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English Grammar Practice Worksheet

1. A black hole is a region of space-time exhibiting such strong gravitational effects that nothing—
including particles and electromagnetic radiation such as light—can escape from inside it. The theory of
general relativity predicts that a sufficiently compact mass can deform space-time to form a black hole.
The boundary of the region from which no escape is possible is called the event horizon. Although
crossing the event horizon has enormous effect on the fate of the object crossing it, it appears to have
no locally detectable features.

2. In many ways a black hole acts like an ideal black body, as it reflects no light. Moreover, quantum field
theory in curved space-time predicts that event horizons emit Hawking radiation, with the same
spectrum as a black body of a temperature inversely proportional to its mass. This temperature is on the
order of billionths of a Kelvin for black holes of stellar mass, making it essentially impossible to observe.

3. Objects whose gravitational fields are too strong for light to escape were first considered in the 18th
century by John Michell and Pierre-Simon Laplace. The first modern solution of general relativity that
would characterize a black hole was found by Karl Schwarzschild in 1916, although its interpretation as a
region of space from which nothing can escape was first published by David Finkelstein in 1958. Black
holes were long considered a mathematical curiosity; it was during the 1960s that theoretical work
showed they were a generic prediction of general relativity. The discovery of neutron stars sparked
interest in gravitationally collapsed compact objects as a possible astrophysical reality.

4. Black holes of stellar mass are expected to form when very massive stars collapse at the end of their
life cycle. After a black hole has formed, it can continue to grow by absorbing mass from its
surroundings. By absorbing other stars and merging with other black holes, super massive black holes of
millions of solar masses may form. There is general consensus that super massive black holes exist in the
centers of most galaxies.

5. Despite its invisible interior, the presence of a black hole can be inferred through its interaction with
other matter and with electromagnetic radiation such as visible light. Matter that falls onto a black hole
can form an external accretion disk heated by friction, forming some of the brightest objects in the
universe. If there are other stars orbiting a black hole, their orbits can be used to determine the black
hole's mass and location. Such observations can be used to exclude possible alternatives such as
neutron stars. In this way, astronomers have identified numerous stellar black hole candidates in binary
systems, and established that the radio source known as Sagittarius A, at the core of our own Milky Way
galaxy, contains a super massive black hole of about 4.3 million solar masses.

6. On 11 February 2016, the LIGO collaboration announced the first observation of gravitational waves;
because these waves were generated from a black hole merger it was the first ever direct detection of a
binary black hole merger. On 15 June 2016, a second detection of a gravitational wave event from
colliding black holes was announced.

1.1.On the basis of your understanding of the above passage complete the statements given below

with the help of options that follow. (8m)

(a) What is an event horizon?

(b) What was found about the black hole during the 1960s?

(c) What is a black hole?

(d) What are the effects of crossing an event horizon?

(e) How does a black hole act as an ideal black body?

(f) How does a black hole grow?

(g) How can the presence of black hole be detected?

(h) How was the first binary black hole merger detected?

(i) Find words from the passage which mean the same as each of the following: (2m)

(i) accord- (para 4)

(ii) to clash- (para 6)

(iii) accumulation (para 5)

(iv) prying (para 3)

2. Rearrange the following words and phrases into meaningful sentences.-3m

(a) These days/of trade/ Delhi/ for/ has become/ but/ a centre/ tender coconuts/

(b) Its demand /value/ due to/has increased/ of the fruit/ the food

(c) Has been fuelled/ by growing awareness/ the demand/ health benefits/ coconut water’s / of

3. In the passage given below, one word has been omitted in each line. Write the

missing word along with the word that comes before and the word that comes after it in

the space provided.

(8x½m=4m)
 Before word after

One my childhood fears e.g. one of my

was I would get lost a. ______ ______ ______

especially the way from b. ______ ______ ______

school home. Every morning c. ______ ______ ______

I got the school bus d. ______ ______ ______

from stop near my home. e. ______ ______ ______

After the school over I was f. ______ ______ ______

terrified to think I would g. ______ ______ ______

get the wrong bus

and taken to some unfamiliar neighbourhood. h. ______ ______ ______

4. Read the dialogue between father and Aswin and complete the paragraph that follows.

Write the correct answers in your answer sheet against the correct blank numbers. 3m

Father: Why were you late from school yesterday?

Aswin: There was a friendly football match between our school and G.K.Public School.

Father: Why didn’t you inform us that u would be late?

Aswin: I tried ringing up home but nobody picked up the phone.

Father asked Aswin (a)…………………………………………………...Aswin replied that there

(b)……………………………………………… and G.K.Public School. The father wanted to know why

(c)………………………………………… that he would be late. Aswin said that he had tried ringing up home

but nobody had picked up the phone.

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