TABLE OF CO

Dedication
i
Acknowledge
ii
Table o content
iii
CHAPTER ONE Introduction
CHAPTER TWO Poultry unit
3.0 Introduction
3.1 What is poultry?
3.2 Uses of poultry
3.3 Management of broiler
3.4 Diseases encountered in Abe farm and their symptoms
3.5 Feeding of birds
CHAPTER THREE Rabbitary unit
4.0 Introduction
4.1 Gestation period
4.2 Weaning
4.3 Feeding and watering
4.4 Health care management
CHAPTER FOUR piggery unit
5.0 Introduction
5.1 Feeding of pigs
5.2 Marketing of pigs
5.2 Weaning
5.2 Health care management
CHAPTER FIVE Small Ruminants (Goat)
6.0 Introduction
6.1 Breed found in Abec farm
6.2 Observation
6.3 Housing for goat
6.4 Feeding
6.5 Health care Management
CHAPTER SIX Feed mill operation
7.0 Introduction
7.1 Identification of feed ingredie and Ration formulation
7.2 Types of equipment
CHAPTER SEVEN Dog unit
8.1 Breeds of dog
8.2 Feeding of dog
8.3 Health management
CHAPTER EIGHT Fishery unit
9.0 Introduction
9.1 Fish species
9.2 Feeding rate
CHAPTER NINE Vertinary unit
10.1 Identification of drugs and vaccine
10.1 Treatment of sick animals
CHAPTER TEN Recommendation
11.1 Recommendation
11.2 Conclusion
CHAPTER
INTRODUC
The SIWES program established b federal government of Nigeria whic aimed at exposing students
to re practical scheme (work) skills expecte of them has seriously impacte positively to my
knowledge.
This scheme has exposed me to a manner of practical skills in anim production and health which
includ poultry production, fishing farmin small ruminant animal productio micro livestock
farming, drug administration and vaccination etc. was also exposed to entrepreneurshi skills on
how to market and distribut animal drugs, feeds and far equipment like battery cage and it
installation.
The Archdeacon Brown Educatio Centre School farm (ABEC FARM) wa established by wife of
the forme governor of Rivers State Dr (Mrs. Christie Toby the year 2000.
The ultimate goal of the farm is t ensure self-sufficiency in food an industrial raw materials
productio within a very short time. The multiplie effect of this is to improve th nutritional status of
the students in th school since they are not with thei parents.
The target is to help the student appreciates the impact of agriculture fo them not to be sole
dependent on th “Oil Saga” that has blinded the eyes o Rivers citizens not to see opportunit within
their surroundings .
The farm has three sections namely;
1. The crop section ABEC/CU/0
2. The livestock section: LU/002
3. The laboratory sectionLA/003
The crop section includes various crop plots which are;
1. Manihot spp cassava plant leaf plant, musa parodissacal sapieratum banana/ plantain, am
cadatus plants, abelmoschus e okra plant commonly know fingers
2. Arachie hypogeal groundnu fluted pumpkins Telfara occi maize plants Zea mays
The Livestock section includes;
Poultry unit; this is the unit where som of the Avian species of animal ar reared they include Isa
Brown, Blac Nera, Cockerel(black and white Broilers, Turkey (local breed and foreig breed) etc.
This unit is managed by fiv attendants including an Animal Healt personnel including one I T
student
Piggery unit; this unit is responsible fo production of pigs. The unit managed b four(4) livestock
attendance. The dail management is carried out by thos attendants on the basis of shif Attached to
the unit is the IT studen while the health management is carrie by the Animal health personnel wh
manage the health aspect of the anima The building is partitioned into pens fo easier management
each pen has drinker, feeder and wallowing troug for wallowing. The system is intensive.
The Micro Livestock Unit
This unit is responsible for th production of micro livestock anim such as rabbit.
Rabbitary unit : this is concern with th production of rabbit the dail management of the unit is
carried b One (1) livestock attendant. Attach t the unit are the I.T students.
Commercial Unit : this is the unit wher products from different unit i.e. poultr piggery, micro
livestock and ruminant are sold. The product could be sold liv (unprocessed) or processed product
like chicken, pork meat, egg, vegetable.
This unit is regarded as the revenu source of the farm
Small ruminants : This unit takes care o the goats. The attendant and the I students on duty
manages the day t day activities of the unit which includ cleaning the pens and cutting of grasse
for them. The management system i intensive.
Dog unit: This unit has the sole mandat of producing security dogs, this unit i managed by one
attendant. Attached t the unit is I.T students. The healt aspect of the dogs is managed by Vertinary
doctor.
RELEVANCE OF INDUSTRIAL TRANING T MY AREA OF STUDY
1. It gave me the practical kn on how to handle farm (Restraining).
2. It gave me the practical kn of how the productivities of th can be improved through
management of the farm
3. It exposed me on different of farm animal
4. It gave me the practical kn about housing different type of livestock
5. It gave me the practical kn of drug administration in farm a
CHAPTER
POULTRY
INTRODUC
The poultry industry has man branches. The two main branches ar egg and meat production. The
othe branches include the production o chicks, point of lay pullets or ready t lay bird and of
poultry feed. Th installation of poultry equipment, th processing and marketing of poultr products.
The relationship of thes branches to one another is represente in this figure.
The relationship between the mai branches of the poultry industry eg and poultry meat are produce
primarily for food eggs are also used i various food industries like th manufacturing of
confectionery.
WHAT IS POULTRY: Poultry is any bir reared or hunted for a useful purpose Most of these birds
are domesticate and are managed on the same basi principles as the domestic fowl. BREE
FOUND IN ABEC FARM include Ana Broiler, Black near, Isa brown, Turke (local breed and
foreign breed), Blac cockerel (Haco)
USES OF POULTRY
1. For meat production
2. Generally of income
3. Employment of opportunity
4. It produced manures o individual
5. For egg production
MAJOR ACTIVITY CARRIED OUT IN TH POULTRY UNIT
Brooding of day old chick
Inspection of the birds
Sanitation
Feeding of birds and regular supply o drinking water
Regular vaccination of birds
Record keeping.
BOOKING AN BROODING
During the course of the practical I wa exposed on how to book day-old chick at Summed
Livestock Services Po Harcourt where we booked on thousand (1000) day old broiler chick one
hundred(100) day old cockerel, an fifty (50) day old turkey.
On the arrived day, the birds wer account is fifty one (51) per cartons. Th birds were transported
using a far van, before the arrival of the birds th brooding house were put in place b using
newspaper to cover the cemente floor this is to prevent the birds fro coming in contact with the col
cemented floor, the stove were put o together with lantern. The stoves wer to generate heat for day
old chicks whil the lantern to get light for the birds t see. The rooms were warmed befor arrival of
day-old chicks.
Prior to the following, the broodin house was disinfected 7 days befor arrival of the chicks. The
broodin house was disinfected using th following disinfectant, izaal, dyforc kartodum, Dettol etc.
Material Needed For Brooding
Weighing balance
Polythene (nylon)
Feed
Clean water
Old newspapers
Feed trough
Water trough
Writing material for record keeping
On arrival to farm the birds were recounted again, the weak once wer removed, vet glucose and
multivitami (Introvit A) were administered in 1 liters of water to reduce stress on th birds. Feeds
were equally given to th birds. The broilers and pullets wer brooded separately in different broodin
house.
FEEDING OF THE BIRDS
Feeding as the act of giving feed t animal is very important in poultr rearing, reason is because
what yo give to them determines what they wi produce. Some of the feeds giving t birds are;
chicks mash, broiler starte broiler finisher, grower mash, layer mash
Chicks Mash: This is the feed giving t young pullet (cockerel) from day old t 6weeks of age. The
feed should contai about 20%crudeprotein and energy o about 2500kcal ME/kg. The feed ar
served in shallow container so that will be easy for the birds to eat the Also good quality water is
supplie constantly. The feed I gave them i produced by LIVESTOCK FEEDS below i there
Aliment Croissance analysis
PROTEIN 19.0%min
FATS 5.0%max
FIBRE 5.0%min
CALCIUM 1.0%min
AV.PHOUSPHOROUS 0.45%min
MET.ENERGY 2500KCAL/k min
Chick mash contains all or some of thes ingredients
Maize
Sorghum
Cassava
Groundnut cake
Soya cake
Fish meal
Bone meal
Oyster shell
Lysine
Methionine
Salt
Premix
Grower mash: This is the feed giving t pullet from 6-8weeksto 12-14 weeks o age. The protein
content is betwee 14-16% while the energy is betwee 2400-2600kcal ME/kg, it has higher fibe
content than chicks mash, it also contai some or all of above ingredients. Belo is the Ailment
Croissance Analysis fo Grower`s Mash
PROTEIN 15%min
FATS 5.0%max
CALCIUM 1.0%
FIBRE 6.5%max
AV PHOSPHOURUS 0.4%min
MET.ENERGY 2400KCAL/kg
BROILER FINISHER MASH: This is the fee giving to cockerel from 14weeks till the are sold.
The energy content is up t 2900KCAL ME/kg while the protei content is about 16%, the feeding
troug is deeper compared to previous one Below is Aliment Croissance Analyses
PROTEIN 16.0%min
FAT 6.0%max
FIBRE 6.0%max
CALCIUM 1.0%min
AV.PHOSPHORUS 0.45%min
MET. ENERGY 2900%Kcal/Kg min
Quantity of feed to be offered i dependent on the age of the bird. Th quantity of feed given to birds
finisher phase is higher compared t that of Grower and Brooding phase, t determine the kilogram
of feed th birds will consume were also taught t us.
MEDICATION/VACCINATION SCHEDULE
DAY WEEK MEDICATION VAC
1 1 Vet Glucose
2-6 1 Gendox+Vit
7 1 LaS
8-11 2 Coccidiostat
14 2 Gu
18 3 Mar
21 3 Laso
22-25 3 Anticox
28 4 Gu
35 5 Laso
37-38 5 Dicox
42 6 Gu
46 6 Fow
49 6 Fow
56 8 New
63 9 Deworm
70 10 E.co
77 11 Vitamin
84 12 Debeak
98 14 Fow
112 16 Newcastle
(Oil base) ND+
119 17 Deworm
DISEASE ENCOUNTER IN ABEC FARM
1. New castle disease
2. Fowl pox disease
3. Coccidiosis disease
4. Infectious bursal (Gumboro)
5. Fowl typhoid
6. Mareks disease
7. Fowl cholera
The above diseases are classified int the following:
1. New castle disease, In bursal disease, Mareks disease, a pox are all viral disease.
2. While fowl cholera, fowl are bacterial disease.
3. Coccidiosisis under protozoa
SYMPTOMS OF NEW CASTLE DISEASE
1. Depression
2. Dripping wings and loss of
3. Twisting of neck
4. Paralysis of legs
5. Reduction in egg production
6. Prevention and control castle disease vaccinate at week3, week 5, for pullets but in week 1 and
week 3.
New castle disease (NDVK) shoul administered at week 8 (water base repeated at week 16 with 3
in 1 (ND+ I + EDS) 0.5 ml per birds, i/m,
TREATMENT
No treatment because it is a vir disease.
SYMPTOM OF FOWL TYPHOID
1. Substantial losses
2. Persist of farms
3. Sometimes leading to their c
SYMPTOM OF FOWL CHOLERA
4. Green diarrhea
Treatment
Broad spectrum antibiotic such a tetracycline
SYMPTOM OF FOWL POX
Fowl pox, it is a viral disease of poultry it is caused by pox virus from the famil poxviridae. Some
of the symptoms ar proliferative scabs on unfettered ski e.g. combs, eyes. The disease is of tw
types’ Dry pox and Wet pox.
Treatment
No suitable drug
To prevent secondary bacterial infectio give coliquin, Doctril
After giving antibiotic to improv chickens condition give Aminovit
For early and mild infection, vaccinat healthy chickens with fowl pox t prevent spread
SYMPTOMS OF MARCKS DISEASE
It is widespread, highly contagious vir diseases of chicken, some of th symptoms are paralyzes of
the wing legs and neck, loss of body weigh labored respiration and diarrhea. often causes severe
death loss in pulle To prevent this disease Marex Vaccine i given at day 18 i.e. 3weeks of age.
Belo is a picture that illustrates that.
SYMPTOM OF INFECTION BURSAL DISEAS
5. Ruffled feathers
6. Slight tremor at onset
7. Loss of appetite and dehydr
8. Whitish diarrhea fre develops.
9.
SANITATION
The daily routine activities carried out t prevent harboring of pathogens includ washing feed
trough and water troug removing the old foot dip and replacin it with fresh chemical.
Bio-security measures include;
-Feeding of birds should start from th young birds to the aged ones
-Fresh feed and clean water must b provided
-Attendants must put on the farm overalls when attending to the birds
-Sick birds are culled from the health ones
-Old and wet wood shavings are alway removed so as to prevent the bird not t contact Coccidiosis
and wor infestation
-Visitors are not allowed to enter in th pens they stay at the visitor’s room.
-The store where feeds are packed mus be free from rodents e.g. rat
-Avoid overcrowding of birds
-Post mortem examination must be carried out far away from the pens
-All mortalities should be burnt or buried immediately far away from th farm reason is to prevent
the spread o disease to other birds
SOME SPECIAL OPERATION CARRIED OUT
Debeaking: This is also known as bea trimming, it is the partial removal of th beak of poultry,
especially chicken an turkey. In debeaking we can us manual debeaker or electric debeake anyone
used will also achieve the sam purpose. In cockerels, the length of th upper beak distal from the
nostril which remains following trimmin should be 2 to 3mm,only have or less o the beak is
removed. This is done t prevent cannibalism, it also lessen mash feed wastage.
Culling
This is the removal of bird from a pen a result of disease. Removing the inferio or weak birds
reduces cost o production, reduces the risk of other being affected, it also increases th available
space for the birds. It is mos economical to remove these birds a from the flock immediately they
ar noticed. This will eliminate feedin birds with poor production.
CHAPTER T
RABBITY U
Rabbit is a four footed animal reared i a cage or floor, it is a source of food an wool for industries.
It can be feed wit forages, household waste with littl concentrate. Management practice o rabbit is
simple, it can also be reared i backyard. Rabbit has two erect ears an a short tail, with bright eyes
and posses hind limb and fore limbs. Rabbit i classified as Pseudo-ruminant becaus of its ability to
digest forages and fibe like sheep, goat and cattle regardles that it does not poses four chambe
stomachs (Rumen Reticulum Omasu and Abomasum). Rabbit is a nea animal, the fur colour varies
fro different breeds. It can be reared by ol people and children.
BREEDS OF RABBIT
In the world there are four recognize breeds of rabbits and they varies in siz colour, weight, type
of fur coat, ear, an eye etc. Some of the breeds are
New Zealand
Chinchilla
White California
Flemish giant etc.
In ABEC FARM the type of rabbit reare is a crossbreed between chinchilla an New Zealand. It
varies in colour an size
HOUSING
The housing system of rabbit in ABE FARM is Cage System. The cage is buil of iron. The door of
the cage is at th side.
FEEDING
Feed is very important factor o production; the performance of rabb depends mainly on quality of
feed an other management practices. Fee accounts 60-70% of the total cost o production. The
basal diet for rabbit i forage supplement with concentrates t improve the performance of rabbit
Some green leaves feed to rabbit includ
1. Sweet potato leave
2. Cocoyam leaf
3. Plantain leaf
4. Pawpaw leaf
5. Garbage
6. Green leaf
Water is very important constitutes o rabbit, water helps in Osmo-regulatio Digestion and
utilization of feed. Wate was given them using the waterin trough. However, the water intake o
rabbit depends on several factors thes include;
1. Age of rabbit
2. Type of feed given
3. Health status of the rabbit
4. Season
SEXUAL MATURITY
The maturity of the male is around nin (9) month while that of female is 7- months. When the doe
show signs o heat, it should be taken to the buck fo servicing, if the mating was successf the doe
will fall. After mating the do should be returned to her hutch.
GESTATION
Gestation in doe takes 30-32days. A nes should be prepared for her to kindle.
The hutch should be inspecte immediately after kindling remov deformed or dead rabbit.
RECORD KEEPING
Keep adequate record of th procurement, stock identification, stoc performance, financial and
transactio expenses.
COMMON DISEASEOF RABBIT
SKIN MANGE:
This is a disease that is caused by mite It is characterized by itching at th affected part loss of fur,
loss of appetit reduction in weight etc.
Prevention and control
The affected rabbit should be isolate from the healthy ones; the hutch shoul be cleaned with
disinfectant. Ivermetin injection should be given at th subcutaneous region.
PNEUMONIA
It is a respiratory disease that affe mostly the young ones (kitten), it i characterize by cough,
difficulty i breathing; this disease is mostly cause by cold weather.
Prevention and control
Isolate the sick one from the health ones, affected rabbits should be give Antibiotics. Good
management practic reduces the incidence of the diseas occurance.
CHAP
PIGGERY UNIT
Pigs belong to the phylum chordat (vertebrates), they are monogastric reared primarily for pock,
baco sausages, lard, (pig fat) etc. Amon domestic animal pig are the mos prolific, 6-12 piglets in
every litter, an they are all fast growing, attain a weigh of about 61kg in about 6-8 months’ tim
when they are slauthered. (Shorte generation interval among mea producing livestock).
STRUCTURES FOUND IN THE PIGGERY UNI
Water trough: Is a part from the pe which is constructed for the provision o drinking water.
Feeding trough: this is a place where foo are being kept
Wallow system: It is a place where wate is being kept always, this is to reduc the body temperature
of the pigs.
Grower’s pen: This is a portion wher newly weaned pigs are kept.
Breeding pen: Is a portion of the pe where breeders are kept for breedin purpose
Isolation pen: Is a portion where sick pig are kept.
ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT IN THE PIGGER UNIT
1. Regular provision of wat feeds
2. Sanitation
3. Medication
4. Record keeping
Regular provision of water and feeds: thi is a daily routine activities carried out i the piggery unit,
formulated feeds an also left over food from ABEC school ar poured in their feeding trough, whil
water is provided both in water trough and wallow system
Sanitation: It is a daily routine activit where sweeping and packing of pi dung’s and washing of
the water troug wallow system is carried out.
Medication: This is a practiced carrie out to ensure that pigs are healthy, som of them include:
1. Deworming the sows three before farrowing
2. Keep close watch on sows farrowing without disturbing the
3. To protect piglets from pe anemia iron injection is given at week of age
Record keeping : This is a practice whic ensure that accurate recording of all th practices in the
piggery unit are carrie out, it also help in the smooth runnin of the piggery unit without muc
confusion. Below is an example o breeding record
SOW 1 SOW
Boar Used
Date of matting
Date of farrowing
Litter number
Average weight(piglets)
CHAPTER
SMALL RUMINA
GOAT UNI
Goat belong to the genus Capra , It is ruminant animal. The stomachs are a follows; Rumen,
Reticulum Omasu and Abomasum. They are reared for th production of meat, milk, fiber, and als
manure for crop propagation.
MAJOR ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT IN GOA UNIT
1. Cutting of grass
2. Feeding and regular su water
3. Sanitation
CUTTING OF GRASS
Early in the morning around 7:30pm w go out to cut grass for them, some of th grasses cut include
Elephant gras Spear grass, gmelina leave etc.
FEEDING AND REGULAR SUPPLY O WATER
The goats are feed with Elephant gras in the morning and in the evening, th young goats are feed
with concentrate in the afternoon, we make sure th there is constant water supplied to th in their
water trough.
SIGNS OF HEAT IN GOAT includes;
1. Restlessness
2. Bleating
3. Riding other goat
4. Tail shaking
5. Swollen and reddened vulv
HOUSING FOR GOAT
The types of housing for goat in Abe farm is building with corrugated zin sheet with dwarf walls.
Wire-gauze is used in covering the remaining parts, there is adequat ventilation, the floor is made
of moul and this is to allow easy absorption o urine.
HEALTHCARE
Goat are regularly dewormed usin Ivermetine and administere subcutaneously, multivitamin
(complex) are equally administere intra-muscular.
SANITATION
Sanitation such as sweeping the floo and packing of the goat dungs was on of the daily activities
carried out.
CHAPTER
FEED MILL OP
Feed meal is a building that house different kinds of machine and devic for grinding grains into
finishe products.
IMPORTANCE
It is necessary to have a feed mea within a farm because of the followin reasons;
1. Feed accessibility
2. Low cost of production
3. The exact nutrient quali quantity in the feed is known.
FACTORS CONSIDERED BEFOR FORMULATING RATION
The following factors are considered;
1. Age of animal
2. Breed
3. Physiological makeup animal
4. Availability of raw material
5. Environment.
MAJORACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT IN TH FEEDMEAL UNIT
1. Crushing and grinding of e.g. maize, soya etc
2. Weighing of the crushed ma
3. Maintenance of the pr machines
4. Preservation of feeds
PROCEDURES
Grinding
Grinding it is the reduction in size o grains or other feed materials int smaller particles for proper
fee formulation
MATERIALS IN THEGRINDING UNIT
1. Grinding machine (elect generator powered)
2. Bags
3. Packer
4. Broom etc.
The grinding machine is switch on an allowed to run for few seconds to chec if there is fault. The
grains and othe feed materials were deposited or poure into the hopper of the machine. Bag wa
tied via the discharging position of th machine, it is located at the unde where the grinded
materials wa collected
Weighing of feed materials
The grounded feed materials wa weighed using a weighing balance an bagged, these procedure is
also don when transported feed materials wer discharged to the preserving house, als during the
formulation and durin bagging for selling
There are weighing balances of differe sizes
Mixing
There are different types of mixers use but the one in our farm is the horizont mixer. The work of
this machine is t mix all the feed material required in giving type of feed together fo homogeneity
Bagging
It is the putting of all the mixed fee ingredients in a bag and closing it, w use 25kg bag, the picture
below
MAINTENANCE OF MACHINES
Cleaning of various parts of th machines and changing the damage parts
PRECAUTIONS
The following precaution were carrie out in the feed meal
1. Care is taken on the operat panels
2. Ensure of accurate weig feed materials before formulatio
3. The floor was thoroughly after production
4. Care was taken when loos extruder part of the machine t injury
CHAPTER S
DOG UNI
The dog ( Canis familaries ) is a domesti animal which is of great importance t humans. A strong
relationship th developed between humans and do made someone commented that “Go saw the
frailty or weakness of man an gave him the dog”. Dog is described a human’s best friend.
BREEDS OF DOG
There are different breeds of dogs, som of them are; Basenji, German shepher Rottweiler,
Caucasian, but in ABEC th one we have is a Cross Breed. Th picture below shows one of the dogs
MAJOR ACTIVITIES CARRIED OUT IN TH DOG UNIT
Sanitation
Feeding
Vaccination
Sanitation
Some of the daily activities carried ou include sweeping of the floor an packing of the dungs. We
also mak sure that the floor of the Kennels is dry.
Feeding
Dogs are naturally carnivorous anima they eat household feeds, in ABEC w fed the dogs leftover
foods gotten fro the school kitchen. In feeding th puppies special feed are being giving t them,
they are canned feed e.g. M LORD puppies, Dog pedigree etc., th amount giving to them are
intensified 6weeks when they are ready fo weaning.
Vaccination and Medication
Vaccination programs have bein designed for dogs especially again distemper and rabies. Rabies is
one o the most dreaded diseases of dog reason is because it is a Zoonoti disease, to prevent this we
gave the Anti rabies which is givin intramuscular. Distemper is anothe disease that mostly affects
our Exoti breeds to prevent this we gave the Distemper vaccine which is also givin Intramuscular.
Tick infestation is one of the mos troublesome parasites of dogs to preven this we gave them
Ivermetine which i giving subcutaneous
CHAPTER E
FISHERY U
What is fish farming? Fish farming i the principal form of agriculture. involves raising fish
commercially i pounds or enclosures usually for foo Fish species raised in ABEC farm includ
catfish and tilapia.
In other, however the potential has n yet been fully realized.
An alternative low cost approach of fis farming is appropriate for many peopl relying on existing
water bodies an natural vegetation and house hol waste. Supplemented with anim protein in the
form of maggots o worms and house made supplements fo fish feed
Fish species
1. The tilapia families
2. Tilapia nilotica
3. Tilapia aurea
Male grow bigger than females, th major problem in tilapia culturing i their ability to quickly over
populat aquatic system. The most widely use technique to eliminate undesirabl reproduction is to
produce mono-se population.
There are four techniques to be used t make them convert their energy to fee instead of using it to
reproduce. Thes include:
1. Manual sexing of fingerli separation of the sexes aft months. It must be noted th method is not
very effective.
2. Hybridization: This is the of two species within the same with the aim of producing a s pro or
offspring e.g. clarias crossed with Heterbranchus speci
The progeny of this crossing is calle
Heteroclarais breed and it is sterile.
3. Sex reversal by ho treatment this hormone treatme process of administering hormo the fish that
render them ste (omega sign) methyl testosterone
4. Chromosome manipulat normal being has two Ns (gen can be increased to three NS sterile
through biotechnology.
Claridae (cat fish)
1. Clarias gariepinus clarias and clarias longifiles
2. Heterobranchus bidorsalis density
3. Extensive system to fingerli
4. Semi- intensive 3-5 fingerlin
5. Intensive system 2 fingerlin
PH
The acidic or alkaline content of poun water is 6.5 to 9 are okay.
FEEDING RATE
The quantity of feed to be given to pound or a cage each day were normall based on a percentage
of the biomas percent (total weight of animal)
Thus, if a pound contains 10,000 fis weighing 10g on average and th recommended feeding rate is
7% pe day.
The amount of feed to be given daily is
10,000x 10gx7 = 7,000g (7kg per day
The percentage of biomass to be feed i not fixed amount. It should decrease a animal grow to
reflect their decreasin metabolic rate.
DAILY POUND MANAGEMENT
The first thing I did every morning is t observe the pound. The reason for doin this is to check if
there is any mortalit check the water if it is due for remova After careful observance I feed them.
CAUSES OF OXYGEN DEPLETION
1. Phytoplankton or algae: because during the day they und
PHOTOSYNTHESIS, releasing oxyge into the water, thereby increasing th oxygen content of the
water during th day. However, in the night they absor oxygen content in the water.
2. ORGANIC MATTER: This organic manure, leftover feed a of fish etc., during decompositio
make use of dissolved oxygen.
3. MICRO ORGANISMS: Th make use of dissolved oxygen of this, there is oxygen depletio
morning. However as soon as t comes up there will not be problem in the water. It is bec this that
you see fish come up surface of the pound to breathe it is lacking oxygen at the bottom
CHAPTER
VERTINARY
IDENTIFICATION OF
I was equally posted to sumed livestoc services in Port- Harcourt were I wa introduced on how to
handle anim vaccine and drugs.
The vaccine includes
NCDVL: Newcastle disease vaccin LaSota
IBDV: Infections bursal disease vaccine
FPV: Fowl pox vaccine
FTV: Fowl typhoid vaccine
ND+ IB+ EDS: Trivalent vaccine
Bivalent vaccine
ND+IB: Newcastles & infection brond immucox vaccine Coccidiosis.
The picture below shows some of th vaccines
They were preserved in refrigerator
The drugs were classified into th following;
Coccidiosistat For treatment o coccdiosis eg
1. Amprocox
2. Dicox
3. Pantacox
4. Keprocox etc
Antibiotics for the treatment of bacteri infection include;
1. Gentamycin
2. Tetracycline
3. Gendox
CHAPTER
Recommen
To federal government Nigeria
I recommend that this Sure p that i subsidy re-investment an empowerment program embarked
upo by the federal government of Nigeri under His Excellency President shoul invest massively in
agriculture t accommodate the learning population o graduates of agriculture because that i the
only way to ensure “food security in Nigeria and self-dependency amon the graduate that are
unemploye before.
SIWES ALLOWANCE should be given t student during the period of attachme rather than after
the program, i implemented, it will help to solve th student’ minor needs such as feedin and
transportation fare.
I wholeheartedly recommend ABE FARM to any animal science internshi student
CONC
My industrial attachment which laste for a period of 6 months has been abl to help me differentiate
betwee theoretical work and practical. Durin this period I fully participated in poultr production,
swine, rabbit, fish and sma ruminant, dogs, feed milling, anim health services. Entrepreneurship i
animal sciences where also carried ou in poultry production these includ transporting of day-old
chick installation of battery cages, hous design.