EJERCICIOS: SOLUCION DE ECUACIONES DIFERENCIALES ORDINARIAS

INGRID JULIET GUEVARA-1803232

ANGIE LORENA ESPINOSA-1803152

PRIMER PUNTO
3
a) 𝑥 2 𝑦𝑦 ′ = (𝑦 2 − 1)2
𝑑𝑦 3
𝑥2𝑦 = (𝑦 2 − 1)2
𝑑𝑥
3
𝑑𝑦 (𝑦 2 − 1)2
=
𝑑𝑥 𝑥2𝑦
𝑑𝑦(𝑦) 𝑑𝑥
∫ 3 = ∫ 𝑥2
(𝑦 2 − 1)2
𝑢 = 𝑦2 − 1
𝑑𝑢 = 2𝑦𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑢
𝑦𝑑𝑦 =
2
𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
∫ 3 = ∫ 𝑥2
2(𝑢)2
1 𝑑𝑢 𝑑𝑥
∫ 3 =∫ 2
2 𝑥
𝑢2
−1
−𝑢 2 + 𝑐 = −𝑥 −1
1⁄
−(𝑦 2 − 1)− 2 + 𝑐 = −𝑥 −1
1
2 2
1
𝑦 = (( + 𝑐) + 1)
𝑥
b) 𝑦 − 2𝑦 ′ − 3𝑦 = 10 cos(𝑡) ; 𝑦(0) = 2, 𝑦 ′ (0) = 7
′′

𝑚2 − 2𝑚 − 3 = 0
𝑚 = 3 𝑚 = −1
𝑦1 = 𝑒 3𝑡 𝑦2 = 𝑒 −𝑡
𝑦ℎ = 𝐶1 𝑒 3𝑡 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −𝑡
𝑓(𝑡) = 10 cos(𝑡) => 𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡) + 𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡)
𝑦 ′ 𝑝 = −𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡) + 𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡)
𝑦 ′′ 𝑝 = −𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡) − 𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡)
−𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡) − 𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛𝑡(𝑡) + 2𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡) − 2𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡) − 3𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡) − 3𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡) − 4𝐴𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡)
− 4𝐵𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡) + 2𝐴𝑠𝑖𝑛(𝑡) − 2𝐵𝑐𝑜𝑠(𝑡) = 10 cos(𝑡)
−4𝐴 − 2𝐵 = 10
{ 𝐴 = −2 ; 𝐵 = −1
−4𝐴 + 2𝐵 = 0
𝑦𝑝 = −2 cos(𝑡) − sin(𝑡)
𝑦𝑡 = 𝐶1 𝑒 3𝑡 + 𝐶2 𝑒 −𝑡 − 2 cos(𝑡) − sin(𝑡)
2 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2 − 2 − 0
4 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2
𝑦 ′ 𝑡 = 3𝐶1 𝑒 3𝑡 − 𝐶2 𝑒 −𝑡 + 2 sin(𝑡) − cos(𝑡)
7 = 3𝑐1 + 𝑐2 + 0 − 1 𝑐1 = 3
8 = 3𝑐1 − 𝑐2 𝑐2 = 1
3𝑡 −𝑡
𝑦𝑡 = 31 𝑒 + 𝑒 − 2 cos(𝑡) − sin(𝑡)
𝑑𝑦
g) 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔(𝑥 + 𝑦)
𝑢 =𝑥+𝑦
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
1+ =
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑢
= −1
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
− 1 = 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔(𝑢)
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
= 𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔(𝑢) + 1
𝑑𝑥
𝑑𝑢
∫ = ∫ 𝑑𝑥
𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑔(𝑢) + 1
𝑑𝑢
∫ =𝑥+𝑐
sin(𝑥)⁄ + 1
cos(𝑥)
cos(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
∫ =𝑥
sin(𝑢) + cos(𝑢)
1 1
(sin(𝑢) + cos(𝑢)) + (−sin(𝑢) + cos(𝑢))
∫ 2 2 =𝑥+𝑐
sin(𝑢) + cos(𝑢)
1 −sin(𝑢) + cos(𝑢) + sin(𝑢) + cos(𝑢)
∫ =𝑥+𝑐
2 sin(𝑢) + cos(𝑢)
1 −sin(𝑢) + cos(𝑢)
∫ +𝑢 =𝑥+𝑐
2 sin(𝑢) + cos(𝑢)
𝑡 = sin(𝑢) + cos(𝑢)
𝑑𝑡 = −sin(𝑢) + cos(𝑢) 𝑑𝑢
1 1
∫ 𝑑𝑡 + 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
2 𝑡
1
𝐼𝑛(𝑡) + 𝑢 = 𝑥 + 𝑐
2
1
(ln(sin(𝑢) + cos(𝑢)) + 𝑢) = 𝑥 + 𝑐
2
ln(sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) + cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝑥 + 𝑦) = 2(𝑥 + 𝑐)
ln(sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) + cos(𝑥 + 𝑦) + 𝑦) = 𝑥 + 𝑐
𝑦 = 𝑥 + 𝑐 − ln(sin(𝑥 + 𝑦) + cos(𝑥 + 𝑦))
 h) 𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑦 ′ + 5𝑦 = 1 + 𝑥
𝑦(0) = 0
𝑦′(0) = 4
𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑦 ′ + 5𝑦 = 0
𝑚2 − 2𝑚 + 5 = 0
𝑚1 = 1 + 2𝑖
𝑚1 = 1 − 2𝑖
𝑦ℎ = 𝑒 𝑎𝑥 𝐶1 cos(𝑏𝑥) + 𝐶2 sin(𝑏𝑥)
𝑦ℎ = 𝑒 𝑥 𝐶1 cos(2𝑥) + 𝐶2 sin(2𝑥)
𝑦𝑝 = 𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶
𝑦′𝑝 = 2𝐴𝑥 + 𝐵
𝑦′′𝑝 = 2𝐴
2𝐴 − 2(2𝐴 + 𝐵) + 5(𝐴𝑥 2 + 𝐵𝑥 + 𝐶) = 1 + 𝑥
2𝐴 − 4𝐴𝑥 − 2𝐵 + 5𝐴𝑥 2 + 5𝐵 + 5𝐶 = 1 + 𝑥
2𝐴 − 2𝐵 + 5𝐶 = 1 𝐴=0
{ −4𝐴 + 5𝐵 = 1 𝐵 = 0,2
5𝐴 = 0 𝐶 = 0,28
𝑦ℎ = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝐶1 cos(2𝑥) + 𝐶2 sin(2𝑥)) + 0,2𝑥 + 0,28
0 = 𝑒 0 (𝐶1 cos(0) + 𝐶2 sin(0))
𝐶1 = 0
𝑦 ′ ℎ = 𝑒 𝑥 (𝐶1 cos(2𝑥) + 𝐶2 sin(2𝑥))+ 𝑒 𝑥 (−𝐶1 sin(2𝑥) + 𝐶2 cos(2𝑥))
𝑐2 = 4
Solución:
𝑦 = 𝑒 𝑥 4 sin(2𝑥) + 0,2𝑥 + 0,28

i) Use la variación de parámetros para la solución de la ED

I) 𝑥 𝟐 𝑦 ′′ − 2𝑥𝑦 ′ − (𝑥 2 − 2)𝑦 = 3𝑥 4
−2 ′ 2
𝑦 ′′ − 𝑦 − [1 − 2 ] 𝑦 = 3𝑥 2
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 ′′ + 𝑓(𝑥)𝑦 ′ + 𝑔(𝑥)𝑦 = 0
𝑦 = 𝑢𝑥
2 2
𝑓(𝑥) = − ; 𝑔(𝑥) = 2 − 1
𝑥 𝑥
𝑦 ′ = 𝑢′ 𝑥 + 𝑢𝑥 ′ = 𝑢′ 𝑥 + 𝑢
𝑦 ′′ = 2𝑥 ′ + 𝑢′ 𝑥 ′′ + 𝑥𝑢′′
𝑦′′ = 2𝑢′ + 𝑥𝑢′′
2 𝑥2 + 2
[2𝑢′ + 𝑥𝑢′′] − [𝑢′ 𝑥 + 𝑢] + ( 2 ) (𝑢𝑥) = 0
𝑥 𝑥
 2𝑢 2𝑢
2𝑢′ + 𝑥𝑢′′ − 2𝑢′′ − − 𝑥𝑢 + =0
𝑥 𝑥
𝑥𝑢′′ − 𝑥𝑢 = 0
𝑢′′ − 𝑢 = 0

𝑒 𝑟𝑥 (𝑟 2 − 1) = 0
𝑟 = ±1
𝑢 = 𝐶1 𝑒 −𝑥 − 𝐶2 𝑒 𝑥
𝑦 = 𝑢𝑥 = 𝑥𝐶1 𝑒 −𝑥 − 𝑥𝐶2 𝑒 𝑥
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑤1𝑥𝑒 −𝑥 − 𝑤2𝑥𝑒 𝑥
𝑦2𝑓(𝑥)
𝑤1 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑦2 = 𝑒 𝑥
𝑤

𝑦1𝑓(𝑥)
𝑤2 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 𝑦1 = 𝑒 −𝑥
𝑤
𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒𝑥
𝑤=| ′ ′ |=| | = 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 + 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑒 𝑥 = 2
𝑦1 𝑦2 −𝑒 𝑥 𝑒𝑥
𝑒 𝑥 3𝑥 2 −3 −3
𝑤1 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 𝑥 𝑥 2 = 𝑒 −𝑥 ( 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 3) + 𝑐
2 2 2
𝑒 −𝑥 3𝑥 2 −3 −3
𝑤2 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑥 2 = 𝑒 −𝑥 ( 𝑥 2 − 3𝑥 − 3) + 𝑐
2 2 2
−3 2 −3
𝑦𝑝 = 𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑥 ( 𝑥 − 3𝑥 − 3) + 𝑒 𝑥 𝑒 −𝑥 𝑥 ( 𝑥 2 + 3𝑥 − 3)
2 2
𝑦𝑝 = −3𝑥 3 − 6𝑥

𝑦 = 𝐶1 𝑒 −𝑥 − 𝐶2 𝑒 𝑥 − 3𝑥 3 − 6𝑥
1 1
II) (𝑥 2 − 1)𝑦 ′′ + 4𝑥𝑦 ′ + 2𝑦 ′ = 2𝑥 ; 𝑦1 = 𝑥−1 ; 𝑦2 = 𝑥+1 ; 𝑦(0) = 0; 𝑦 ′ (0) = −2

1 1
𝑦𝑛 = 𝑐1 + 𝑐2
𝑥−1 𝑥+1
4𝑥 2 2𝑥
𝑦 ′′ + 𝑦′ + 2 𝑦= 2
(𝑥 2− 1) (𝑥 − 1) (𝑥 − 1)
2𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) =
(𝑥 2 − 1)
1 1
𝑦1 𝑦2 𝑥−1 𝑥+1 2
𝑤=| ′ | = | −1 | =
𝑦 1 𝑦′2 −1 (𝑥 − 1)2
2

(𝑥 − 1)2 (𝑥 + 1)2
 𝑓(𝑥) 2𝑥 (𝑥 2 − 1)2
= 2 = 𝑥3 − 𝑥
𝑤 (𝑥 − 1)(2)

𝑥(𝑥 2 − 1) −𝑥 3 𝑥 2
𝑤1 = − ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = − ∫ 𝑥 2 − 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = + +𝑐
𝑥+1 3 2
𝑥(𝑥 2 − 1) 2
𝑥3 𝑥2
𝑤2 = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 = ∫ 𝑥 + 𝑥 𝑑𝑥 = + +𝑐
𝑥+1 3 2
2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2
− 6 6
𝑦𝑝 = +
𝑥−1 𝑥+1
−2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 2𝑥 3 + 3𝑥 2 𝑥3
𝑦𝑝 = + =
6(𝑥 − 1) 6(𝑥 + 1) 3(𝑥 2 − 1)
1 1 𝑥3
𝑦 = 𝑐1 𝑥−1 + 𝑐2 𝑥+1 +3(𝑥2 −1)

SEGUNDO PUNTO

1) A. (12𝑒 2𝑥 𝑦 2 − 𝑦)𝑑𝑥 = 𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑦
= (12𝑒 2𝑥 𝑦 2 − 𝑦); 𝑦(0) = 1;
𝑑𝑥
ℎ = 0.01,0.05,0.1.

𝜋
B. (3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥 + (𝑥 2 + cos(𝑦))𝑑𝑦 = 0; 𝑦(0) = 2 ;

(𝑥 2 + cos(𝑦))𝑑𝑦 = −(3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦)𝑑𝑥

𝑑𝑦 (3𝑥 2 + 2𝑥𝑦)
=− 2 → 𝑓(𝑥, 𝑦)
𝑑𝑥 (𝑥 + cos(𝑦))

𝑑𝑦
C. 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑥2 + 𝑦2; 𝑦(0) = 0; 𝑦(1) =? ;
𝑑𝐶
2) 𝑑𝑡
= 𝐶(1 − 0.005𝐶); 𝐶(0) = 1; ℎ = 0.01 → 𝑡 = 10?

𝐶(10) = 198.2090532 (𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑗𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜)

𝐶(10) = 239.66336 (𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝑅𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑒 𝐾𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑎)

𝑑𝑦 2𝑥
3) 𝑑𝑥
= 𝑦
− 𝑥𝑦; 𝑦(0) = 1; ℎ = 0.01 → 𝑥 = 7?

𝑑𝑦 2 𝑑𝑦 2 − 𝑦2
= 𝑥 ( − 𝑦) → = 𝑥( )
𝑑𝑥 𝑦 𝑑𝑥 𝑦
𝑦𝑑𝑦
= 𝑥𝑑𝑥
(2 − 𝑦 2 )
 𝑦𝑑𝑦
∫ = ∫ 𝑥𝑑𝑥
(2 − 𝑦 2 )

𝑢 = 2 − 𝑦2
𝑑𝑢 = −2𝑦𝑑𝑦
𝑑𝑢
𝑑𝑦 =
−2𝑦
𝑦𝑑𝑦 𝑦𝑑𝑢 1 𝑑𝑢 1
∫ (2−𝑦2 ) = ∫ −2𝑦(𝑢) → − 2 ∫ 𝑢
= − 2 𝐿𝑛(𝑢) + 𝑘

1 𝑥2
− 𝐿𝑛(𝑢) = + 𝑘1 → 𝐿𝑛(𝑢) = −(𝑥 2 + 𝐾)
2 2
2 2 2
𝑒 𝐿𝑛(2−𝑦 ) = 𝑒 −(𝑥 +𝐾) → 2 − 𝑦 2 = 𝐾𝑒 −𝑥
2
𝑦 = √2 − 𝐾𝑒 −𝑥
Aplicando condiciones iniciales:
1 = √2 − 𝑘𝑒 0 → 1 = √2 − 𝑘 → 𝑘 = 2 − 1 = 1
𝑦(7) = √2 = 1.41421356
𝑦(7) = 1.414213562. 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑜(𝐸𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑗𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜)
𝑦(7) = 1.433255208. 𝑎𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑜(𝑅𝑢𝑛𝑔𝑒 − 𝐾𝑢𝑡𝑡𝑎)

𝑑𝑖 𝑞
4) 𝑉𝐴𝐵 = 𝐿 ( ) + 𝑅𝑖 + ;
𝑑𝑡 𝐶
L=0,05H; R=4,7ohms; C=1000uf; h=0,0002; V=15V

A. Para resolver la ecuación diferencial analíticamente se procede entonces de la siguiente

manera:
𝑑𝑖 𝑞
𝐿 ( ) + 𝑅𝑖 + = 𝑉𝑎𝑏
𝑑𝑡 𝐶
𝑑𝑞
𝑖=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑2 𝑞 𝑑𝑞 𝑞 𝑑2 𝑞 𝑅 𝑑𝑞 𝑞
𝐿 ( 2) + 𝑅 + = 15𝑉 → 2 + + = 15
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝐶 𝑑𝑡 𝐿 𝑑𝑡 𝐿𝐶
𝑅 1
polinomio característico: 𝑠 2 + 𝐿 𝑠 + 𝐿𝐶 → 𝑠 2 + 94𝑠 + 20000;

𝑠 = −47 ± 133.38𝑖
La solución Homogénea entonces es:
q(t)=𝑒 −47𝑡 (C1cos(133.38𝑡) + 𝐶2𝑠𝑒𝑛(133.38𝑡))
Luego al ser una constante 15V su derivada es 0, y su segunda derivada de igual manera
𝐴 15
es 0 por tanto: 𝐿𝐶 = 15 → 𝐴 = 20000 → 0,00075

La solución general de la ecuación entonces será:

q(t)=𝑒 −47𝑡 (C1cos(133.38𝑡) + 𝐶2𝑠𝑒𝑛(133.38𝑡)) + 0,00075

 𝑑𝑞
𝑖(0) = 0 → (0) = 0 → 𝑞(𝑡) = 𝑘 → 𝑞(0) = 0
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑞
= 𝑖 → 𝑑𝑞 = 𝑖𝑑𝑡 → ∫ 𝑑𝑞 = ∫ 𝑖𝑑𝑡 → 𝑞 = 𝑖𝑡 + 𝑐
𝑑𝑡
𝑞
𝑑𝑖 −𝑅𝑖 − 𝐶 + 𝑉𝐴𝐵 𝑑𝑖
( )= → = 20(−4,7𝑖 − 10000𝑖𝑡 + 15)
𝑑𝑡 𝐿 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑖
→ = −94𝑖 − 200000𝑖𝑡 + 300
𝑑𝑡

5)
A. Tanque=200L; A(0)=30g; En=4L/min-con=1g/L; Sal=2L/min.

4𝐿 1𝑔 4𝑔
𝑅𝑒 = ( )∗( )=
min 𝐿 𝑚𝑖𝑛
4𝐿 2L
( )− = 2𝐿/𝑚𝑖𝑛
min min

2L 𝐴 2𝐴 𝐴
𝑅𝑠 = ( ) = =
min (200 + 2𝑡) 2(100 + 𝑡) (100 + 𝑡)
Por último, la cantidad de sal por tiempo estará dada por la ecuación diferencial:
𝑑𝐴 𝐴
=4−
𝑑𝑡 (100 + 𝑡)
𝑑𝐴 𝐴
+ =4
𝑑𝑡 (100 + 𝑡)
𝑑𝑡
∫(100+𝑡)
𝑒 = 𝑒 𝐿𝑛(100+𝑡) → 100 + 𝑡
𝑑𝐴 𝐴
(100 + 𝑡) + (100 + 𝑡) = 4(100 + 𝑡)
𝑑𝑡 (100 + 𝑡)
𝑑
∫ ((100 + 𝑡) ∗ 𝐴) = ∫ 400 + 4𝑡
𝑑𝑡
(100 + 𝑡) ∗ 𝐴 = 400𝑡 + 2𝑡 2 + 𝐶

400𝑡 + 2𝑡 2 + 𝐶
𝐴(𝑡) =
(100 + 𝑡)
A(0)=30
30 ∗ 100 = 𝐶 = 3000
 B. A(2)=12; A(5)=?.
Usando:

400𝑡 + 2𝑡 2 + 𝐶
𝐴(𝑡) = → 12
(100 + 𝑡)
400(2) + 2(2)2 + 𝐶
𝐴(𝑇) = → 1224 = 800 + 8 + 𝐶 → 𝐶 = 416
(100 + 2)
400(5)+2(5)2 +416
A(5) = (100+5)
= 23,48571𝑔

C. 𝐴(5) = 23,48603 (𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟)

𝐴(5) = 23,48571 (𝐴𝑝𝑟𝑜𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑑𝑜 𝑝𝑜𝑟 𝐸𝑢𝑙𝑒𝑟 𝑚𝑒𝑗𝑜𝑟𝑎𝑑𝑜)
8)
𝑑𝑖 1
𝑙 + 𝑞 = −𝐸0 𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡
𝑑𝑡 𝑐
1
𝐿[𝑑′′ 𝑞(𝑡)] + 𝐿[𝑞(𝑡)] = 𝐸0 𝐿[𝑠𝑒𝑛𝑡]
𝑐
2
1 1
𝑙𝑠 𝑞(𝑠) + 𝑞(𝑠) = 2 (−𝐸0 )
𝑐 𝑠 +1
1 1
[𝑙𝑠 2 + ] 𝑞(𝑠) = 2 (−𝐸0 )
𝑐 𝑠 +1
𝑙(−𝐸0 )
𝑞(𝑠) =
1
(𝑠 2 + 1) (𝑙𝑠 2 + )
𝑐
𝐴 𝐵
𝑞(𝑠) = 2 +
𝑠 + 1 𝑙𝑠 2 + 1
𝑐
11)
𝑑𝐴1 1 1
= − 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 12
𝑑𝑡 5 20
𝑑𝐴2 1 1
= 𝐴1 − 𝐴2
𝑑𝑡 5 5
1 1
− 𝐴1 + 𝐴2 + 12
𝐹(𝑡, 𝐴) = { 5 20 }
1 1
𝐴1 − 𝐴2
5 5
𝐴2 (0) = 20
𝐴1 (0) = 40