Planetary

Boundaries and
Resilience
 1.
What is the Holocene? Why is it
referred to as a period in which our
“ecosystem capital accumulated”?
Holocene
As stated by The Solutions Journal, “an epoch in which global
average temperature has been remarkably stable and during which
time agriculture developed, followed by the appearance of ever larger
settlements and the development of complex civilizations in Africa,
Asia, South and Central America, and the Mediterranean region.

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“Ecosystem Capital Accumulated”
The Holocene was a period of time in which are planet reach its
population of 7 billion through the abandonment of hunting and
gathering as we moved toward our industrial future. It was also a
period of time in which we invented agriculture and domesticated
animals and plants. These innovations allowed for us to be in a stable
period of our environmental history which allowed for “accumulation
of capital”.

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 2.
What is the quadruple squeeze that
Dr. Rockstorm describes?
Quadruple Squeeze
The idea that Population Growth, the Climate Agenda, Ecosystem
Decline and natural change of Earth’s systems are affecting the planet
in negative ways. Together they are known as the human pressure that
we place on our planet.

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 3.
What is the Anthropocene? What
evidence is there to support it?
When did it begin?
Anthropocene

The Anthropocene is a period in our

geological history where humans are
predominant driver of change at a
planetary level.

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Evidence of The Anthropocene
Evidence of The Anthropocene is the overall rise in carbon dioxide,
nitrous oxide, methane, deforestation, overfishing, land degradation,
loss of species. Each of their graphs grow exponentially around the
1950s which Dr. Rockstrom claims is the great human acceleration.

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 4.
What are system tipping points and
resilience?
System Tipping Points
Natural Systems have multiple stable states
seperated by thresholds that keep them
from changing state. The depth of the cup
in the diagram to the left is the resilience of
the system. Under the pressure of human
activities, the system loses its resilience
which changes the threshold. This causes
for the system to change and result in an
undesirable situation.

Image credit: L. Schmalbeck

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 5.
What does Rockstrom claim is
sustainable development and why is
“redundancy” part of the solution?
Sustainable Development
Sustainable Development is the idea of changing our whole way of
thinking from linear to flexible. The flexible approach would be
adaptable, able to recognize redundancy and able to deal with a
turbulent era of global change. The redundancy would create barriers
so that each of the nine components would not reach their threshold.
The hardship of this development would be getting all of the countries
around the world to start moving towards this utopian idea.

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