NATHPA JHAKRI CORPORATION LIMITED NEW DELHI, INDIA ( NATHPA JHAKRI HYDROELECTRIC PROJECT (1500 MW) “ ey oe er? REPORT ON LINING OF DESILTING CHAMBERS, SURGE SHAFT AND HEADRACE TUNNEL, e wet HYDRAULIC TRANSIENT ANALYSIS i @ OF THE WATERWAY SYSTEM gue Missions of Dr. A. Schleiss from September 18 to October 5, 1995 and S. Spriano from August 23 to October 7, 1995 November 9, 1995 Joint Venture Nippon Koei Co., Ltd. Electrowatt Engineering Services Ltd. and Water and Power Consultancy Services (India) Ltd.NNathpa Jhaks Hyroslecric Project - Report of Retainer Consultant oe Table of Contents PREFACE 1 PARTI: FINAL LINING OF DESILTING CHAMBERS. in Introduction 1 2. Geological conditions 2 3. Purpose and concept of the final ining 3 4, Estimation and control of extemal water pressure acting on the reinforced concrete lining during dewatering of the desilting chambers 5 5. Proposed modification of the shape of the chambers and construction sequences 8 6 Design of the temporary rock support and the final concrete lining 9 7. Conclusions and recommendations 10 PART II: LINER FOR THE UPPER PART OF THE SURGE SHAFT 1. Introduction 1 2 Distribution of the cracks in the reinforced conerete lining 2 3. Conclusions and recommendations 3 PART Ill: HYDRAULIC TRANSIENT STUDIES Introduction 1 Comments on the Studies Review of the results by check calculations Remarks on the oritice 2p 2p oae Conclusions and recommendations Etoctrowatt Engineering Services Lid 00.11.95 / 40188/240/ SCA-BG1.D0C /0B"Nathpa Jhaks! Hyroelecrc Project - Report of Retainer Consultant - PART IV:DESIGN OF THE FINAL LINING OF THE HEADRACE TUNNEL 1. Introduction 1 2. Considerations on design criteria 1 3. Review of documents and recommendations: 10 4, References 7 Biectrowatt Engineering Services Lid. (00.11.95 /40168,240/ SCA-BGI,D0C /0BNNatipa Jhaet Hydroslectic Project- Report of Retalnor Consultant eget PREFACE ‘The present report by the Retainer Consultant EWI Zurich covers several issues of the design ‘work of Nathpa Jhakri Hydroelectric Project and is divided in the following parts: Part I: Final Lining of Desilting Chambers Part II; Hydraulic Transient Studies Part Ill: Liner for the Upper Part of the Surge Shaft Part IV: Design of the Final Lining of the Headrace Tunnel The report was composed by Dr. A. Schleiss during his assignment in Shimla (September 18 to October 5, 1995) with the assistance of Mr. S. Spriano. ‘The report was submitted in a Draft version on October 3, 1995 to NJPC Shimla and discussed with the design engineers in charge of the Shimla and Solan Office. Further discussions were held in the EWI Home Office in Zurich during the visit of the third NJPC training group in Switzerland. Based on comments and suggestions made during these discussions, the present final version of the report was prepared. Furthermore, by request received on October 11, 1995 a study on the construction method for the headrace tunnel in the squeezing zones between Ratanppur Adit and Surge Shatt was carried out and included in Appendix D of Part IV. Elecrowatt Engineering Services Lu, (09.11.95 40168/240 SCA-BG1.0C /OBNathpa Jnakt Hydroslectic Project- Report of Retainer Consultant PARTI- Page! Table of Contents PARTI: FINAL LINING OF DESILTING CHAMBERS 1. Introduction 1 2. Geological conditions 2 3. Purpose and concept of the final lining 3 4. Estimation and control of external water pressure acting on the reinforced concrete lining during dewatering of the desilting chambers 5 5. Proposed modification of the shape of the chambers and construction sequences 8 6. Design of the temporary rock support and the final concrete lining 9 7 Conclusions and recommendations: 10 Appendix A: Estimation of extemal water pressure acting on lining during dewatering of the chambers Appendix B: Rock support and concrete lining; criteria and design Etectrowatt Engineoring Services Li. November 9, 1995 / 40185/240 / SCA-BG2.D0C OBNNathpa Jak Hydroslecrc Project - Report of Retainer Consultant PARTI- Paget PARTI: FINAL LINING OF DESILTING CHAMBERS Introduction In the Memo on Design of the “Lining for the Desilting Chambers’ dated November 1994, NJPC concluded the following: - substitution of the preliminary lining during excavation of shotcrete with welded wire mesh by steel fiber reinforced shotcrete (SFRS) in order to save time and provide more effective support measure (Alternative | - lining system according Plate Ill) = a final lining shall be preferred in order to ensure smooth and uniform section for proper hydraulic functioning — the safety of the lining during drawdown can be improved by providing sub-sur- face drainage ( according Plate VI) The following advices of Experts were sought: 1) The adoption of shape of cavities as per specification drawings 2) The substitution of the shotcrete with welded wire mesh and the final concrete lining by SERS 3) Adoption of arrangement for subsurface drainage (according Plate VI) In aMemo dated September 14, 1995, the Retainer Consultant EWI-Zurich submit- ted comments on the use of SFRS for the lining of the desilting chambers as well as the replacement of the conventional shotcrete (reinforced with wire mesh) by the sama method. It was recommended to use for the final lining a reinforced concrete lining as already foreseen in the specifications and to cast the concrete arch of the chamber immediately after excavation of the crown. For temporary support SFRS was considered as an option. However the use of a wire mesh fixed with rock bolts to the excavation surface was favored in view of protection for the workers against rock fall. Electrowatt Engineering Services Lid November 9, 1995 / 401687240 /SCA-BG2.D0C /OBNathpa Jhalei Hydroslectrlc Project - Report of Retainer Consutiant PART! Page 2 Based on detailed investigations and studies, this report gives further details and background on this recommendation. Furthermore a slightly modified shape of desilting chamber is proposed, in order to reduce stresses in the final lining of the side walls. The need, effectiveness and durability of a subsurface drainage is also discussed. 2. Geological conditions The geological conditions are outlined in the Progress Report No. 1 on the Con- struction Stage Geological Investigations dated April 1994. Further information was obtained during a site visit on August 31 - September 1, 1995 from Mr. Chauhan, Geologist at the dam site and from visual inspection. The quality of the rock mass encountered in the exploratory drift is generally “fair” to "good". Several sets of joints (shear seams) are present with a feature continuity of 10 to 15m. In addition different oriented sets of foliation joints have been re- vealed. These shear zones and seams are spaced 5 to 30 m. The thickness of the shear seams varies from a few centimeters to 1 m. The infiling consists of clayey gouge/rock flour of several cm (see Progress Report No. | on the Construction Stage Geological Investigation). Based on permeability tests at the dam site and the headrace tunnel near the desilting chamber, the permeability of the rock mass is expected to be within the range of 5 to 20 Lugeon. It may be concluded that the rock mass is in general of good quality but rather jointed and permeable. When the joint filings would be exposed to seepage flows with rather high gradients towards or outwards of desilting chambers, erosion and washing out of these filings would have to be feared. Then the long term stability of the rock mass in the vicinity of the underground openings (desilting chambers and galleries) would be endangered. Furthermore, washing out of joint filings would in- crease permeability of the rock mass. As long as the cracks in the lining of the desilting chamber are limited below 0.3 mm, no washing out will occur. All drainage measures as holes in the lining and drainage galleries would accelerate and inten- sity the process of the erosion of the joint filings. Electrowatt Engineering Services Lis [November 9, 1995 / 401687240 / SCA-BG2.D0C /OB"Nathpa Jhaksi Hydroslectre Project - Report of Retainer Consuttant PART! - Page 3. Purpose and concept of the final lining In view of the geological conditions, the final lining of the desilting chambers must fulfill the following functions: — carry external loads exerted by the rock in the long-term and by groundwater pressure during dewatering of the desilting chambers — prevent rock erosion and washing out of joint fillings in the case of pressurized as well as dewatered chambers — limit water losses — ensure long-term stability under varying internal pressures In view of safety, these functions can be satisfied most reliably and probably also most economically with a concrete lining, in which reinforcement is designed for crack control below 0.8 mm and in which the stiffness can withstand external pres- sures. The external water pressure acting on the final lining is mainly influenced by the permeability properties of the rock mass and of the lining itself. A moderate lin- ing permeability, as it will be with cracks limited below 0.3 mm, will already diminish the effective external pressure compared to an absolute tight lining (for example steel liner). in addition consolidation grouting will eliminate rather pervious zones near the chambers (as they will occur due to loosening because of blasting and relaxation of stresses) and could therefore further decrease effective external pres- sure on the lining. With the alternative SFRS lining (as proposed in Memo on “Lining for the Desilting Chambers", in November 1994) - mainly due to irregular surface, application prob- lems and the lack of appropriate design criteria for the fiber characteristics - the crack width can not to be guaranteed in the range below 0.3 mm. Larger cracks in zones with stress concentrations have to be expected, which could be the source of washing out of joint filings. On the other hand, zones where the SFRS lining is uncracked, are very tight and accordingly would be exposed to higher effective external pressure. Furthermore consolidation grouting can not be carried out be- hind a SFRS lining which acts - due to very irregular excavation surface- even with a thickness of 22.5 cm as surface protection only, Elecrowatt Engineering Services Lid. November 9, 1995 / 401657240 / SCA-BG2.00C /OBNathpa Jhakei Hydroslectic Project - Report of Retainer Conauitant PARTI Page 4 By smoothing the irregular excavations surface with shoterete before applying the SFRS lining, this disadvantage could mostly be reduced. The more regular the ex- cavation surface would be, the more the SFRS lining could act as a bearing shell and withstand external water pressure. It would also be possible to carry out con- solidation grouting. Since a SFRS lining is more tight than a reinforced concrete lining, the acting water pressure on the SFRS lining during dewatering of the chambers would also be higher. On the other hand, the shear strength of the SFRS lining would be higher. From these points of view the required thickness of a SFRS lining applied on a smoothened rock surface would be more or less the same as that of a reinforced concrete lining. ‘The thickness of a SFRS lining could be reduced and applied as a surface protec- tion only in combination with pressure relief drilings through the lining, But as men- tioned before, pressure relief holes in the lining are only allowed, if no washing out of joint filing and accordingly disintegration of the long-term stability of the rock mass can occur. For the geological conditions encountered the potential of erosion and washing out of joint filings is doubtless present. If these fine materials in the joints can be stabilized successfully, for example by systematically pregrouting of the rock mass around the chambers (minimum depth 10 m), a rather thin (20 to 25 cm) SFRS lining, applied and drained directly on the rough surface, would be a technical alternative to the proposed reinforced concrete lining. Since the infiling of the joints consists of clayey gouge and rock floor it is, however, very questionable whether these materials could be stabilized by pregrouting. The success of such pregrouting would have to be proved and verified with an in-situ test program carried out before excavation of the chambers. Electrowatt Engineering Services Lis November 9, 1995 /40168/240 / SCA-BG2,D0C /OBNNathpa Jaki Hydroslecic Poject- Report of Retainer Consutant PART! - Page 5 4 Estimation and control of external water pressure acting on the reinforced concrete lining during dewatering of the desilting chambers Since the geological conditions are such that erosions of joint filings can not be ruled out, drainage holes in the lining would accalerate this process. In the case of a sub-surface drainage system with drainage galleries and drainage curtains by drillholes the same effect would occur. On one hand the joint filings would be washed into the drainage galleries and endanger their long-term stability. On the other hand the drillholes of the drainage curtains could be clogged by the eroded joint filings. Furthermore, drainage measures would also increase water losses from the pressurized chambers. Thus for the prevailing geological conditions it Is not recommended to implement any drainage measures in the concrete lining and in the vicinity of the chambers. ‘The external water pressure acting on the concrete lining is mainly influenced by the permeability of the rock mass and the lining itself. The less permeable the rock mass compared to the lining is, the less the lining will be loaded by external water pressure. Thus external water pressure acting on the concrete lining can be con- trolled i.e. diminished by consolidation grouting around the desilting chambers in connection with a moderately cracked lining. This effect was verified in a detailed analysis as given in Appendix A. First the length of the most critical flow paths towards the dewatered chamber were determined by using the theory of an imaginary source reflected at the groundwater surface. The groundwater table was assumed to be at elevation 1495 (maximum operation level of the reservoir). In view of the topographical situation and the drainage effect of the access tunnels and gate shaft, no higher groundwater table has to be expected. ‘The results for the two different cases considered are: - Allchambers dewatered: critical length of seepage path towards the chamber arch varies between 26 m and 42 m; towards the chamber walls between 42 m and 88m Elecrowatt Engineering Services LY, November 9, 1995 /40168/240 / SCA-BG2.D0C /OB[Nathpa Jha Hydrookecrc Project - Report of Retainer Consultant PARTI Page6 — Single chambers dewatered: critical length of seepage path towards the chamber arch varies between 26 m and 30 m; towards the chamber walls the flow path length is 30 m (distance to the neighboring pressur- ized chamber). In the analysis the permeability of the different zones were assumed as follows: - Concrete lining: uncracked concrete: 108 m/s Considering construction joints with an opening of 0.1 mm (conservative, probably wider) and at a spacing of 3.5 m and 6.0 m, the perme- ability is increased to 3.8 x 10-7 m/s (see Ap- pendix A). The influence of the cracks, which will occur due to intemal pressure are neglected. — Rock mass: between 5 Lugeon and 20 Lugeon (probably conservative), which is equal to 6.5 x 10-7 mis to 2.6 x 10° mis — Grouted rock zone: The permeability of the rock can be reduced by grouting at least 2 times, which can be guaran- teed by a 3 x 3 m grout hole pattern. Proposed thickness of grouted rock zone around the chambers is 3 m. Based on these assumptions the pressure gradients of the seepage flow through the above three zones were calculated. From this the pressure head taken by each zone was derived. Electowatt Enginoering Services Lid, November 9, 1995 /40165/240 / SCA-BG2.D0C /OB'Nathpa Jhals Hydroslectic Project- Report of Retainer Consultant PARTI Page 7 The results obtained can be summarized as follows (detailed results see Appendix A) Aim Arm Pressure head acting on the concrete lining Numbers of chambers dewatered all 1to3 Permeability of the rock mass 20 Lugeon | 10 Lugeon | 20 Lugeon | 10 Lugeon Top of the arch 23m | o6m | 23m | 06m Bottom of the arch and top of the side} 1.9m | 05m | 22m | 07m wall Middle of the side wall 17m | 05m | 47m | 15m Bottom of the side wall 15m | 04m | 57m | 18m It may be concluded, that even with conservative assumptions on the permeability of the concrete lining, a considerable part of the external water pressure is taken be the rock mass and above all by the grouted rock zone. Thus, the maximum ef- fective pressure is only 5.7 m in the case of rather permeable rock mass. If the rock mass is less permeable, also the pressure head acting on the lining will be less. ‘The maximum estimated water inflow during dewatering of all the desilting cham- bers for a most outside laying chamber is between 20 V/s and 75 Vs depending on the permeablity of the rock mass (5 to 20 Lugeon). If only one chamber is dewa- tered the inflow can reach 50 Us to 155 Us. These figures are reasonable compared to the observed water inflow in the exploratory drift (400 min over a length of 1190 m). It has to be noted that the water inflow during excavation is much lower, since the groundwater table will be lower than during operation of the desitting chambers. Etectrowatt Engineering Services Li. November 9, 1995 /40165/240 / SCA-BG2.D0C /OBNathoa Jhais Hydroelectric Project - Rapor of Retainer Consuitant PARTI Page 6 5. Proposed modification of the shape of the chambers and construction sequences In order to give the side walls a more continuous curvature from the vault to the hopper portion, which is favorable in view of external pressure, its is proposed to increase the radius of the chamber arch by 1m by reducing at the same time the width of the chamber at the top of the hopper (see Drawing in Appendix B). Thus, the total sectional area of the chamber is unchanged compared to the original solu- tion. The advantage of this slight modification is, that the forces of the arch buttress are transmitted directly into the neighboring rock and therefore the rock parts near the side wall are not loaded during its excavation, Besides this the transition of the side wall to the hopper part is smooth as it forms an arch. ‘The proposed modification of the shape of the chambers is shown in the attached drawing. The following construction sequences are recommended: = Excavation of the chamber from the crown down to the spring level, starting with the central drift and continuing with the widening to the full width of the crown in pulls of about 3 m - Placing of efficient support (shotcrete, rockbolts, steel ribs) on the vault accord- ing to the encountered rock classes immediately after every pull - Casting of final vault in reinforced concrete at a fixed distance of about 18 m behind the excavation front = Contact grouting of the vault - Excavation of the rest of the chamber in downwards steps of 3.5 m — _ Installing of efficient support (shotcrete, rockbolts) for the side walls according to the encountered rock classes immediately after every step Construction of the hopper portion in reinforced concrete - Casting of the final walls for the chamber in stages of 3.5 m up to the spring level of the arch — Contact grouting of the side walls — Consolidation grouting of the rock mass around the chambers Electrowatt Engineering Services Lid November 8, 1995 /40168/240 / SCA-BG2.D0C / OB[Nathoa Jaks Hydroslactric Project - Report of Retainor Consultant PARTI- Pago? Design of the temporary rock support and the final concrete lining The dotailed design of the temporary rock support and the final concrete lining is given in Appendix B. Some selected results are discussed below. During dewatering of the chambers the maximum compressive stresses in the con- crate lining (conservative assumption of rock mass permeability of 20 Lugeon) with ‘a nominal thickness of 30 cm attain 21 kg/em? in the arch and 58 kg/cm? in the side walls considering extemal water pressure as wall as rock loads. The allowable stresses in the lining according to IS 456 for uniaxial compression is 60 kg/cm? for concrete M20 (strength after 1 year; minimum quantity of cement 330 kg/m per 183370). Since the state of the compressive stress can be considered as two-di- mensional, in fact the allowable stresses would be somewhat higher. It may be concluded, that the proposed lining system combinad with consolidation grouting of the rock mass will guarantee enough safety of the lining for dewatering. To control cracking the required reinforcement of the concrete lining consists of 12mm bars spaced by 20 cm in both directions (concrete cover 5 cm). This rein- forcement will imit crack width below 0.2 to 0.3 mm and therefore prevent washing out of joint filings into the chamber during dewatering. To reduce the permeability of the rock mass around the chamber contact and con- solidation grouting have to be carried out. For contact grouting behind the lining grout pressure of 3 bars shall be applied using a pattern 3 x 3 m. With the same pattern the rock mass has to be consolidation grouted to a minimum effective depth of 3 m (length of drill holes 4 to 5 m) at a maximum pressure of about 15 bars. De- Pending on grout mixture and properties of the shear seams, the optimum grout Pressure has to be found with in-situ tests. It must be noted, that for the proposed reinforced concrete lining, only impermeabi- lization but no stabilization of the joint flings has to be attained with grouting. Electrowatt Engineering Services Li, ‘November 9, 1995 /40168/240 / SCA-BG2,D0¢ /OBNathpa Jhakl Hydrolectic Project- Report of Retainer Consultant PARTI Page 10 7. Conclusions and recommendations The rock mass in the vicinity of the desilting chambers is rather jointed and perme- able. if the joint filings would be exposed to seepage fiows with rather high gradi- ents towards or outwards of desilting chambers, erosion and washing out of these filings would have to be feared. Then the long term stability of the rock mass near the underground openings (desiiting chambers and galleries) would be endan- gered. Furthermore, washing out of joint filings would increase permeability of the rock mass. As long as the cracks in the lining of the desilting chambers are limited below 0.3 mm, no washing out will occur. All drainage measures as holes in the lining and drainage galleries would accelerate the process of the erosion of the joint filings. Thus for the prevailing geological conditions it is not recommended to carry out any drainage measures in the lining and in the vicinity of the chambers. ‘The main purposes of the final lining of the desilting chambers are: — to carry external loads exerted by the rock in the long-term and by groundwater pressure during dewatering of the desilting chambers — to prevent rock erosion and washing out of joint fillings in the case of pressur- ized as well as dewatered chambers — to limit water losses — to ensure long-term stability under varying internal pressures. In view of safety, these requirements can be satisfied most reliably and probably also most economically with a concrete lining, in which reinforcement is designed for crack control below 0.3 mm and in which the stifness can withstand external pressures. The external water pressure acting on the final lining is mainly influ- enced by the permeability properties of the rock mass and of the lining itself. A moderate lining permeability, as it will be with cracks limited below 0.3 mm, will al- ready diminish the effective external pressure. In addition consolidation grouting will eliminate rather pervious zones near the chambers and further decrease effec- tive external pressure on the lining. The Retainer Consultant EWI recommends the following concept for the lining of the desilting chamber: Etocrowatt Engineering Services Lis. November 9, 1995 / 40168/240/ SCA-8G2.D0C /OB‘Nathpa Jhaks Hydroelectrle Project - Report of Retainer Consuttant PARTI - Page 11 1) For the temporary support either SFRS or conventional shoterete provided with a wire mesh can be used. 2) The excavation of the chamber shall be carried out from the crown down to the spring level followed immediately by the casting of the final vault at a fixed distance of 18 m behind the excavation front before excavation of the rest of the chamber in downwards steps of 3.5 m 3) Final lining of the chambers should consist of reinforced concrete with a nomi- nal thickness of 30 om. The reinforcement has to be designed to limit width of cracks below 0.3 mm. 4) Ata pattem of 3 x 3 m contact grouting behind the jiner at a pressure of 3 bars and consolidation grouting of the rock mass up to a minimum effective depth of 3 m (length of drill holes 4 to 5 m) at a pressure of about 15 bars shall be car- tied out (to be optimized with in-situ tests). 5) No drainage measures are required. Cavities such as adits near the chambers shall be protected with a final support (shotcrete or concrete) in order to pre- vent washing out of joint flings. ‘An SFRS lining (drained or not) could be considered as an alternative to the pro- posed final reinforced concrete lining only if the following conditions are satisfied: a) Undrained SFRS lining = Smoothing the excavations surface with shotcrete before applying the ‘SFRS lining (maximum deviation from the theoretical profile less than +3 cm) - Minimum SFRS lining thickness 25 - 30 om - Consolidation grouting of the rock mass up to minimum effective depth of 3m behind the SFRS lining - Constructive reinforcement in zones with stress concentration (transition between side walls and hopper portion in reinforced concrete). Eloctrowatt Enginearing Services Li [November 9, 1995 /40165/240 / SCA-BG2,D0C /OBNatipa Jak! Hydroslectc Project- Report of Retainer Consultant PART. Page 12 b) Drained SFRS lining = Minimize irregularities of rock surface by smooth blasting (maximum devia- tion from the theoretical profile less than + 15 cm) — Systematical pregrouting of rock mass and stabilizing of joint fillings around the chambers to a minimum depth of 10 m Verification of effectiveness of the pregrouting with a large scale in-situ test before excavation of the chambers — Minimum SFRS lining thickness 20 - 25 em — Pressure reliaf drilings through the lining into the rock (depth ~ 1 m) in a regular pattern (to be determined based on permeability properties of the pregrouted rock zone). Eloctrowatt Engineering Services Li. November 9, 1995 / 40165/240 / SCA-BG2.D0C /OBAppendix A Estimation of external water pressure acting on lining during dewatering of the chambers= APPENDIX A NATHPA JHAKRI Desilian Chau bers Estiviagtion of exle-ral water _pressatré atity 09 Waidg daring dewatering of — the chau bers 4) Faker of 2, coe flow — einakioa of magtiwmn pegs godiols 1495 1463.33 =a presurizee| clanabec Shel of flow pathes (assumiag homoyeneass permatil) A Cg oe es Crilical (she lest) Satpal falhes. ( ehinrdled with theory ef refkcled imayinarg well) : @) all chan bers earghed f * top of act: (Flow path@) 4 ~ 26 mm : Bebe Af a ( floupth®) 2 ~ 42 ms top of carved side wall- widdle of curt@A side dll | flows pts ©) se 62 an ° botlow of curve side walt (foo pth@) : ~ 8B as 4) Siagle bankers eared 2 2p of arch (flow pve @) sy 26 0 - Lelfeoma of a4 (flow pl4Q 2 ~ 22 01 top of curve sd? well 2 widde cand belle. 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FeUDA Jo Gupeds wo ‘Snot uoyonuisuco eoUeA Jo Bupeds: nmol uoponuisu0e feujpnnBuo| jo Gupeds: wise ‘siuof vonaruisues feuIpnubuoy Jo Gupeds siael vorenasueo Ie 1 HOUR wut ‘yo! uogonnsuoo FUER 10 A ue} uozonsucoreupmyEUO Jo WA wa bo sel voyonsuco Yeupnnbo, 1 eM ‘1noveo popecun Jo faggeoud 1! 80"300"t ‘102000 perpen Jo Keon ‘uy omen yo SsoU PML uyo any 1000 @ SLL ied obedos 10 (usu rovous) AD woz ued abodes o (Sum wove) (emo papeco Ba 0 pospisen Buna 0 woz Wed eno peoy rEMGTOND use ‘od ohoge poo seeapunorD 90-300 ‘eu yo doy (“aera 90-300 om 40 doy (“WRT ‘2 evo Avo jo Sujstemep Buunp Bujuy uo Gunoe eunesexd sem user {NBENVHO ONLLWSIG -ROXVH VAHL, LaeRIVHO ONLLTISSO- REVI VaHLYNsxoreo, ‘ov001 0 mo veg see goo mor vps sw mye ovo Sac me Po wiese sew: ogee v0 fase moa Po pou mor vowed wn pont mi pwning ace pono vo Bae en op ule sore pio wo Bae ee Pet eos mot vung ace pom mot vd qu ue Bune emeterd on oe wite (pa wo open ssesd ares pt sm oro dou a 0 eo dex HH] ue ed a p or wee ss 901 ged ay 0 ey (Seu sro 2) teu oo 2) toto) 0or wot ponas ee Ani s1u 993001 (web 01 sos pons on kmoung jo06n7 01) wre woe wee 90:300"t ‘seu ypoH ou Jo AageoWeg ued 6edo06 7 (ua Sov04s) IPRS potoprsueo Guna Jo 1jod enone peau somepunciD) swam opts 40 dex 80 weuT] (wos6e 02) wee 90-300's ‘wed ebedoes yo (6009 uoKs) rea pvepreuco Buty YO Wed sxoge peat eFeKPUNOID tomo 0 dou BETTE] \EzeNNWHO ONILISSG-HONVHE VAHLVN ‘yo uo Aue jo Buysremap Suunp Buyuy vo Bunce einsserd seven reusereg LUBENVHD ONLESO-nONVHR WaHLLYN‘oo'e0t nese pom men seg pom 09 snd wien ves ou Ba ome pe vee ou v Bap sae po wat pom m9 vonog on mer vung wis vee pena oo Bae cote porto wo aoe men Pe ase pom me voueg po ot wong ane aap a ve Se sieted re yore sm oo 1 soem som or 1 wom SI] cs rd oy 0 By wees smu er do 0 en (eva ee ya tera yoo zn) ue ou pane or hcg s1u s0306s ote ot) vor pana mug euor Yor penoi6 jo yidog we ‘uo ypor peinos6 jo yidog SEU YOO! BY 10 ARGEOULO (uoe6ny 02) soew YOU eu JO KnqBousod ny i 9 greed we, Gam es 00 hg ed banner Boreas ‘nicl usps pape Sars relegate ct etomoe maf 89 ed obedoos Jo (ue sveus) fe woe ued obedoos Jo (ue wanous) foo pavpieo Sou Jo pormpsuco Bin Jo wer od anoge pea seeKp INES wer ed ono peed Temp une s0-3001 0m 001810 poms 90-300" tom opre 10 eneun| eT TET] ‘Wa eue Aue jo Supsyenep Buynp Supt uo Supoe emnsserd soem wuI9.Ty SQNVHO ONILISIG-LONVHT VAHLLYN, NaaNyHo OMIZYSaa -EDKWH VAHLYNeo et Jo vod po! out vo GupDe JEM jo peor oy ft Jo vow ‘uz pomoi6 21g uo Buibe s972m Jo POOH Peoy FOI 0 Loo uj vo Bunoe einsserd 1am Jo poet peey fet Jo woo pot uo Bunbe so. J pet eeu 1 Jo voRog ‘vcr panos6 oun vo BuRDe JEM JO FEOF eeu ot Yo voy Supa uo Gupoe eunseeid seam Jo peor a ton opps jo woog (Sina wee ‘eu or ued Ho Jo Bey urs seu yp ued mayo we (ssew ye 1 2) (Grou wos 1 21) 5141 £0-300¥ (096m) 27 Yo0! pemon eit o Ameouiag s1u 90-306 (voa6mn ob) var oo! pana 04 hceouted we evoz par pereib 6 dog we cua yoo panes 1 ydog s)u 40-3089 (uoeEer 01) seu 900) oo Angew sym 90-3092 (woes oz) seu yp 0 hareouseg oyu co-z088 ym o1012009 ou Aaeoused FeO sya so-3006 fay 100000 a 10 Anpgeowed ey us ‘tie vofrisued yeaa o 6uDedS wo uel uoiusue® Rowe jo Euneds use Swof UoIFanuIsueD FeurpniBud| jo Bupeds wee sWO! UMONISuED feuIpnubudy Jo BuDeds, wut sacl venrvsuco aon 1 DIA ww sil ones reas 0 AA wus suvol waonasueo pRB 1 WDA uw eo ‘yo voprasuns feupeot 19 OHA 4 60°300"t ez0Go powesun Jo Kangoo 19 80-300" ance pepeun Kaeo wero ‘Guquyy eyas0UC0 jo ssouNAL woo ‘Gunay ove.0U00 Jo ssoUIEIL woe ged obedoos Jo (ue wovoys) fom woe ued otedoos Jo (Guo, savoUs) FeaHD poppe Bunn 0 posse Sun 0 wis wed anoge pes Jemempuno%D wis wed rare peey reHpUNDID 90-3008 sm opts 10 wonog [ae ET] 903001 ren opt so wouog [We TE \gQMVHO ONLLTISSG “RENVHE WaHLLVN 142 ue Aye Jo Suveremep Suunp Gujuy| uo OuRoe eunsseid so}om youlsTrg \3amvHO ONLETSSO- ROH VaHLLVHAppendix B Rock support and concrete lining; criteria and designNatipa sta yéroslectleProjct- Desig Chambers [APPENDIX B-1 Table of Contents FIRST PART: CRITERIA 1 1. Selection of a type of support 1 Wd Main criteria 1 144 Mechanical bahavior 1 11.2 Discontinuities 2 1.1.3 Alterability 2 1.1.4 Groundwater table in the rock mass 2 115 Cover 3 141.6 Dimensions of the cavity 3 1A7 Method of excavation 3 12 Selected types of support 4 1.2.4 Temporary support 4 1.2.2 Definitive lining 4 1.2.3 Proceeding for tunneling works 4 lectrowatt Engineering Services Li 07.11.98 /40165/180 / APPB-SPS.000 /OBNathpa ual Hydrosloctic Project - Dosing Chambers. ‘APPENDIX B- Page 1 FIRST PART: CRITERIA 1d Selection of a type of support Main criteria The main criteria to be considered when selecting a type of support are: = The surrounding rock Mechanical behavior Discontinuities Alterability Groundwater table in rock mass Natural stresses ~The structure and its construction method Size and shape of the cavern Excavation method Temporary and definitive support. Mechanical behavior Rock classification according to the geotechnical data: Rock class. Distribution of classes Rock type Class II (good) 87 - 90% ‘Augengneiss, Gneiss Class Il (fair) 6% Pegmatite 3-5% Amphibolite ~1% Schist (less fractured) Class IV (poor) ~1% Schist (more fractured) Class V (very poor) 1-2% Shear zones Etectrowatt Engineering Services Lid. 07.1195 /40168/150 / APPB-SPS.D0C /OBNathpa Jnaks Hydroslecic Project - Deelting Chambers. APPENDIX B - Pago 2 14.2 113 1414 ‘Admitted uniaxial compression of the rock mass and description of the rock strength: Rock class Uniaxial compression | Description of the rock Gc (MPa) ‘strength Class 1! (good) 60 to 40 medium - high Class III (fair) 40 to 20 medium Class IV (poor) 20106 title Class V (very poor) 6t00.5 very little Discontinuities Admitted range for RQD-value: Rock class RQD-Range | Spacing of joints | Description of the (%) (om) discontinuities Class II (good) 75-90 60-200 | litle jointed Class It (fair) 50-75 20 - 60 medium jointed Class IV (poor) 25-50 6-20 strong jointed Class V (very poor) <25 <6 very strong jointed Method of excavation admitted: blasting without prespliting of rock. Alterability In contact with water this rock is stable. By water gradient there is a danger of ero- sion in with clay filled shear zones and joints. Groundwater table in the rock mass — Water pressure during the excavation above the bottom of the excavated cav- ity: 10 m- 100 m water column b — Permeability k of the rock mass: 50 to 20 Lugeon ~ 6.5x10°7 to 2.6x10°8 mis — Water pressure at service state: Groundwater level: 1494 ma.s.l. Etectrowatt Engineering Services Lid. 07.11.98 40168/180 / APPB-SPS.00C /0B‘Nathpa Jhaksi Hydroolectle Project -Desiling Chambors APPENDIX B - Page 3 145 Cover Rock cover is of the order of 380m. The corresponding max. geostatical vertical stress is: @, = 2.7 Um3 x 380 m = 1000 m2 = 100 kp/em2 = 10 MPa Value Se : 8 Rock class = Description of the state of ° geostatical stress Class II (good) 6-4 less Class III (fair) 4-2 medium Class IV (poor) 2-06 strong Class V (very poot) <06 strong ‘The horizontal stress can vary: 6,=0.50, +150, 1.1.6 Dimensions of the cavity Width: 18m Height 30m A partial excavation of the face is to be considered. AT Method of excavation — Blasting without prespliting of rock — Section of the excavation with a total thickness of the lining (incl. all support) of 40 om for all rock classes. Electrowat! Engineering Sorvices Lid, (07.11.95 / 40165/180/ APPB-SPS.00C /08[Nathpa Jhakrl Hyéroslocrc Project- Desiting Chambers 12 1.24 Selected types of support ‘Temporary support The adapted temporary support is used in combination with the definitive lining also as final support: Rock class ‘Selected type of support Class II (good) 1st layer shotcrete 2 om mortar rock bolts protection of continuous wear mesh Class III (fair) 1st layer shotcrete 2. om mortar rock bolts: protection of continuous wear mesh Class IV (poor) 1st layer shotcrete 2 cm mortar rock bolts protection of continuous wear mesh 2nd layer shotcrate 5 cm Class V (very poor) ist layer shotcrete 2 cm ‘shear zones crown: steel ribs, backfilling with shotcrete walls: stiffening with shotcrete, rock bolts, 2nd layer shoterate APPENDIX B- Page 4 1.22 Definitive lining Reinforced concrete lining, total thickness incl. shoterete layer according to the rock classes 40 cm; nominal thickness only concrete lining 30 cm. The casting of te concrete arch of the chamber is anticipated during the excavation of the crown. 1.23 Proceeding for tunneling works ~ Excavation of the chamber crown down to the spring level, starting with the central drift and continuing with the widening of the full width of the crown in pulls of about 3 m — Immediately after every pull placing of efficient support measures on the vault according to the encountered rock classes Elecrowatt Engineering Services Li 07.11.98 /40165/150 / APPB-SPS.DOC / OB[Nathpa Jnaksi Hydroolectlc Project Desiting Chambers [APPENDIX B - Page 5 - Casting of definitive vault in reinforced concrete at a fixed distance of about 18 m behind the face - Excavation of the rest of the chamber in down stages of 3.50 m - Immediately installing of efficient support measures for the walls according to the encountered rock classes = Construction of the hopper portion in reinforced concrete - Casting of the definitive walls for the chamber in stages of 3.50m up to the spring level. Notice: The criteria are based on the geotechnical data of: — Geological Survey of India Comprehensive Geotechnical Report No. 2 New Delhi, October 1991 and the most recent data of: — Progress Report No. 1 (Geotechnical Survey of India - April 1994) Blectrowatt Engineering Services Lid, (07.11.95 /40168/160 / APPB-SPS.DOC /OBNATHPA JHAKRI Desilting Chambers [aPPendix 6] Table of Contents SECOND PART ; DESIGN 2, Design coal entation Me support 6 2.4 Temaporary v ra dunn excavabion 6 24.4 Rok Clam a} od ) 6 24.2 Ruck Clon It Cod) ? 213 Rock Clas W (poor) e 2.44 Rock Clare Y (very poor) 9 22 Conerele Lining mM 22,4 loads 44 22,2 Estimahin of external maler prescure aching on bininp cheering ernplyrn ef ow Chan bis 7 42 2,2,3 JA ima hion tev? roth prem re) Conerrk Lining Rock Eas V (ver peer 42 2.2.4 Reergn of He Bring (- 7 ‘3 2.2.5 Rew reemernré 43 2.26 GCrovibn 13 2,2,2 Dowels Ye Prx resnforcement A 22,6 Anehorinp rock bothr heads wo the Conewk Liming 45 2.2.9 Cover by cone for all otal 45 212,40 Peymessibte chrerves 16 ANNEX" TEMPORARY Rock SUPPORT Logovt Plyict of rock both a Sweet iis — DESIGN DRAWING NUMBER = = tngincers+ Consultants le | TT Se2, Design caleulation of the cupport 2.4 Temporary suf pert durirny oxtuwahin 21.1 Rocke clan DT (geet) Cup tngrern, ms - wand Gnd Mabie . Qa 12.22 RAR a 10.5 Log BIGH 42 ACH & SP Reyarired bappet prrreere ( Lowsbrinne ) por? 133 acety, (Bakr ) DECI) OF poze parton pag f Reek Aeth Sofof p 20,08 rey, Cratiaeg So7, & p 4202” ate Nee Pau 8 Boe 2,00 Wy ne Ae t6 10™ Ptr Az KG/ eu Te Satatientes 23 by, Lenptt La gee op bo Bard (ESR = 2): Lobe oe, 46 Me J} ~Gft loll + Qa 226.6% RAR N26 bog 6.674422 62 Cr punl ide y ke alte eh , ' 8 yal 75 = 22078, | Boch toth 0%, of p = 4973 ‘Gh we Cre Vo% of p spz gan” ‘v f ° Ou + Spacing » 2,30" 2,00 pam Actibar” pte Ax 244 wn” Oe Glzetyertoo . 4-Go4 iy Loe Coin ™ Zo wm vy On ~ Layla wall: R= Yo Run = ML log by + 92 bY Qa lrtostoo Pigs ae 20672, Ozh Rok bth Lop, 204 by Chronnng wh Ye Ap 2647 Gone B20 4 then Spachy 302,00 2m Ae Yom fro Ge Ste tu Le bom OF = OITA EIOKLOO Hhyy vert ne DRAWING NUMBER21.2 Rocke chan WT (fatr) 1 Byvatile, Complrtrtile thist (te pactured ) —Growre : Adulte Q.Valie + Q- 93 RMR = lbp G44 22 Lb ard Sapgucvk pac tat ( brrp-dring ) ¢ oi te 358, 06r yy 4 us ae Rok both Voy, ap =907 Mehr Ly ariep VA ofp dpzao ? Spaunmp Lee ran mm Aa zoom ptr Ba 491 Ub &% 2 B3trroort W_ 22% Ve G97 - ony Le beer Be. Ae toe Zon 2 - ULt welt : Qa 99 RAR = 0b Reppoaa Past Puppet primi (logy brine) GN EO RG eA py Lee DUI “2 aH hy . ne Rock Leth ogepp = 22 Wehr Lriaug VO% Tp Mpaera o¥ “eee on poemye eon Pr an on je Bran GUS Be H4t Tye Ard arroontPO_ /b% bs ty grea om FA %| = 62 ~ Right wall + Feb RAR 2135p de.¥s 4 sega! aepyot pune (tre feos} QI 4 = 132 Poyase® B22 AZM = 0,26 Web Rock beth Lo 0 p 43 fey Ly rating fom of p = 472% ; Boe Spacenp or npe mn nm Ae Oi amd fro AaB cm™ — Gye WD rro0nt I 1y 4g Ze = “nna = 20 me wy tpiur ou DRAWING NUMBER24,3 Rock chars W (oor) ~ Shutt (more fractured ) -Gownr _: Dd Hoel Q- Vatu Q=3,33 RNR: (35 Cop 83+ 3 = So aasivael Seppert patrouce (oe: -Aine ) : po 223n ho, 39 Ay Rock Ath ‘ "5 = 930 “gy Strotrrte Pons borer Fi “eo wets Som Crivng. pap Apa oer Upacn ef reek brt& : ore” 2100 AA a Ae GT m™ Grr A= V4 Om* Ga Grerrecx 190. 2438 | La tt O1S222 2735 504° 6m os hsheute 7 bye RE be 0452 Pom k OAS "Yor + 940 tra 20,4 “yy, Ce Pon Pin nly a Q= 2.32 RR = 50 Begonias! veggot prtasane ¢ 4, Or9e -biw) QL 40325615 eo ae are “4 be ty hock Lrth Shh erbe Pov june He TYG Hom Ummeg Bh ofp bp = 4 gee Oboe Spae: rock 4th } tI ae Ae SOM a ALK ~ © 2 OBS rrworl/n~_pugrk # 9 on Te ae al sy | Lea trois 22 Film DO boom Shoteut © be 2452 Fem = 799 » tPS0 _ | br Bue 24 PSO 8 IS egy Sheet & of DRAWING NUMBER— Right bt be to meired Saat. eb pegs pists 4 Cove dg Shotiuk 7 ean Ve Lymineg 33 veokP dp = =0, a 4 Spars of rock boll : eae ot ae Az 35a” = UOT 29. 20m #90 ? Shotewte "be tyoe pon oye fof nse = 23S EN Rock Carn YU (very poor) site on Vepped fred (Crnp- Bin) + Pe 0,039 Ae Hee hey w per tow Aa “be Lom ad thor t- Fie Y \ # during kb. \ byeava tinn ? at E load of rock + WA QE2S5140 = 2o Rte = Bt bp 204422 62 t (loege tires.) Rock tthe lees Me neh Gao OFe “ per A= 41 On™ G2 Bera rooxrI bP Shear tow, Thitlew par? Onan 20 nw Crown — Gs 0,037 Arsh = 13,5 Coy 6,024 43 = 24 : ", £7G +2. : = G6. Mosk per FPG 02 Rome 16,2 %. 4b | Thithmen 4 2.0 mM Thom aS y ¢ lead admiled ps oy M0 we VousDiab buhon rf toada be 20m Shotts Soy, 8 paving of Slick hike se Stem Aelom I Her too 42,3 Ky, Pee $3? on™ oe OE Nrn® 930 bo = 26 hy Vertviar Cupprt ! THEA veo via hy, A ST Pon* Sa g8lyf g tee Bee om = ape ky yo Gy = Rien 946 key WhO 38 Ol th oy 2 Roce beth fre cath Supper f= be? 2 ayy tay, 2a 494 Cn ® load acts bud 6, tom Letom 4:46 Seek riba a Se Mlow Bolan a Ue 427 ae ° doom 4.20m s oe Me Pi seL Od ip hrad + Fotis 9300 y oP a 3,2 Fs A406 Ft) Shetek + x = f Euvernd, = F SA Menten | go fo a: nh es pz athe sy bb = oo ay Rock Lotls Aetont Ty 2 OP lov 4200 con 0 MOO eyyshy | Tt tg BF = Letom: = 26 Saco 4260 2 May 796° Sheet 40 of METAShotert + mine 2o gel eg ee my Cty Reinforcemmink Plrezrto Aes min, Ape GU 201006 5 ton® en pir Aoth diyechorus 2.2 Concrete Linving 4)t3) D« 2.2.4 loads Peck + Woke, eed) coy hy ‘ayn? Rock Cars z a a rt Cord) (fore) (poo) (werg peor) ~ Crow é Bock Ep = Our Oo 445 0,0 Wate wa O23 023 023 023 ., 6, , . ~Sbp wate O54 O54 GP Olp man Rock Ap = 243% 2,23 022 oto Wole Won O47 047 0.47 4% yale Aas On 4 ' a 7 —Ripthwate °° 220 067 067 Rockap = 0.41/ 213 044% 0,20 Warbr we OHF 0,47 Ou? ——O.4F 25? 0,60 967 0,bF A”) Rock pressure e ke Iwines ~ 4, COTE ae acne ae a 2) Wake bresmre on conevele lining: s. pan 2.2.2 Averadhe Vales W for unfavpureble ‘case’ Nr.@ » 3) Rec pressure on comerele tang Rock Class Zs Spar, 2.2.3 ’ DRAWING NUMBER226 rhination of 2xbrnel watir premure actne om linsnp olteriny orm Ay pring of He “cherabera (delailed analysis see Ygpotiz 4) Locatiey Pressure head aching on Me coner, lining Top char | 22m] 6m | ogo | Oba 1 | Bokowr of art, 14 nd 4G m Pap opted well Mehle sf til wll), Fra 2, Som YF ha 1,510 Tolbert of ticks wall) 4, 5m O4nr SF?m 4&4 Permeability of 20 lagers] ao lagers | Do lnpers |A0 Lupton 1 chan, C i Setidedy"| ae | tt Case Ar. o |-@ ® ® 2,23 Elbwatin of rest reck pressure ou Conerch harnge Rock Chm VW very poor) for Hache of shear bree Enax < %Om Lang Hime er town” ! Load aolen. af shoef-hine Ca- par 25,4) p= Ne hap ws tb hy | Aurrenre at Cong Bint Ape O2Zile = _O¥ m delat p= 2,00 ~elhe + bead adr at vherk-hie CA pardr4) 9!= OP r= 4fky | Anew ag “tng Bondy 7 ae = 2% iM [ pz 10% Zam Gm DATE Sheet 4. of — DESIGN DRAWING NUMBER =I — Engineers + Consultants ; ia aat 22,4 Derren of Foe Cyrnaiey pol 7 pa bs lyf, Crow nian, pytere neomnal Pythness tO on = 7k a me wv CR “Ee ok : = L6E NG nw HS OH 0.7 ty hee . 20.7 Go, VO crn F tay ~ Nella maar prenant ps0 70 ky) min. effechioe Agtkuns d= ¥o-7 2 22 0,'5'°™ @- Fo: tere C42 ky < bo, ¢ 3307 Hann” oe 2,2, 5 Revarfor enn Reracforennted putld flo enhol cracking of coucute Ap neve Lhe Prrpernea br Qby ok Khe tenrng and te persed washing tal of pod phe Ulrwed crackray ff 23mm afta fatkner Ag = ON? Le dein toc tm s Sob Cm] Wy 8 Rigaforecetuck sh Arncthn ? Ape S60 tw A? C % 2.6 Groutn __ Crrtact ord Coneot'cla tir grouting Anedeol ‘ — by Improve The tnapematey Aly De bh ode Ma Aina Hurek nerve ri ed o ' “mn a © =~ wt be Mae (ink ur Ue rock No prevent Corrosina 4 rook beth ath Org Hane. Cntact wh: dL, Crown han & be i “3 ft Yatton uardiv te exe cwkel bopore f@ Se roc aie bef Spring DRAWING NUMBER =I Engineers + Consultants .—Cortact Grouhing Paterat at arr ‘ 3 bar Packing of Grong toop 3 bar = 3 Yan» Grewn t Shucture Moen conewh + vhotenk G- = Fon M190 Cone eae by. (beet) YO tm 4 ony < walls; ruthie #000 enenk tvhoteuhk Be = 9278 2 206,2 Kg Local c fo = oho Mane C ) — Corsolbrote hing Grou Peruw at morte 6 15 bar Packing of Cinvimg S0% 15 bar = ASL Sruchue t : Creu 4 ehurtark fo ty tock erate dest with Cmte ct greets SO On ketal r GO Cry Crown : ae Kifer A410 tne 91,5 Ky (Cet) othe + ~ 90 Qu den < 46 7S" 2750. 219.2 Kgf, » (local ford <2H0 ” 22.7 Dowels to Mx ren forcement Dowels are lo be Lure pon ly of pe extalahkd curfan te i bth forcement = c % Steet bare Pt6 S=4,30m Wpeerng. dOm x hd m mortar anchorage 4 80 tm Dowels teaprove He connection Between concrele lining and rode %o man andare to be txrecuted TT22,8 Anchoring rock bolt heeds v4 He conerek linn Eupecia Gly us ‘he Rock Claro LF (peor) and Role Char VW (1404, peor) we rapertant a q vod dounection between conerehi toring amol tock arate. 76 obtain Mer, Br chorige of He bock bolt teads 1s fo be provided, “Nv te. oe oo x ie : 4 Rock bette g2o A, ¢ p40 6 ~ stl per forated anid ete a Serew fee Ape ¢.P/ tot on He roche boll ~ | Slee sArrupe g to weloled at Lhe -hyte 4 edo wel? My LM Conte 2 a IE a Uh me 2,29 Concrete cover for atl cll To prevent cerrouion all sleek are % be covered usvth £ en coucnretle. Sheet #5 of DRAWING NUMBER2.2.40 Permesuhle sheer, attewliang avith I) 456 - 1948 IS: 2370 CPark £) - 1965 Oud - Oona Grace of Umurt Af 20, cement » 330 4h? + Courpatrniny Perveorhte themes, apt > 12 Movrths Dr Ye = 6,0 a = 60 he Crepe o£ 4 he tmork ; ap 2 12 Meth, fea? C1 ous . B40 ty 7 3 Commprtrn've hinght fr Shit) Ainobley loa deo Mewlen ain Cowper Cay. tes) j > Arta % = 96 96 age 375 = ous pe ¢ \ i ee | DRAWING NUMBER |ANNEX ! » TEMPORARY RoCk SUPPORT layout & List of rock botts ANIVEX NR, ROCK CLASS Sh 4. Dimensions wef the chamber At 24 (Goon) - layout 4g 22 ~ lest 49 3.4 O (FAIR) - Lay owt 20 3,2 ~ biot a4 44 I (Poor) ~ lay rw a2 4.2 - deel 23 $4 V (very Pook) SHEAR 20NES : - Crown: lay out ay 52 - Walle: layout 25 5.3 - list 26 EAM scan LEITHANNEX WR, 4 % DIMENS/ON OF THE CHAMBER AREA = 379,53 sqm SCALE 1:200 DESILTING CHAMBER SECTION AtANNEX NR. 24 3 TEMPORARY SUPPORT RocK CLASS I (GooD) Section 11250 4040 = Ao,40 p. fF 7 = Fx350 _ S78 pity Spacing Rock Bolts | 230 4 2,00 at tt tt ttt —+—_4+—$_ +46 4 _6_9_ 9 9 6 tie yt 3 fi gt a2 93 gt Foe ge tse 45 4% 65 02 4 43 ot $46 4h tp ot ap ht 240 AB 2.30 445 2,00ANNEX NR. 2.2 &% TEMPORARY SUPPORT Rock CLASS I (G00D) 4, EXCAVATION STEPS @® cenbal drift @ widening of Hu crown bo the full width O-@ srcavation of the rest of Me chamber 2. TEMPORARY ROCk SUPPORT 24 Crown - ast Layer Shakowk 4-2 om —voubl + wire mesh + rock botht Se: 2,Jox 2,00 1-5 Rock bolke pre Le lon ne OSV ~ ark bubress «rock bobhr wp-r,20x 2,00 6 Rock telh dts Lebon ne 2u 2.2 Lekt wall - Axe layer Shobrwt 4-2 om walt “1 were mths rock bbls Sp 2,20 x 2.00 - Rock both gro Lebom ne de e-9 4 « $25 Le5sm ha 20 donde “ G20 Let0m na Ze 2,3 Right wall fe layer Shot 1-2 om ~ yale + wire meths rock bolhy gp.r,20 x 2,00 2 Rock Athy gor bebo ae te eg ” “ 25 Cet Sm na dv foe" 4 gto Litem nese Vanmaty Rock Bthrs fir gw gre Cmortar rock both.) Lebom CeQvinm Ca2,com Ney tales of pef 2.00m/ Ch, ¥ 43,5 é Pofnee Ch, Z 6,75 3 i = DRAWING NUMBER: =7/1 = Engineers + Consultants EANNEX NR. 3.1 ! TEMPORARY SUPPORT ROCK CLASS IT (FAIR) Section 17250 4 4 #00 + . IWS0=5 Sx 5.50 pro Spacing Rock Bolts + 200 x APE PH 644 Fb 0 9g pp Pb Pd he pe eee et ae te ote Pete ees agi pt pt ot og? 9% ot of of of of 44 M00 2,00 4.00 2.00 20ANNEX NR, 3-2 : TEMPORARY SUPPORT ROCK CLASS II ( FAIR) 4, EXCAVATION STEPS ® cenhae adrift @ widewing of He crown to We fol wit @~-O excavabron of He rest of Me chante 2, TEMPORARY ROCK . SUPPORT 24 Crown ~ AS Lay Shotvate 1-2 om — volt + wre mesh + Fork both Sp Loon 7s 1-6 Rock brbbr 20 b= 3oem he 1,5 pel btSen Ch ~ ard batres: tock both spr 200% LPS z Route tet 2S Lzbom ne2v - rein for ud Crnerele arek 2.2 Left wale neti Leen Sheth t-2aw _ So wtte mash + cock bolle up: 2.00 #475 e Rock toth 415 Lebom n= de Iu gas as ee flo 4 4 2% Bo Ye 2,3 Bight wate = ast bayer Shotouke 1-2 ow — walt + cure mreth + rock bolkt Gm 200 x 47S & Rock beth 625 Lebow nadty I-10 ” « 2s VS Z2v at-(6 ” ” Zo 2.0 Ge Summary Rock Botts s #25 £25 ‘s20 + (mortar rock 60 br) fe bom Lokam Lye 20m Number o 176m Ce, 245 10 umber of pti Soy ay DRAWING NUMBERANNEX NR. 4.4 ! TEMPORARY SUPPORT ROCK CLASS IZ (POOR) Section 1/250 Spacing Rock Bolts 2.00 x APS i | 100 2,00 90 200 22ANNEX NR. 4.2 ¢ TEMPORARY SUPPORT Rock CLASS W (Poor) 4. EXCAVATION STEPS © central dr'ft ® widlentng of Hu crown & He Zul width @-D Lxcavatrow of Hw rest of Ha thanbev 2. TEMPORARY Rock SUPPORT 24 Crown — Ae Payer shotrwk Aer vm am vevbt? Wire nesvhe Rock Rolhr vpn 2,004 12S 1-7 Rock both J25 Laboom nmeBspe./t1im'ch 4 - 29 Gaur whelerete ” Ken = rernferced Cour arek 2.2 Left wake ~ Cape vholewte 1% cur ~ wall: unre wmah + rock belhe Gp 2004475 f-1S Rock teth fro Le bows az Ov to-20 ~ 9” «ges Le dsm ge = 2 baa aholeuk Sen 2.3 Reyht dott _ 4% tage vhofrck 4-2 on — walt. Wire prtsh o rock both gor2, } bade ~ WOH Lim teh 7 locke Poth gfe: 2.00 x 498 At-4T “a wv E25 Le kSoiun ne Sy Mb-2.0 ao ” A200 La tO0m nate Vuuimary Rock bot ; grr Pre g2e Cnortar po bob) Le6.0m beotm le2om Menken of po/hrcm'h, 245 to s pe [tor oy 1%0. SF 2,86 a Cc cc — DESIGN DRAWING NUMBER = = Engineers + Consultants are | aeTEMP. SUPPORT OF SHEAR ZONES Rot CLASS ¥ (VERY poor) Crown ANNEX NR. 5-4 Bpouryous LTANNEX NR. 5:2 3 Teyp. SUPPORT OF SHEAR ZONES Rock CLASS 7 (VERY PooR) Walls Section 40.40 4250 = p—*940_,_404o__, B00 17,502 5x 250 = 5 Section B-B 1:20 . “tS \shotcrete & {22% shotcrete Filling layer reinforce. L=€00mm $12 52200meAWNEX NR, 53 + TEMP. SUPPORT OF CHEAR ZONES Rock CLASS T (VERY Poor) 4. EXCAVATION STEPS ® central drift @ widening of the Crown to the ll width @-@ txcavation of the rest of the chamber 2, TEMPORARY ROCK SUPPORT 2.4 Crown ~4s* layer shoterele 1-2 On —Sleth ribs IAEA 200 HL.3 ke, Hucknest of thear eone Ef 200m Hoon, Osom Spac'n +f thd ribet 8 80m towns Alom ~ back pilbin wth Choferrt. e rasvlporcad conentk arch 2,2 Mabts «48 layer shotrel 1-2en - afte Removing of loosened rock Polling oth teak min. ickunon 200m, ee Cerne lly & Re sxcavahion pre file = Atacng of rock fotthr Aricknen view done bh: 20071 4oorm O,f0nm Rock belts, sancln gf : 25mm 20mm 2omm , kenght LZ: 60m GSn, Lom perlcal pawn S15 45m Ohi 20m = 2h chokiule Sem reinforced like whi baw J AL pacing 20 com om ott, chrechiong| Summary Rack both £1 200m doom Ow Namber ce vhear wa nat hee wd ve 4 oat DRAWING NUMBER[Nathpa Jhaks Hydroelectric Project - Report of Retainer Consutiant PARTII- Page! Table of Contents PART Il; LINER FOR THE UPPER PART OF THE SURGE SHAFT 1 Introduction 1 2, Distribution of the cracks in the reinforced concrete lining 2 3. Conclusions and recommendations 3 Etectowatt Engineoring Services Ltd. November 9, 1996 / 40168240 /SCA-BG3,D0C /OBNNathpa hak! Hydroslectic Project- Report of Retainer Consultant PARTIL-Page 1 PARTII: LINER FOR THE UPPER PART OF THE SURGE SHAFT 1. Introduction A steel liner had been proposed above elevation 1500 m up to the top of elevation 1580 m of the surge shaft in the specification drawings. In a report of the Retainer Consultants by Mr. Shinzawa it was recommended that the upper part of the surge shaft should be lined with steel liner. In view of econ- ‘omy and simplicity of construction a sandwiched trapezoidal steel membrane was considered to be most advantageous. The purpose of the steel liner is to prevent dangerous seepage flows into the overburden and weathered rock, which could cause erosions and instabilities of the slopes near the surge shaft. It was also stated, that in principal, these requirements could be satisfied with a reinforced concrete lining, in which reinforcement is suitably arranged to control crack width. But it was concluded that the amount of reinforcement proposed at that time was insufficient for that purpose. In a Memo (received 21.9.95) with the title “Surge Shatt Steel Liner Required” it is ‘expressed that the Design Office has unanimously been of the opinion that steel liner is not at all required in the top reaches of the surge shaft. It was argued, that the water cannot seep out the surge shaft during the limited duration of the up- surge, since the surrounding material (overburden, weathered and sound rock) has. a low permeability. According to the transient analysis the surge shaft will be filled entirely up to the top pond (elevation 1580 m) during about 2.5 minutes for extreme load cases (50% - 100% - 0%). Also the GSI (Geological Survey of India) reviewed their decision. They maintain that in view of — low slope angles in the vicinity of the surge shaft, — extremely low permeabilities in the area and = _ provision of a third drainage gallery at elevation 1510 m the steel liner is not required any more. Electowatt Engineering Services Lis [November 9, 1995 /40168/240 / SCA-BG3,D0C /OBNNathpa Jnaks Hydrostecic Project- Report of Retainor Consultant PARTII- Page 2 2. The design office presented detailed calculations of the behavior of the reinforced concrete lining under internal pressure, which were based on the amount and qual- ity of rib and reinforcement steel actually used for construction. From tests it was found, that the yield strength of the rib steel was higher than that taken from Indian Code by more than 20%. From these calculations it was concluded, that the stress levels in the steel are within permissible limit of 0.8 Yp (yield point) and crack widths are less than the permissible value of 0.3 mm even for extreme intemal pressure. Thus the second stage concrete including the steel liner is not required in the surge shaft. ‘The Retainer Consultant has been asked by NJPC-Shimla/Solan to submit com- ments on these conclusions. Based on the actual geological conditions, the Retainer Consultant EWI Zurich was also of the opinion, that the steel liner could be omitted as long as crack control could be guaranteed by the reinforcement. Therefore, a more detailed analysis was carried out to have a better assessment of the expected distribution of the cracks in concrete lining under internal water pressure. Distribution of the cracks in the reinforced concrete lining The distribution of the cracks was determined on the basis of recent findings about the development of cracks in reinforced concrete. The method described by Schleiss ("Contribution to the design of reinforced concrete linings in pressure tun- nels", in German, 1990) considers the history of the development of the cracks, At a certain stage of intemal pressure, a first series of cracks in certain spacing will ‘occur. At this moment, the tensile stresses in the steel bars in the middle between two cracks or near zero according the stresses in the concrete. As the intemal pressure is increasing also the stresses in the concrete between the cracks will grow. When the stress level in the concrete attains its tensile strength a second se- ries of cracks between the first series will develop. At increasing internal pressure further series of cracks will occur every time between the recent series of cracks. Thus the spacing of the cracks will be halved successively until the maximum inter- nal pressure is reached. The calculation of the width and spacing of the cracks has to be done step by step according to the history of the development of the cracks. Etoctrowatt Engineering Services Lt, "November 9, 1995 /40188/240 / SCA-BG3,00C /OB[Nathipa Jhaksl Hydroelectric Project - Report of Retainer Consutant PARTII- Pago The calculations were performed for a section at elevation 1524 m containing the following reinforcement: ~ steel ribs: 140.7 em? (ISMB 300 x 140 at a spacing of 40 cm) steel bars: 107.2 cm? (2 No 32 @ bundled together at a spacing of 15 cm) ‘The maximum head of the internal water preseure in this section is about 60 m. No external earth pressure or rock participation and external water pressure (fully drained conditions outside of the lining assumed) was considered. Tensile strength of the concrete was taken with 2kg/em2, According the detailed analysis the first series of cracks occurred at a pressure head of 10.4 m in a spacing of 546 mm. Immediately afterwards at 10.7 m the sec- ond saries of cracks will develop reducing the spacing to 273 mm. The third series of cracks are invoked when the pressure head reaches 21.4 m. The spacing of the cracks is further reduced to 136 mm. Up to the maximum head of 59.5 m no new series of cracks are created, but the width of the cracks increase to 0.12 mm. The stresses in the steel finally reach 270 MPa (82% of yield stress of 830 MPa). It may be concluded that the reinforcement actually placed guarantees a well distributed patter of cracks, which are below the tolerated limit of 0.3 mm. 3. Conclusions and recommendations The analysis on the crack width and stresses in reinforcement presented by the Design Office has been fully confirmed by the detailed check calculations of the Retainer Consultant. The cracks width are below the permissible limit of 0.8 mm, Thus during water oscillations in the surge shaft, no significant seepage through the concrete lining will occur. The varying pressure can also not cause washing out of soil materials i.e. joint filings behind lining. It may be concluded, that the actual placed, heavily reinforced concrete lining fulfills all criteria of a safe, permanent lin- ing and the steel liner can be omitted. On the premises that the quality of the first stage concrete is sufficient and the open construction joints can be treated, also the second stage concrete is not necessary. [EloctrowattEnginaerng Services Lis November 9, 1995 /40168/240 / SCA-BG3.000 /OBNNatipa Jhakt Hydroslectic Project - Report of Retainer Consultant PARTII- Page 4 ‘The compressive strength of the concrete should be verified by testing some cores taken from the lining. in addition to that, selected wide construction joints should be overdrilled in order to check their quality. At the same joints grouting tests can be carried out in order to prove its efficiency and to optimize the grout mix. If these tests are successful, it is recommended to seal the open construction joints having a width more than 0.3 mm, by consolidation grouting the soil and weak rock behind concrete liner (depth up to 0.5 m) near these joints. If the grout tests fall, special joint treatment or a slightly reinforced second stage concrete has to be considered. Since in the gap between the second and the first stage concrete external pressure could build up, the second stage concrete would have to be anchored in the lower zones with bolts into the first stage concrete. Eloctrowatt Engineering Services Lis November 9, 1995 /40165/240 / SCA-BG3,D0¢ /OB\Nathpa Jhale! Hydroslectrc Project- Report of Retainer Consultant PART Il- Pago Table of Contents PART Ill: HYDRAULIC TRANSIENT STUDIES 1. Introduction 1 2. Comments on the Studies 1 24 General 1 2.2 Computer model 1 23 Load cases and required freeboard 2 2.4 Determination of head losses 2 25 Sizing of the orifice 3 26 Minimum pressure head in the tunnel during down surge 4 3. Review of the results by check calculations 4 4. Remarks on the orifice 5 5. Conclusions and recommendations 6 Electrowatt Engineering Services Lt. November 8, 1995 /40185/240 / SCA-BG4.D0C /OBNNathpa Jali Hydroslectic Project- Report of Retainer Consultant PARTIII-Page t PART Ill: HYDRAULIC TRANSIENT STUDIES 24 22 Introduction Hydraulic transients studies were carried out by National Hydroelectric Power Cor- poration Ltd. (NHPC) in 1993 and 1994. The results are summarized in two reports namely in the Final Report dated August 1993 and in the report on the Supplemen- tary Hydraulic Transient Studies dated March 1994. ‘The Retainer Consultant EWI Zurich has been asked by the NJPC Shimla/Solan to submit comments on these transient analysis and to give additional advices on se- lected problems. Comments on the Studies General The studies carried out are very comprehensive and give appropriate indications about the hydraulic transients in the waterway system. The required basis data as. friction losses were varied over a wide range. The numerous load cases investi- gated cover all critical plant operations. Computer model In the report there are no indications about the computer program which has been used. The geometric model set up is rather detailed comprising 18 segments and 16 nodes. Considering also the intermediate nodes, totally 354 number of compu- tational points have been used, It is not evident on which wave velocities in the tunnels the calculations are based. Generally the wave velocities depend on the deformability of the rock mass as well as the type and stiffness of the lining. Thus the wave velocities can vary along the waterway system. The computation step should be selected in such a way, that the traveling time of the wave in each segment divided by the time step gives full num- bers as best as possible. To fulfil that criteria, the wave velocity in each segment can be adjusted once the computation step is selected. Electrowatt Engineering Services Li November 9, 1995 /40165/240 / SCA-BG4,D0C /OB"Nathpa Jnaksi Hydroelectric Project - Report of Retainer Consutant PART II- Page 2 23 24 Since the computer model by NHPC uses a rather short time step of 0.08 s, the above mentioned criteria is probably satisfied. The steel lined sections in the headrace tunnel were not modeled as not known at that time. In the final studies these steel lined stretches should be considered since they influence the total head losses. The turbines are modeled as a valve, which can discharge under rated conditions the design discharge of 405 m®/s. During closing and opening the turbines, the dis- charge is assumed to vary linearly. The influence of the tailwater system on the headrace system is given only by the tailwater levels. Once the turbine manufac- turer is selected, the transient analysis should be reviewed considering the real characteristic of the turbine. Furthermore the stability of the waterway system con- sidering the torque of the units and the characteristics of the grid, Load cases and required freeboard ‘Shutdown of all 6 units in 10 s and starting 3 units in 60 s and 20s was studied. ‘Starting of all units at the same time is to be considered as not possible due to the constraints of the grid. Together with the results of the critical combined load cases, the starting time of the second turbine operation should also be mentioned explicitly in the report. These values are of significant interest when establishing an operation manual of the power plant. ‘The proposed freeboard of 1.5 m of the top pond as well as the safety miargin of the lower extension gallery of 2.0 mis reasonable. Determination of head losses The head losses in large diameter tunnels should be calculated according to the more sophisticated theory of Prandtl-Colebrook. It is common practice to vary the roughness in concrete lined pressure tunnels in the range of 0.23 and 1.2 mm and for steel lined tunnels in the range of 0.03 to 0.09 mm. The equivalent range of Manning n - values are 0.013 to 0.015 for 10.15 diameter concrete tunnels and 0.011 to 0.012 for the 4.9 diameter steel lined pressure shatts. Electowat! Engineering Services Lis November 9, 1995 / 40185240 / SCA-BG4.DOC /OBNathpa Jaki Hydroslectic Project - Report of Retainer Consultant PART I - Pago 3 25 In the transient studies the n-values are varied for the concrete lined headrace tun- nels between 0.012 and 0.014, for critical load cases even between 0.011 and 0.018. It may be concluded, that the practical range is well covered. For the pres- ‘sure shaft only a n-value of 0.011 was adopted. In the final analysis also a some- what rougher assumption should be considered. For the critical load cases, several combinations of tunnel and shaft roughness should be checked. Sizing of the orifice The surge levels for different orifice sizes have been calculated systematically only for the single load case of shutdown of all turbines (100-0-0). The influence of an orifice with a reasonable area above 25 m? on the maximum upsurge of that case is very small (reduction less than 2 m compared to a simple surge shaft). In the only combined load case (50-100-0) studied, the 30 m? orifice reduces maximum upsurge by about 4 m. Of most interest would be the influence of the orifice on the maximum down surge (load case 100-0-50). Thus it is recommended to study the influence of the orifice size for the two most critical load cases systematically. The upper limit of the orifice size is equal to the simple surge shaft the connecting shaft between tunnel and surge shaft has to have the same diameter as the pressure tunnel. From the results presented in the study it can be seen that orifice sizes below 30 m? will increase the waterhammer transmitted to the headrace tunnel dramati- cally. The maximum waterhammer reaches with 30 m? orifice about 40 m, which is quite acceptable (about 20% of static head). With a 20 m? orifice this value would be doubled. ‘The connecting shaft (@ 8.8 m) between the headrace tunnel (¢ 10.15 m) and the surge shaft (@ 21 m) acts itself as a an orifice. In the final transient studies the losses occurring at the upper and lower end of the connecting shaft have also to be considered (besides the losses of the orifice itself). Elecrowatt Engineering Services Lis. November 9, 1995 /40185240/ SCA-BG4.DOC /OBNathpa Jalal Hydrosloctic Project- Report of Retainer Consultant PARTIII-Page 4 2.6 Minimum pressure head in the tunnel during down surge Since the upper part of the alignment of the headrace tunnel is rather high, the minimum pressure head including negative waterhammer during most critical down surge conditions has to be checked. Probably the most critical point is where the slope of the tunnel changes from 1 : 275 to 1 : 61.3. To avoid dangerous negative pressure in the tunnel, the minimum dynamic pressure head should not be more than 1 - 2 m below the crown of the tunnel for the most critical cases. Negative pressure could cause air entrainment, cavitation and damages to the lining. Since the alignment can probably not be changed, in the case of high negative pressure (near vapor pressure) the down surge has to be further limited by increasing the lower expansion chamber. Reducing area of orifice would be counterproductive, since waterhammer in the tunnel would be increased. Another, probably less critical point to be checked is the upper end of the pressure shaft downstream of the slide gate chamber. Review of the results by check calculations ‘The waterhammer and surge checks calculations were carried out by the use of the computer program AHYTRA, which was developed by Electrowatt Engineering Services LTD (EWI) and adopted successfully in many projects in the last two dec- ades all over the world. With AHYTRA transient flow conditions can be investigated in pressurized conduits. The movement of the waves of the water hammer is caleu- lated with the method of characteristics, while the differential equations are solved by numerical integration. The calculation model was compared to that of NHPC, somewhat simplified by neglecting desilting chambers, sholding drop shaft and draft tube. Nevertheless these omissions have a minor influence on the results. The steel lined sections of the headrace tunnel at Manglad and Daj creek were, however, considered. The top pond of the upstream surge shaft, the surge shaft, lower expansion gallery (100 m), location of the orifice (above tunnel), the downstream surge gallery with its expansion gallery was modeled as given by latest Construction Drawings. Eiecvowatt Engineering Services LU. November 9, 1995 /40165/240 / SCA-BG4,D0C /0BNathpa Jhake Hydroslecic Project- Report of Retainer Consultant PARTIIL- Pago S ‘The check calculations were carried out for some selected load cases including the most critical combined load cases (50-100-0 and 100-0-50). The results obtained for the upstream as well as the downstream surge system were in good agreement (within about 1 m) with that of the NHPC study. No higher upsurges or lower down surges were observed. For comparison a simple surge tank (without orifice, diameter connecting shaft equal to that of pressure tunnel) was briefly investigated for the most critical com- bined load cases (50-100-0 and 100-0-50). For the design discharge of 405 m/s the maximum upsurge was stil within the top pond. The minimum down surge went below the lower expansion gallery, but stopped above the bottom of the surge shaft (above elevation 1355 m). At overload conditions (445.5 m/s) the top pond was shortly overtopped above 1585 m. The minimum down surge traveled down the connecting shaft but was still safer above the pressure tunnel These results reveal, that the orifice in view of the maximum and minimum surge levels could be avoided, by increasing volume of top pond and lower expansion gallery. Of course the actual spare capacity of the top pond has to be taken into account i.e. should not be decreased. 4. Remarks on the orifice In general, providing an orifice at the bottom of the surge shaft has the following advantages: — reduction of surges and, therefore, volume of the surge shaft — increased dampening of the oscillations On the other hand a portion of the waterhammer is transmitted to the headrace tunnel due to the orifice effect, which may be considered as a disadvantage. As long as the dampening effect of the orifice on the oscillations is not absolutely required in view of overall operation stability, the orifice can be avoided by enlarg- ing the surge tank. Thus whether an orifice should be placed or not, is above all an economical question. If the cost comparison shows no significant difference, the orifice should be avoided because of his adverse effect in view of waterhammer. ‘Therefore, in the design report on the surge tank, the cost comparison between the alternatives “orifice” and "simple surge tank" should be worked out clearly. Elecrowatt Engineoring Services Ls Novernber 9, 1998 /40165/240 / SCA-BG4.DOC /OB