Unit 3.

- Industrial Controls
SCADA Systems
SCADA (supervisory control and data acquisition) is a system
operating with coded signals over communication channels so as to
provide control of remote equipment (using typically one
communication channel per remote station). The control system may
be combined with a data acquisition system by adding the use of coded
signals over communication channels to acquire information about the
status of the remote equipment for display or for recording functions.
A SCADA system usually consists of the following subsystems:

•  Remote Terminal Units (RTU)

•  Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)

•  A Human-Machine Interface (HMI)

•  Process and Analytical instrumentation

•  Historian Software

•  Supervisory Computer

•  Communication System
SCADA
SCADA
SCADA
SCADA
Distributed Control Systems (DCS)
DCSs use multi-tasking operating systems, so you can download and
run applications aside from the real-time control functions and still do
fractional-second control. DCSs now come in "micro" systems, to price-
compete with PLCs-but with full DCS features and capabilities.
DCS
The typical DCS has integrated diagnostics and standard display
templates that automatically extend/update when your database
changes. This database is central to the system-you don't have different
databases sitting in the controllers.

DCSs have user-

friendly configuration
tools, including
structured English,
control block
libraries, SFC
(sequential function
chart), and even RLL
(relay ladder logic).
DCS
Most DCSs allow
g r a p h i c a l
configuration, provide
online diagnostics,
and are self-
documenting. Most
provide for user-
defined control blocks
or customized
strategies. The
controllers execute
control strategies as
independent tasks;
thus, making changes
to part of the control
logic has no impact
on the rest.
DCS
DCSs allow
centralized
configuration from
the operator or
engineering
console in the
control room. You
can change
programming
offline, and
download without
restarting the
system for the
change to be
effective.
DCS
DCSs allow inter-controller communications. You can do data exchange
in most DCS systems ad hoc (no need for predefined data point lists).
You access data by tag name, regardless of hardware or location.
DCS
Most DCSs offer redundant controllers, networks, and I/Os. Most give
you "built-in" redundancy and diagnostic features, with no need for
user-written logic.
DCS