Earth is made up of rocks and

minerals.

A rock consists of two or more

minerals.
Minerals are made of one or more
Igneous Rocks Sedimentary Rocks

 Metamorphic
Rocks
Igneous rocks are formed from liquid
molten rock that cool slowly and harden.
Igneous means made from fire and heat.
 Categories of Sedimentary
rocks

a. Clastic rocks-
formed from broken
fragments of pre-
existing rocks and
minerals.
b. Chemical rocks-
formed when
minerals precipitate
or solidify from a
solution like sea
water or lake water.
c. Organic rocks-
formed from
accumulation of plant
- Limestone is made
from shells of sea
animals and plants. It
forms only under water.

- Conglomerate is made of
a mixture of smooth round
stones and pebbles.
- Sandstone is made up
of tiny bits of sand. It is
cut into blocks and
used in walls and
buildings because it is
strong and easy to
quarry.

- Shale is made from mud and

fine silt or clay. It is commonly
called mudstone.
Metamorphic rocks are igneous or sedimentary
rocks changed by extreme heat and pressure.
Metamorphic means
“to have been
changed”

As a volcano
pushes its way up
through the earth,
great heat changes
a sedimentary rock
into metamorphic
rock.
- Marble is a metamorphic rock which comes from limestone.
Minerals or impurities in the marble changes its color.

- Slate is made from shale. Slate and shale have the same colors,
but they do not look alike because of how they break. Slate breaks
into smooth flat sheets of rocks while shale breaks only into odd
- Quartzite comes from hard sandstone.

- Schist is made from mudstone or shale. As schist is made, some

of the minerals change to become mica which make the schist
shine and sparkle.
…from one type to another
 Elements that make up
rocks are never created or
destroyed — instead, they
are constantly being
recycled.
 The rock cycle helps us to see that the earth is like
a giant rock recycling machine!
 formed

destroyed
 In rock cycle, earth materials change back and forth among
the different types of rock.