The orbiting electron

is a current loop. N
r
m

FigurE 41.10 An orbiting electron

generates a magnetic moment.

I
S
A current loop generates a magnetic moment
with north and south magnetic poles.
 FiGure 32.20 A current loop has magnetic poles and generates the same magnetic field
as a flat permanent magnet.
(a) Current loop (b) Permanent magnet

S N S N

Whether it’s a current loop or a permanent magnet,

the magnetic field emerges from the north pole.

FiGure 32.21 The magnetic dipole

moment of a circular current loop.
The magnetic dipole moment is perpendicular
to the loop, in the direction of the right-hand
rule. The magnitude of rm is AI.
r
m

I
Loop area A

For an electron, the spin

is opposite the magnetic
dipole moment.

B
S

μss

:
Figure 32-10 The spin S
, spin magnetic dipole
: :
moment m s, and magnetic dipole field B of
an electron represented as a microscopic
sphere.