INTRODUCTION ‘This report has been prepared by members of the ACT 349 Sub-Committee on Steel Embedments to provide examples of the application of the ACI 349 Code to the design of steel embedments. The ACI 349 Committee was charged in 1973 ‘with preparation of the code covering coacrete structuves in. sauclear power plants, At tht time. it was recognized that de- sign requirements for steel embedments were aot well de- fined and a special working group was established to develop code requirements. After much discussion and many Grafts, Appendsx B was approved and issued in the 1978 Supplement of ACI 349 covering the design of steel embed- sients. Subsequently, the Sub-Committee las continued to sioniter on-going research and testing and to incorporate ex- perience of applying the Code. Pesiodic revisions have been aiade to the Code and Appendix B. ‘The underlying philosopky in the design of embedments is to attempt to assure a ductile failure mode. This is similar to the philosophy of the rest of the concrete building codes whereia, for example, dlexral steel for a beam is limited to assuce thatthe reinforcement steel yields before the coucrete crushes. In the design of an embedment for direct loading, the philosophy lead: to the requirement that the concrete pull-out strength must be greater than the tensile strength of the steel, This report includes a series of design examples starting with simple cases and extending to more complex cases for ductile embedments. The format for each example follows the format of the Strength Design Handbook, SP-17. and provides a reference back to the code paragraph for each cal- culation procedure. NOTATION = depth of equivalent stress block p= effective stess area defined by the projected area cof the 45 degree stress cone radiating towards the attachment from the bearing edge ofthe anchor. fictive sess area of anchor, in area of anchor head, sq. ia. area of steel, sq. in area of steel required to resist tension, sq. in area of steel required to resist shear. sq ia. SE SSAA GDDPDS errce reduction in effective stress area to account for limited depth of concrete beyond the bearing surface of the embedment, 9. ia. area of shear friction reinforcement, sq. ‘width of embedded or surface mounted plate, ot Width of an anchor group, measured out 0 out of bearing edges of the outermost anchor heads, in. overlapping etvece cone factor (cee Appendix A) spacing or cover dimension, in, ‘compressive reaction ‘nominal diameter of reinforcing bat, in. diameter of anchor head or reinforcing bar, ia diameter of tensile stress component, sn specified yield strength of steel plate, psi specified compressive strength of concrete, psi specified tensile strength of steel, psi specified yield strength of teel, psi overall thickness of concrete member, in. transverse reinforcement index development length, in ‘embedment depth of anchor head measued from attachment of anchor head to tensile stress ‘component, to the concrete surface, in nominal moment strength {factored moment load on embedment lactic moment eapacity of steel plate saumber of threads per inch design pullout strensth of concrete in tension nominal axial strength factored extemal axial load on the anchorage radius of 45 degree stress cone, in. (se® Acp) spacing between anchors, ia thickness of plate, in. tension force thickness of anchor head, ia ‘nominal shear strength factored shear load cn embedments reinforcement location factor coating factor reinforcement size factor coefficient of friction strength reduction factorg.2R4 MANUAL OF CONCRETE PRACTICE Example A1—Single stud, tension only Design an embedment using a stud welded to an embedded plate, Given: fe = 4000 psi f, = 50.000 psi fir = 60,000 psi ! P, = Skips where P, is the required factored extemal load as defined in Section 9.2 of the Code CODE SECTION DESIGN PROCEDURE CALCULATION STEP 1: Determine required steel area of the stud ‘Assume that the load is applied directly over the slud and that a plate size of 3 in. x 3 in. x sin has been established by requirements of the attachment. B65. Equate the external (required strength) and P,=0P,=0Ad, internal (design strength) forces and solve for the | a. = 8/[(0.9)(60)] = 0.18 in2 required steel area for the stud. Uesone lity cancer chet A, = 0.196 in2 > 0.18 in? oK STEP 2: Check anchor head bearing B5.1.1(a) | a) Area of the anchor head (A,) (including the | 4, = x(d,/2° =079 in2 BA52 area of the tensile stress component) is at (per manufacturer's data, d,, = least 25 times the area of the tensile stess | 4,74, = 0.79/0.196 = 4 >25 component, . b) Thickness of the anchor heat (T,) is atleast | T, = 0.312 in. (per manufacturer's data) 4.0 times the greatest dimension from the outer| (d, — d,)/2 = 0.25 in. most bearing edge of the anchor head tothe | 7,=0.312>0.25 oK face of the tensile stress component. ) Bearing area of heads approximately evenly | Head and tensile stress distibuted around the perimeter of the tensile | component are concentric. oK stress component. STEP 3: Determine required embedment length for the stud to prevent concrete cone failure B51 The design pullout strength of the concrete, P;, ] Asfi,= 0.196 x 60= 11.8 kips B42 must exceed the minimum specified tensile 7 sae GET Brongth (A.f.,)ol the teres sess compayant: | ¢407e'— 8534 (70ND) poe = 165 psi (s00 Noto 2) Se gees n{(Lg + 0.5)? -0.57]0.165 2 11.8 Pa= 04 Sf Ace Lalla + 1.0) > 22.8 Aop= lls + dy/2)2- (4,207) Al sey g * by 22.8 = Compute L. from the eqiaton tsa Soin [Lat dy/2P—(dy/2)2104, [Fe > Ashe Use 1% in. diameter stud 1-4/9 in. ong, which has an effective length of 4.87 in giving L= 4.87 + 0.38 = 5.25 inEMBEDMENT DESIGN EXAMPLES 49.285 Example A1, continued CODE SECTION DESIGN PROCEDURE CALCULATION STEP 4: Check plate thickness Since the load is applied directly over the stud, | Stud welding of "iin. diameter studs is the only requirement on plate thicknessis that it | acceptable on isin. thick plate per satisfy the minimum thickness required for stud | manufacturer oK welding NOTE: 1) In the above example, the embedment length Lis taken to the face of the concrete. If the plate were larger than the stress cone, then the embedment length would exclude the thickness of the embedded plate. 2)In all design examples, the strength reduction factor @ for concrete pulloutis taken as 0.65 per Category (d) of Section B.4.2.