PAST

A. PAST SIMPLE

1. Happened in the past (lampau)

2. V2
Go went
Do did
Study studied
Watch watched
Buy bought

Jika to be maka menggunakan WAS atau WERE

3. Adverb of time
Yesterday, last week, last month, in 2012, the day before yesterday, in
November 2018, ago, etc

4. Formula

(+) S + V2 + O
(-) S + did + not + V1 + O
(?) Did + S + V1+ O?

Examples:
a. Dita (go) to Jakarta last week.
Dita went to Jakarta last week.
Dita did not go to Jakarta last week.
Did Dita go to Jakarta last week?

b. He (talk) to me ten minutes ago.

He talked to me ten minutes ago.
He did not talk to me ten minutes ago.
Did he talk to me ten minutes ago?

c. I (be) graduated from my senior high school in 1998.

I was graduated from my senior high school in 1998.

B. PAST CONTINUOUS / PAST PROGRESSIVE

1. Happening in the past

2. To be + Ving
 Was or were + Ving

Was seeing, was buying, were playing, were studying, etc

3. Adverb of time
While Ving
When V2

Past continuous + past simple

4. Formula
(+) S + was/were + Ving+O
(-) S + was /were + not + Ving + O
(?) Was /Were +S + Ving +O?

Exmples:
a. I (do) the exam when someone (knock) the door
I was doing the exam when someone knocked the door.

b. Bu Nana (teach) while the students (write) the lesson.

Bu Nana was teaching while the students were writing the lesson.

c. When I (hear) the news, I (go) to the vice director.

When I heard the news, I went to the vice director.

C. PAST PERFECT
1. Had happened in the past
2. V3
Go went gone
Speak spoke spoken
Have had had
Write wrote written

3. Adverb of time : just, already, yet, since

4. Formula
(+) S + had + V3 + O
(-) S + had + not + V3 +O
(?) Had + S + V3 +O?

Examples:
a. She just (find) a job when her family (need) much money.
 She had just found a job when her family needed much money

Exercises: past simple, past continuous, or past perfect

1. Sally (come) to the international seminar yesterday.
2. She (give) him a special gift ten minutes ago.
3. He (wash) the clothes when the lamp (go) out.
4. The director (discuss) the business with his employee when someone
(knock) the door.
5. Miss Maria (do) several holiday jobs when the other employees (be) busy
to work.
6. The engineer (carry out) the basic product this morning.
7. I (just find) a job when my family (need) much money.
8. Kathy (work) in the engineering program development a week ago.