Name: Miguel Adrian

Last name: Gutierrez Hurtado

Course: English
School: Howard Garder
Year:
 Among all the Yungas
peoples, it was the Colli or
Colleq, which stood out due
to their greater population
and their good economic
organization based on
agriculture that was more
developed than that of the other Yungas peoples, since their ecological location favored
greater production and of better quality. The Yungas formed an ethnic unity, that is,
they also had the same origin, possessed the same language and a common religion.
They coexisted together for economic interests but politically independent of each other.
The Colli had a strong presence in the Carabayllo area, but in the middle valley they had
to live with the other Yungas villages. Meanwhile, in the higher altitude areas, the Canta
and the Chaclla dominated.
 One of the first concerns was to design
the military strategy to deal with the Inca
troops. With this intention, he ordered
that the most qualified civil servants and
artisans take refuge inside the fortified
headquarters, with the purpose of
preserving the integrity of their inhabitants, which assured him an adequate
administrative management and a very good production of artisanal goods.

From an early age, the Colli established relations with the Chancay, who radiated their
cultural influence to the valleys of Chillón and Rímac, where specimens of ceramics
have been found with the characteristic bicolor and tricolor of Cahancay, especially in
the pre-Hispanic cemeteries of Ancón and in various cemeteries of the lower Chillón
valley.
 The builders of
the Colli culture
constructed The
Collique Fortress
,this is an
archaeological
zone located in
the district of
Comas, province
of Lima, department of Lima. It is located at km 16.5 of Av. Túpac Amaru next to the
Sergio Bernales National hospital. It is located on a hill. It was an administrative and
religious center of the manor colli. It is constructed several enclosures of rectangular
and circular plan, squares and walls by means of terrace system. The site is affected by
occupation and pollution. It can be distinguished by its characteristics in Administrative,
Storage, Elite Residence, Public-Ceremonial, Cemetery and Defensive areas as well as
viewpoint, square and walls. In addition to the Collique fortress, due to its importance,
the building known as Cerro Pro stands out, which served to maintain adequate control
of the lower part of the Carabayllo valley. They also built walls along the river and
epimural roads to cross the swampy area. It was built using a mixture of mud and beans.
These, it seems, were used to give the mud more consistency, although it is not ruled
out that it could have fulfilled a magical-religious function, as a way of thanking nature
for the fruits that the earth produced.
 The town formed a single social hierarchy, dedicated
to agriculture, commerce (barter) and fishing. Its
settlement pattern was linear, on the edge of the river
or the many roads that served to interconnect the
villages, the most important being the Camino Real,
(currently the road to Canta). Towards this hill Female
who stood out for its imposing height, strategic location, panoramic view of the ravines,
the valley, the Plains and the sea coast with its islands, the CULLI moved the sorcerers
and healers of their ethnic group creating a political administration of Theocratic type
and would have been directed by a priestess or by one of the women of the CIQUIC of
the CULLI.
 From the springs called LLANs
located on the right bank of the
river, the CULLI villagers drew
water to irrigate their farms
where they planted food plants
such as: corn, peanuts, beans,
pumpkin, squash and industrial
plants such as: cotton, totora ,
they extracted salty lime from
the marshes and a white hill,
varying their diet with fish and shrimp that fished in the river.But they also supplied
fish, shellfish, molluscs and sea lions accessing the beaches that gave the buttress
CHALLAN adjacent to their territorial domains on the right bank.
The most significant contribution of the Colli is related to the rational use of the
resources of the region, their sense of planning, the establishment of roads and, above
all, that of a whole hydraulic system, in order to take advantage of the maximum water
of the river and the puquiales. This system was so well designed that after conquering
their territories, the Incas did not modify in almost anything the lines and directions of
the ditches and bocatomas already existing in the valley, they only extended them with
the purpose of covering a greater agricultural area. This premise is reinforced by the
testimonies given by the first chroniclers who visited the Chillón Valley, as the
landowners who did not alter the existing hydraulic network and whose age goes back
until before the arrival of the Incas to the central coast. For the construction of the
ditches and bocatomas, the Colli employed advanced knowledge of geometry, soil
studies and, above all, the change of seasons both on the coast and in the mountains. But
building a ditch was not a simple job, because it was not only about building an
extensive hydraulic network that could often exceed 10 kilometers, but also properly
trace the direction of the ditches in order to give the respective inclination so that the
Waters run naturally. Additionally, it was necessary to distinguish the type of soil, since
a rocky soil is not the same as a clayey or sandy one. In each of the cases, clay-coated
floors, stone slabs or simply clay-beaten clay had to be used.