uke % rsxcgknqj

ck.kh % 115 'yksd

tUe % lEor~ 1678 (vaxzt s h o"kZ 1621)
ve`rlj
firk % Jh gjxksfcUn th
ekrk % ekrk ukudh th
iRuh % ekrk xqtjh th
iq=k % xq# xksfcUn flag th
xq#in % 1664 ls 1675
T;ksfr tksr % o"kZ 1675] pkanuh pkSd fnYyh
l`tuk % Jh vkuUniqj lkfgc
izokl % lEiw.kZ Hkkjro"kZ
cfynku % d'ehjh iafMrksa ds /ekZUrj.k ds iz'u ij

Bhdfj Qksfj fnyhfl flfj]

izHk iqj dhvk i;kuA
rsx cgknqj lh fØvk]
djh u fdugqa vkuAA
rsx+ cgknj ds pyr]
Hk;ks txr dks lksdAA
gS gS gS lHk tx Hk;ks]
tS tS tS lqj yksdAA
& ^cfp= ukVd* ¼xq: xksfcUn flag½
 xq: rsx cgknqj lkfgc th dk tUe oSlk[k onh 5 ¼iape~ oSlk[k½ fcØe lEor 1678 ¼1
vizSy] 1621½ dks ifo= 'kgj ve`rlj esa ^xq: dk egy* uked LFkku esa gqvk FkkA muds pkj
HkkbZ & ckck xqjfnRr th] ckck lwjt ey th] ckck vuh jk; th] ckck vVy jk; th FksA vkSj
,d cgu chch ohjksa th FkhA oks xq: gjxksfcUn lkfgc vkSj ekrk ukudh th ds ikapksa iq=ksa esa ls
lcls NksVs iq= FksA muds cpiu dk uke R;kxey FkkA djrkiqj esa iSM a k [kku ds fo:) ;q)
yM+rs gq,] ryokjckth ds dkS'ky dk izn'kZu djus ds izdj.k ckn xq# gjxksfcUn th us mUgsa
rsx cgknqj dk uke fn;kA
cpiu ls gh xq: rsxcgknqj viuk vf/kdrj le; ?kj esa cSBdj gh fleju] 'kcn~ xq#
fpUru esa fcrkrs FksA ?kj esa /kkfeZd okrkoj.k gksus ds dkj.k os lkfgfR;d l`tuk esa izoh.k gks x,
vkSj c`tHkk"kk ds mPpdksfV ds jpukdkj ds :i esa lkeus vk,A vk/;kfRed fopkj /kkjk dk
izokg muds O;fDrRo ls gksrk FkkA izkd`frd :i ls mudk eu nwljksa dh lsok vkSj R;kx esa gh
yxrk FkkA
6 o"kZ dh vk;q esa mUgsa f'k{k.k ds fy, Hkstk x;kA mUgksus 'kkL=h; xk;u ,oa ok|;a=ksa ds
oknu dks lh[kkA HkkbZ xqjnkl th us mUgsa xqjck.kh ,oa lukru fgUnw vk/;kfRed xzFa kksa dk
v/;;u djok;kA fo|ky; dh f'k{kk ds vykok mUgsa lSU; f'k{kk tSls & ?kqM+lokjh] ryokjckth]
Hkkykckth ,oa fu'kkus ckth Hkh fl[kkbZ x;hA mUgksua s ve`rlj ,oa djrkjiqj dk ;q) ns[kk gh
ugha] cfYd blesa mudh lgHkkfxrk Hkh jghA ijUrq bu lc ?kVukØeksa ds ckotwn mUgksus ,d
le;kUrjky esa vUreqZ[kh O;ogkj iSnk dj fy;k FkkA xq: rsx cgknqj lkfgc th dk fookg Jh
yky pUn vkSj fc'ku dkSj th dh iq=h ¼ekrk½ xqtjh th ls 15 vklw] lEor 1689 ¼14
flrEcj] 1632½ dks djrkjiqj esa gqvkA muds ?kj ,d iq= ¼xq:½ xksfcUn flag ¼lkfgc½ us iksg
lwnh lIreh lEre 1723 ¼22 fnlEcj] 1666½ dks tUe fy;kA ekrk xqtjh Hkh ,d /kkfeZd ukjh
Fkh] oss O;ogkj ls iDdh ,oa [kqys fopkjksa okyh ukjh FkhA muds firk cgqr gh jbZl ,oa n;kyq
O;fDr FksA
xq: gjxksfcUn lkfgc dh e`R;w ds ckn ekrk uudh th ¼xq: rsx cgknqj th dh ekrk½ mUgsa
vkSj mudh iRuh ¼xqtjh½ dks C;kl unh ds fdukjs cls vius iSr`d xkao ckck cdkyk ys vkbZA
dqN ,sfrgkfld nLrkostksa ds vuqlkj HkkbZ esgjk] tks fd xq: gjxksfcUn lkfgc th ds ,d fl[k
HkDr Fks] mUgksua s xq: rsx cgknqj th ds fy, ,d ?kj cuk;k FkkA ftlesa xq: lkfgc us vius
ftUnxh ds 20 o"kZ ¼1644 ls 1666½ iw.kZ 'kkafr esa fcrk;sA
xq: rsx cgknqj lkfgc th ds yEcs le; rd izHkq uke fleju esa ridj n`<+ gq,A bl
fleju dh cnkSyr gh xq: rsx cgknqj lkfgc th] xq: ukud lkfgc th dh fØ;kRedrk dks
ns[k ik;sA mUgksua s uSfrd ,oa vk/;kfRed lkgl ls bZ'oj dh bPNk ds vuq:Ik vius vUnj nwljksa
dh lsok vkSj R;kx ds fopkjksa dks mRiUu fd;kA tc xq: gjxksfcUn lkfgc us gjjk; lkfgc dks
xq: inoh ls uoktk] rks xq: rsxcgknqj lkfgc th muds lkeus ekFkk Vsdus okys igys O;fDr
FksA mUgksusa s vius firk dh vkKk dk dHkh mYya?ku ugha fd;kA
ckck cdkyk esa fuokl ds le; xq: rsx cgknqj lkfgc th us cgqr ls /kkfeZd ,oa
,sfrgkfld LFkkuks]a ftuesa & xksbUnoky] dhjriqj lkfgc] gfj}kj] iz;kx] eFkwjk] vkxjk] dk'kh
vkSj x;k dk izokl fd;kA xq: gjxksfcUn lkfgc ds fl[k HkDr HkkbZ tsBk th xq: rsx cgknqj
lkfgc dks iVuk yk;sA ;gk mUgksua s 6 vDVwcj 1661 esa xq: gjjk; lkfgc dh e`R;q dk lekpkj
lqu vkSj fu.kZ; fd;k fd oks dhjriqj lkfgc okfil ykSVx sa As okfil vkrs le; os 21 ekpZ 1664
dks fnYyh igqp a ]s tgka mUgsa jktk t; flag ds xq: gjfd'ku lkfgc ds vkxeu dk lekpkj
feykA ;gka oks viuh ekrk vkSj vU; fl[kksa ds lkFk xq: gjfd'ku lkfgc ls feyus x;s ,oa xq:
gj jk; lkfgc dh e`R;q ij 'kksd O;Dr dj ckck cdkyk ds fy, izLFkku fd;kA
dqN fnuksa ds Ik'pkr] xq: gjfd'ku lkfgc ¼mudh e`R;q dh iwoZ la/;k ij½ us dsoy nks
'kCn ^^ckck cdkyk** cksy]s ;kfu mudk mRrjkf/kdkjh ckck cdkyk esa fey tk,xkA bl ?kks"k.kk
ds lkFk gh cdkyk xkao esa yxHkx 22 yksx xq: lkfgc ds mRrjkf/kdkjh ds :Ik esa mB [kM+s
gq,A buesa ls tks lcls T;knk iz;kl djus okyksa esa Fks& ckck /khj ey th tks fd ckck xqjfnRrk
th ds lcls cM+s iq= Fks vkSj ftuds ikl xq: vjtu lkfgc }kjk cukbZ gqbZ xq: xzUFk lkfgc
dh igyh chM+ lkfgc Hkh FkhA
bl ifjfLFkfr us fl[kksa dks dqN ekg rd Hkzfer fd;kA rc vxLr 1664 esa fnYyh ds dqN
egRoiw.kZ fl[kksa dh fl[k laxr cdkyk igqp a h vkSj ckck rsx cgknqj dks ukSosa ukud ds fy,
Lohdkj fd;kA ijUrq ckck cdkyk dk okrkoj.k tl dk rl jgkA xq: rsxcgknqj us xq:in dk
mRrjkf/kdkj Lohdkj fd;k] ijUrq dHkh Hkh fdlh izdkj Li/kkZ esa mUgksua s vius vkidks ugha MkykA
xq: lkfgc muls nwj gh jgsA
,d ckj >sgye ds Vk.Mk ¼ikfdLrku es½a ls ,d cgqr gh jbZl O;kikjh eD[ku 'kkg yqckuk]
tks fd ,d fl[k HkDr Fkk] xq: lkfgc dks 500 Lo.kZ eksgjsa HksVa p<kus ds fy, cdkyk vk;kA
;g Hkh dgk tkrk gS fd blls igys mldk tgkt leqnzh rwQku esa f?kj x;k FkkA ijUrq mlds
}kjk dh x;h xq: lkfgc dh izkFkZuk us mls cpk fy;kA rc mlus xq: lkfgc dks 500 Lo.kZ
eqnzk;sa HksVa djus dk fu.kZ; fy;k FkkA cdkyk igqp a rs gh mls cgqr ls xq:vksa dk lkeuk djuk
iM+kA lHkh vius dks lPpk xq: crk jgs FksA mlus mu lcdks nks&nks flDds fn;s ,oa fdlh us
Hkh mls dqN ugha dgkA vius vki dks xq: dgykus okys yksx nks nks Lo.kZ eqnzk;sa ysdj [kq'k gks
x;sA ijUrq eD[ku 'kkg yqckuk dks yxk fd ;gka dqN xyr py jgk gSA fQj mls ,d ckj
dqN xkao okyksa ls irk pyk fd ;gka ,d vkSj xq:] xq: rsx cgknqj gSA oks xq: dks ns[kus ds
fy, muds ?kj igqp a k tgka xq: lkfgc ,dkar esa /;ku yxkdj cSBs gq, FksA tc mlus xq:
lkfgc dks nks Lo.kZ eqnzk;s HksVa dh] rks xq: lkfgc us iwNk fd oks viuk oknk ¼500 Lo.kZ eqnzk;sa
HksVa djus dk½ D;ksa rksM+ jgk gS\ bl ij eD[ku 'kkg viuh [kq'kh ij dkcw ugha ik ldkA oks
rqjar mlh ?kj dh Nr ij p<k vkSj jks&jks dj fpYykus yxk ^^xq: yk/kks js--- xq: yk/kks js**
;kfu fd mlus lPps xq: dks ik fy;k gSA ;g lqudj cM+h la[;k esa fl[k HkDr ogka ,df=r
gq, vkSj lPps xq: ds izfr viuh vkLFkk izxV dhA
bl ?kVuk us /khj ey dks vk?kkr igqp a k;k vkSj oks xq: rsxcgkqnj lkfgc ij vkØe.k djus
ds fy, dqN xq.Mksa ds lkFk ogka igqp a kA uoEcj 1664 esa xq: lkfgc vius lai.w kZ ifjokj ds lkFk
xq: gjefUnj lkfgc ds n'kZuksa ds fy, ve`rlj x;s ijUrq ogka ds ea=h us xq: lkfgc dks efUnj
esa izo's k ugha djus fn;kA xq: rsx cgknqj lkfgc us bldk cyiwoZd fojks/k u djrs gq, ckgj ls
gh n'kZu dj oYykg] [kMwj lkfgc] xksbUnoky] rjurkju lkfgc] [ksedju gksrs gq, dhjriqj
lkfgc igqp a As dhjriqj igqp
a us ls igys os ryo.Mh lcks] ckxM+ vkSj <a<kSj Hkh x;sA ;g uksV
djus ;ksX; ckr gS fd tgka Hkh xq: lkfgc x;s ogka mUgksua s u, izpkj dsUnzksa dks LFkkfir fd;kA
xq: rsx cgknqj lkfgc ebZ 1665 esa dhjriqj lkfgc igqp a As
twu 1665 esa xq: rsx cgknqj th us fcykliqj ds jktk ls lryt unh ds fdukjs e[kksoky
xkao esa dqN tehu [kjhnh vkSj ogka ij viuh iwtuh; ekrk ukudh th ds uke ij ^^pd
ukudh** uke ds 'kgj dh cqfu;kn j[khA ckn esa bl uxj dk uke Jh vkuUniqj lkfgc j[k
fn;k x;kA
bl u;s uxj esa dqN le; fcrkus ds Ik'pkr xq: lkfgc us jk"Vªoknh fl[k er dks etcwr
fd;kA u, mins'k dsUnzksa dh LFkkiuk rFkk iqjkus mins'k dsUnzksa ds th.kksZRa Fkku djus ds m)s'; ls
iwoZ dh vksj izLFkku fd;kA ;g mudk f}rh; /kkfeZd izokl FkkA vxLr 1665 dks vius ifjokj
ds lnL;ksa ds vykok dqN fl[k HkDrks]a ftuesa HkkbZ erh nkl th] HkkbZ lrhnkl th] HkkbZ laxrh;
th] HkkbZ n;kyk nkl th vkSj HkkbZ tsBkth 'kkfey Fks] ds lkFk vkuUniqj lkfgc ls ekuork dks
nq[kksa ls eqDr djus ds mn~n's ; ls izokl vkjEHk fd;kA xq: lkfgc dh laxrksa esa vk'khokZn ds
fy, c<rh yksxksa dh HkhM+ us eqxy 'kkldksa ds dku [kM+s dj fn;sA tc fnlEcj 1665 esa xq:
lkfgc ckaxM+ ds /ke/ku {ks= ls vk jgs Fks rks eqxy vf/kdkjh vkye [kku jksfgyk us fnYyh
lYrur ds vkns'k ij HkkbZ lrh nkl th] HkkbZ erh nkl th] HkkbZ n;kyk nkl th vkSj dqN
vU; fl[kksa ds lkFk xq: lkfgc dks fxj¶rkj dj fy;kA bu lHkh dks ckn'kkg vkSjx a tsc ds
njckj esa is'k fd;k x;kA ftUgksua s bu lHkh dks jktk t; flag fetkZ ds iq= daoj jke flag
dPNokgk dks lkSia us dk vkns'k fn;kA D;ksfa d jktk t; flag fetkZ dk ifjokj fl[k /keZ dk
vuq;k;h Fkk] blfy, mUgksus xq: lkfgc vkSj vU; fl[kksa dks dSfn;ksa ds :Ik esa ugha cfYd
esgekuksa ds :Ik esa Lokxr fd;k vkSj lkFk gh ckn'kkg ds njckj ls mu lc dh fjgkbZ ds vkns'k
Hkh ikfjr djok;sA xq: lkfgc dks nks ekg Ik'pkr NksM+ fn;k x;kA vius
/kkfeZd izokl ds Øe dks tkjh j[krs gq, xq: lkfgc eFkqjk igqp a s tgka ls vkxjk ,oa bVkok]
dkuiqj] Qrsgiqj gksrs gq, bykgkckn igqp a As oks cukjl vkSj lklkjke dk izokl djrs gq, ebZ
1666 dks iVuk igqp a As

xq: rsx cgknqj lkfgc vDVwcj 1666 esa eqx a sj] dkyhdV ¼dksydrk½] lkfgcxat vkSj dkar
uxj gksrs gq, <kdk dh rjQ vxzlj gq,A ijUrq bu LFkkuksa dh rjQ izokl ls igys mUgksua s
ekrk iSnh uked fl[k efgyk dh cjlkr o ckM+ esa mlds ifjokj lfgr j{kk dhA ml le;
ekrk xqtjh th xHkZorh FkhA lHkh LFkkuksa ij xq: th :drs] lRlax djrs vkSj dhrZuksa dk
vk;kstu fd;k tkrk vkSj /kkfeZd mins'k fn;s tkrsA cgqr ls egRoiw.kZ fl[k tSls HkkbZ erh nkl
th] HkkbZ lrh nkl th] HkkbZ n;kyk nkl th vkSj ckck xqjfnRrk th us xq: lkfgc dks bu
izoklksa ds nkSjku egRoiw.kZ lg;ksx fn;kA
<kdk esa xq: lkfgc us fl[k HkDrksa vyeLr th vkSj uRFkk lkfgc dh enn ls gtwjh laxr
dh jpuk dhA tgka ij xq: th /kkfeZd mins'k fn;k djrs Fks] ogka ij vc xq:}kjk laxr Vksyk
gSA ;g og LFkku gS] tgka ij xq: th us iq= jRu ¼xq: xksfcUn lkfgc½ ds tUe dk lan's k lquk
FkkA ftudk tUe iksg lwnh lIreh ¼23 iksg½ fcØe lEor 1723] ¼22 fnlEcj] 1666½ dks iVuk
esa gqvk FkkA <kdk ls xq: lkfgc us tkfr;k igkfM+;ksa vkSj f'kygV ds fy, izLFkku fd;k] tgka
mUgksus fl[kksa ds fy, mins'k dsUnzksa dks LFkkfir fd;k vkSj vxjryk gksrs gq, fpVxksx a igqp
a As
xq: lkfgc 1668 esa <kdk okfil igaqpAs bl le; LoxhZ; jktk t; flag dk iq= jktk
jke flag] tks fd <kdk esa igys ls vle dwp ds fy, rS;kfj;ka dj jgk Fkk] xq: lkfgc ls
lQyrk ds fy, vk'khokZn ysus vk;kA ¼dqN ,sfrgkfld nLrkost dgrs gSa fd jktk jke flag
xq: th ls x;k esa feyk FkkA½ D;ksfa d xq: th Lo;a Hkh iwoZorhZ jkT;ksa dk nkSjk dj jgs Fks rks
jktk jke flag us muls vkxzg fd;k fd oks mlds lkFk pys]a vkSj xq: lkfgc us mldk vkxzg
eku fy;kA vle esa czgeiq= unh ds fdukjs fLFkfr <qczh esa xq: laxr us uke fleju o xq#
'kcn~ fpUru esa Hkkx fy;kA tgka vkt nenek lkfgc uked xq:}kjk fLFkr gSA blls igys xq:
ukud lkfgc us Hkh blh txg dk izokl fd;k FkkA xq: rsx cgknqj lkfgc th dh cnkSyr
jktk jke flag vkSj dke:Ik ds 'kkld ds chp ,d 'kkafriw.kZ le>kSrk gks x;kA xq:
lkfgc us 1670 esa vle dks NksM+ iVuk ds fy, dwp fd;kA
Hkkjr esa fgUnqvksa ij eqfLye tsgknh etgch jkT; dk izdksi tkjh FkkA vkSjx a tsc ds 'kklu
esa fgUnqvksa dk dRys&vke ,d vke ckr FkhA vkSjx a tsc us Hkkjr ls fgUnwRo dks tM+ ls feVkus
dk eu cuk fy;k Fkk vkSj blds fy, mlus dbZ ;kstukvksa ij vey djuk izkjEHk dj fn;k Fkk]
tSls & fgUnw O;kikfj;ksa ij dj] xSj eqfLyeksa ij /kkfeZd dj ¼tft;k dj½ vkfn fØ;kfUor
fd;sA fnokyh vkSj gksyh tSls R;ksgkjksa ij ikcanh yxk nh x;hA mlus cgqr ls ifo= vkSj
egRoiw.kZ eafnjksa dks /oLr djok;k vkSj muds LFkku ij efLtnksa dk fuekZ.k djok;kA ,sfrgkfld
nLrkost dgrs gSa fd mlus dqN xq:}kjksa dks Hkh rqMo+ k;kA
xq: rsx cgknqj us tc vkSjx a tsc dh bu djrwrksa ds ckjs esa lquk rks mUgksus iatkc dh vksj
:[k fd;kA twu 1670 esa cgqr ls fl[k HkDrksa ds lkFk mUgsa vkxjk esa fxj¶rkj dj fy;k x;kA
mUgsa fnYyh ds 'kkgh njckj esa is'k fd;k x;k ijUrq tYn gh mUgsa NksM+ fn;k x;kA Qjojh
1671 esa xq: lkfgc vkuUniqj lkfgc ykSV vk;sA mUgksus ogka ij fl[k /keZ dk mins'k nsrs gq,
'kkafriw.kZ nks o"kZ fcrk;sA ;gka ij mudk ifjp; vke turk ds nq[kksa ls gqvkA
1672 es]a xq: lkfgc iatkc ds ekyok {ks= dh vksj ,d vkSj /kkfeZd izokl ij fudy iM+As
;g {ks= lkekftd ,oa vkfFkZd :Ik ls fiNM+ gqvk FkkA ijUrq ;gka ds yksx ifjJeh] o xjhc FksA
;g yksx ihus ds ikuh] nw/k] f'k{kk ,oa lk/kkj.k [kk| lkexzh tSlh vk/kkjHkwr lqfo/kkvksa ls Hkh
oafpr FksA xq: lkfgc us bl {ks= esa yxHkx <kbZ o"kZ rd izokl fd;kA
mUgksua s xkao okyksa dh cgqr izdkj ls enn dhA xq: lkfgc vkSj fl[k laxrksa us xkao okyksa
dks catj Hkwfe esa o`{kkjksi.k esa lgk;rk dhA xkao okyksa dks nqX/k mRiknu ds izfs jr fd;k x;k vkSj
dbZ Hkwfeghu xjhc fdlkuksa dks xq: th }kjk eq¶r esa nw/kk: xk;ksa dks ckaVk x;kA ihus ds ikuh
dh leL;k ls futkr ikus ds fy, xq: lkfgc ds vkgoku ij dkj lsok dj cgqr ls dqv a ksa dks
Hkh [kqnok;k x;kA bl izdkj xq: lkfgc us lkekU;tu ds chp esa lkeU; cudj egRoiw.kZ dk;Z
fd;sA bl lc ds nkSjku cgqr ls l[kh ljcj ¼eqfLye /keZ½ ds vuq;k;h fl[k /keZ dh vksj
vkd`f"kr gq,A xq: lkfgc ds izoklksa ds eq[; ,oa egRoiw.kZ iM+ko ikfV;kyk ¼nq[kfuokj.k lkfgc½]
leks]a Hkhdh] rgyk lkfgc] vkSj HkfV.Mk esa ryo.Mh] xksbUnoky] edjksM+k] ckaxj vkSj /ke/ku esa
gqvkA Ms< o"kZ rd bu LFkyksa dk izokl djus ds Ik'pkr xq: lkfgc 1675 esa vkuUniqj lkfgc
ykSVAs
bu /kkfeZd izoklksa vkSj lekt lsok dk;ks± us eqfLye dV~VjiafFk;ksa ds dku [kM+s dj fn;s]
vkSj muds eu esa ,d Mj iSnk dj fn;kA nwljh rjQ eqxy 'kklu ds xqIrpjksa us xq: rsx
cgknqj lkfgc th dh /kkfeZd xfrfof/k;ksa dh lwpuk c<k p<k dj eqxy 'kkld dks Hkst nhA
tSlk fd ;g igys bafxr fd;k tk pqdk gS fd Hkkjr dks eqfLye etgch jkT; cukus ds
fy, fgUnqvksa dks cyiwoZd /kekZarfjr fd;k tk jgk Fkk vkSj bl y{; dks tYn ls tYn ikus ds
fy, dk'kh] iz;kx] dq:{ks=] gfj}kj vkSj d'ehj ds czkge.kksa dks bl dk;Z ds fy, pquk tk jgk
FkkA mu ij gj izdkj ds tqYe fd;s tk jgs FksA mUgksua s ,d Qrok tkjh fd;k fd ;k rks
bLyke dks dcwy djks ;k ekSr ds fy;s rS;kj gks tkvksA ;g ,d cgqr gh [ksn dk fo"k; Fkk fd
;g lc mu cgknqj dgs tkus okys jktiwr jktkvksa vkSj eqf[k;kvksa dh ukd ds uhps gks jgk Fkk]
tks fd mlh eqxy 'kklu dk ,d fgLlk FksA viuh rjQ gh fu'kkuk lk/ks gq, oks ewd n'kZd cus
jgsA mUgksus vkSjx a tsc dh bl Øwj gjdr ds f[kykQ ,d NksVh lh vkokt Hkh ugha mBkbZA
Hkkjr esa cM+h la[;k esa /kekZarj.k fd;k tk jgk Fkk vkSj 'ksj vQxku [kku tks fd d'ehj esa
eqxy 'kklu dk iz'kkld Fkk] bl dk;Z dks djus okyk igyk eqxy vf/kdkjh FkkA gtkjksa
d'ehjh iafMrksa dks ekj fn;k x;k vkSj mudh laifRr;ksa dks ywV fy;k x;kA gtkjksa d'ehjh
fL=;ksa dks vxok fd;k x;k] cykRdkj fd;k x;k vkSj mudh nqnZ'kk gqbZA
1675 esa iafMr d`ik jke nÙk dh vxqokbZ esa d'ehjh iafMrksa dk ,d ny xq: rsx cgknqj
lkfgc ls enn ekaxus Jh vkuUniqj lkfgc vk;kA mUgksua s xq: lkfgc th ds le{k vius nq[kksa o
ihM+k dks j[kkA lkaLd`frd vkØe.k dk foLr`r C;kSjk is'k fd;kA xq: lkfgc us muds fopkjksa dks
lquk vkSj vkSjx a tsc ds bl dqd`R; dks cyiwoZd u djrs gq, 'kkafriw.kZ <ax ls djus dk fopkj
O;Dr fd;kA /keZ dh Lora=rk] cgqfopkjh fgUqn Hkkjrh; lekt dk laj{k.k vkSj lR; ds fy,
xq: lkfgc us fopkj foe'kZ fd;kA xgu lksp esa Mwcs xq# rsxcgknqj th ls iq= xksfcUn jk; us
iwNk fd fpUrk dk dkj.k D;k gSA rks xq# lkfgc us vius iq= dks iwjk fo"k; le>k;kA rc cky
xksfcUn jk; th us iwNk fd bl leL;k dk gy D;k gksxkA rks xq: rsxcgknqj th us dgk fd
vfgalk ds ekxZ ij pyrs gq, fdlh lar egkiq#"k ds cfynku ls gh bl tsgknh va/kM+ ls
NqVdkjk fey ik,xkA bl ij cky xksfcUn jk; th us dgk fd ^^firkth! vki ls cM+k lar
egkiq#"k bl dk;Z ds fy, vkSj dkSu gks ldrk gS\** xq# rsxcgknqj th us lkoZtfud :i ls
,syku fd;k vkSj eqxy vkSjx a tsc rd bl ckr dks igqp a k;k Hkh fd ;fn os xq# rsxcgknqj th
dks dyek i<+ok dj] tcj ls eqlyeku cuok ysx a ]s rks lHkh d'ehjh iafMr eqlyeku cu
tk,axAs vkuUniqj lkfgc esa xq: lkfgc us 1675 esa vius iq= xq: xksfcUn flag nlosa ukud ds
:Ik esa LFkkfir dj fnYyh dh vksj ;k=k vkjEHk dj nh FkhA xq# rsxcgknqj th us jkLrs&jkLrs
ij tu&tkxj.k dk dk;Z izkjEHk dj fn;k FkkA tc xq: rsx cgknqj lkfgc vkxjk ds lehi
igqpa s rks fetkZ uwj eksgEen [kku us xq: lkfgc vkSj muds rhu fl[kks& a HkkbZ efrnkl] HkkbZ
lfrnkl] HkkbZ n;kykth dks fxj¶rkj dj fy;kA mlus mUgsa ykyfdys esa cUn dj fn;k vkSj
jkst ;kruk;sa nsus yxkA bLyke dcwy djokus] dkfQjksa dks n.M nsus vkSj tsgknh eulacw ksa dks
iwjk djus ds Øe esa HkkbZ efrnkl th dks xq#th ds lkeus gh vkjs ls fpjok fn;k x;kA HkkbZ
lfrnkl th dks :bZ ls cka/kdj vkx ds gokys dj fn;k x;kA HkkbZ n;kyk th dks nsx esa
mcky fn;k x;kA ;g lc cgqfopkjh lekt dks ,d fopkjh bLykeh lekt esa ifjofrZr djus ds
fy, fd;k x;kA ;s lHkh dqd`R; dqjku] 'kfj;k dkuwu dh jks'kuh esa fd;k x;kA
vc xq: lkfgc dh ckjh Fkh] tks dh 'kkar ,oa pqi FksA mlus xq: th dks rhu fodYi fn;s
& 1- dksbZ peRdkj fn[kkvks 2- bLyke dcwy djks ;k 3- ekSr ds fy, rS;kj gks tkvksA xq:
lkfgc us vafre fodYi dk pquko fd;kA xq: lkfgc dks vVy ns[krs gq, 'kklu us tYykn dks
gqDe fn;k fd oks mudk flj /kM+ ls vyx dj nsA gqDe dh rkehy gqbZA bfrgkldkj bls 11
uoEcj] 1675 dh ?kVuk ekurs gSAa fnYyh ds pkanuh pkSd esa ljskvke] gtkjksa dh ekStnw xh esa
vkSjxa tsc ds vkns'k ij] dkth&eqYykvksa ds fØ;kUo;u ds ckn tYyknksa }kjk xq# rsxcgknqj th
dk 'kh'k nsg ls vyx dj fn;k x;kA bl dqd`R; ds ckn ,d tksjnkj rwQku vk;kA blus
'kgj ds yksxksa esa gypy iSnk dj nhA bu ifjfLFkfr;ksa esa HkkbZ tsBk th xq: lkfgc ds ikou
'kh'k dks ,d Vksdjh esa lko/kkuh iwoZd j[kdj Jh vkuUniqj lkfgc yk;sA oks 15 uoEcj dks
vkuUniqj lkfgc ds fudV dhjriqj lkfgc igqp a As mUkdk lEeku iwoZd Lokxr fd;k x;k vkSj
xq: xksfcUn jk; us mUgsa ^^jaxjsVk xq: dk csVk** uke ls lEekfur fd;kA flj dk vafre laLdkj
iwjs lEeku ds lkFk fd;k x;k vkSj vxys fnu ckdh laLdkj fd;s x;sA bl ifjfLFkfr dk ykHk
mBkrs gq, xq: rsxcgknqj th ds 'kjhj ds nwljs fgLls dks ,d cgknqj fl[k ckck yD[kh 'kkg
catkjk ,d izfl) catkjk O;kikjh vkSj Bsdns kj] vius lkFk ys x;k vkSj mlus rqjar vius ?kj ds
vUnj ydfM+;ka bdV~Bh dj 'kke ds le; vfXu HksVa dj nhA bl izdkj dherh oLrqvksa ds lkFk
iwjk ?kj ty dj jk[k gks x;kA vc bl LFkku ij xq:}kjk jdkcxat gSA
xq: lkfgc dh 'kgknr us Hkkjr ds bfrgkl dks cgqr izHkkfor fd;k gSA bl ?kVuk us eqxy
'kklu ds cqfu;knh etgch O;fDrRo dks Hkkjr dh turk ds lEeq[k csinkZ fd;k vkSj muds }kjk
fd;s tk jgs vU;k; vkSj tqYeksa dks iznf’kZr dj] Hkkjrh; tuksa dks tkx`r fd;kA blls mUgsa
,glkl gks x;k fd oks dsoy 'kL= ls gh vius /keZ dh j{kk dj ldrs gSAa bl ?kVuk us
[kkylk l`tuk ds fy, moZjk Hkwfe rS;kj dhA ;g Hkkjrh; bfrgkl dh egkure ?kVukvksa esa ls
,d gSA bl ?kVuk ls Hkkjr jk"Vª dh vo/kkj.kk dks cy feyrk gSA bl ?kVuk ls xq# egkjkt
ds fo'kky n`f"Vdks.k dk lk{kkRdkj Hkh gksrk gSA
ia- tokgj yky usg: d'ehjh if.Mrksa ds lkekftd lewg ls vk, FksA vius
iwoZtksa ls izse LoHkkfod gksrk gSA bl n`f"Vdks.k ls if.Mr usg: dks xq# rsxcgknqj
th dk d`rK gksuk pkfg,A ysfdu bfrgkl dh iqLrd ^fMLdojh vkWQ bf.M;k* fy[krs
le;] eqfLye rq"Vhdj.k ds dkj.k mUgsa xq# rsxcgknqj th ds ckjs esa fy[kuk Bhd
ugha le>kA bZjku dks bLykeh gksrs dsoy 20 o"kZ yxsA vkt Hkkjr us viuk Lo:i
cuk, j[kk gS] rks blds ihNs iape~ xq# vtqZunso th vkSj uoe~ rsxcgknqj th ds egku
cfynku Hkh dkj.k gSA ysfdu ;g vQlksl dk fo"k; gS fd ns'k dh tula[;k ds ,d
cMs+ Hkkx dks ;k rks Kku ugha gS] Kku gS rks laosnughurk gS] ;k dksbZ tkfrxr vFkok
iafFkd dkj.kkas ls mUgsa xq# lkfgcku ds fo"k; Bhd ugha yxrsA
xq: lkfgc ,d egku dfo vkSj fpUrd FksA os dgrs gSa &
 ^^HkkbZ dkgw dkm nsr uSg] uSg HkkbZ eUur vUu]
dkgw ukud lquq js ekuk] Kkuh rkgh c[kkuAA
¼&Jh xq: xzUFk lkfgc 1427½
xq: lkfgc us 15 jkxksa esa xqjckf.k;ksa ds vykok 57 'yksd] tks fd Jh xq: xzUFk lkfgc esa xq:
xksfcUn lkfgc }kjk mfYyf[kr fd;s x;s fy[ksA