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    I&CAD_CIVIL ENGINEERS HAND BOOK

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    54 views97 pages

    I&cad - Civil Engineers Hand Book

    Uploaded by

    Rupesh Chowdary

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    © All Rights Reserved
    Download as PDF or read online from Scribd
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    Chapter-9 IRRIGATION si races aon ans 10 1972) Sietpes oer CoG br mo eps) Mow ey CaP Deo ties Cans Crna canal Cen Pemeste cr! les Seog ser Ca Fray tose Reset Carel toca Sued say on son bua Coonan terry ess on an cas Doone Gee canag wor arse : run Sea Desn Pace eqaemer ato tealard Hac Soncteston rigaton Engineering 34 DISCHARGE CALCULATIONS S44 (1) Wels: (Clear over a o=cuns Where Qi Discharge on weir in cumecs. Le Length ef wert motes Ho Head over weirs metes. C= 184or shar erat (or ici ft) 1.71 fr broad rest (or notch ye reuito) 1.40 or broad ret rush oseape) 95.1 (2)(a) Discharge fora drowned weir Sonera Formula (20)6, Lf BE Iona) 00921 1. cy 24 TTT P3) 101. L(hehay #2 -fha)22 48. cyanea) 171L L(ohay 8 (ha) *2}6 1.94 Cat sha) ks) nor epresens he known diorence of water ieve between kort and eat ‘lth we h'= hed due to weocay of approach ether gauged or terse Kran epth of ial water cor crest. Difeen valves of Care gen in CTs Nasarate. tates th ctobar, 1971 for vous depts o a water and eagyam ded ther In Matiour Grapt oF una) (C1 = 0.577 FPS inte above orm, ep ota watarin rts wie 1.60 80m 210m 240m 300m 320m 34.3 200) 8 25 Vas of G2 Fs rr) Ks oan 0342 ee ane Dave D497 bor cc (FPS/uKs) 190 246 270 208 312 ees tn 173 Noto: C, FPS x 5018 «©, FPS K.O5S21 =C, MKS oaks) = © (FPS) x 05521 Discharge Formula +X B1XD % Bt» Clear Throat wish D= UISTEL crest vel rowing Ratio (8) = UBSTEL creat va = Coetient depending upon downing ati. Forintormessat alos, x 100 feigaon Enginesring read the Malpur graph and convert to MKS system 32 MODEL STUDIES on ionee SND pannagg a ee Cem TEN) opmmmemy 3142) Ateraily Q=rCLN3 or Drowning Rao Maths {= depth of ro tl water ovr crest n= dept of (U8) rot water vor crest Valves of Suomersion rao dh Vale ofr From 0.00% 0720 1.000 07 0985 076 O97 o7e 2.965 080 0950, oz 0940 one 960 ae ‘960 087 80 ae ‘0.950 090 Osis 092 0760 094 720 096 eo 038 0520 0.985 0300 42 Types of Wore 4. Clear over fal wth cree width pt 3 Discharge Formulae cin MKS General a=cuns = 10834428 (FPS) 1.040 Were 0 « Max food dcharge in cuseos L=Longt of woiin serene cree) va 2. Sepa an 7 imation ge a Cnn 5 Sundar igh Cot ws e-aror wow? 201 (inte cope} €.Ogee-Weir or High Coston wack Q9.981.0.1 rH) "2.20 Where's the no. fend contacions which i usualy 2 143 Canal Regulators erence in Water eves indi waterway may bo £010 60% of cana to prevent excessive ata Arete equation or intrnt da (0) of pipe, i= [00104 + (0.0002806 Di) 302 PASTOR vaRaus Zoe Levene 'D = mean vooay of water trough sie 29.2. Regulators and barages(Rutimann’s formu): = 29 CLe 9 sha) 9° -ra 92) + CLe H ya tiahal for submerged wor Ue eftectve width of egutor numberof spans X span wth (N.S) H = als eoptn of water over erst © = Coote = 0.5 or sharp pointe pers =0.90 for piers with square edges wesc i eae a6 gation Engineering SLUGES: =can & {= Discharge through suices in cumecs A ata of denen Sar = Dieranc in wale love Boeenuptiear and down seam in mis © = 250 br smal epuator opening wih shaw water th 2.0 fr regulator opening upto 2m widh wh recessec in he pe = 220 or regulator aponing between 2m and 4m wn 12.70 or regulator openings above 4m wath (OPEN CHANNELS. a-ay, ‘here Q=Dischargoincumecs. 1A Area ol ow chant ZNtcty i enamel 9 S00. Ve (HinR 82'S (aning forma) Whare ® to =Wted preter) ‘$= Water sirfacelongtucnal slope oo bed slope) nan vier How) 1 = Fuge Coeteient 13.7 Composite ughnessfor canal sections (1) For dein he ema ugh th meta ste i i Wars ot wich wad pote Ps oP and colnet ough nese, tars ny aroun, Herey and ich auned teach patel he ae nesth ea mdr vey tc te sarees eae mene wy sol secon ey wegen On tbc anon th cael “Soc troupes hay be aay te bong eon Few) P Lngaton Engineoing Tan eer ee aaa ra ; For Won BanPro 0-(07.050xCck —_O-Dastagewnsee Cesta case eaten (0 Chanols aro designed tor day ivgaton only whete CCA less han 200, hectares (0, 12 houre wate per tay (9 Distsuten Channels: The max site of Held channels under an cute Should not exco68 25 o 0 Wes, Types Aton Vc n nvSa0 tnmain Cats 08 in Banc Carals 8 trae Datos ons Sal Deters oe Minor Datos Wate courses fot carats ous ‘lus ofr usin channels rina sas varius imum dacatges (0.0250 for discharge upto 3 cusecs 2 £1025 lor dcharge more tha’ uses and its 155 (9.0200 for discharge beyond 15 cusecs ve hen torre vecfas” Were © = cation, gation Engineering a 2+ vn + (2001558) oe ~ (MKS) Kuters Cm a Tiger oboe re v= Ruganty Cooticint 129 Canal Drop. 2) Dropmat wath, a= (05 “Se dopo war over silt 1+ 0.1524) 10 (05 6+ 0.2048) fn motes 8 = 109 wei mates by Dropwaltiom with = (44 3) “S= aeph of watr ove th 9 = Specie gravy othe wal maori Toneightol wali mets bps bottr win metres cy Wich of Noch t FSLW 4 d2, Wand darein motes we water over sit ston ant pier as top wo 4 the noma quench aon x24 2 (of 122.2 (04 whichever eter 1 Session nets {Siena apron in metros Ugitrene boteen US & DIS water leven mates «Bown stream sde apron with ‘Wet asderbed wh (Thickness apn lial esaatest fen at canal DS water lvein etos WL 8 darein mete td Bharein motes 9) pein US LYE SA psil-% 4b caged alae ees a0 Ieigaton Engrg Hy Rovwinent USO Ds or} whichever grat eh) ort muincheverve eter ‘depth of water eer eh mas. Desire watson Uw rst )=0.20 0 on dophelatrcason metas Gt depth tS eponin ete aterence between Ui and OS velo water mee 5 dont of water ovr sor och mon 3.10 (a) AFFLUX"MOLE'S WORTH FORMULA we Fe + 001825) [Cla 2-1) 786 stain eters ‘a eloety inmate's per Se. (nthe escrced water way) 1A Unestited wateraay 0 93 mets 3 Restictad wateneay 59, metes $:10(b) Ax Caleations (Gauthay and Du Bust ro) 20 = Hts Vagine ha) AZHLe, bu etlecivoly A Were ‘aon bolow regulator (eset water way “areal of regutor 185+ DO14/s for sharp edged por = Gear span 0.76 + 0.029); for sem oul cu water: an Inigaton Engineering = 070 + 0029/6, Fer square edged pirs 240, 696 Founey) a7 h=o77 140. =0800 1400100, = 100 as} Scoun DEPTH (@) Lacey's formula R= 1.046 (2/999 (UK) Thm Probaie normal scour depth in meters @—Sintenay of dscharge per meter run f Liaceys sitet = 1.76 md ‘nd “rean chameter of phred equivalent ‘artes ot bad materials In ma forvanes oF, See (8) ‘Scour factor generat ated for design of aprens ange 1. Upsveam pucca for 125A 175A 2. Downstream of pce Noor 175Rw225R. 5. Nose of gue banks 200RI 250K 44 Tansiton fom nage staightreach 1.25710 1758 5 Sinigh reaches of guidebans 1.0010 1508 (0) Lacey's formate R= 0473 (ano R=280¥4/ tor channels Were = Hydraule mean depth (m) Q=Totaldscharge mcumecs. 1 yest actor a prov a Inigaton Engineer ‘Channels in Earth -Desian aspgcre *12 (a Angeckimate hud mean depth (S.A Gicshan Dees, ‘A varyig between 0.6810 1.02, genealy = 0.70 00% Total charge in 1.42.10) Lacey euie mule (VK) 1OBGIR® 59 tor rver discharges 2°. v= (017 140) fer chan ety ft (te A hen ow Flees Silat See tbe gen 3.1.4 P= Wattod perimeter (m) _ ” tt ba gy ‘Mydiauife: mean depts (m) am 512. Mes equation on both Lecey and Kennedy ngaies:. Pe267 FRlogime test formula vew/Rs Skip formula S=0000se2182 / gs Fundamental form vers afin Or (FROM CBI PUBLICATION NO.20) on . Fine sit, Krehna western dota type ra ES ich 1.00 aa COETFICIENT OF RUGOSITY nN KUTTER'S FORMULA strane ‘2 ote tee roo! FPS) ~ Vas on ‘Region and ype oat FPS MKS ‘ria sandy (it on which ‘eredy made experiments) Sad bany sit ‘Goderar westrn data tne sit Kabra: wester dla fe rigaton Engineer = 130,100.90 V,, 1104, towards head reach and 0.90, towards tl ‘each y > 100 and Shove and3.9V, 18080, #t< 100 and boom, (The Creal velocity (Ve) for Goda ar Kesh Dota (COEManval Iigaton by COLWHElis) MKS. ‘SNe. Deseripion ‘real vary (v0) FP. Ms v=c0F Godavari Data oere reba Do osaae \V. mean =, alowabe = 1.11009, keeping higher values towards head reaches and lower ones towards OS, Values of (FPS) epancing onbed pave For Fine Sa tant Sanay sit Fine Sandy it, Standar Sit ght Coarte Sandy St Sandy Loam, Standard Sit Coarse Sa, Coarse Sand Sand ana Bay Sma ‘ay and rave Gravel 8 Boulders 13 LOSSOF HEAD SYPHONS unwir ormula (KS) he(1 41, 41,6 UR Vig LE Length otal R= Hydroule mean depth of barrel V=Maximom veloc through bated 505 for unshaped mouth, (CS of bareland .S.of mouth ae eam), orbeimauh, heoos 3.18. Irigaton Engineoring = Goeticiant orhead ove rough Bare whie fore ss eras (H85s a8 yya811 For amoath coment plaster planed wood 0.00316, ‘000s Aahlar or beck wore 00 070 Wher dis spite tim ‘Smooth ron pipe 0087 ‘0.028 : forencrstod Won ipo ‘0.02508 Rubble masory or stone pitting 0250 RCC Home oes 8010 = Specie gravity of masonry H = Heit of te Boy wal afm aia spiLuways ia)" Ogee weirer ign co-ticent wor Gr 398(L-0.1nH} n= Noo end conactns (general 2) Coordinates for Uni head on rest -(Slanard Crear Pre) ‘Spilage end height of free boa ee Uietace varia Uieaceweined as Caetments Lower Naps “UbpeNanpe Lover Nappe Upper Nppe wor epg) a Fos. ams oz over 2 ae 191025 Sales om aoe ‘689 2 25076 Sais oa, [a “aoe oe stove 78 Sao oan 600 ose 1.00 267 “080 0253 200 1310 ons 1470 40.860 301035t0n as 20 wii0 ino aSteadienen aoa 200 tho Sobor nae “Seno “4000 , to tora 450 18.540 41070. aie-T ARG Son HT iy eae Te 2 rumotooodnats a ererion of Us ce an hozonta ough op of Bio 10une 251020 0m? 5 1040um? 10 100m? Ieigaton Engineering a eT i 2-61 0H)%* Hin @=cumees Napoe acer fo dace Nod sortone to ead on ret im He = design head Feral hens conta ipo an he dsgn ads he nape ac fren toas ace per ose Sos () esas incnatiient of dacharae of ogee we de o submergence = C' LH in cunecs H=ws water depth over east D=ds water depth over cast Shei Satna nee g In cate of ooo wa, C willbe coatcon of dscharge fr the deignad ea, a8 = Inigaton Engineering 3.18 HYDRO POWER EVALUATION ‘Theoretical ouput - maxinum aaa PL=POH 175 metic hese power Where = Theoretical ouputin metre nore power Jn weight of water i Kpsm ow rough tbinesOumiSee lead avalatle nme Elective cut (ir mete Norse power) PreePte(eP/75)xaH phere, glory. or estimate urposes, assumed as 75% rata set hore power metic horse power = 0.9985 ka) ‘valle Hysto Power = 7.355 QM Kona, 36 VERTICAL LIFT GATES - suunces:: DISCHARGE COSFFICIENT PST auc ore CH. Maney Cel rgaton Engineering Digcharge ConticentorVrtea Sie gate, @=CLf 2oy, ore Q = Discharge UE Length of gato 1h CHa ot gate opening yy = UlsOaphhet tow 5 «Froude numbor ofthe ow trough the gate opening am or bot ee and submerge ow. y, shoul ‘Note:The orm af his equation it wt bo replaced bythe eflecve Head rte diterence batwocn U! 2:17 LOCATION OF SILLS IN OFF TAKE SLUICES: “The ight of th ss ofthe sices above tho bod lovel ot respecte parent Cana are tobe fd tom he abe gen boa ght al Sie above he bos ot patent anal when he patent canals Porcantage ot colts dacharge ‘oparent canal Disenarge 18 and above 07m “Te sls of haloes ‘ore 0 15% 07m should algo be xed such Seto 10% 35m ‘hat thoy got lower end Pato 020m lower aa the econ 195 102% atm 030m | goes towards the end ot ess han 05 876m — Osim | moors Diving head sould natbelssthan 15 em fo O.7S 7S em. fort pies. The heh ‘ofthe slit be radios etait are a te minimum dewing hea, 8118 (@) RELATIONS BETWEEN DIFFERENT EXPRESSIONS FOR DUTY OF WATER (One Main evbicteet Onecrefoto, 2acrelnches = 1e2cusec owing 24 hours ney (One acre por Ntiten cubic fet equivalent ete per cus as rp pr (basa) oH aye, PPOAIAEM 8 yo (One hectare-metre (ono meve dest on ans heciare a , cuseos cacharz towing oC, TMet capac Piscex nape Tmanms 2G; TM capct reser te pod rated (buy ot water: Fatenbatweon tise peroo diy and dota: ade 8688/0 (Ks) ee A= d= Death over inigated area (m) “ “an A =0-218/0 Wrete 0 = Duy inacies /Cusec: Be Base penad in days (5) PROW OF WATER COONVERSION TABLE: GneGusce | Cubic Foot [Cubievaré| Cubie Meters | Gatlons, Equivalent to rman | gee) te | ee 510000 497-1 Milo] 1318 Standards for Minor irigation Projects 1. viELD CALCULATION o ata tank st is elevated using Stange’ tbls. Based onthe topography anc ea thd Ory 20% ofthe average rc catchmerts are aseted as good, average staal consered forcomputaton othe ys ‘anal (che ealled he Mo {e} One where the average rainfall is less than 25°, i icose were iigaton water sed many ater be Monsoon for matuhg he 1 ook Gon ty ener fequremort Of water neluaing ses in The PenEDOn Pt 1) espace dl the rane and to nurber ois A Met. OF WATER: where the monsoon rt is upto 90° (0) Wet crops “6 aeraeper Mt 1st P and 3 ara per Met ior 2 ner to mawesy Mc June Oebben as the monsoon af ox stb wr a coag re Gf raf ob dette eal ‘should be added for 1 " 30 rigation demand wit ‘vet each mon el the erp peri. Aditonal iat month for tans pariaton purpose, = Capacity of he tanks determines by using the formula 16) Eat eae 210 0) E (ai +a2+y/ar ad) Cube Units Were C= Capasty of he tank nuns ea, corturs in aces and 212 (5) Utanie ye nr Storage wos Mins equation (1.25- X52 + (025+ y)2= 1.608 X ato“ resro cay nytt io storage work isto have an ayacut of 200 na (Tack iis foc Minor gation woes: —_ ain fli ems esone 35-7ocms 70. 100 ens PD cocme ‘Ree (abi (eae Fico Rabi TaD) Sugar cane Perennial (Daas) (c) The fling Dues maybe ad a. canal uta a 7 aor s Total viele tilion eum ik Below 1105 Probable lela Yl 0.01509 o0a72e0 1004208 ‘8.008088 ‘0.002058 04ers 06a? 2.01740 002788 151050 20(0) Crop ater wosthaa ve gute n Trg ovewscana conan a {(G.0.Ms.No.21/CAD I DL.16-02-1976) (FPS) os ‘Grop ‘ont i ee ce | “Ground nut March & Api 100 | Grou nut yi mits Februay, 150 ‘March & April 120 Hyd iets Caton Noverber & Februsry 150, {blCton water eaurementa- WALAMTAR A. ame of ep | Day for maturity ‘iter require in neem Daly Total Inches.’ cms | inches cms Sugarcane B50 Dewy Fabio) —] Ligation ng 923, STANDARDS OF CANAL CROSS SE. “ONS MKS) Ligation Engineering ‘Berm with may also be adopted as undet- Upto 4.25 cumecs. lscharge 05+ V2 FSaeptn, 8 comecs = 12542 FSdeptn 125+ discharge + 12 FS dep 28.cumoes and abone ala or Dowel in he form fa smal earthen ridge provided to prevent vhs om {ating ito techannet iis providedon hemor eg of taser eel ee oo ‘dada i bout 20 o 60 em and height 4m the bed atthe saeco ee {cen belowground level that te earth obtained tom oxcavtinis ora anetcae ‘mount of te eat rogue for making he bans, such a socbon ocak ee, Saglon as tents minimum earworkand that cepholcanaliskrewnasthe ee, dep 32241 Formula oc balancing depth of cuting (ata. 427. is manual PS), 08. (00+B +26) De-h@sazny Where, = eral eight of op o bank above bed fhe channel = bed with of ehanna 18 = Top width of bank D = balancing depth of cting nos ‘Slope in cutting 1:1 and slopes tho two equal banks aro 14:1, SN. ‘Type of canal rigaton Eng espe cliet (lor uid cana Cane D128 Medium Nema maximum Earth staigh and enor loan cent completed lean, ator weathering rave, uniform section lan Wit short grass, ow weece Earth wining and eugoh Nowopetaton Grass, come weeds Dense, weeds or aguatc plants in deep chan Earth botom and ite sides Story botom and weedy banks (Cobble bona and ise sides rag ne excavated or dredged No vegetaten {ght Brush on banks Channel meitned (weeds and rn Dense weed gh a cope ean bate, toch one Same, Highest stage oe Dense bush ign Se 2018 oe aoa 00% oa ase 9022 Ons ose 0% 9087 ose 0.029 0025 059 0025 0080 Sosa 2030 03s as 0% a0 one 202 ones Sass 030 oo ose 0035 0050 O06 2050 0080 129 2.00 0050 O.0a0 0.03 007 Otte 2.080 0100 og 1 For norma aluvat sols, tis ava nn 2 tis wan india to assume a vate of 0.02 oe eoeecc tT O> 15 canes andy = Gade erat t= oes ‘cumecs. © Sane alte ot” shut be oped een in view eg oneions ‘and the above valoe as a i, 3-31 neering 15.4745 1968 LINED CANALS: 2) Transmission lass may gonaraly be assumed tobe 0.60 msfillon ro we ted area lorined ears Note: Teansission les of 0.60 m# ismiion mof wetted area of Eoad ‘sated valve athough the actual value may be much less and diferent for dierent tring opecteations Forte canals of Bhakra Nangal Projet lr estimating the seepage loss, the following rma wes used, Ke1250%8 (FPS) K=o4ess ae (UKs) logs in cuseesistnion tm of wotea area ana (- Denarge in cumacs Kx tn os in cussion of weed area 1b) Site stpes: ning i usualy made to rest on slopes corresponding tothe angle ‘fropose ofthe natura 20 so tha he slopes shall bo such that no earth pressure txerteg on the back ofthe rng Fre board :0.75m above FSL upto top fring Bank with fem or cutng an filing reaches of main canals Beso cuting reaches lor branch canals 6.5m onl se and Sm on gh defo alg reaches of ranch canals Voociy: About 2m for tine canal i recommended, (CV Ratios are not apleable toned canals but he possi of sting cannot be neglected and hence the CVA shouldbe aod at higher tan unity. 8) Velocty (mean) = 2° 8% Retiyamae mean depth "n= rgostycooticint asin 6.2.18 2) () “Amendment | Soplember, 1970: The figures spectad in tis standard wil require to be Fevaed afore vlue of ugosty coefiiens ot various types of ning are ivesgates 02 07 the CBIP. Soe Techical Report 2 ‘orlned and unlined channels Soptember, 1374 9) Catster drains Protect damaged toi, Under drainage For nod canal wha to be higher han water level n id the canal pressure onthe tring, or where te free damage ofthe ur 204 YALUES OF RUGOSITY cOEFFICIE? res STRAIGHT ALIGNMENT: (2). 2a nda below: 8) Formed, no frie, ) Tow! fe ©) let ie | 4) Feat tnsh son gravel on bo 2) Gunte, good secon Gunite, wavy 5) Random stone nora ) Cement tle macony 4) Comer able mason avored 8. Gravel bottom sis 2) Formed cone 5 indated below 1) Fandom stone in moran ©) Dry rae Eectve system of catch water tins s Irkaton Engine 2 of CBP on Determination o go 3y coofcent ll be provised to und water vei higher o thay 0 28 fo cause damaging diferent ticity mearrebe to prevent fed in accordance with IS 4888 - 1968, NT (0) FOR LINED CHANNEL WH oo13, ots doe 2. Conerate Bote Hat ished sides as indeted below oor oor7 0017 2.020 0.020 2.020 0033 Irigation Enancoring vor - oor 3) Smt 019 1) Rough oie. 6.Wood planed lean won ~ 0013 7. Conereta tine excavatod rock th ') Good secon oor = 0.020 3) regu section ‘0022: 027 Note: With channels of aigamert the than sai, loss of head by reistanes ores Wile increased. A rea creas tothe value of may be mada to allow fr adsonal loos of anergy. 24 CRIP Toetncal enor No.t2eepembsr 1974 (0) Unined Canals Factor attecing (0 Surtace roughness (@) Chanraliregusy (a) Vegetation (v) Channel alignment (tisiting & Scouring (vi) Stage and dacharge (v) Suspendod material and bed oad (commendations wales ott Lined canate Boulder ined canals 02s Tus ined esas bore Conerte ne canals bors-0017 Masonry bo18 0020 Dry ough stone aaa -0.090 (6) Unlined canals LUninedearthern canals tin rgime and showing sing Unined Canate Unlined srace wih projections 325 Cana Lining: {1 Insitu_coneret ing: ‘The minimum thickness of concrete Sing bass on canal capacity ah be a flows: ‘Canal Capaciy] Thickness of WIS concrete Thickness of TO concrete | ‘Gontrolied Ordinary 18 1000 & above Note:The above thicknesses donot ake care cup of Noor and overturning egos (Precast Congcete Sie ing: ‘The fac of he sib shal bo eter ab shallbe as specie’ boos “tat & "#tangdar. Nomina dimensions of tho ‘Length Breadth Thickness 328 Intemational Corimission on irigation and Drainage 1 Congress - 7 laa - Design of channels: al vey: 8) Non ating ar non scouring velocity 1) ney formulae Wo =095098 5 =oon0sses 1590 (FS) Yoon at nos $= 0.0005789 12° "= (FPS) Buaeoo' 8) Gera Loy. Regine channes «) Linton of Lacey's formula: Minimum Vue of charge in cusecs (FPS) in rapezoial ectons wit side slopes 050 is80 i200 075 Bi4 aa? 100 345 470 200 086 ie Mint (st factor No atop need be made to design channels of smal discharge than the above with Lace lermulas 4) con op wis and rae boards (13:1 10 3:1 slopes) (Fs Mai canal ranch Canal Distrbutores and Minors wooT tooove 30075 0002! dle 1500 100s 1) Bormwian 4 OOOO 44D 4401 intoot |Top wit in toot 1s Gprrestoardintost 3 Not More the top wlth, 55 tho feo boa, £2) Dowal banks (0.3) eight, 141 sie slopes. 3-98 3.27 Design practices of irgation canals (LC.L0. 1972 = APPadtce: 1, Design procesu Tra sign (MAK S) © fave Femara ‘46-2839 (00 r000 os) doze ‘neocas CCC (1:68) of 45 t0 60 em thikneas for bed protection dt dainag coo 5 {or bed prolacton ef erenage way with CC. Jn tansons ot ent mays iin 5: 1and above dis 2:1 and above : Bates provided in ebumens, ngs, irs & tus: Mazon) "5 or 150 178 depending on moments du o earth pressure and height Earthen aces "V3 0 W2 depending on ext pressure, moments op with 45 cm 1 1.20 m No tensions tone RC sate suet 1K ‘masonry in CM (1:3) and 0.7 kaler for CRS in CM (1:4) iB Hydtostaic pressures : 5% in Rocks. Prossue ret vas in regultor oor Seeraycesbaion buckets ae provided, Weep hls in retaining was are pro Mason wate: AR mason (8) (19 c sy (15) agin nw vaterlaeeof ont asembutin GRSinu is) eT) niga Engineering pees apa aa eee Macca mmnpanes hres oes 8.0. Thekness of regulator per:0.2 (2H) XS (FPS) (B50) ‘Type of sol! Embankment Cutting ‘S= claw span, H= doth of water inves. ore ari ol piece aa per Leib Fee ) Light bose san erage sandy soi “ricknesso Lotavishy = (FPS / 4S 3 Shoromer iy ot andy 2 Grave a ) Murano soi opening InDepth of watar ‘(tym 38/45m 207m 25/75 908m 1 Rock, 2tWa:t t5etteze1 2131 ister a iSetworey tset 0751 028: 110075-1 wisn plerthidesss 25076 27ine2 20088 a.7094 4 Wsiism im salt Sante aanee 45h 7 (6) Top wish of Banks (CEnonton, Cac, dated 0002-52) 206m aenao Sonse Sates Serr 2571 5m sens anes esn7e a7zo ira ep wit fk] 9. Fil mater behind abutments rae see m | biakinm "bankinm. System 28"; 516" (wal ctons gene nt considered) - so andeiow| 030 | oo Sr {Y= 2100 kg K = permeabity oi more than 3m yea e200 150° | oss | 200 1250 tana 15010750 | 04s | 500 150 dena “The earthen aces of wal are given stepped ost instead of clean sloping sua to mame io00 | 980" | 500 2s0 aang on i0a0% 1800} O60 | so 20 tone provse arp te earthen banks + ss0012000 | o7s | Foo 2s ad | ‘So | Discharge |Free board | ipection Non-inapection Disty | moo and.aeve| 07030 | Su 500 fame 9.20 (9) Stabe ade slopes fr chal bit in varus Kinde of teria WEN TE crows S.No. Material Side stope 1 Rock early verte 2 Muck nd peat ene 3) St cay or earth wih core ining Earth ath stone ining rear orange chennai 5 Foam eta or arth or srl Siches 5 Locke sandy earth 7 Sony loam or por Slay 598 GWE. Bed wrath to depth lrigaton Engineering ie. per daft manual on rigation channels, CHC Watering, Now Delhi, 1860, 3D co Discharge Cumisecond ‘Discharge Te Cuun/second 0269) 28 11327 057 925, 30 14158 so 66 32 paar? ta 850 aa #33020 73 33 36 an.ae 82 fate a7 45507 a6 zit 40 ‘50.634 90 2a 2 S584 85 300 aa yon ao as 4.050 Sea a8 255.170 8295 5s a 30a) () Maximum water volo (sec) in earth canals tha dscharge os Nawreo!Cansited 0S 19 20°90 40 10 15 3, te san, Ve sandy loam 42 045 047 049 00 052 eam Sancy ‘youn ost 056 059 061 063 065 get eam 061 064 068 070 072 a74 Medium eam Medium oes, ConrenSan 069 072 075 079 081 ase Heavy Loan, Ugh (ay, Cove ga Loess, Very Coarse sand Inigaton Engnring 267 071 075 078 0.681 088 089 090 0.94 Fe Sings or gavel 0.73 077 082 O84 0.89 099 0.96 098 102 Thick Nec Cay medium gavel” 082 087 092 035 0,99 1.05 1.00 1.11 1.16 Heavy Gay (tetany) coarse shingle or grvelt 26. 1.94 17 159 162 168 1.72 179 ‘Sarco: FOOD & AGRICULTURAL ORGANIZATION OF UNITED NATIONS, ROME, 187 (0) Maximum non rosie water velocties in eaten Canals: 1: Fine sand under qui sand candiion 2 Sandy so 5. Sandy am 075-099 4 Loum ey nam 088-110 5. Si clay 1a 1Simps Source: Same as above 021003 mee: osweore 221 ©1812; Deson of unined incised cana: Tenia Repost Na June, 1078, Masinam ane Meira porns locos hic & GPRS Raconarator a oe Ape of Sai -oocmamvaues m/sec ry ste oem Siroy ots 83019020 Bsr oa esr Seo mom bran a ade Sort Gravel. 124 es Daroiaied od 1s Disitgeated rock 1152 (depening on sie of ck) aay Irigation Engineering Moimum vive of V= 08 V guy, tho depth aso minimise adzorpen ae evapratan and or more economical esi, bi «1.25 060 are bene bd ato curve or Table fr 028 to 289 cumecs «See 62.18), 132.Radi of Cres in Unlined Channels ‘Curves in vlined channels shoud be as gentle as pols, a heres 2 fr doncy to sito the nse andto Scour on he ousie othe Cure. Minimum radi of Curves in unlined channels (8.1) ‘nina aly of Channa uses ccumacs ct ‘ver 3000 oars 000 00016 1000 51020 xo +000 to $00 301015 2000 50010100 15103 100 1001610 ate0s 00 160 Loss than 10 ese than od 300 100 fe RE ar reere eee Note: Generaly .=2018 where Bis water surtace width ray be he minimum allowable trigaton Engnewing {38 Permissible Canal Velocities (Etchevery EPS gal mater cnr facontestorcans) alah eden ater tranepring cet sie oe tranaparing rancolst fs sana gard ee, anode ets ory ght ooo san s ‘ ne sand (non coed. 9 80.00 288" nn t'BOnna 2002.80 Sandy Loam. 175 cee 20 cons 280-278 Si Loam. 20030 2000 280-298 Anas when ton coleca 20050 2.00 275-900 rtinary fem iar 250.7880 225. 300 a7 Fe gravel 250 800 S75 800809 ‘Suey oory cla 375 3004-80 ‘Avia Sits whan Call a7s Graded sit 00, Coarse gravel (ron cota 400. rn 50, Shingle non oslo” S00 aa Cemented gravel Sat sate fot sedesmontry rock. Hard rock Caner 075-150 9.00, mene b0, 40-50 40:50 5.00 - 6.00 30-60 60-700 es 109-150 150-200 These figures ar for dopts of 3 cot and less: To get MKS. vals, mulply by 0.3046 44941. Assessment of seepage losses in canals -Recont thesis and erature USER: More's fommuia-$ «02 e( GWT (FPS) 'S= seepage less ines peril length of Canal © Gop en et ist romcanal prin 24 hors. varying beween 0 io 220 rom Camanted grav sande piss Irigaton Engineaing 6) vanes Mantel ser) ees ee esa GIRS zPunab: =k (@+(t+2m.m) sulace with of eal m=eos (a) ,@= sie sope ange) Dea tudcton depending on BH to 9 ea om raph Morass Bre ing Procast ceslabe in clay and coment plaster ‘G1 17200 (840) * (MKS) (G1 Seepage loa in cures vlmetr length of eanal 6) Puna 8 Haran |) CBIR. 49m Moving 1979 - Pusicaion 155 kre 190 (MKS) SLLin Man canals 7% of head cicharge t= Soupage loss in cumcsimllonequare meter of wees rea Sin dstibutones & monors 8% of head decharge SLinwater courses 20% Unlined qi = 0.00928 L. (Q) 525 (MKS), Linkms. oer esters = ey sole a 2) gars formal: P=0d.(W./10,00,000} P=SLincisecs ina reach o length Ln es ih ctaier sacs nf 15 20- G07 les han bw cara hy Prats APP 8.35 Loss of water fom reservoirs dvs to evaporation in mm, ‘Annual Total Loss = 1800 em = 1.80 m_ ae for Dsty cyte. nigation Engineering 38 ‘Channel Losses ‘Gonvayanee losses According to Etchevesty and Herding es | CCharaclet6fifiaerial —-—«CHSRat_—CusecsiNlion_Cumacsilon foe Yetiod pe: sof wetted Sqm of wat Tretorn ahve permeter (to permator rearstcusec) Imheiouseigfibam ....025 0085 .. 904 92012 Medium clay foam under laa wth ord pan at fapth of no over 219 3H. bowe bed 0.510080 12018 Crinary lay oar Sy 208 tava ah oaM 05 10 975 oo 1eto27 Gravely or sandy olay Team, Cemented gata sand & clay 07810 1.00 «9010120. nnss 271036 Loote sandy sis 1.510 1.00 171020, 520061 Sendy foam, B40 G,nn 120017 361052 Gravely sandy £08 on 2 1225. nnn 281028 708s Porous gravelly £016 251080 on 291095, 510108 ery gravely sis 3210600 351070. 10610212 lrigaton Engineering 2952 Cara sae Sage Lela. 8) Swange's apprxmaton of cara ceee:tararission leases canals (FPS) a reer mene REALE ae. (On canal in cle "of ischarge which st et mi eth of eanal > 100 = 50-100 re 25-50 i 0-28 ae =10 3 3.9834 ach. 0 au and eto Tetvsec is oetindsbutoes 22 clvsec is lostinvilge water causes ul 56 27 mse by excise go 80 an 20 prelaya i ) Moles wart ermula ;QL = CLP m®® (ums; m=HMD,C = cooticient, 0.0018 lr st lay aid 0.00 fo sendy sis or K = Gm 2% 2.984 Cormparatnve War Tahiness of diteret ype tf se iret ype of nings PSK) iT Irigation Engineering TRY 15.3005 1974/1989 (Code of practice) Structural Safety shallow foundations Pier foundations: (such a in CM-OD works te) Pain conerete pie’ Height shal at be more than 12 tenes ho feast horazonal en 1) Stectos allowable are as per hose spac i 18486 of 1973 provided the Height ol Dlr does ol exceed sk tes the east Poizona mension, 1) height exceeds sx wes te fast Morzoal Ui, the maximum atlas Sireses shal be determines by f (1.8 W200) whore = Mam aowatl ses te x alonatie evs spefiod aS 455-1679 12 Height of pier and 1D = feast hovantal dimension ‘Note-The above provion shal ot apply fr pes where the east horizontal dimension fe lamoemore ROC piers: ACC piers shale testa as ai loaded short columns and permissitie Toads eslousted.n po iS 458 - 1979 subject 1 ') Where the height fpr exceeds 18 tes he eas simension, the ma. ows shal rot p=p(15- 41360) : Where P= permissible oad on axl faded shat column height pir measure romp of Ball ary tthe evel of ext of pie, least cmansion of pior 1358 HEADLOSS usualy allowable in metres tor ya structures on Main Cansis {le approving tyraue particulars of canals) St bridges oa Normal secton of canal DiLbridpes. 1003100008 HU due 10 Cae Close repairs enn wth er wthout take. 005-05, “ough Aaueduew 040 0.18. Oworks Syphon aqueduts = HL: as per Unwes formula Alc a pee Noles worths LUrainagesyphone = caalismed or asin type lor Ue HL as per Manning's (ron pressure ow)" invaraions snd bare by TEL Mattos Festicted to 0.000 but actualy t may 90 upto 0.03 de ‘ending ons length ard uring in cana ? Super passages: Generally normal section cf canal relained 4) wi Headway HL s 0.00 but # canal is fumed for econcmic consider Stions HL canal may go upto 0.02 1) Superpassages Wwihout headway Jn mir projects the NSP, SABO. et, drainage bed comes below FSL ot canal. The canal eacon thus "aly eyphonee. Histo be minimised in such cares about 801 Methods: 4) Provide inltoutetarangenent feasible, maintaining noeial ction of 8) Won the canal at fe crossing wih necessary tonsa nn Ont 9) Depress the canal bed tghoy below te ariel and give It wal ore Iatero minimio reading & ase Adopt beth (ance above, Hl igh mgation Enineerng orl and under the part syphon Iees\Outes Na general sit raps must be aanged and sily waterlet down into hatte Boo io Jd by any cena methods! ate des practoes. Ha isrotreducable tata proved in tna approved HPs, thas ibe adjusted toohere me re sanctioning autvory forte salstactory patrmance ofthe 1232 CODE.OF PRACTICE FOR DESGIN OF CROSS DRAINAGE WORKS Is..7784=198 ° the dianage ins nal earthen sypo-jan is tpe the canal contaues over te dina Peerage = banks “ns cave th leigh the Gr? re aang waar passed unde tho cal hal be ne hy to carry the water section but also to cary the earthen bank tration Eng aoe, bt theater slopes of Barks are replaced by vlaiang wal, hereby edu ing he tengo! eenage caver by at exten. Smet ks ve acon oor the sanage ad the controls tough, box, rel pipe or any thet hare connected on ether aide of ne work to earthen banks ef he canal by means 9! & eo ke he aay mean ig wal Coa a nin tumwoa ep sSaionto these! crane nage, aqueduct of Type maybe autabe 3s nominal win rreansa the ceased cst se othe en maxim length (across the eal nh vet age rer an aqueduct Type 3m be mare economical as be lenght trinage curs across the canals minum and the sevens rae in coat riage cles woud be eter an he For meade ston, ye 2 may 1229.8 Discharge tough ne as P+ ne oy syn te duct encelicent of dsharge which varies rom 0:9 10 0.85 Irigaton Engineoring 0 for stu coord entrance 10.28 or round eomered nance 8. for ordinary eosan 2 1.08 for bel mou humed enirancs The co-tficient ¢ wil be anes av Designot sypons: Ia area of bart Pian velo ee bare {1 xCoretioent forts lhe uta tion nance 10805 or eyndia mouth cloase ninco (2 co-fiint or les of ead orrcoming 098 forte mouth 3995 LAYOUT rhe ayoutol aqueduct shal beso eathatl shal preeraby bein a staigh ach (91 Trahiveam’ hich ssse he carne 3 rh anges 3a as pose nk concn toca! and deasraam shulsbe proved depensog upon thwpoperes esol avaiable we are 1 shout preter be provided wih 2:1 and 3:1 on upstream weet seat ot aterhan 1 an 1 respecte Sees $i lo anes © few ME : ‘he watreanstousb detstowards te src sulae aig wa veteaed by sae otc nasues suchas urn, pcg, andar be prtecte by stato ing apronwhenever necossary. anf soho AUR ‘Geo gasetty of any breach snd to minimise seep ‘ad the canals ry. foe Five boat shouldbe provided or rough as per St Code Noto 2 - Roadway wish shoud be prod as por IAG Gare ‘Note - Cental walt wough may be emiied by proving RC coins on ech Bier based on tecno esonomi sues ‘he canal may not be fumed to less than 75 percent of bed with, Homever, ther the velco andloss of head perm, rear fuming may be slows ee: ing stertcal tow condion, ‘Tatum portion fhe tough shalbe joined wih the norma section wih proper transitions to minimize head fss at eny and ext. The tanaiion cheney re {$P8d 1 8 rim splay of 3: 1 onthe upstream side and So) oe wees ream side. M should be ensured thatthe low lows tno bouncer ee Thevercal stop approaches may notbe staape an 1 in cathe ent ste and {bout 1 io 4 onthe ext side. The minimum permis veloly severe brave depending vpn te size ofthe bed meterals nthe Sam ray te dehy trom Tables 1 and 2in IS 7784 (Part 20e.5)- 1060. For Type | and? sone, Stal0l1.5 tines tha change n velocay head ith a mimom ot Tobe canes ‘vee Be lope ofthe ara a slat to prevent at entcng ho boner In exceptional cases, the iting vleiy may exceed Sve povided thi nes not Sauce cncessive os of head ae state can wifesns tesa oe and abrasion Me {Te hewdoas through the bale shallbe calsulate in accordance wth: 7784 (Part) 1875, The waterasy shal beso adusted thal thea does nt weg the lis of submergence tolerances ol the emvitonmet, ln aiages when th course is undefined, as sometimes it happen in bouldery 2-59 Irngaton Engineering rail agione, luring rar 60 wo 0 percent of he Lacey waterway may Be ‘ne 887 Joni. a) dos sal poe aeons ard lng bare eng. The maxim spas (she ent ancien sholbounsaloZom. Anal 10 1 Bele oe scoorean alge bare sab ove Sina ea newer. Topostion ara Seal niehlben a= Stora ot tee Pa) 975 Inte case far resingon compressa sols, cols ecg theplin et Er SSS prancaa, Ts wi otc wateratop fm wera! sheet Testa fedlemert nthe cave of syphons of mule bares more tan one Ute colar may be designed tbe exible Incase cl maael vs lave ro bv can be adore tl ye © ‘with longtudhal joints having water stops all around. Water stops shall also be Srowsod art cin of Eta whan wa 40. Dam Salty (Smal ams) 240 eases Foundation soverence- ASCE (1852) Jn. 875 Engle) 4.1Phace Fiddinspacion = abate -.esgn and portance data Gio parc atonion to a Evidence of istess 1 cess leakage and seepage slope mnstabay ‘excessive sottemont tng and cracking of concrete structures and ‘other psa feature eating neatly. 1p Review oldesign and adequacy of sin parameters Fconsrton quality et. ‘Lease perience ve désigned | Evelvatonf gectgial and foundation condvons ‘Changes n technaogy since original design . lrigaton Engineering | Selsmoiogy- chek wrk seimie considerations Phase. Investgation - Fed samping Lab tstng- stably ana, ve ateton to ‘Advertey oventodois Sicken soso sued mates, samo ot mals - week ayers = cxcess pore water presse ly shalos e, o Dam ean be tras aie dow verurring, oudation flue, Uncontroted seepage, shear fale et, $1402 Recommended actors ol saity bankas of satey Suen dwawdown fom spitway 1.2 minimum composte ot R&S ‘rest or op of gates fo MODL Shear factor, Paral poo! with assumed 15 hvizomal steady seepage Resebrn

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