one dy. Thon wa have the opetions Bm416w ft midds sstu 4...) and we have to find: m+ 12 ‘Now 2)-3 «(1 givesae (QUICKER NAT Now, 6m + 12 = — 8 — 16 x8” 328 64 “Therefore, 6aten ad 12 wornen witldo tho join = 103 dy ‘Method I: We will compare the capacity ofa mast and woman, To 50, we apply: ‘8 (Gm+ 16 W) =2 ¢Om-+48 w) os, 6d + 128 w= 80% + 96.W or, 16m=32w ss I= 20 Now, 8m + 16w= 16 9+ 16 w= 32 w (Geom firs informati @mt Dw i2w+ w= 2dw (om required information) Novy, apply the formula: My Di = Mz Da Tien 22x 8=24xD: 2. p)= AB. Nat this method: One more method for special cases (whichis applic cable in this case) is being discussed below: ‘Method IT: (Very Quicker, but for special cases only): Fist, you should know the type of question where this method cau beapplied. See the number of mon nd women in the quoston ‘vt Fd the catio ofthese to number, Like in this cas: ‘men : Women = 6 12= 1:2, Now, look atthe question: pata for dhe same ratio, In thiseaue the first question-pavt has the semerati, i, 8: 16=1 :2. Now, we ‘an use this method. IF thee is no sueh ratio in question part, we ‘an’Tuse tis metho. Sm 16 Wdo the work in 8 days onbgneam) nn Bias cnimt2y)"* Sx8=6tdye sf 6imiawe Seay m+ 120 * 108 ays and Work 475 1Bx.47:38 men, wosking Shores day can doa piece of workin 12 day “Find fac aummber of daye in whieh $7 men working §hnwa day om ‘uo twice the work, Assure that 2 aren of the Frat group do as brs. much workin { hour 8 3 man of the second group doin 1 Soht: Detailed Method: ‘2x. [men of fist group 34 1.5 men of second group ff, 2 mien of fist group 4.5 men of second group Semnotiatgmin AE 381945 (19% 4S) men do 1 work, woking 6 slay i 12 dass. span dows 1 work working I hriday in (12 « 19% 4.5 <6) days . 137 yen do 2 work working &hrsdy in Delrasn6 9. BAAS 26,37 aay Quleker Method: Ratio of efficiency of ptsone in ira grup to the second group 1 Be=(x 18)! 2 1245 Dome) “Nowa he fro: MyDATHE Wa MaDIT EW ~- (°°) Gage ee ©) Lees nuabse of pusons fom te fst group do the same work ‘teas nur of day, s0 they sre more cen. “ECD Mrepresent tke numberof en 1D cepeesents the aurber of days 7T represen the nuaber of working hous represents he efiiency |W represents the work sed th utr the respooive TOUS. EXERCISES | 1. Malan cen doa job in 26 days and Sofan eam do the sara job i 30 Maye How long wold they take todo it working togece? 2. Raju, Rineuarad Rar can doa work it 6, 12 and 74 days respectively. Ta wha time wil toy alsoetice 040 3. And Bsvorktg together can do apicce of work in 6 days. B alone fon don days Ip how muy Gays atone could rishi?are QUICKER MATH 4. A.andlB cas finish @ fold work in 30 days, B and C in 40 day while aa A in 60 days: How Song will hey lake to imih ouster? 5. A.can copy 75 pages in 25 ns. amd ® gether can copy 135 pages in.27 ls fa what tine ean B copy 42 pages? 6.4, Ban Can finish a von in 10, 12 ne 15 days respectively. CB stops after? dys, how long, woul itake A and to finish te #- tring work? 7. B can do job in 6irs, Band C can do iti hrs apd A, Bland Cin 2 ein ny can so 51s sha wodkan 5 dat hes, Youcan tata ddeysat 9 hrs day, Find in bow many days ve can fis it hoger, ‘two work £6 Ire & se? D..A.can doa work in7 days. 14 docs twige as ach work a8 B in a ‘iver time, find how forg A and B would tks to do the work. 10, A can do a work in 6 days. 1 takes 12 days. Cokes as Tongs A and B would ‘ake working tometer. How Jong wilt take B and Ct ‘complete the work one? 11. Ais tive as good a workman as B; nd regctber they finish a work in USdays. in how maay cays cam ite dane by each separate? 12, 1f3 men or5 women can reapa field in 42 days, Row long will S yen and 6 women lake fox i? 12.175 men and 2 bays working together ean do four tinaes a5 mach work per hour a manand boy gether, compare the work of ana wi het aa boy. 14 One man, 3 women and 4 bays can do 2 work in 96 hrs; 2 mew and B boys con de itn 8D bs; and 2 men and 3 wom eas do Hn 120 hrs. In how many tows can it be done by Siem ane 12 bays? 15. A and B working separately can doa piace ef work in 9 cad 12 days ‘wepectively, If they work fora day aliemarely, A beginain, ss how tuany days wll te work be completed? 16. A sumof money 1s sofficiem to pay As wages for 21 days or B's ‘wages for 28 days, The money is sufeiend io ay ti wages of bots or days. 17.A does las mach works 8 jn reesfourth ofthe tie. Iiagethex ‘hey take 18 days 1 complete a work, how mc time sll B tke to on? 18, £0 men can finish « piece of work in 10 doys, whereas i takes 12 {me and were ar man hin i Sem and arn de Songer ecyd y he tenapie 3 resp Ts 19 Aan Hance pes of wor sea oy srecpetvey. They ‘zante work tog, bt A [eR ater some Jays ard B nied he ssn nm Aon an da Ae? pin tamer of en cape npiter oF ak i Oy 2 re 8 Ne ote the war cauks aed 1 ey Tro sm ence pl tare? 21 deen an 2 cope atin of or in ys. wha ee enum a Iw mary dyer 12 nen fsa he ar wer? 12, 2ina an women cae ah = ec of work i Oy, wie retoando in Wess low is aye wien a3 een Eau 25, Smenand oye do apie awe iv aye, wile Amen an ye itn age 2 pen and bose ei i 2a Et ramor2 vemos) toyecande a pe wore nad ys, Shere pice of wrk Ne des by Tiny (womens 1 a aNswens Bw ae Gxtaat GAO Fate gy Bape t avis ah BE aatane wen. (a@rbsoyniléotewetin 5 ce 5 80 302 days A+B+Cwill loin SP =265 day a 5 Aconsony 3 pages in Ue 135 + Ream eo egos in Ue, As Ream copy Fy =5 Bos ean copy 5-3 =2 pages in Lhe Bay ogy ein 2 =478 QUICKER wal Gata cinzdeys dor =2(4)=1. -2(3)=jom ‘Now, B withdemse, A+ B will a the whole workin B28 gays | A+B willow = A+B willeod work n t= 2 iD 1A=B+C adobe vain B+ Cean do the werk in dhs n= @) Bean do the workin 6 us (3) Fo 5498, Com ani 224-10 From (1} & (4) a 8 a7 aaa oe pT ak 8. Change thet into tows. Tinh in 58120 hs 20 You fiieh in 22 A+ Bean doin Notes See Bi 18 (acived)."The method is differnt thers, You ate suggested 10 adopt the eather method. 9. Ais twig a efficient a B, hence B will do the workin 14 days, “Time ena Work 479 cA B willed in TH 5x24 sayy 10. A+B iske: 6rd + Cites A days I2e4 2 B+Cinke 284 3 auys 11. Suppose B does in 2 days, f-Adovs in day. ‘Now, werking together, dey caa doin ca a fessaon aoe NMomn ant un ae Nate: For quicker approach see sobved Bx 20, 12.3 men=3 wore (Now, we ate giver thal 5 women do in 43 days, 4% x $15 ds +B women doin (203 (35) $—15 498. Quicker Method: (Ses Es 14 1 Resin no, of ys i = 15 cays. Tea 5a, 13, 5m +2b=4 (m4 1) 0 2b Dam + 8 fis BO Bes = (2) cor, Im +4b im 160 brs === (3) Sint 3win 30a) ‘Brom ((yand (3), we have,400 QUICKER MATHS: 16096. i MO*56 = 240 bes 5) From (4) at (9), we have 240 120 2m do the work in 290% 120 9 bop. the wo in HO* 120 249s (6) Soda tee work i 96 hes Fro (2) and (6) have, Bb Uo the werk in 22 120 ts . 20 =80 1b do the work in 28 80s —(8) "Now fom (7) and (8) we have, 46128 do ane workin 30X80 480 _ s+ 12 do ie workin SEP AND Fy 15.(A+ BY's work in Bays f-¢ = 482 sls ‘Thats, fers x one by A alone “Adoee' work in9 days 1 tia 1 does se workin 9x = 4 days To tec ofe= 1010 cy 16 Let ie sam eo LEM 21 2.6. sod B yet = Re dey vervorin = Rs Tiday Rett inontsiat ir 12dye ptt then Cher Method et form Se faa fn. ‘Number of days - "ren of na. oF days Tie and Work mee FAS — 12 ays, 1 Supa dst wei ys Ta, Adis was dg dos won os 210 18,15 men do the workin 2 wo S women doe veri !22 2 x2 ft now 20 1S men +6 women doin d= 29220 05 dys 0 19, $00 B24 By diet fra, . sua0[ 40 =12) read no, of days rel 7 } dogs 20, Let there he x men orginally, then Luan will da the work in 60x ‘days Am the w2oord ese, 1 an does the workin Ge 8) SO days 24 [Punch child takes oe the time taken by amen, & chil childen + 2men~ 1S mer do the workin 9 ays, 484see QUICKER MAT i 916 1B men fs he wor tn 189 day 2 Work and Wages 22.4 men de in 19 days . 2 dn 20 days ‘tmorem: Wages are dsribwe x proportion tothe work doe andi Jnutnect (an inverse) propantin tothe time taken by the inlet Back: A can doa work i 6 éaye and B cam co the same workin days, “The contract forthe work is Rs 220, How much bal B getifbeth ‘Fem work together ? ‘Soln: Method I: i I i 25.3 men + 4 boys doin 8 days-—() dew dtoptonbige a) ‘Sstaing (hy fom @) we have, B48 2 dove — (3) Bs sme 282 soe a0 gj Method i: Aswapes are disuibuied in invctepeonon tien of mumbo uy of days, (noir share should he in the ratio 5-6. “sae 2g 1 1 oan does 2a 5 Amen doin § days (4) From (1) an (we vacua bye do wa > wets A man car do aworkia 1 divs uk the eipata boy he ° Ke Fate neon aye hy yt Sr at wok, sen 4oys=2 mum wil ihe cen = 12 aay, isa carer boy? Bine=2nem=Bhys Sal Thebrcmdoshe wn! 815d, Ral thee] Dom ean thy Steet They Lies | Manure pea S36 Nom, 3 bys he wknd ys ss-R20 ut asa : 3} bows do he won A? 2a 28 dys Ex: A, Band C can doa work in6, Band 12 days rexpscively. Doing that work eer hey get an amount of Re 1350, Wt te Pale riteheel Som: Asenedes wat; Bsenedy/snenket f C's one day's work: a 3 Saare: Bs t A's share: B's share ea ‘Multiplying each ratio by the LOM of their denominators, the ration hemmed 3:240s Be shar 2) sens 450, Direct Method : A's share : B's shane : C's sate eae ma302 ua A Band Conca wa os 550, Tete, Aan Bae supposed todo ofthe works How utc does € get? : ATBeid work a te) 4w tt 34 Lohan jie 2 {A*BY's shave: C's sas pi fena C's she 8 gona {Ex.3: Two men undertake todo a piece af wor for Rs 200. One alone could do i it 6 day, the other in 8 days. With de assistance oF ‘ey they Gna dy Hew told de monoybe di Soln: srmin's 3 days! work 2; 2nd man’s 3 cays” wos sewyedar ante ( THersseatheintean gs 2 : 200 st man’s stage = 2. 1 nce 2 Ra 100 2nd man's share = 2%) Re75 ‘he bey's hace Ras E.G Wages for 43 women amouncto Re 15525 in 48 days. How many sen ust ver 16 dys to seceive RS 3750, the ily wages of 2 "au being double thnseofa woman? 1328 US sxe Bp wage ofa mon fore day = 25 US = py 16 Sol: Wage ofa wo fra diy = 25828 us Now, mimber af mea, CUICKER MATH ‘Work and Wages a5 = “Tots wage SOS og en No oF days x 1 man's T day's wage 16% 118, [Notes We shoull remenscr the edationsp ola] wage = One person's one day's wage s No, of persons xNo.of days. x7: Amen and 4 ys can earn Bs 756 in 7 days, 11 men and 13 boys eat ear Ps 3008 in 8 days. Ia what time will 7 min with boys juan Rs 24802 Soln: (30 +4b) in 1 dey earn R478. — Rs 108 =(1) {im + 1 int day eam Rs 2978 — Rg 275-2) From {1}, we sce thal to earn Re 1 in 1 day there should be am =a eam Re Lin | ay thete “as ity, om (2), 9 earn Re Lin 1 day th shoul be persons. Si Lm + 13b 36 sm ed _ dm + 15 And also; SEE = UE dorm G x 376611 x 108) =b (108% 13-4 4.376) persons, 1904 “60° 3 [Nowy fhm (F) (m4 4b) in Tay cara Re 108 ot 4 Pm in yeaa 8 im, on 72 dy cam 108 ton | ay ems Rs ORS Rs70 “Thus, we ger that a ran cans Ra 20 daily anda boy ears 5 209 2= Rs 12 aay 5 “Fea + 9p earn RS C7» 20-+8 x 12}=Rs 248 ie t day, “m9 earn Rs 2480) i 10 days, [Note :(*) Since both the LHS snd the RTTS dencte the sume guantsy "Nursber of persons earning Re in | cay"406 QUICKER MATH Worsand Wages 487 4.183 men with 4 bays can eam Rs 210 in 7 days, and 11 men with 13 1 Boys cam ena RS 830 in Says, what sme wil 7 ren with 9 boys ‘earn Re 11007 COC) We ean arrive at this step directly be using cxoss-aul cation-division rule. Armnge the given information as follows: OM aming Pars Us 1612 men with 13 boy can ear 8332625 in3 days ar men wits x BE ‘Guys ean cam Rs 237-50 in § deys, in whut sine will 3 men with 4 cam Rs 2102 u Boe Joe boys Nom, ANSWERS Mea (3* 3008 _ i758) poy (13. 756 _4 x 3008) | Wages are distributed in inverse proportion of mumber of days, Hence: 8 7 u § ‘themoney willbe divided in he tatio 18,12 M925 ig - A gets O35 18 = Rs 89.55 on pte 228 = Ru 59.70 2.A'sshate B's share can 316-1105) =b 0841 TBR Bx Be 12 even with 13 boye oan carn Rs 326.25 in 3 days. § men with, ‘hoya can eam Ra 237.5 in 5 days. In what time wall 3 men wit boys can Rs 2107 ‘Soln: Soive yoursel® (same as Ex 7) ‘Ex9: A, Band C together cam Rs 1350 in 9 days. A and Cto ‘earn Rs 470 in $ days. B and C topethor carn Rs 760 in 10 da Find the daily canting of C. 3 ‘Soln: Daily ea Daily earning of AVC BSc 6 S.Samte a3 Ex. 4 Daily caning of BC. roma (1) and (2) ddy caring of B ‘From (3} and (4) dally earning of C= 76 - $6=Rs 20 EXERCISES Two men A acd B wosking together complete piace of work whi {would have akan thom raspstively 12nd 18 days to complete if ‘hey weoked separately, They received in payenent Re 149.25, Find (reir shares 2.4, Band together do a piece of work for Rs 53.50. A working slong ‘coud doit in $ days, B working stone could do tin 6 days and C ‘working ale could do tin 7 days, How should the money be di vided among thom 2, 3. tbe wages of 45 wornen ammount to Rs 15525 in 48 days, how many er. rtust or 16 days ro receve Rs 5750, the daily wages of'a man being dacble those af a sora?Pipes and Cisterns Intention: Pps un Cars pens ae os he semeasthnoed Tineand War pbtens heniapietleata a 6s, ete piel ket he wk nhs. The ony ieee “hipster ptnsiehthearecatesarwelasinies ‘hu thas a age (eu) personne Wed ton The tote ro anes ies IM: peace nna racine rate ical cule es Oomie A pip ened ick scab anonet tite FORMULAE: @) He pipe can fia tank in x hors, thn the part Me in 1 hove — 1 (0) Tape can empty a tsk iy howe, Uae pt of te fll nc fi emptied in 1 hoor: ¥ (G8) 1 pipe can il tank in hours and another pipe can ery the Jul tank in yours, then the et part Hille { hour, shes both she pr memes (EF ns yme (48) Ifa pipe can ill tank in rs ard another es ill the same Hak ‘ny hes then the et pat illo in 1, whsn bath he pes ere opened vt ety tie taken tefl ene sank =A pee (0) Ifapipe fills tank inses and azolber ill the same ank ny brs, bot athin one empties he fall sank rs, ar alle them aze opened sxe, esc oem os)490 ‘QUICKER Mat “ tie take to Bil ty tk» EE br, (99 A pipe can ll a tak ia x rs. Due to a leak in the baton i fled nhs. Lhe tell, tho ine ftom byt leak the tank = 22 ios ex Bx Ls Two pipes A and B can fila tank in 36 tome and 45 ours respanively. IPboth the pipes ae opened smtanovsy, trac ne wil be ae oil de tank? t Sok: Fa filled by Asknein 1 Howr= 1 Pact led by B alone in hou = ie 2 Pat ster (setae (i Teo * 20" Hence, both the pipes together will fil he tle n 20 hors ‘Direct Method : [By forma (h)] 36x ‘Time taken =20 hes, 36445 js filled in 30 hour, fhe tank is full, low enuch ti will tho Teak tale to empty it? ‘Sol: Wotk done by the leak in bout = (f= he Lae wil empty the Flank in 60 bs, Ex: Pipe A cam Al takin 20 hours while pipe Balonecan flit in 3Dhows and pipe ean empty the fal tank in 40 Rou Tal he Dipesare peed gether how machtine wllbeneedeta rake ‘beak fill? sNecparted in thour=(14 11) 7, sa sere tt ar z 2, Them be fin! ie. 17! boas pipe can fil tank i 15 hous. Due fo leak in th boom, it Popes and cisions a1 Direct Methad: [by formula) 20330 «40 20 yl 30x 4+20=40-20x30° 7 77 1x4 Tho pips A tn can fl acisten in our and 75 minus respectively. These als an ole: Tall he hee pes se ‘pened tog he unk sal 90 nus How mich ins ibe akon by Co empy te fl ak? : iatmin(he tH) 2 Sola: Work dove by Cin G 4 oe Can empty ho il a a 10 iste x5: In what time woulda citar be led bythe pipes whose icy es 2g sth, ie {argest atone will iit n 61 minutes, toe amount of wate owing iby each pipe being proportional to the square of ts diameter? Sol: Int minut the pipe of 2m diameree Bis 3 ofthe cistern, Take he eof om iat ofthecistern. oo Aottnecisern 0 1 3g ofthe cistern fe * peor 1 InTminutethopipeofts cm diameter fits iomme(1, 2,4 = Int minute(} 41,4) (atara al filed. the wholes filled in 36rainutes. Ans, ‘Note (*) We are given that amount of water flowing is proportional 10 ‘the square ofthe diameter of the pipe. Since 2cm diameter fills 1 Spotibe citer, : Lendancstet() ~otot : cee) ail] a or 1 4 on} Sorte cisemae QUICKER MATHS pes ard Cistoms a 2s 6 Thecha kine btum faci When ect When ten ops the rail fein shores palo ou bet 3 en er a av hour larger the ciate sf, tow ong would i eakake | ae — 120-0 {empty the cistern ? e008 Soln : Required sine = : Buc cant be ve, hence the faster pine wil fil te servo in 20 W072 Two rps A ad can Fl lnk in 24 sis and 32oninats "Ey, 0s Toes pipes A, Band can fill asim in Set. Aer oeking reepectivly Irbot the pipes are opened sulancousy ler together for 2 Hours, Cis elsed and A ud B Bl he cistern in 8 tow much time should B Be cksed oth the lane i a 18 dns. Then ind the ne whe le iets oon be le by pipe minutes ¢ Soin : Lat ft be closed after x micutes. Thea, part fill by (A+B) in ‘min. + ar filled by A fa (18-xp ain, = rit 1 4 Bed x Je Soh: A+ C can 612m Lhe= E ot cistern, 24 63 6 1 A+B+ Coan fillin 2 hw fester, ane ocho santanens tnt eaie(ict-) Pr atiy ee ‘Su, B should be cloacd after 8 mia. (A+ By oan MTL the sistema ix S—= 12 hus Direct Formula: ‘And we have (A+ 5 + C) can fill the cistern in 6 brs. ie Pipe B should te closed after ‘wo pipes P and Q woul i 3 citar im 24 sand 32 hows respoctvely.Irbolh pipes ere opened together find wher the Fst pipe ruse Be tured off we thatthe cist may be just led in 6 “2 CCA B=C)-(A+ B) can fle sisi Ex. Mt A tank has a 2ale which would empty itin Bas, A tapi tome om sehich admits 6 litres @ minutes ito the lank, and tis now ‘emptiod in 12 bss. How many lites does the tas ld? ire San See ee i aes Seis Lemrean tein "Ey ce een Me ates 2 Cayo 24 $6 es ogee oder dol be iA samaty esata eis hs gar ee Stic af ay tos Ecc as nies a biwaietn® meailetekemot at - Son: are eesti drs re sin Thetis poset ves =2E)s a <2 haifa ae a wk neh te ‘Ex. 9: [F190 pipes fimetion sitaultanebusly, he reservoir is filed in 12 filles in 8 hrs, Therefore, fe Feak will erapty dhe tank in 82°10, ‘hes. One pipe filis the reservoir 10 hours faster than the ether, ok ‘How many howrs docs the faster pipe take to Bll the reservoir? 740 es Sens kati re ke ‘Then fc sloxer pie fils the tan n+ 10 hs,494 QUICKER MATHS ‘Ws. 13: A pipe can la Tonk ia 12 minutes and another pipe in 15, iiaoes, bul a thicd pipe can empty it in 6 rites. The fk wo pipes are hep: open for 5 minutes in the beginning and then the | hed pipe is also opened. In what vime i he cistern emptied? 1,1) 23 i Sola : Cistera ied in $ minutes =9(5-+ 3 ]=4 [Net work dane by 3 pipes 1 Suinate CHE sein shows tt paseo -Epatisenpedin <2 48 miter 4 Ex. 14 If thier taps are opened toysiber, a tank is filled in 12s. Que ‘ofthe taps can (Cin 10 hes und another in 15 hrs. How docs the hid tap work? Soln: We haveto Find the mare the thin tap — whether iti or avwasle pipe. Lettbe a filler pipe which Bs inns. Wx I5ex THE T<15.4 1084 5 0 £50¢= 15D 12 5 25% 12 or, -1504 = 1660 a shove hal the third pipe i a waste pipe which voter the nk in 12 hm Ex. 15: A, Band ore tree pipes connected to a tank. A and B together fill he tank in 6 rs, B and € together [the tk in WOR A, anne fl het in -s.ow muh me wl , ‘Band C fil the tank separately? Solu: A +8 filin 6 hrs, BHC $m Wher, iis ASC AiLin 7 ier his 13 oxox DEAS B+) Allin Bp. 6106-48. ? Pipes and Cistems 495 © AS B-EC fill the aak in 5 brs. Now. A[-(A+B+C)-(B+C)] Asin 18 0 ee, 8,5 Simi, 8 xm 2 sate!" son stan 2500, 5 Be 16: wo pipes cm ssprstely fs tnk in 20 as ae 50 os respectively. Reh tbe pipe ae opened i il the tok but wen the tank is 4 fll a fea develops in th tank through whic foe {hs wate sapped by bat the ios Fak ou. Wh the oat fime ake ofl te tah? Solns Time taker by the tv pipe 6 MX am hus= 12 brs, 2. Lovie in Pate Now he ped wa at aw effcint as eats. = tho fier pipes ae only 1-4 = pipes are only 1-5 = > he work of (12-4=) 8s will be completed now int 283 BF a FES tos wisttime=4+12=16hes oR. Sie pet ot i age cpt ek 2 1326 en fi etn bf wo ied xed leskage = 36% 12 - age OE 1h,498 QUICKER MATHS Linn yn ips ad te kag fot of tek 2 a3 + tl me = 4 + [2s = 16 AT: A ostera is nonmally filled in 8 hrs but takes two Ins ooger fof fl becase ora fakin te baton. ifthe cia i fa, De eek wil pty in. 2 Soln: Detailed: Suppose Me leak can enmpty the wok tax rs. Non, S%—s4 25 10s on, Sx= 10x-8 «.x=40hes, Quicker Approueh: The filler takes 2 hes more = the leak empties 10 hs wa the fille fils i 2 as he eak empties 10h > the Keak emplies te flleistem in 4 bint oma tele eapyin = 2 40 bes EXERCISE 2 Pipes A and B can ia taok in 10 hours nel #5 hours respectively. Both together ca sti __e, ‘Ap can fil the cistern ip Sours and another can empty ft in 16 hus IPbot the taps are opened simultanecusly, te tie (i hours} tefl eta ie pipe ose fla tain x hours and another can erapy isin y hows They ean togetver fl tim (y >") ‘One tap can fil a cistern in 2 hours and another ean empty the ester ‘m3 fs, on long wll hey ae to fil fhe cistern ioth he taps are opened? A cistor ann be fill by swo pipes A and B jn hours and 6 beurs ‘espoeively. When fil, e tank ean be exptie by a tied pipe Cin Shoat, I al the taps be fared on atthe same ue, the ester wil be fillin ipa and Cisterne “ 6, Aten s filled by pipe A in 32 rsinmtes and pipe B in 36 minutes, ‘When full, itean be exptied by a pipe Cia 20 minutes. Kall the tee pipes are dened staltneosy, half ofthe ck will ie ilk in iru +7. Ef vo pipes funtion simultaneously, the reservoir wil be led in 6 Ihours. One pipe fills the reservoir $a faster than (ae ole. OW wang hours does ie foster pipe tae tol the seservoir? 4 Theoe piper A,B ond C oan fill cisten in & hours. Aer working at itgogehor tor ?houee, Cis closed and A'gnd B oan Glin 9 hours. The sine tay C alone to Ail fe cistern is brs 9, Actaris ak which would empty tC 8 hours. fap is tamed ‘on which ads hic a iste into Ge oltern, ant snes camp ted in 12 huts. How many litres des te stem Paid” 10. Two taps can separately il eistem in 10-yonutes and 15 mmutes respectively apa when the waste pipe is open, ey cam toe I 1 18minures. The waste pipe camemipty Tefal gt ja sites, 11..\ ston has vo taps whch il itin T2anin and 15 nin respoedivey. ‘There isalsoa waste pipe nike cisern, Wren all pipesare dpe), the emey este is ful io 20 un, How long wl the wast pie ake omy. i ister? 12, A tanican be filed hy one ap in 20 min, ond by another in 2S min ‘Hudh he taps ace Kept open for min. ang then the second ts teed ff Any ty mines ce wil he tark be completely fille? 13, A cisean is noumally fled in 8 hours bur takes two laours Tonge «9 [il because ots tei ats bation the este is fll the leak wi emp ih 1s 14. Two pipes Sand ¥ can la clstera in 24 min, ond 32 mn raspscvely. both hep pesaze opened te gether, Uw afir hoe awe time should ¥ be closed tot the ek 7M ey 8 tates? 15, Aleakin the hoitor of stunk eax ceypty the ful tpl fn hours. An inlet pipe ills water at heals of ives per wate. When he tenk s fall, eames opened and due othe Keak the tad is empted an 8 ‘rows The capacity ofthe nk is ies. ANSWERS! tats _ 180TH ogther fil he takin SS = Bhs.98 ‘quieKeR MATHS 3 tes, yox 4 Same 180.20 3. Sia‘ b+ wll otunk in aegah de6xd 24 ona ixs ane wT Notes This eh be oedin pas, prt) q wes Bas +8ecmims Lat Bec min ey 3 he AS Bull in 6AYBFC Hi dw tankin SMe 23620 14), 36% 20+ 32 «032 4 26 208 BM 2 A7B=Catltaes kin 2 as 5s wood 7 et the ster tap fil he ok in bs 2 slower tap 5 (x +5) bs. Newt tk in 2B orixP 4 Se 12K + 50 on x? 7-30 x= 100-3 We meplect the -ve value, the faster tap ls the tak in 10 bw, { S.A+B4 Cea fl acistem in ons — (1) A+B+ Coan oft eZ wiv! =2 i ie op A+ Bin Pe Aap gc in 23 <2 2) 2 2 rom (1) and (23, can Lil the cistern in Pipes ond Cisterns 490 oat 26x21, wo te. 2 i as 9. The filer tap can fil he tank in 15S Capacity of tank =6 x 60 «24 S40 izes, ~24 hss, 1. (i etn ES Th a ig Teak will empey the turk im (Sromn (1) de (2) ) salnutes (1) Q = 9 maine . Quicker Approach : "The file aces 2 bes more. = th Keak empios im 10s oat the filer Fis in 8 bes, 2 > The Hak erypies in 10 es Les (since filer fis in 8 be. > The leak rapes fill ank in 10 bs. ‘Direet Formula : Tee it empyin 2-2 4,500 | : QUICKER MATHS Note : The above formula is the same as 7S Because it can also be gxt 10-8 14, Pipe x remains opened throughout for 18 minutes. | Written a3 = 40 his. 183 : . x fills wa 4 of the tank in 18 minutes. The remaining + of the tank is filled By y in . 32 ; = 8 minutes. Hencé y will be closed after 8 minutes. 15. Solve i¢by the same method as in Q. 9.TH! Time and Distance Formulaé . - ~ Distance 4) Time = Distance 0) Speed = Time 0) Tame = Seed (ii) Distance = Speed Time . , m (iv) ff the speed of a body is changed in the ratio a:b, then the . -Tatio of the time taken changes in the ratio b:a. (x kawhr= [: x i] m/sec, (vi) x metres/se0 = ( x 3 evr, Ex 1: Express a speed of 19 lan/hr in metres per second. Solu: 18 fentr=|18 x | msec = $ metres/sce, Ex 2: Express 10 m/sec in km/hr, Soin : tomes [05 a kav. = 36 kan/hr. heorem : ia certain distance is covered.atx laathr and the same distance is covered at 'y kandhr then the average speed during the whole jourtiey is = fomethr: xy > y = Proof; Let the distance be A kin. ‘Time taken to tavel the distance ata Speed of x kv/hr = 4 hrs. Time taken to travel the distance at 2 speed of y lon‘hr = Shs. Thus, we see that, the total distance of 2A kn is tavelled in of] brs. zoypesoz ‘quicker mars average speed = 24 = 240 _ 28 on, Ee Pe Aces) ey xy Bx3: A man covers acertain distance by car diving 70 kev and be ‘Tetum hack to che sterting point ida ona aoooter st 55 kav Find his average speed forthe whole joumey. 70 55 Sotn : Average spond = SS tant = 61.6 kav Ex 4: A man covers coin distance between his house and office on soooter, Having an average speed of 30 Kawi, he is late by 10 ‘mip. However, vith a speed of 40 kan, he Teaches his office 5 ‘min easier. Find the distimce between tis house and offies. ‘Soin : Let the distance be-xkm. “Time tken to cover km at 30 kre = “Tie taken to cover kan a¢ 40 r= 3 bs. Dit eves Boe hen = 1S i= 1 Time and Distance 508 x. 6: A boy walking at a speed of 10 awh reaches his sctioo! 15 ‘minutes late. Next time he incteases bis speed by 2 kh, bat ‘il he slats by 5 minutes. Find te distase of his school from his Bouse, Soln : Elec, the difference in time = 15 -$= 30 ranutes. =" hours. =H ho Missed ing es joey = 10-2 ~ 12h reaped distance = 12 10km 2 x. 7 A boy goes te school ata speed of 3 rw and retums tothe ‘illige ata speed of 2 knihr Ihe takes 3 Fs ih al, what 5 the distance between the villoge and the school? Salm : Let the eequired distance be km. ‘Then time taken during the first journey — 3 hn. ‘and time taka dig the second journey = hr, = 5e=30. Baa fo tee 30 or r= 90 once, the required distance is 30 km. Direct formul Required distance Product oF 60 92208. piefrence Bonveen rival Ditlencs of two speeds“ D* "Fas inthis cae, the required distance 30x40 1045 204M, 145 204m, 0-9 6 [Noter 19 nainates late and 5 rainates earlier make a difference of 10+ 15 minutes. As the other units are in lvl, he diffrence in time shouldalse be changed into hoers. Bs. 5: A man walking with a spoud of § km reaches bis target $ minutes Int. IF he walks ata speod of6 kami, he reaches on time. ‘Finu the distance of his target ow his honse. ‘Soln : This is stallar 9 Po 4. Here the difference in time is $ minutos 526. 5 only. Thes required distance: $ jan=2.5 em tale taken » PED ofthe epaeds_ Mal time taken Son ofthe Fvo specks X.8 + A mowor ear dovs ajournay in 10 fs, the Hirt hatfat 21 ave andthe second half st 24 kunt Find tho distance. ‘Soin : This question is similar to Ex. 7, ut we can't use the diect ‘oreul (used in Ex. 7)in thiscase. [Ewe use the above frzmul, we get half ofthe distance. (But why 7) See the detailed method fest, Let the ditence be x ken.soa QUICKER MATH on nieveataspeed of khan anatase 24k “Thor neato cave eae joey so tatag: tbs De then ore 24 kam ‘Direct Forsmata : 2s Tite 281 § fers Speed ding fest tlt and Speed dong send ht of ousy Distance — Where, 8) 8 2s wat eae Bivag atk Note: Am absurd soln: Sometaespoople think that os half of tha joumey wes covered ata speed of 21 kmhr sn dstaroe coverod ‘ring hath the joomey = 28 10 + 2)=21 = 5 — 105 kin And silly ho second hal itance=24 x 5 (20 ken ‘oul distance = 105+ 120= 125 kn, But rember that alto the jumaey means hall ofthe Aistancs and not the time, Th wer above solution is dan Ea. 9; The distance ietveen two sation, Del and Arras, 0 fom. tein stony ot 4 pon, tow Del and moves towants Amana at a average speed of 60 Kav. Avother tan saris fiom Amwitsa at 3.20 pan. and moves towares Delt ai on average seed of kar, Fox ar rom Dell will she woes anect and atwhot te? Soin Suppose the ttios meet ala distance oF xk fom Delhi, Let te ‘nus fin Deth and Amrisse be A and Brespectively: Then, [Time token by B to cower (450. x} hem | 2 Distange= a ~ [Time ten by A to sover an) 82, ge note} #0 0 30 an a USC te= 160 = Lt we a0, Tine ard Distance . 0s 2s ete tata 94 i fo Dah Titans amen (he Be So, the tains met at 6.50 pm. Note | RUS: 00pm. = 3.20.1, =40 minutes 0 Bw [LMS comes from she fact ft the unis front Amritsar tock 40) ‘mites more travel up fo the meeting poet because ut had stared ie journey 213.20 pan. whores the tran ftom Delis hed sorted ts journey. at ps. and the meeting tiie i the same for Both the trina, 2 10; Voting al ot pos sinc hs ‘office, Find his usual tims ta cover the distance. Solm : 186 usual ine be rin. Thos at uu spe fama) min (for Ge) under 4, £ = x= Mmin frre > £- 1053-30 Direet Formula + Usa die = qh =f es0 minutes 1 ayn yoy 10 asning ois sl pea eos ptover ity 20 cites, Fn his vl tne cover the dist. Sola Thee similar fo Ex 10 bc ot excl the sme These, the ‘peat ntsc? audience the vin tered. Where wes sistorrositein a 10. ‘You shuld ty to slve tis qsson by debiled neti Direct forma forsechqueron i lg changod and gives eal ing = REA ys, ne 13 Note: Marthe chmge in he above two diet fom, FX: Two A ate 8 san fom aplaceP alin 3 kn and 3.5 Tam an eps. Mowat wl ey heap ae enor508 QUICKER MATHS Gifthey walkin opposite directions? (i ney walk in the same ditection ? ‘What time will they take to be 16 ke pert, (Gi) if they Welk in apposite dirsetions? Gu) ay walkin the same direction? i) When they walk in oppesite directions, chey will be (3+ 3.5) ‘0°65 km spat in one hoor ‘required distance =63 x 3 (a) When they walkin the same direction, they will be (3.5 3° (005 km apart ince hoe sesqited distance = 05 < 3 1.3 km (Gi) They are 6.5 ke apart in Ln, 2 vere time = 25.» 25 te, (iv) They 21¢ 0.5 km apuet in th, requir ime = 9S. = 33 bs Bx. 13: A train Gavelling 5 lan an jour aves Delhi at 9 a.m, and nother tain traveling 35 km an Bur tas at pm. inthe same direction, How many km ftom Delhi wil they be together ? ‘Sola: The frst tan hasa sar of 25 § kan and the second rai gains (85 -25) 0c 10 km per hour, Bx te secon wil in Som in 228 or 12 Lh. «termi mea! 35 hme 87s A Diveet Formula : you can remember the direct caloulating formals, iWimay be mor: belpfil, "Mesting points distance fiom staring point ‘Six 82. Difference in ime Difference m speed where Sr and $2 are the specs of the first and the Sccood min 25us = pm, — Sum Reg. distance = 2538. @pam. - Summ.) 35-25 2535 05 10 Sol Tinowdece son be Ms twee dana ano a ee 2 3 La meeeekGe fratka dare metic wonuTtark Raden fom Pot samme tar ead ane: PO Ros ee ae Tne Sota ion haw me as an godtcne hom Pin Qi fn NRE cad ve ie 2 Heotieanan: Peavey FotBtm= Ish Ak Diret Forma When he aio of spends and eB hen in tice Disaso aveiy 4 - Datos of woo (55 ‘and distance travelled by B “Ts, distance tavelled by A (PAD) 2021 3) 344) an [hoo persons A and B tart at the same lime in opposite retions from two polis aud afer passing, each other 1 ‘compte the journeys in ‘aad hrs respectively. then A’sapoed: B's spécd = Nb Me [Ls the total distance be D kin ‘A's speed be x ani Bs speed be yw | _As they te moving in opposite directions, their relaive velocity s(t) ane. » “Tht they wil mest afer 7 Now, he dba travel by Ain hs508 QUICKER MatHs Pim An the distance tavelled by 2 in bes = QO. a+ way Now. pases the distance, 0, inane, ‘Therefore, his speed = aioe +e Siaialy 8 passes the distance, PO, ob bre ‘Theretne his speed 2% - me Bie Now, ratio of thar spec — Dp, Oe Dy be Gaye Oe oe Fa Dy fod y Gaye De a, Enka OPENS 3 ca £ wae 8 5 ‘hia thicen 1.181 Aun cu! oe Sm Dali Roi nt hme ‘ir aot sas om Rif ele Da sing eh ae te cone te mes in 3 Land tonsropeiely. inte dose nnd anoles fej at geo Eto enon ore Aan Beta pore ites fom ve pone and eae ue ne aah ipecively ater bay mes te A’stale : B’s rate = Vb:N7 (thom the theorem) ‘Thasin de sboveone lagers ate VE 7 xy a ed man's ae ~ SETS s 2 Dov man's ate =: “Time and ietence 09 Report of guns [Ex 16. Two guts were fired frum the some fae et an interval of 13 ‘minutes bata person ia 2 tain approsching the place ears the second report 2 minutes 30 zecond ater th fist. Figg the speed ‘ofthe ean, supposing that sound tavels at 30 matte pe scene, say to see thatthe distance travelled by the tin i 12 mn, {38 seconds could be iavelled hy sound in (13 nin. -12 min, 30 seconds =) 30 second, “tec vee 20> 29 ema 2b Sola I the speed of the tain per hour 330 30 2» 60 _ USE 3, 25 x 1000 25% AP kar. Ans Cacigs rig in fo, HETTA cmap dcvngice ogpanedaima vio wes waking a imc of3 koma oa ine edt le ald he Sarge urn va Vis iotin po se Fy, Wht were apeat oe crage? Sota Tessas y themes in mimi = 2720, =m mies Sina vet nyt cage ia ines tha 0) 00 meres, 4 Sona «peters 2 SS spt bea er boucam, Rx. 18,2 A monkey ties to abcond a greased pole 1 metres high. He ‘ascends 2 metres in fist inte sed slips dovra 1 anetze in the allecrate minute. 1+ rontiaues to ascend in this fashion, how long does he take- eh the top? ‘Solm : In every 2 minutes ois able to aasend 2+ 1 “2 mctre, ‘This way, he wscendsupio 12 meites beceuse when Neeacues al the top, he ‘docs not slip down, Thus, upto 12 macros he takes 12 ~ 2 24 tes und for tho lt 7 mettes ne akes | miute. ToereFore, be takes 24 + 1 = 25 minutes ro reack the top. That is, in 26th ‘minute be reaches the op.Bio QUICKER MATHS, ‘Ex. 192 Two runners cover the ume distance atthe rate of 15 kan and {I6kmperhourrespectively. Find the distince wrevelled when one faze 16 minutes longer than the othes. Soln : Lat the distanes be x km, Time ake byte Rest nener = Time take by the second runner = 55 hrs #16 Now, Bi = 18 on, 1819.16 "15x16 rsx 66m Direct Formaula | 6 tance ‘Mtiplcaion of epecds vin moto caver the di ‘Didletengo of Speeds *PHFerence in time to cover the dis 15x t6 16 “16-15 *@ “OR Ex. 20: Twoears run to aplaceat the speeds. of 45 kaw and 6D krwhr ‘espectivey. Ifthe second car ikes 5 he less chun the fist for the journey find the leugth ofthe journey. ‘Soin : This example is similar fo EX. 19. The only difference ig that in ‘Bx. 19, ono takes longer time than the erher but in Bx, 20, one takes shorfer time than the other. It hardly maters because bod are different forms of the same statement, "Ono takes 5 hrs Fest ‘than the hee" means the seuond takes 5 hrs moze Ga the first to reach the destination, So tae sbove direct formiala wesks in thisease also. sistance = B= 28 nan takes & hours to walk to certain place and ride buck. ‘Howover, kacouldhave gained 2 hrs, ifhehad covered both ways by siding. Mow long would he hve taken to walk both waye? Sola Walking time + Riding time = 8 hrs —-~ (1) 2 Riding time=8 «2 = 6 bry mem (2) x2 Tine and Distance an 2x (1)- (gives the result 2x walking times 28 -6=10 he. oth ways walking well take 10 hrs. Quicker Approach : Two ways ring saves a time of 2s, It simply ‘means that oste way riding takes 2 hrs less than one way walking. It fimthermeaus that one way walking takes 2 hrsmorethan one way riding. both way walking will tee 8-+2—10 brs. ‘Therefore, direct formula Both way walking = One way walking and one way riding time + Gain it ee 1b. ‘Ex. 22 Aman takes 12 hrs to walk to certin place and ride back. However, ifhe walks both the ways he needs 3 Ive mate. How Fong would he have taken to tide both Suga? Soin : Quicker Metho: Roquiced tine 12-3 = 9 hrs. "Note: The approsch forthe quicker method iasiir wo that of Bx. 21. ry todefineit. J Bx, 23: Two tains for Pana jeave Delbiat 10am. and 10.30 an. and 1 eravel at 60 vr and 75 knw respectively. How many kilome- tres from Delhi will the :wo tins be together? Sola: Use the direce formula used in Ex. 13. 0x75 {cling points distance 30 an = 10a Meeting poi SE (0.20 am-10 an) 3) 150m. Note Bx. 23, Bx 19 and B3 20 ero senlar Bo You agree? Yes, you mast ‘gre with it Bx. 23 can be rowltten ax: "Two tins aves Delhi at spexcs of 60 kane andl 75 kar ‘espectively. The faster rain takes 30 minutes (10.30 £0) les to meet ‘he slower one: Find the disance navelled ky them to meet each other" ‘This form of the above example is the Same az Ex, 20 oF Ex 19. That vs why we have used tho samo dizeet Formulae ia all the cases ofl. 19, Fe 2andEx23. {Bx.24: A man loaves a point Pat 6 am. and roaches tho point Q at 10 ‘ain, Another man leaves the point Q al 8 a.m, and reaches the poiat Pat 12:noon. Atwhat time do they meet? ‘Soln sc the distance PQ = A kn. ‘And they meet x his after the frat man star,52 QuickeR MATHS Avecage speed of frat rr Average spad of second man = —4— Distance aveled by fist man: ‘They moet healer the fest mun sats, Tse seound man, 25 he stots hrs lave, mest after (¢-2) is ftom hia stat. Therelor, shed tava the end man = 445.2 No A= ag en2e- 2. fore 3 hn “Tey meet st 6am, + 3s = 9am. (Quicker Approael : Since both the persons ake ecu time of 4 hrs to cover the distance, their meeting time willbe exactly inthe middie ‘of 6a. and 12 noon, fat 949. ‘But what happeus when they ‘ake diferent times? In that ease, 18 following formal works good, They wllmeeest sss tari ime 4 inte takea by fst) nds seival time — L's starting ue] Sun offime tken by Bath = 6am + £10.29 ~6.100412.00 ~ 600) (19.90 ~ 60) + (12.00 800) ‘This formate is mote useful in the following exaraple, Ba.25¢A train aves Patnast'Sa.n,andreaches Delhiat9a.m Another tenis. leaves Delhi al 630 an, ard reaches Pama at £0 ama. At ‘whattime do the two taina moot? Seln : By Direct Formala ‘They wilt most at= 5 am, + C202 S00K10.00 = 5.00) ftmestat 2.00 — 5.00) + (10.00 — 6.20) Time ane Distance ea =Sem+4*3 inom sam, e22 aun. nso AES ea sarn + 22h 790 Nate: (1009-0.)=930~33 bs 2.e4 4.26: Apeaon ato covers dice 80 kn 1. oot Ia ort jouroy n> en, whol bes sp cover fren anes in tae et? Son: Let aines=s0 12) =a9 en H(i vei ect" 10 hoa 27 Apesoncantrs siren nnn i sts ped (of 45 im per bour onan average. Find the sed uf which ie nust Fun to reduce the time of jourmey to 30 minutes. Time lt Speed and tine taken are inversely prapastional Therefore, 5\ 7) = Sx Tr = $273 Where 51.82, 8). are the speeds 2nd 71, TT. are te tne taken ta travel the same distance “Thus i this case; 45x 40= 52530 sx. 28: Witna soy soppage aban travel acrid at am overage sped of # kp ant 3s stoppages Seco he ssi dots at a sverage sped of hgh How ey minus pes hoor dee fe stp?| : Soin Lettho tol dsance hes kon Tip taken atthe pee f 80th 2s, Tins taken a te mpc 0 nt 2s De oo «a0 240 rerota-inste QUICKER MATHS his est perhour= => + = 240° 60 240 ‘us, ~ 1S minutes. ByDi Dilkenes of peat = A Ex. 29: A ran travels 360 lcm im 4 hrs, partly by aic and partly by train, het ea ey ya, sol iat ae fhe tine he was in tain and wonld have gatived athis destination 2 hours early. Find the distance he tava by arn tain. 4 ne 15 mimes soins of len tain Zou 1 Tal tein ein 25. ~ Se, ‘oeline spain $ = ‘By the given hypothesis, if 360 km is covered by air, then time taken is (4-2=)2 hes. han et ini den coved wa = 222-27 Dina covery t= 360-270 = 0, ¥s.10;A-m isc cotndete oie ah 025 ka a hour and walked back atthe rate of 4 kan por tour, The while {Jeurney took S hours ard 48 minutes, What distr. i Be ride? Soln : et the distance be x ki “Thea time spent in journey by tin = 2 hs, at epnt in jmey bp waking “Time ane pistance ats Divect Formuls Distance = Tota ume « agi, 84 OD Bond on yed 5" 8 ‘Note : This example is ¢lfereat from Fx 19, Lx 20 and Bx 23 because thee total tinte curing both iypes of jouiney is given Whereas in theprevious examples the diferencein time between both type= ‘ofjeuiney wera given, And accordingly the denominator iadiret Toma 1s changed, Marc the dlference carefull apd iy to understand the re360n. Otherwise, 1 will create 2 confusion deng practice time, 1x. 31¢ Dae teoplane started 9 mites tran the eed ie “hom a lice 1500 kin say frou ils destinstion, To zeaeb the destination atthe sehedule tine te plotad oinease the speed ‘oy 254 er. What was faespec of Ubcaeroplane perboue dering Seer sot: il ted: Lettie xan sent case these 2 = asp 1500 [x +2) = 1s00% mb) sa a50 . L Ed ox 79 -2809(0 + ousted ona tx-6=0 orp2x t4x- 3-6-0 sr (ds 2) 1203)516 QUICKER waTHs Chats te aes 3 ies invoraiete Ts orp =, icra coat Ince inal 4 a0 t sn i we 3 se : v0 $e sinmyp te sven inkcration in wo colunns as evn above, ‘he toln js eontowed until we get the we mlios sich that tee ress pedo give the diskane between the pein, Ths, we fad ous answer a nthe of ot arth piensa we speed of 750 kev te plane takes? be.” ‘Therefore, nozmal speed i 750 kaw ie Bx. 32: Anacroplanesavted oo hour ater tha fe sabes ime from place 1200 kin away finn is destination. To reach te destiny sion atthe schedsled time the pilot had wo incesase dhe sped by 200k. What wasthe speed ofthe seraptane pet hout a noel Sins Lesser time Terease in Speed 7 206 2 : aco 3 00 Tous, the noma imeis 3 hte and nena spec is 405 fant ‘EX. 35 8 aim was late by 6 minwios. Tho driver increased ite peed by 4 kev, At the next station, 36k away, the toi teaeled on tine. Find the oxiginal speed of tie (ein ‘Sols if yousolve this questonby detail method, you wll getaquadkslic ‘quaion. But with the help of ihe above-discessed ‘eh i ‘newomes very easy to selve the question. ‘Time and Distance sw Lesser ie Increase n speed a Akmihe tot 2 8 0 + 2 19 2 6 %0 i ” “Thus, the nora speeds 36 kev. Hx. 3M2 When a man reavelsoqual distance at speeds Vy and V2 kav, bis averveespeui is farvhe. Butwhen be travels at these speeds for cqual times his average speed i 4S kar. Find the di frence, of the two speeds Soln : Detail method : Suppose the equ distance =D kan ‘Thou te taken with ¥) and V3 speeds are D cal fa yh days be repectively, _ Total distnce 2 song ee wt ve AVUN2 Lg ihe Vieve a2 Ie svond case, avengy speed = Y!2Y2 45 xovr ‘That is; Vi + V2=9 and Vi V2= 18 Now, (81 — Va)" = V1 4 Va)? -4ViV 2 BheT2=9 Vi ¥2=J ini Direet Formula Vy Va = NEEDS = 3 koe Note: Vou may be asad 1 tnd dhe ie speeds, Find teat Ex. 38: A perm travels for 3 rs atthe speed of 40 km and tor 4.5 bisa the spocit oC 60 krvt. At the end of i, he finds thet he haswa cen Mars civ te lac Atha erage pale luavel to cover the remining distance ia ns? Sala : Total disianee covered in (3-+4.5) hrs 540-445 5 60 = 300 i, ow ae of he ae 90 5 3 «. Pofthedistmce= 2. 2ofthedt 300 x5 22 260km average speed forthe rersaning distence 2 astm ie oa Teng pu feng tae vain-pnery yt] hess ants( So 7 = 4 3902 AE 665 kav, 16x. 36 Ha iGo 20 mrcutes to walk 3m. 1FShyzar is 20% fasts than “Lars, how muel tise wil he take te cover the sume distence? ‘Soln : Before going for the Solution we should discuss «generalised: anula which aay be use Foc some mre simila exe. ‘Ramo, walking atthe tate of Si kr, takes ¢) hours to cover a clistonee. Shyam, walking al the inte of Sp kr, sabes 2 hows toowverthe save distance. Then, Sih, > Site—Distance of, Sia = Sat = Constant ‘Thus we see ther both speed an time ate inversely propor tonal to cack other. Thetis ft speed increases io tres, the tinder sn Sst lingo (a) IF-A® cakes 8 tes to cover a distance and "8" is Four times fast than “Avthen wiatsime wil "B" take to cover the seme distance? We tave $35) =S2t 2 Sin aasity 3 p= k = 2h a (8) IFA takes § Is te cover a distance und he is 4 times faster hun B', thea what tee wil ‘Ble ts caver thesame dislanse? Time and Diets sia wenave, Sitt = 82k -2 482 ase (0), ls cheer that is 4 tomes slower, 9 he will tke 4 limes the time take by A 46) IF°B" is 20% foster than ‘A’, then what tion willbe tae 10 Atavel Ui distance which "A? aves in 20 minutes? ves tavates mt (ties rin et i a eA ira bose sa See alas hse wt? mo eGo oc eine ial 25 se 4 etn a nevi oon esate 2 ee eat osc Taine iw ‘Again, 7 Tom 2 2 shoe (Ghee 13s ines 19 548) 36049004360 5 = 120. be caer “Spal ofain= 3120-60 Clee Mat range oma he Soe me Hone Diane 4sstm Dk hm 3 > :

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