ESTIMATING AND COSTING METHOD II known as centre line method sum-total tre Line Method. —In this method $ e meth tot lines of walls long and short, has to be found out. Find the total length of centre | same type, long and short having same type of foundations and Footings and then ities b vr vine the total centre length by the respective breadth and the ti quantities by multiplying same for excavation in foundation for concrete in foundate all footi i ratrueture (with slight difference when there are cross walls or nu ae in method quick but requires special attention and consideration at the meeting points of partition or cross walls, etc. For rectangular, circular polygonal (hexagonal, octagonal, etc.) buildings having no i cross walls, this method is quite simple. For buildings having cross or partition walls, for junction of partition or cross walls with main walls, special consideration shall have to be mi find the correct quantity. For each junction half breadth of the respective item or footin deducted from the total centre length. Thus in the case of a building with one partition wall o wall having two junctions, for earthwork in foundation trench and foundation concrete deduct breadth of trench or concrete from the total centre length (half breadth for one junction and « breadth (2% 4 = one for two junctions). For footings, similary deduct one breadth of footing two junctions from the total centre length, and so on. If two walls come from opposite directio: and meet a wall at the same point, then there will be two junctions. For building having different types of walls, each set of walls shall have to be dealt separate! Find the total centre length of all walls of one type and proceed in the same manner as descr above. Similarly find the total centre length of wallls of second type and deal this separately, and: on. In the case of a buil ting having different type of walls, suppose the outer (main) walls are of type and inter cross walls are of B type, then all A type walls shall be taken jointly first, and then Btype walls shall be taken together separately. In such cases no deduction of any kind need be mac for A type walls, but when B type walls are taken, for each junction deduction of half breadth o! type wall (main wall) shall have to be made from the total centre length of walls. It may be noted that at corners of the building where two walls are meeting no substraction¢ addition is required. When there are number of footings, the length of the first footing is to be determin: deducting half breadth of footing per junction from the total centre line length and then the of the subsequent footing can be obtained simply by adding one offset of footing i.e, 5 cm for Junction to the length of the previous footing. The examples 3(a), 4(a) and 5(a) which have been solved by i (a), yy method | in the previou have been shived again under examples 3(b), 4(b) and 5(b) in the following pages, by metho! | illustrate this method. These illustrations will make this method quite clear. Z Note.— Student should practice method I first and when inted wit they h s acquainted with method I, then only they should take up the method Il. become Example 3(b).—Estimate by centre line method the iti 7 5 a uantit it one room balae Fe 2-3 prexemple 3a (page 31) —( Earthwork a ae fe ‘oncrete in foundat i i } k a spesitractac! tion, (3) Brickwork in foundation and plinth, and (4) BrieMETHOD OF BUILDING ESTIMATE h of walls = AB + BC centre lengt fe foundation trench plan. Total Fig. 28 represents 1h rahe total centre length is multiyied ty pebreadth andthe depth WC B91 quantity 7 cavation. By doing so We Brahwork in eX e “tain portion twice and leave an equal si this does not affect the quantity ofexcavation = AB* 90em ‘eggem - BC 50cm 90em * CD XI0em e Suasiis DA 7190 cm % 90/cm. Ki mey be Sh jeed that the portions P.QR and S narited with double hateh fines come twice mage the portions K,LM,N left blank do 108 eat a all, but these portions being equal in covpnitude, we get the correct quantity. ‘The quantity -the same principle applies to foundation cot ‘e wall and superstructue wall. “cD+ DA=S 30 + 4.30 + 5.30 4.30 crete, footings, plint Fig. 2-8 DETAILS OF MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATION OF QUANTITIES (Ex: 30) Tem] Description of Height No. | Items No. |Length Breadth] or _|Quantity} Explanatory notes Depth 1. | Earthwork in excavation in foun- dation | 1 {19.20 m) 90m] 90m) 15.55 | Total cents lengit of all cum walls = 19.20 m 2. | Conerete in founda- tion "| 1 |i9.20m{ 90m} 30m) 5.18 cum 3. | Brickwork in / foundation and plinth \ / Istfooting | 1 {19.20 m) 60m 30m| 3.46 Ind footing = | 1 |19.20m) 50m) 30 m 288 Plinth wall 1 {1920 m) 40m| 60m) 4.61 Total | 10.95 cum 4, | Brickwork in super- structure | 1 {19.20 m| 30 m}3.50m| 20.16 | Door and window open- cum. | ings, lintels, etc. to be a deducted. Nola The above may be compared with the solution by method I given in page 33.ESTIMATING AND COSTING Example 4(b).— Estimate by centre line method the quantities of the following items of. roomed building Fig. 2-6 Example 4a (page 35)— wy (1) Earthwork in excavation in foundation, (2) Lime concrete in foundation, (3) |, ce brickwork in cement mortar 1:6 in foundation and plinth, (4) 2.5 em e.c. damp proof course. (5) Ist class brickwork in lime mortar in superstructure. ang In this problem there are two junctions of the inter wall with the main wall. x ¢. to. ¢. of long wall + 3 xc. toc. of short wall, Total centre length of wall % 10.60 + 3 x 6.30 = 40.10 m Fig. 2-9 represents the foundation trench plan. Fig. 2.9 Thus the quantity of earthwork in excavation — = [Total centre length—(2 x 4 breadth)] x breadh x depth. = (40.10-2x 4 x 1.10) x 1.10 * 1.00 = 39,00 x 1.10 * 1.00 = 42.90 cu m. Th inci i cA beatae urine! to foundation concrete, to footings, plinth wall and superstructu® be made per junction (i cr ea rote ear wall at that particular level shall have? Ae \ctions) 2 centre length after deduction shall be multiplied by the respective tate meet ad tis get quantities. readth and the height or depth!” The estimate of the quantities of this Example 4(b) is as follows:METHOD OF BUILDING ESTIMATE a DETAILS OF MEASUREMENT AND CALCULATION OF QUANTITIES (Ex. 4b) item] Particulars of ] Height No. | tems .|Length Breadth or |Quantity| Explanatory notes | Depth L 1. | Earthwork in | excavation in foun- dation 2. | Lime concrete in foundation 3, | Ist class brick-work in 1:6 cement mortar in foundation and | plinth— Istfooting 2nd footing... { 3rdfooting —.. Ath footing... Plinth wall above | footing 4. | Damp proof course |2.5eme.c. | Deduct door sill... 5. | Ist class brick-work | in lime mortar in | superstructure Deduct door, window, shelve openings and 1 [39.00 m} 1.10 m| 1.00 m| 42.90 cum | | 30m} 12.87 | cum 139.00 mj 1.10 m 1 [39.30 m} 80m} 20m} 6.29 1 39.40 m| 70m] 10m) 2.76 1 [39.50 m| 60m} 10m} 2.37 ‘otal centre length = 40.10 110 L=40.10-2% = 39.00 m L same as above. L=40.10 -2« 89. = 39,30m L=40.10 - 2 29. = 39.40m 1. [39.60 m} 50m] 10m] 1.98 | L=40.10-2« $9. = 39.60m 1 39.70 m| 40 m| 80m] 12.70 | L=40.10-2* $9- = 39.70m Total | 26.10 cum 1 9.70 m} 40m) — | 1588 | L=40.10- 2x42 = 39.70m 2 {120m} 4om| — | 0.96 ‘Net 14,92 cum 1 {39.80 m| 30 m| 4.20 m| 50.15 1] Same } as per detail in page 37 4.40 Net | 45.75 cum 0.10 2x 39. = 39.80m Deduction to be made as usual, Note.— The length of 2nd footing can be obtained simply by adding lem (ie, 25cm) to the Jength of the Ist footing. the length of 3rd footing by adding 10cm to the length ofthe 2nd footing and so on. This may be compared with the solution by method I worked out in pages 36-37. x50 ESTIMATING AND COSTING Example 5(b).—Estitnate by centre line method the quantities of the followin, residential building, Fig, 247 of Example Sa (page 38). a (1) Earthwork in excayation in foundation, (2) Lime concrete in foundation, (3) Figg, NEP brickwork in 1:6 cement sand mortar in foundation and plinth, (4) Damp proof course. and (5); class brickwork in lime mortar in superstructure. item, Total centre length of all 30 cm walls (same type) of main rooms = Total centre length of walls of drawing and left side bed room + Total centre length of yy bed rooms right side = (2x. toc. length of long wall + 3 *c. to c. length of short wall) +(2Xc. toc. length of long wall + 2c. to c. length of short wall) x 10,60 + 3 x 5.30) + (2 * 9.60 + 2% 4.80) 37.10 + 28.80 = 65.90 m. | | B | L fi ___ Number of junctions for these walls is 6 marked ‘x’ in the plan Fig. 2-7, page 38 and allt, | Y junctions are with main walls of 30 cm. : le | Total centre length ofall 20 em walls (same type) of front verandah, back verandah and bs | room 3 = (c. toc. length of front wall + c. to c. length of side wall) + (c. to c. length of back verandz | long wall including bath + 2 x c. to c. length of cross walls of bath room) ‘ = (9.65 + 2.25) + (9.65 + 2x 2.75) = 11.90 + 15.15 = 27.05 m. | ‘Number of junctions of these wall is 5 is marked ‘+* and one is. marked *-"in the plan Fie.? page 38. Five junctions are with main walls of 30 cm and one junction with similar wall of 20 em: ‘See page 39 for centre length of different walls. The estimate of the different items by centre line method is as féllows —METHOD OF BUILDING ESTIMATE Trem] Particulars of Height | No. | Items No. |Length|Breadth} or | \Quansity| Depth | 1. | Earthwork in exca- vation in foundation — Wall of main room (six junctions). 90 m| 1,00 m| 56.88 Gjails of verandahs’ | | [6%20m) 90m) 100m including bath (five and onejunctions)...! | J94.50 m) .60m| 50m] 7.35" “Total 2. | Lime conerete in foundation — ‘Walls of main rooms: w+ | TE [63.20 m] .90m]| 30m] 17.06 | Walis of verandah Ca tee! 1 [25.50 m} 60m] .20m | I] Total | 20.12 \ cum 3. | Ist class brick-work | in foundation and plinth in | : 6 t cement mortar — ‘Walls of main i rooms — i Istfooting | 4 64,10 m} 60m] .20m| 7.09 2nd footing) | {64,40 m) 50m] 20m) 6.44 Plinth wall above footing s-| 1 (64.70m)_ 40m) 90m, 28.29 Walls of verandah and bath — a 1-1 [25.85 m| .40m| .20m| 2.07 Plinth wall above footing 1 25.90m) .30m| 70m] 5.44 Total | 44.93 Lum Explanatory notes 1765.90 - 6 « 2b> 63.26m L same as above. (Minus hail b: Junction at the sane ieve)) roargn 6x82 64.100 64.40m Lossy Uenet. sets snent Toons aie. Hts. obtained b3 adeug tS Bem tot. preven footing). = 25.90 mESTIMATING AND COSTING 32 lars of Height Quantity| Explanatory not 7 Item| Particulars o adth} or |Quantity Notes No. | Items No. | Length [Bre Depth 4. [25em Damp proof course DE 1 [64.70m} 40m] — | 25.88 |L same as for plinth y, rooms = . | Verandah pillars ...| 4 | 050m) 30m) — | 0.60 | | total of Bagom orstel | |730m) 30m 249 |L=(2.20+2%.15)+2, | Total | 2867 |(975_40_30).,, Deduct door 7 sills “ Same | as per [detail in page | 43 3.91 | Details of deduction as, Net | Total | 24.76 sqm 5. | Ist class brick-work in superstructure in lime mortar— Walls of main rooms 165.00 m) 30 m}4.00m| 78.00 | 1.=65.90 - 6 x-30= 651 Walls of verandah and bath (as solid)| 1 |26.20 m| .20m 305m) 15.98 | L=27.05 — 5 x30_ 1 xd = 26.20 m Total | 93.98 Deduct openings and lintels Same | as per detail in] Details of deduction 2s Pages | 44-45 27.40_| usual. Net | Total | 66.58 cum