eS Sew a wwe & wey wa SS wa ee ee a asi oad © eT HERMODINAMICS Yost mean Aqpona velocity = Cems = [3s m™ Los molecule mos 5 in Kelvin Also, Prewune = C= 3 (1,8) Intensive =) Bodependente eo max of System = gi Tem. Cremona, density , Velocity , Specific Vals , Specific entraby , Apediie ethelyy Irringre Prchent, 4 Sysrem Extendve Depends on mos eV tne on Bchingc Soe, Se esa 1 Reereekys, Volume, tavdnolp Property 2 - Pont Jundion war ox Meak 2 Path Suncton ~ Shake function = Bourdory phenom — Andebendent oo pheno. A Port nistory, = Depends on park - Exadk differentia misery. — Wexak ilfenentiah Cook num Coacepk i= BF Sa val TW mean wee Pon Ss muh much lew -nen Pspreyn dmmGon, Meon Gree Porn: BW is tne aNeag® distance travelled bey ne molecute Veo] nse Aucemive collitont. - Them odanamnic squiioviam: Thamal , mechanical, Crore Omd Chemical squilbriam , > Quosistatic combpretsion oF sxgpmcion cho qea il be contidened ay resenddle | =} rok Se mogale 6 Kraer ete. wil be conedered OX ~cmwernable.’ e 2g ® Pave Suibstonce + Subsleanie dy acid 4e be pure Uf t+ ‘3, homegenous Chemical comboertion rouqnour, SYt- OL BNQ mixtuve > Warten 4+ wero Vapour . — ugle Aieohel swoon 1% Agectvebe s The wintare of Lauids vehich behave, a8 Pore Aubstomee [R500 Senda] *® Cibbls Phore rule + P+ F = G4 Q | =) Cond. Vols B Conch. Ve. Opa mtrmomeber. = Both ane Called Vagal Amenmomebtr os Odool gas Bw qe magendod comeiructtion . — Bom ona Mdsbendent 4 rmosenioQ 4 covstruchon, ~*~ _ Tem Penertore Acales + ie =) . - | ( ve ee eee FUL of Crewica | Coie Vand ee Sor Component ‘ # Zewoth dare + ho Trevmed _. g __Tranmel a ‘ . Sa a, r Tren VA is dune anog p Tammad—= | : ane ‘ | & Thawmometr —r> Resistance tnermo- . § = met or memicsen = Resance , Tharno Ly menmocougle => Voldegesemf | metic | F> Const. vol. gay Thame, > Cresune fropenty ‘ b> tonsh. Pe. Gps Trome, = Volume { ‘ / e ae Scate ey Hao Tribble Porat] Ho existjead Poin P= 0. 6 Kea Pa. Roan boa seey [T= ore ) T= 2aule § = FZ K = rdazase 4v_weewe ww wm eae <7)" a) Tribble eink of wonder, 2s QABNG > i) Bom one colibroded (qredtd) od fer [point \oo'e ~ “VT and theo point B Distance Hw tne points one Uvidss Tviv joo tanod parks --J—-+ tren trey ane mot Cyrorented to give Bowne VERA bpo goint @ calivration Alehe MAMY However wher will Rve ome ready ak point GuUbcorton. # Enengy = Microscopie ae ea pt nasa) me (Gulk motion) ——— ens\ole) PE (Gudk Position) Tembuotiane alodents : chemicod NK ie Nuch ge Ve Ye # ~metnods af smengu, svomghur, — Heat Iritcrackon — work .inttrachon _ prow = ntenackon A non \low werk oF SS SE Closed Augie work Sw = &.dv TBC 1m Closed Buptenn — Quark state (Reverable) 2 Mogrom arepreamns woo rk Um -tstadtion for w dosed Rygrem . * NOn- flow wos for vaniouy Piro cex \. COnstam& slume or Yoorhorla of Tromenic ° Swe RA zo2 Consiant Prevune eo Qavboric Process Swe Pav s we Seay > we PWo-‘) 3. Bsomemol Proce (Ve const. Recangu lor , NypenboUc counwe) D> Bsotmumeal procey com be. camued aubk on vma Alow proces — oF wnen Phage tram Cas Procen) D> Kova. veay fare | hbo : we Wi conduc — Vnsullote ue ee: TROL | > Avena umdlosed by Cycle on Rv ay work done, ¢ we 6 an) = c an) J TRE tH Closed 49. clog: =x, = are — Rweneble 4 AL AUa bate Pri ‘ : a f cera cere cers Qe) Tne electric oe Shah voor] ‘ We fay =RaN Pv Ss const. § (—\ ‘ 5. Poly srolpic brecem (QV ton) s We ON HUN ' n=) s s S $ ‘ S s agra Ss nek = Clock wise Crude > Work done ty Aye § — ombtclerk wise cae S Work done or Avge s CK wxishe Od Be moray Cone done Om YWeod ops (29). On, Na, Coa pe, Dav, ede.) i Sy warn vapowL Shoutd be concidend Weal de 1 => Aream Anoutd vat be Conridernd aa dead Jd Unley ment = Vapow Be Ageciol nome ven to Beacous Woven 44 Ga close to Condenstion , > Substance whi arth foo gq Aubsand9 5 cream vs Abeciak nome giv en + Sercous Jorm a only 9 woterL, qemanally ak Wigle Huarbrraune , > P= WET 3 Ove met > Rema , _ = > “e oe a7 molecular mors ~ Res Eme > Vmel gO = 32a, a -mo\ of 03 > _ > \ K-mol of Pas Ba Ka pees 13 > hone > => Const. Volume, ; % : Py Va ~ * Conch. Ov exe : vt ; oe 3 # lsotnmnmad Pvie BY . “Adiabatic a Sole ee ) ~ ; uN ) Th Va. . s Se Poly trot ey te oe , TT v : < a) ; xv ays Rylh Amend wok bE vac for cotedbadigy “wt Jor Ny > a Rroced, 5 * PN iagram ; Ree ¢ & yao ‘ x as : * ° Consk- Pr, | u 1 | iserrenmal | n Qolustrabic | esa YX _ losiabot'c | : 00 |cont.vol:e Qxm | specifye Q < dT Heo (cp,cv) Q> mCdT | Specific ned Temp. Temp: e Vien - monookomte men oedtomte RS] kg -k ( ot a Cp > Cone 5 (cond ( s a Cecent ( * VHrok dubbltea ok Const bremure ds smore anon Specypic ¢ Weak Applied ab con. volume be couune Ce wm cludoy bern Swen nal contre ‘ SA SE wet as boun Work, Gy Prcludos only Untennad MENA ~~ ° ‘ * Ffcst claus Gy Tmmmedynoamic, — Row of Concenvad orn a energy, 7 Toule’s clous { § SQ= § Su D> fora closed Cuctte Qencex: | - $@=de + Su > \sh Lay B\ Memedunamigs Ls Valid oni for closed Auten Lb \ndargoing Process On wel ay Cope. Ly Booty eum bie B \ereruinle Sino, | Formula Conditowy, ls Sw = Pdv - Closed Anytlen : = _Quenistedtc CRosnedioie) a. a oe = P&ra boat eeyy = Ronse me ay ey | Gdead Ip 7 Vu,= Closed Aytte wn = Closed Syphon wo SGe de +Sw SQ= dvx Sw DKS = QRE=o ©, - Sos dua edv = chsed Ayrton é a — DKE=e = OPE 7 — Quarviatic (Revers ble) 5 > De Consequences NS cleus af Tnermodynamics 3 = Neat Arans|er obo Porn Jeameti on > ] 6Q@-(u= ae 5 de & Property Ci ntemet Energy : = Enengy * OM isolated atom So conshanr 7 = emm-3 Bs Torposdble (mle mooring wine Esa) 2 #& Vaokm = 101.3as Kl = 1-0) 325 ben a 7 Vou = loo Rf a “ => Presune Bs mot Enrngu t+ only tells energy ee > unit Veiume Camangyy cencentvation’) a . Fw Heat trani{m vs various preceat 5 ; l. Cost volume . 4. Gnd. Cremure . SQ= dv + Paw SO@= du4 Pav \ GSO= dvs dev . Sazdu SO= Acvee) : Gaz dh du= MmGdT a WAS CG AT bse et eae Pmt mptien ideal gp, Ory OC eM, Veod gaa ary Rrocen 3. Isormermal Procen ‘ ee (to © anf ) = ¢&(S)4. Adtobotitc Proce S9= 0 5. Coryterpte Proven 86) = (Myon (Ss C pay) ; wv) (-\ > For ow fonsiank Prenune PTOCER NE marimuny Roun work Yor XR Bven amowk Heob— AB oblaimed when OPS ta wore chemi c en oto = |. ic). | \c < ce Y 1 WE 16% cy Monookowt { Bi oe = BR => Rolyyshrrare ! eb Menn's AQquahlon = Ce- Get Q@ : Cee & Bo Ge as ! to1 A Brory * 27 =) ™ (1-1) 7 A Free axtemston Sf do 4 $& dvu=o mmedtso D> Atco xy Tes Ty iy = 3G 5 Proceed Sa nat Uothemeal of Aewhenodune dacctoxts Oy beeen* Steady flow aa quarto & 1 KS [*9) wore Bard = eS 4 a3, Bey, Oe . S]kq [te muih pied by Io 77) \se lave ) ahenme yom Sor om open npiew working un dor Foren stake. * For Ydeod aps VE MNT 2 We MET * SFEE applied on Variow dice I. noggie: ~ Steady Yors a Wye She Mere - AMabolte (Yeo) o eS = Wey =e i, - OQ 4eeeq5 2 ¢, = Jace) a. Diuser + — Stes, Krow = AE so Were Wret _ Ardiabodte (Tea ) > = — Wey.=o 4 ~ cyezed, > Ga TRO-n) 3. Turbine: - Stendyy Rows - arenanene b Wey WM - Y= 4. Combeusor : - Sead, Ko —— : cS — AYE 20 - AtLze Wen, = Wy hy - Q=0B Wovens delice. -~ Steady So 8 — AKEzoe APE Wey a - = (edicts 3) =>-9 Seatmades ¢ Ney Arey meble OUnstend 3 ede. Analysed 5 Conservation %, mans & Ns —~ = Wee Wy at ey. . : 2. Contenvatten & Energy. GPs Ona P a gn)ed ~ ee HE gay, ARE ~o= age WY) = whi eG — Hrche - Wey de ew. ; > * Enrnay eooleys ous qrnde High qrade, “Ts veo work KE sable urenciilable Re 9 aemugy — % Corby.»¥ and alaw 8 Anenmo dynamics | 1 = Kelvin Planks Qa to Wwposcrble Av develob a cyclic deuice wich develops work vovile sex Chong MEN, with a ceing le TEAMVOIT, Igo am Sngine can MeuM howe looy o£ felency, a] 1x wed 3 PMM-D co impoudbhe = Claucus ; Br do Iwihoesble to develop cypic device vote cromifer womengy from dove ot Yemen, bo niqver em penasene” wiinowt a xrrenmad om tng Unpate « ibe , CoP of o device Mm newer PE Salinity, # Violation of Kelyin plank Metementd Lcads to Violatton 44. Glauwsuy Atatement ond vice-versa. Hence -anese two Sledement ant called panaldd uxratemert A} And clone BG rrommedymamtres : Oe 7k Cok = Ta yee i ay BAe Ou On : w al; vw 7 = QOL =] = Ge : We TT O. e : coe = _&a a 7 Ty O- Oe = ™ or) = ea ele L WoT * Connak Cycle : t-Q ds adiabokye Com preniony g Qa A 3 => Asotvrenmal Meat addi don 2 ve BN adlotakle Cx pansion WN => Bromneno® Weak vejechon, HAN Qrocem ane revert ble—— Cosnot Rincip\ ec Wk 3 < . . . yevnnble eecev oul © Fe ne nee” Uae tet Oe wk atoove A grindgles ane valid dry The mages werking ble Asme temp. mitt, QO, ing Rutd. * Yee imadeben dent a work 4 x Clowns Swequadiny 6 SQ 2 awadtte § §S= 0 =<6.0 7 T a lerwomble =) & {& S& so sg § => Wreneysr a device GB AKown Ax Chome@ne, Week Neca mort Ahan A weanviors 1h Can bea ase of ambinobion A, cycles, Hence claustoy Vanennotity Moutd be used, => Teo. Agpcaning wm Exbrestion ane temp: 4 roorking Glad = = a Ge = T Sar Ade BS AGW ay ONS veld VY — cyle ts wrevendble — Veok addon & sejechton one Go-thenmal. mA Ayd olow Epidenty (9...) for maine, Jor Reheiqenotoe] Heat Ramp _ ental Woche 1 a! Cor Jocrael Werrin he os Wwex. C7 (Gol) yen. Wore ‘Ireeweuitote ma ba wa ee wwe ea A A A A A A BAA AA BA SH) SD SH) OR OS ae ue nllA 2 Heal Enefnes der Seater a ie = > cruel afeiency 4 ee 3 _ : 1, urn wh | 2 BY, werk da Aame SW ew. a 3) nen Ta e TT Be BS dy OFM YL me ae TTy Te xz ENTROPY ooo SS wen. - hor a ~PRVUUIONE POEL, ¢s = - Jor a Iwrevesble \roceyy : (es — 8), = ds TT Aivees. aad = Entrsby oo a bre puty Poin \unerten B gkehe function Exact Ofrenda = Entry. oe (Bagn)) Se no Property, . = BR process Sa Ard Aw be Vatennally yevevnble u No wnirob enmation taka place duide the Arye during the process. - Envvoy generation represents daapetenien of Energy. # gor a cyte device 6 de a0 + Lier bo ~reverable f iveevenrble] & Enteo a can namge ic iv Ohoky a eee [extend interaction] & Entropy gqenvrarion internat imaenacttord] by. 3 mewsa * Fixed mass Entreby) Anelyss : so) A) Remmble [ Shane “| @) Brrevemd\e 36> (88) + Ege ds= (88) + Foc 1 Heat addition we oe le Weak adaito ep ds = on 7 | ds = (S = xe ' A Heok ejection 2. Hrot ejection hot Avs ant ass ss +S sen = we, ds = 1S = -ve T NS faenteabic 0 2. Acdiabodc. 3, Adtabartc i ° ay E sz ($&V=6 ages > ASS Ly isentrobic (+ sets gee Ne # Entropy 3 uri mes : tsolated oh = dv + fo du=e > Enng mMEMAMA Consion b. ds= SB +S = He => Entrspy FO T y . — J. autropy © universe Can \nerease ow TeMan tontiond bub can newer decreare, This called as AmCreord um wamircole grindple . we QP we talk abou} Ame amount Qnen hewn sorry, ornoctoted oo higher of LomenL em fenadune amg Mower ot Wg hor semberoue. _ mow Bb Ame HEN Griropy dy Wage a wah) jemb. “Yowur of howe mb. bee tola® nen w cl aioe : Ly q x Prrer undir cuswe on TS Moora mrepresemts Weak lnttnacting’ Jor a rerrnble proces. ’ aap hpAPADD DO OO EE EO ODGP.OD BOGEDd — Aveg wmelosed a. reumble cyle On TAS dieorany # > ~epoeserts cnet Wd transfer which Js Wwapal™ re > ne work Avon (er : : = AW Clockwise eucle = Power broducdag device > x, 7 ALY omAiclockwise eycle > Pown cons valerie Combined [helen £ Amd claws | && ae =, Se emery A vatxing wo compressible Avetau rusia) or two Andida se Ye MOT HAG AG FMS BSdunr = myc, kn) macgSo St) omemem b Geqec QO@ODANMAANDN HN 7 Gia) temp. t 2 = B BS)uw = Ame Ln any stems ae s or, W bedStey Dd W)ua = nme = Wun = nme 883) ‘ z Maximum obtainable work when two {vite bo ‘ adkowed Mw , : one ° wed to axel BANE. pee SUIT DLE ‘ Bn’ - (as), (ssh + QD. = 0; Lape mma. voor Trot} a a wc SHE) po $M WE) =o ' @> i i \e™M= | Aa Qo myemiem AB Grtac ; Real en Waar = ene (Am= Gm) bor HD LOMA) Wax, > ME Cam ~ gery Fe Revurmble werk am a Axcody {lows proce axsumnlphlors — |. Stead: Sevo MY. AnGeos APE a “(oar 2. reversibleWD % Gm a ge Hye Jor nan aataboke grec (Oye) ame 7 Wey Fo [Uap ewe. = (Q( faim ava) => Avcttawle Enmayy ex Extngy on Ave Lali try | Aratlable emengy 2a the maximum ach Work voliich. Gan foe obletined vn a Process um which Arygos adciny deed Moke . + Avodlable cemengy, & a fenton Cle Enengy a) Zupten ® Thoma SAY ak & Haale Aemporotore 8, v= Qn) Te Te Ag.2 MB) Ae, = @O- TR) fe.= OOH) Ape = RE, AE, @® Themed snenyyy witty @ eee man & Aclid ao Uaysd oe ens _ nd www v VVVUVbBEbUUEUGD LE gee wee | Bou RG) ® Neon- pores a Ag~ 4, ee (Qe¥2) TG - Jt max, Usepah work © Bey Bee A Mace KEBLE. ome toralyy Ownitoble meray here trey com be. divectty, added im the owoilable meng ) A WM Aeam Jable waeumce point ca tviyple pink ey & =o . ae % Considered . ” Py y Prenane temp draoiram x eee’ hoy a Coitcol point t Ce “3 Y ee Taye pow A 7 = ob of is Roscitte &agrams Cev tun s ; fy 2 is ty Stosgrom Sa P-T ven hose Crome Kegon & Aceon Omd aveple Point os a Pom ° ‘ ~ 0 altorwer diaqvoum pheue cron oma Aveple SMe DY Une — CA Atel Foe Gag je region os Pros Pott On OK degra,Cenmnal Suloctemce werer (Ho) SFL > Cagamd SSL lonkvadk LS contra Las D> cxgmd + 7 ~ BJ Suresame do Kegk below esipple forme Semmperedrce Presne futn ib wrvW Sve dy, towent Fo ago (rom aeclidl) on rest, P-v Haowroamn gRead Gases * yale lacor = 25 Va ompre D4 Vi 4+ Zeit > real ge veering, as Seal ges SF ZvVt dS Ves vy, > repubmen dominole 5 Dificedk te Compress od Compan Re Vhood « SS BKV DS VALU S alktactton dominate 3 came to cord os combontd te Theat gates Pee. Be Dilfenont Goyer berowes ditfenandly ck Aowme Fembperabens cmd Qreveane bul- ‘tan behaviour wb almerr Jome OF Jame Rediced Crewe & Reduced Sembordune | va +. Teor ken, Te. > fombrembi ita chank n = er Te =) Venda waalls oquaton (e+ 8) (@v— mb) =a (° 2)(0-8) = er for net Oz wi Ka 9s Flot, 65a (QRe Wenmo dena Relohowy — QWs Gumeion y Ge ore - Helmmontis Qanchion 3) Es u-teMarwelt's squakon ar + Pe (a2. Tas Vankiol aifenonbial Cquh ho Vds = Gay 4 “aye Be) |G Ge, Clapeyron equakon 4 Ae La. Q as= CoAT _ ares oe Mayer's Comulton Cen Ge = ance ie) wy K- ALS) ath Enea <=Qrobion dee cat + [rae (2), - Pde Toute thomton cera (a) dn= Gdt - Le), ¥ \dp Gl &7 Sy VY =e ber Meat yas ainvenion Conve 4 4 4 4 4 4 _4 4 4 aT Tea ayy 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 4 EMA Cha peyve eur LAL ye ae Bae ( ( Tnx ¥ wane hy ware ac 3 wares We 7 ny Tush oas ye