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Formula Iitjee Straight-Line
Formula Iitjee Straight-Line
FOR IIT JEE
STRAIGHT LINE
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SL# FORMULA
Distance Between Two Points
1
d = AB = |x2 − x1 | = |x1 − x2 |
Dividing a Line Segment in the Ratio
2 x1 + λx2 AC
λx0 = , λ , λ ≠ − 1 .
1 + λ CB
Midpoint of a Line Segment
3 x1 + x2
x0 = , λ = 1 .
2
Distance Between Two Points
4
2 2
d = AB = √(x2 − x1 ) + (y2 − y1 )
Distance Between Two Points in Polar Coordinates
5
2 2
d = AB = √r + r − 2r1 r2 cos(ϕ2 − ϕ1 )
1 2
Converting Rectangular Coordinates to Polar Coordinates
6
x = r cos ϕ, y = r sin ψ.
Converting Polar Coordinates to Rectangular Coordinates
7 y
.
2 2
r = √x + y , tan ϕ =
x
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General Equation of a straight Line
8
Ax + By + C = 0
Normal Vector to a Straight Line The Vector
9 −−
−→
A, B is noramal to the line Ax + By + C = 0
10 Explicit Equation of a straight Line (Slope Intercept Form)y = kx + b .
Gradient of a Line
11 y2 − y1
k = tan α =
x2 − x1
Equation of a line given a point and the Gradient
12 y = y0 + k(x − x0 ), where k is the gradient,
P (x0 , y0 ) is a point on the line.
Equation of a Line That Passes Through Two Points
∣ x y 1∣
13 y − y1 x − x1 ∣ ∣
= or ∣ x1 y1 1∣ = 0
y2 − y1 x2 − x1 ∣ ∣
∣ x2 y2 1∣
Intercept Form
14 x y
+ = 1
a b
Normal Form
15
x cos β + y sin β − p = 0
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Point Direction Form
x − x1 y − y1
16 = ,
X Y
where (X, Y ) is the direction of the ine and P1 (x1 , y1 ) lies on the line.
Vertical Line
17
x = a
Horizontal Line
18
y = b
→
→ →
Vector equation of a Straight Line r = a + t b , where O is the origin of the coordinates,
X is any variable point on the line,
→
19 a is the position vector of a known point A on the line,
→
b is a known vector of direction, parallel to the line, t is a parameter,
→ −
−→
r = OX is the position vector of any pont X on the line.
20 x = a1 + tb1
Straight Line in Parametric Form { where (x, y) are the coordinates of any
y = a2 + tb2
unknown point on the line,
(a1 , a2 ) are the coordinates of a known point on the line,
are the coordinates of a vector parallel to the line,
(b1 , b2 )
t is a parameter.
Distance From a Point To a Line
The distance from the point P (a, b) to line Ax + By + C = 0 is
21
|Aa + Bb + c|
d =
2 2
√A + B
Parallel Lines Two lines
y = k1 x + b1 and y = k2 x + b2 are parallel if
k1 = k2 .
22
Two lines A1 x + B1 y + C1 = 0 and A2 x + B2 y + C2 = 0 are parallel if
A1 B1
= .
A2 B2
Perpendicular Lines
Two Lines
y = k1 x + b1 and y = k2 x + b2 are perpendicular if
1
23 k2 = − or, equivalently, k1 k2 = − 1 .
k1
Two lines A1 x + B1 y + C1 = 0 and A2 x + B2 y + C2 = 0 perpendicular if
A 1 A 2 + B1 B2 = 0
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k2 − k1 A 1 A 2 + B1 B2
Angle Between Two Lines tan ϕ = , cos ϕ =
24 1 + k1 k2 2 2 2 2
√A + B . √A + B
1 1 2 2
Intersection of Two Lines
If two lines A1 x + B1 y + C1 = 0 and A2 x + B2 y + C2 = 0 intersect, the intersection point
has coordinates
25 − C 1 B2 + C 2 B1
x0 = ,
A 1 B2 − A 2 B1
− A1 C2 + A2 C1
y0 =
A 1 B2 − A 2 B1
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