HOW ONE IN ONE OUT POLICY AFFECTED THE HEALTH OF THE STUDENTS OF

TAGUM CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

A Concept Paper
presented to the Faculty of Senior High School
TAGUM CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
Tagum City, Davao del Norte

in partial fulfillment of the requirements in

PRACTICAL RESEARCH 2

Barcenas, Andrick C.
Pausa, Elicio G.
Riogelon, Clarince A.
Solis, Harrie A.
Crisostomo, Kassandra M.

Grade 12- HUMSS

Mr. Noel G. Escobal

Research Adviser
 Chapter 1

PROBLEM AND ITS SETTING

Background of the Study

Over the past two decades many studies have examined the effectiveness of classroom

teaching in influencing present and future health and health behaviors. Few of these studies have

examined the importance of the students' satisfaction with school as a variable which explains

effect, and in particular what determines their satisfaction with school. Based on data from the

‘Health Behavior in One In-One Out Students Survey’, this paper presents a review of relevant

literature and examines how the students' perception of school regulations relates to their health

with school. Data from 14-, 16- and 18-year-old students in Finland, Latvia, Norway and Slovakia

are used. In all countries, the older students tend to be significantly less satisfied with school than

the younger ones. The students in Latvia and Norway seem to be more satisfied with school than

students in the two other countries. Schermerhorn, Hunt & Osborb, (1997) describe perception

as a process through which people receive, organize, and interpret information from their

environment. Secondary school students’ perception on school rules and regulations therefore,

has much effect on the way they obey and adhere to those rules and regulations. The most

important predictors of students' satisfaction with school are students' feeling that they are treated

fairly, that they feel safe and that they believe that teachers are supportive. The findings suggest

that, in school health promotion interventions, attention needs not only to be given to classroom

teaching materials but also to the quality of a student's school experience and the quality of the

relationship with the teachers. Different strategies to achieve the aforementioned goal have been

employed both at the national and school level (Ngulumbe, 2011)

 The health and education of children are a public good that lies at the core of government

policies and programs. The Millennium Development Goals have encouraged significant resource

allocation to these sectors, which are closely related to long-term poverty reduction and

development, and much progress has been made. Still, many low- and middle-income countries

are unlikely to reach the health- and education-related targets to which they have committed

themselves. Mosha, (2006) established that school rules and regulations in Tanzania have

specific functions including: to prepare pupils as good citizens who become better people in adult

life; to make students realize that offenders are punished which will encourage them to obey the

laws of the country and to conform to accepted norms and rules of conduct; and to encourage

cooperation and harmony in the society. The 2011 United Nations Millennium Development

Goals Report clearly states, “Despite real progress, we are failing to reach the most vulnerable”.

As a low-middle-income country, the Philippines is one such case: there are persistent

high levels of preventable health problem among children in addition to poor primary education

indicators. Health is the main concern reason for school regulations or policies. Filipino students

mainly suffer from a few widespread diseases: diarrhea, pneumonia, and respiratory infections

are the leading cause of, and 54% of children are infested with soil-transmitted helminths (STH).

One-third of children are stunted, and 17% have a below-normal body mass index (BMI). A study

by REPOA (2009) observed and outlined some of the common unacceptable behaviors that

mostly manifested in different places which have secondary schools. These include truancy,

disobeying school administration, failure to maintain and school cleanliness, being late to school,

sexual behaviors and failure to live in peace and order.

A longitudinal 4-year cohort study was conducted in Tagum City, Mindanao (experimental

group); an external concurrent control group was studied in Tagum City National High School.

The study has three experimental groups: group 1—daily handwashing with soap, daily brushing

with fluoride toothpaste, biannual deworming with 400 mg albendazole (Essential Health Care
Program [EHCP]); group 2—EHCP plus twice-a-year access to school-based Oral Urgent

Treatment; group 3—EHCP plus weekly tooth brushing with high-fluoride concentration gel. A

non-concurrent internal control group was also included. Baseline data on anthropometric

indicators to calculate body mass index (BMI), soil-transmitted helminths (STH) infection in stool

samples, and dental caries were collected in August 2009 and August 2010. Data were analyzed

to assess validity of the control group design, baseline, and 1-year results.

Statement of the Problem

This study generally aims to determine the risked health of students due to “One-In One-

Out Policy” of Tagum City National High School for the school year 2019-2020. Despite the fact

that school rules and regulations are clearly made and stipulated in Tagum City National High

School, still there are reports of some serious health problems among secondary school students.

Specifically, it sought answers to the following sub-problems:

1) What is the effect of one in one out policy to the high school students?

2) What is the health result of high school students?

3) Is there a significant relationship between the health of the high school students and

preventing one in one out policy inside school?

4) Is there a significant difference between the health of the high school students and

preventing one in one out policy inside the school?

Hypothesis

1). There is no effect to the health of the students on preventing one in one out policy.

2). There is no significant difference on the health of students in preventing one in one

out policy inside the school.

3). There is no significant relationship between the health of the students and

preventing one in one out policy.

Theoretical and Conceptual Framework

This study is anchored on the theory of Robbins & Judge (2009) Perception is a process

by which individuals organize and interpret their sensory impression in order to give meaning to

their environment. According to Kinicki & Williams (2008) perception is a process of interpreting

and understanding of one’s environment. Jones and George (2006) define perception as the

process through which people select, organize, and interpret what they see, hear, touch smell,

and taste and make meaning of them and order to the world around them.

Schools around the world are scrambling to ensure that learners are molded to be

disciplined, competent, innovative and responsible citizens (Hakielimu, 2007). Many similar

efforts are being done at all levels of education i.e. pre-primary schools, primary schools,

secondary schools, colleges as well as in universities (ETP, 1995). Among others, the adoption

and deployment of school rules and regulations in secondary schools remain responsible in

monitoring and curbing of students’ behaviors (URT, 1995).

According to Schimmel (1997, 2003), school rules and rule making can be related to

citizenship education. A vital part of education for school rules is an enlightened process for

teaching students the norms of citizenship. As Schimmel, (1997) observes, “School rules are,

after all, a form of law that applies to student‟ (p. 70). Schimmel (2003) however, argues that

instead of encouraging active and democratic citizenship, school 3 rules as hidden curriculum of

citizenship education in many or most schools undermines the goals of citizenship education

when students have no voice in developing or revising them‟ (Schimmel, 2003: 18)

The diagram presents the variables of this study. The independent variable is the one in

one out policy. The dependent variable is the health of the high school students.
 Independent Variable Dependent Variable

ONE IN ONE OUT POLICY HEALTH OF THE STUDENTS

Conceptual Paradigm of the Study

Significance of the Study

This study was conducted to determine the health problems encountered by the

students and preventing one in one out policy inside the school, a basis for a proposed

guidance intervention program. In this connection, the researchers believed that this

study is of great value to the following:

This study hopes to make the following contributions:

DepEd. The findings of this study would serve as guidance in the selling and marketing

of foods and beverages in schools and DepEd offices, including the purchasing of foods for school

canteen.

School Administrators. Be able to forge better partnerships with teachers. Reduce conflict

between teachers, principals and school administrators. Improve student achievement. Increase

pride in their schools from students, parents, and teachers. Be viewed as being more open and

fair by teachers. Have better communication with teachers and students. Be able to introduce

new ideas and approaches in their school with greater receptivity.

Teachers. Be more effective in dealing with all types of students. Create stronger, more

productive relationships with parents. Become better negotiators, and persons who are able to

take a stand. Set higher goals and find the means to reach these goals. Experience greater

satisfaction. Be better able to learn about and deploy technology in the classroom. Improve their

time management skills and improve their communication skills. Be a mentor to other teachers.

Be better able to welcome training from other teachers who are mentors. Build and maintain better

discipline in their classrooms.

Students. Become more engaged in the learning process. Be better able to assist teachers

create a community in the classroom. Be more willing to mentor their fellow students. Be better
disciplined. Achieve higher academic achievement. Improve their own leadership skills. Have

better relations with teachers and the administration of the school. Learn leadership by example

from their teachers.

Researchers. The result of this study would be a basis for further research.

Definition of Terms

For clarity and easy understanding on the terms used, the following terms are

operationally defined:

One-In, One-Out Policy. is a method used to control the number of people in Tagum City

National High School. Where a place has reached its maximum capacity, further entry is only allowed

upon a person leaving.

Secondary Students. Are people who are studying in formal secondary schools in Tagum

City National High School.

Health. It is the condition of being well or free from disease. It is also the concern of the

school of preventing One in One In Policy.

School rules. This are principles or orders which guide behavior in schools. For example,

all secondary students are expected to be in school uniforms when in school. Normally, school

rules are made by the headmasters or headmistress and his/her staff. Some school rules may

need the endorsement of a school board.

School regulations. This are official rules or orders intended to control the running of a

public school.
Scope and Delimitation

The study focused on perceptions of secondary students on how school rules and

regulations affect the health of secondary school students. The study delimited itself to Tagum

City National High School secondary schools, involving Junior High and Senior High students.

The study only focuses on students’ health and not the causes of these perceptions. It

also cannot establish if the health of the students is the only factors that determine the effect of

one in one out policy. Another limitation of this study is that, the results cannot be generalized to

the whole population of secondary school students in Tagum City National High School.