Tubular Products from Special Metals

For high-performance applications for oil and gas

wells, chemical processing, power generation, and
aerospace – you can depend on Special Metals
tubular products.
More than thirty alloy compositions are available
as seamless tubing, in a wide range of sizes and
finishes, for direct sale, or from appointed distrib-
utors with stocks in most of the industrialized
nations of the world.
A range of complementary product forms, such as
U-bent tubing, seam-welded pipe and tube, flanges
and fittings, and internally finned tubing can also
be supplied.

Seamless Pipe & Tubing

• As-extruded < 10 in (254 mm) OD
• Cold-worked 0.5 in (13 mm) OD tubing
through 8⁵₈ in (219 mm) OD pipe
• ID-finned tubing
• U-bent condenser tubing

Seam-Welded Pipe & Tubing

Available from specialist manufacturers of welded
tubulars, rolled and welded from high-performance
alloy plate, sheet and strip made by Special Metals.
Sizes range from small diameter hydraulic tubing
to large diameter pipe welded from hot-rolled plate.

Contents
4 The Alloy Range for Seamless Pipe and Tubing

6 Total Quality Tubing

8 Typically Specified Room Temperature

Mechanical Properties

14 Specialty Complementary Products

17 Forming of Tube and Pipe

Publication No. SMC-009 20 Welding and Fabrication

© Special Metals Corporation, 2001
22 Calculated Weights of Tubular Products
MONEL, INCONEL, INCOLOY
INCOCLAD, NIMONIC, NILO, INCO-WELD, 24 Weights and Pressure Ratings of Tubing
601GC, 686CPT, 725NDUR and 800HT
are trademarks of the and Casing for Oil and Gas Production
Special Metals Corporation
group of companies. 26 Standard Pipe Sizes and Service Pressure
2
 Production
Capability
COLD WORKED The charts provide an indication
Outside Diameter (mm)
of the combined capabilities of
the Special Metals mills in the
50 100 150 200 250 300
20
USA and Europe. This informa-
0.8
tion is presented for guidance
only. Sizes outside these ranges
may be available to special
0.6 15 inquiry. The size ranges charted
Wall Thickness (inches)

Wall Thickness (mm)

cannot be applied to all the tubu-
lar products. Alloy compositions
10
and processing characteristics,
0.4
for example, influence the sizes
that are available.

0.2 5

2 4 6 8 10 12
Outside Diameter (inches)

EXTRUDED
Outside Diameter (mm)
50 100 150 200 250 300

1.4 35

1.2 30
Wall Thickness (inches)

Wall Thickness (mm)

1.0 25

0.8 20

0.6 15

0.4 10

0.2 5

2 4 6 8 10 12
Outside Diameter (inches)

3
 The Alloy Range for
Seamless Pipe and Tubing
ALLOY UNS WERKSTOFF NR.
Nickel 200 N02200 2.4066
Nickel 201 N02201 2.4068
MONEL alloy 400 N04400 2.4360
INCONEL alloy 600 N06600 2.4816
INCONEL alloy 601 N06601 2.4851
INCONEL alloy 601GC – –
INCONEL alloy 617 N06617 2.4663
INCONEL alloy 625 N06625 2.4856
INCONEL alloy 686 N06686 2.4606
INCONEL alloy 690 N06690 2.4642
INCONEL alloy 693 – –
INCONEL alloy 725 N07725 –
INCONEL alloy C-276 N10276 2.4819
INCONEL alloy G-3 N06985 2.4619
INCONEL alloy 050 N06950 –
INCOLOY alloy 800 N08800 1.4876
INCOLOY alloy 800H N08810 1.4876 / 1.4958
INCOLOY alloy 800HT N08811 1.4876 / 1.4959
INCOLOY alloy 803 S35045 –
INCOLOY alloy 825 N08825 2.4858
INCOLOY alloy 890 – –
INCOLOY alloy 925 N09925 –
INCOLOY alloy 020 N08020 2.4660
INCOLOY alloy 028 N08028 1.4563
NIMONIC alloy 75 N06075 2.4951
Specifications
NIMONIC alloy 80A N07080 2.4952
The Special Metals seamless NIMONIC alloy 263 N07263 2.4650
tubular products meet the
NIMONIC alloy PE16 – –
requirements of the appropriate
NILO alloy 36 K93600 / K93601 1.3912
• ASTM • ASME • SAE AMS
NILO alloy 42 K94100 1.3917
• AECMA • British Standard
NILO alloy 48 K94800 1.3922, 1.3926, 1.3927
• DIN Specifications
NILO alloy K K96410 1.3981

4
5
 Total Quality Tubing
Special Metals seamless tubular products are
made to the highest quality standards in the
industry, and have been proven in some of the
most arduous service environments.
The general engineering alloys are air-melted and
AOD refined. Superalloy tubing is vacuum induc-
tion melted. Tubular products can be remelted
and refined by vacuum arc or electroslag processes.
Primary hot working operations for billets include
rolling, forging and extrusion, followed by cold
working, tube reducing (pilgering) or drawing,
according to the alloy, size and finish required
by the customer.
Strict quality controls are applied at every pro-
cessing stage, all described and published in
quality assurance procedures. The manufacturing
history of every product is fully traceable. Testing
facilities for the tubular products include ultrasonic,
hydrostatic, eddy current, and boroscope/
intrascope.
State-of-the-art production equipment is backed
up by computer-based inquiry and order process-
ing systems. Commercial and technical specialists
track every order through every processing
operation. Up-to-the-minute information on order
status is available from the computer systems.
Technical assistance on alloy evalution and selec-
tion for specific applications is available from
Special Metals, the world’s most experienced
producer of high-performance nickel-base alloys.
Computer-controlled forging

Tube straightening

6 Air melting and AOD refining

 Electroslag remelting

Pickling

Ultrasonic testing Tube reducing

(pilgering)

Computer-controlled extrusion Trepanned billets 7

 Typically Specified Room Temperature
Mechanical Properties
SPECIFICATION TENSILE STRENGTH
ALLOY
Number Temper Size ksi MPa
(outside diameter)

Nickel 200 ASTM B 163 annealed ≤3 in (76 mm) 55 380

stress-relieved ≤3 in (76 mm) 65 450

ASTM B 161 annealed ≤5 in (127 mm) 55 380

>5 in (127 mm) 55 380

stress-relieved all sizes 65 450

Nickel 201 ASTM B 163 annealed ≤3 in (76 mm) 50 345

stress-relieved ≤3 in (76 mm) 60 414

ASTM B 161 annealed ≤5 in (127 mm) 50 345
>5 in (127 mm) 50 345

stress-relieved all sizes 60 415

MONEL alloy 400 ASTM B 163 annealed ≤3 in (76 mm) 70 480

stress-relieved ≤3 in (76 mm) 85 585

ASTM B 165 annealed ≤5 in (127 mm) 70 480

>5 in (127 mm) 70 480

stress-relieved all sizes 85 585

INCONEL alloy 600 ASTM B 163 annealed ≤3 in (76 mm) 80 550

ASTM B 167 hot-worked or ≤5 in (127 mm) 80 550

hot-worked & annealed >5 in (127 mm) 75 515

cold-worked & annealed ≤5 in (127 mm) 80 550

>5 in (127 mm) 80 550
INCONEL alloy 601 ASTM B 163 annealed ≤3 in (76 mm) 80 550

ASTM B 167 cold-worked & annealed or all sizes 80 550

hot-worked & annealed

INCONEL alloy 601GC No Specification annealed all sizes 80 550

INCONEL alloy 617 ASTM B 167 cold-worked & annealed or all sizes 95 655
hot-worked & annealed

INCONEL alloy 625 ASTM B 444 annealed (Grade 1) >0.5 in (13 mm) 120 827

solution-annealed >0.5 in (13 mm) 100 690

(Grade 2)

8
0.2% YIELD STRENGTH ELONGATION
ROCKWELL
MPa HARDNESS
ksi %

15 105 40

40 275 15 B65 max

15 105 35
12 80 40

40 275 15

12 80 40

30 205 15 B62 max

12 80 35
10 70 40

30 205 15

28 195 35

55 380 15 B75 max

28 195 35
25 170 35

55 380 15

35 240 30

30 205 35
25 170 35

35 240 30
30 205 35

30 205 30

30 205 30

30 205 30

35 240 30

60 414 30

40 275 30

9
 Typically Specified Room Temperature
Mechanical Properties (continued)
SPECIFICATION TENSILE STRENGTH
ALLOY
Number Temper Size ksi MPa
(outside diameter)

INCONEL alloy 686 ASTM B 622 solution-annealed 0.5 – 3 ¹⁄₂ in 100 690
(13 – 89 mm)

INCONEL alloy 690 ASTM B 163 annealed ≤3 in (76 mm) 85 585

ASTM B 167 hot-worked or ≤5 in (127 mm) 85 585

hot-worked & annealed >5 in (127 mm) 75 515

cold-worked & annealed ≤5 in (127 mm) 85 585

>5 in (127 mm) 85 585

INCONEL alloy 693 ASTM B 167 annealed all sizes 80 550

(Pending)

INCONEL alloy 725 ASME Code solution-annealed all sizes 150 1034
Case 2217 and aged

OCTG* solution-annealed 2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in 150 1034

and aged (60 – 178 mm)

INCONEL alloy C-276 ASTM B 622 solution-annealed 0.5 – 3 ¹⁄₂ in 100 690
(13 – 89 mm)

OCTG* as-drawn 2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in 130 896

(60 – 178 mm)

INCONEL alloy G-3 ASTM B 622 solution-annealed 0.5 – 3 ¹⁄₂ in 90 621

(13 – 89 mm)

OCTG* as-drawn 2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in 130 896

(60 – 178 mm)

INCONEL alloy 050 OCTG* as-drawn 2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in 130 896

(60 – 178 mm)

INCOLOY alloy 800 ASTM B 163 annealed ≤3 in (76 mm) 75 520

ASTM B 407 cold-worked & annealed 0.5 – 6 ⁵⁄₈ in 75 520

(13 – 168 mm)

hot-finished annealed 2 ¹⁄₂ – 9 ¹⁄₄ in 65 450

or hot-finished (64 – 235 mm)

INCOLOY alloy 800H ASTM B 163 annealed ≤3 in (76 mm) 65 450

ASTM B 407 hot-finished & annealed 0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in 65 450

or cold-worked & annealed (13 – 235 mm)

INCOLOY alloy 800HT ASTM B 163 annealed ≤3 in (76 mm) 65 450

ASTM B 407 hot-finished annealed 0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in 65 450

or cold-worked & annealed (12.7 – 235 mm)
*OCTG refers to “Oil County Tubular Goods” the properties of which can be developed with individual customers to match specific order requirements.
10
0.2% YIELD STRENGTH ELONGATION
ROCKWELL
MPa HARDNESS
ksi %

45 310 45

35 240 30

30 205 35
25 170 35

35 240 30
30 205 35

35 240 30

120 827 20

120 * 827 20 C 40 max

41 283 40

125 * 862 13 C 45 max

35 240 40

125 * 862 13 C 39 max

125 * 862 13 C 38 max

30 205 30

30 205 30

25 170 30

25 170 30

25 170 30

25 170 30

25 170 30

11
 Typically Specified Room Temperature
Mechanical Properties (continued)
SPECIFICATION TENSILE STRENGTH
ALLOY
Number Temper Size ksi MPa
(outside diameter)

INCOLOY alloy 803 ASME Section VIII annealed 0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in 70 480
Division I, (13 – 235 mm)
Code Case Pending

ASTM A 269 annealed 0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in 70 480

& A 312 (13 – 235 mm)
INCOLOY alloy 825 ASTM B 163 annealed ≤3 in (76 mm) 85 585

OCTG* as-drawn 2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in 130 896

(60 – 178 mm)

ASTM B 423 hot-finished & annealed 0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in 75 520

(13 – 235 mm)

cold-worked & annealed 0.5 – 8 ⁵⁄₈ in 85 586

(13 – 219 mm)

INCOLOY alloy 890 ASTM B 407 hot-finished & annealed or 0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in 75 520
(Pending) cold-worked & annealed (13 – 235 mm)

INCOLOY alloy 925 ASME Code solution-annealed 0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in 140 965
Case 2218 and aged (13 – 235 mm)

OCTG* solution-annealed 2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in 130 896

and aged (60 – 178 mm)

INCOLOY alloy 020 ASTM B 729 annealed 0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in 80 550

(13 – 235 mm)

INCOLOY alloy 028 ASTM B 668 solution-annealed 0.5 – 9 ¹⁄₄ in 73 500

(13 – 235 mm)

OCTG* as-drawn 2 ³⁄₈ – 7 in 130 896

(60 – 178 mm)
*OCTG refers to “Oil County Tubular Goods” the properties of which can be developed with individual customers to match specific order requirements.

12
0.2% YIELD STRENGTH ELONGATION
ROCKWELL
MPa HARDNESS
ksi %

25 170 35

25 170 35 B 100 max

35 240 30

110 * 758 16 C 35 max

25 170 30

35 241 30

30 205 35

105 724 18

110 * 724 18 C 38 max

35 240 30

31 214 40

110 * 758 15 C 33 max

13
 Specialty Complementary Products
Special Metals makes seamless pipe and tubing at
its main production facilities in the USA and in
the UK. For some applications, like U-bent or ID
finned tubing, or co-extruded combinations of
alloys, it adds an “engineered” element to the
final product form.
As part of its customer service it provides links
to specialist manufacturers such as the producers
of seam-welded tubing made from plate, sheet
or strip; suppliers of bends, elbows, joints and
fittings; and redrawers of fine precision tubing.
For some applications, package bids include
seamless tubulars along with related specialty
items.

Pipes and fittings for a nuclear

power plant rolled and welded
from INCOLOY alloy 25-6MO plate.

Age-hardened, high strength, corrosion-

resistant INCOLOY alloy 925 tubing
has been made at 8.5 in (216 mm) OD,
0.75 in (19 mm) wall, in lengths up
to 30 ft (9.14 m). With a yield strength
of 110 ksi (758 MPa), this product is of
value for oil-well completion equipment.
14
ID finned, cold finished tubing in
INCOLOY alloy 803 developed for
pyrolysis tubing in high-severity
ethylene furnaces.

Packaging U-bent heat-exchanger

tubing in MONEL alloy 400.

Samples of precision tubing in oxide dispersion

strengthened INCOLOY alloy MA956. Sizes range
from 5 mm (0.2 in) OD x 0.5 mm (0.02 in) wall to
13 mm (0.5 in) OD x 1 mm (0.04 in) wall.
15
 Specialty Complementary Products (continued)

A section through an INCOCLAD 671/800HT

co-extruded tube for superheater and reheater
tubing in power utilities. It offers the resist-
ance to metal wastage corrosion of INCONEL
alloy 671 as the outside cladding, combined Seam-welded pipe and tubing, rolled
with the high-temperature strength and corro- and welded from heat- and corrosion-
sion-resistance of the INCOLOY alloy 800HT resistant alloy plate, sheet and strip, is
substrate. available from specialist manufacturers.

This specialty product from Seam-welded pipe in MONEL alloy 400

Special Metals in the UK for a fertilizer processing plant
is small diameter nickel- in the Middle East – up to
chromium alloy seamless 30 in (760 mm) OD, welded from
tubing for thermocouple 19.6 ft (6 m) long alloy plate.
sheathing.

U-bent tubing in the

latest high-performance
corrosion-resistant alloy
(INCONEL alloy 686),
drawn down to 1.1 in
(26.7 mm) OD x 0.1 in
(2.8 mm) wall, with
bend radii of 2 to 6.5 in
(50 to 165 mm). Bend, elbows and fittings in heat- and
corrosion-resistant alloys are available
from specialist manufacturers.

16
Forming of Tube and Pipe
All common forming operations such as bending, Bending with Mandrels or Fillers
coiling and expanding can readily be performed Thin-wall tubing may be bent to small radii without
on tube and pipe made by Special Metals. In gen- wrinkling by use of a mandrel or filler. Thin-wall tubing
eral, material in the annealed condition is recom- in high nickel alloys may be mandrel-bent through
mended. MONEL alloy 400, Nickel 200 and Nickel 180 degrees to a minimum radius of 2D.
201 can be formed in the stress-relieved temper.
However, the amount of deformation will be limit- To minimize galling of the inside surface of the tube,
ed by the higher tensile strength and lower ductil- mandrels should be made of hard alloy bronze rather
ity. In bending, the minimum radius to which than steel. Steel mandrels may be used but should be
stress-relieved tubing can be bent is 25 - 50% chromium plated to reduce galling.
greater than for annealed tubing of the same size. Mandrels must be lubricated before use. Lubricants of
extreme-pressure, chlorinated oil are best for severe
Bending and Coiling bending. For less severe bending or for ease of removal,
water-soluble lubricants are used.
Standard methods of bending include ram or
press bending, roll bending, stationary-die bend- Any of the standard filler materials such as sand, resin,
ing, and rotating-die bending. Tubing and pipe of and low-melting-point alloys may be used. Sand is
the MONEL, INCONEL and INCOLOY alloys are the least desirable because it is difficult to pack tightly
readily bent by any of these procedures. and can lead to the formation of wrinkles or kinks
during bending.
An important precaution to observe in all bending
is to allow maximum radii to ensure that applied Low-melting-alloy fillers produce the best bends. Their
stresses are as evenly distributed as possible. expansion characteristics ensure that voids are elimi-
The minimum radii to which nickel alloy tubing nated and a sound center is created. Alloy fillers are
can be bent by various methods are given in the removed by heating the bent tube in steam or hot
table on this page which should be used as a guide water. Metallic fillers must not be removed by direct
to general limitations. Depending on equipment torch heating since they contain elements such as
design, tube size and quality of the finished bend, lead, tin, and bismuth which will embrittle the high-
it is possible to bend to smaller radii than those nickel alloys at elevated temperatures. It is imperative
listed. However, when smaller radii are necessary, that all traces of metallic fillers are removed before
trial bends should be made to determine if the fabrication and service.
desired bend is possible.
Maximum
Bending without Mandrels or Fillers Method of Minimum Mean Included
In bending with no internal support, the dies Bending Bend Radius Angle of Bend
should be slightly smaller than those used with (degrees)
a mandrel or filler. Bending without use of a man- Press Bending 6 x OD 120
drel or filler is suitable only for tube and pipe that Unfilled Tube
have a wall thickness greater than 7% of the out-
side diameter, or for bends of large radii. Nickel Roll Bending 4 x OD 360
alloy tube in sizes within the above ratio can be Filled Tube
bent with no mandrel or filler to a minimum Stationary Die, 2 ¹₂ x OD 180
mean radius three times the outside diameter Unfilled Tube
of the tube (3D) through 180 degrees.
Stationary Die,
Filled Tube or 2 x OD 180
Using Mandrel

Rotating Die,
3 x OD 180
Unfilled Tube

Rotating Die,
Filled Tube or 2 x OD 180
Using Mandrel

17
 Forming of Tube and Pipe
Press Bending
Press or ram bending, in which the tube is held
by two supporting dies and a force is applied
between the dies (see Figure 1), is normally used
only for heavy-wall tubing where some flattening
is tolerable. This method does not provide close
tolerances and is applicable only to large radius
bends. The bend is limited to 120 degrees, and
the radius of the bend should not be less than
six times the outside diameter of the tube. A filler
material should be used if bends of radii less
than 6 x OD are to be made.
Pressure blocks used in press bending should be
at least twice the outside diameter of the tube in
length. Press bending with wing dies is used for
unfilled, thin-wall, large-diameter tube.
Annealed tubing is not always preferred for press
bending. Annealed tubing of low base hardness
does not have sufficient stiffness to withstand
deformation without excessive flattening.
Consequently, nickel and the MONEL nickel-
copper alloys are usually press bent in the stress-
relieved temper. The chromium-containing
INCOLOY and INCONEL alloys have higher
mechanical properties in the annealed condition
than nickel and the nickel-copper alloys and
should be press-bent in the annealed temper.
Ideally, the choice of temper for a specific bend
is determined by several trial bends.
Support Post
Tube
Way Ram
Tube
Pressure Block
Figure 1 – Equipment for Figure 2 – Roll bending. The bend radius
press bending
Rotating
Bending Die
Stationary
Wiper Block
Clamp
Figure 4 – Rotating-die bending with stationary wiper block
18
(continued)
Roll Bending
Roll bending (Figure 2) is the principal method
of producing helical coils, spirals, and circular
configurations since an included angle of 360
degrees can be obtained. Bending may be done
on either unfilled or filled tube. The minimum
bend radius for unfilled tube is approximately
six times the outside diameter of the tube.
Stationary-die Bending
Stationary-die bending (Figure 3) utilizes a sta-
tionary bending die and a movable pressure die.
This method is not suitable for thin-wall tubing
and is generally used with no mandrel support.
Stationary-die bending can produce bend radii
down to 2¹₂ x OD but is normally used only for
large-radius bends. The maximum included
angle that can be produced is 180 degrees.
Rotating-die Bending
Rotating-die bending is the most common bend-
ing process and is the preferred method for
bending nickel alloy tube. The process is similar
to stationary-die bending except that the bending
die revolves and the wiper block remains stationary.
Rotating-die bending machines may have either
a fixed wiper block (Figure 4) or a sliding wiper
block (Figure 5). The sliding wiper block is pre-
ferred because it distributes the applied stresses
more evenly.
Rotating
Bending Die
Tube
Power-Driven
Rolls
Movable
Pressure Die
Clamp
Figure 3 – Stationary-die bending
is controlled by raising or
lowering the top roll
Rotating
Bending Die
Tube Tube
Sliding Wiper
Block
Clamp
Figure 5 – Rotating-die bending with sliding wiper block
Tubing can be bent as much as 180 degrees with
a minimum radius of 2 x OD by rotary bending.
Although bending can be done without a mandrel,
a mandrel is generally preferred and must be used
when the ratio of tube diameter to wall thickness
is above the limit suitable for bending without
wrinkling or collapsing of the tube. Various types
of mandrel are used including ball and straight-
plug types.
Expanding Heat-exchanger Tube
Tubing of the MONEL, INCONEL and INCOLOY
alloys can be expanded into tube sheets by any
conventional method. Some design factors which
must be taken into consideration in expanding or
rolling tubing include thickness of the tube sheet,
wall thickness of the tube, tube spacing or liga-
ment between tube-sheet holes, rolling practice,
clearance between tube and hole, and the relative
hardnesses of the tubes and tube sheets. If an
unfamiliar design is being used, trial tests should
be performed to determine if difficulties may be
encountered in expanding.
The oversize allowance on tube-sheet holes to the
nominal outside diameter of the tube should be
kept to a minimum. The tube-sheet hole should
be 0.004 to 0.008 in (0.10 to 0.20 mm) larger
than the nominal outside diameter of the tube
for tubing less than 1¹₂ in (38 mm) OD. For larger
tubing the oversize-allowance should be 0.009 to
0.010 in (0.23 to 0.25 mm).
Procedure
Expanding may be done by drifting with sectional
expanders or, preferably, by rolling with three-
roll expanders. The ends of rolled-in tubing are
flared in the conventional manner.
The tube-sheet hole and both the outside and
inside surfaces of the tube must be free of all
matter such as oxide, dirt and oil. The ends of
the tube should also be deburred before rolling.
Lubrication should be provided between the
rollers of the tool and the inside surface of the
tube. Any sulfur-free mineral oil or lard oil, either
diluted or straight, may be used. Lubricants that
contain embrittling or contaminating elements
such as sulfur or lead should be avoided because
of the difficulty of cleaning the finished assembly.
Controlled rolling equipment should be used to
prevent over-expanding the tubes. Over-expand-
ing may distort the tube sheet and plastically
deform the tube-sheet ligaments, causing loose-
fitting tubes. This is particularly true when the
tube has a higher hardness than the tube sheet
or a significantly higher work-hardening rate.
Material Temper
The tube sheet should be harder than the tube
being rolled into it, otherwise springback in the
tube may be greater than in the tube sheet, causing
a gap between the two when the expanding tool is
removed. For that reason, tube sheets are usually
supplied in the as-rolled or as-forged temper and
tube in the annealed temper. It is particularly
important for the tube sheet to be harder than
the tube when the sheet is thinner than the out-
side diameter of the tube or when the tubes are
closely spaced. Tubes are closely spaced when
the tube-sheet ligament is less than the greater
of 25% of the outside diameter or ¹₄ in (6 mm).
Stress-relieved tubing may be slightly harder
than the tube sheet but can be expanded to form
a satisfactory connection if greater care is exer-
cised in expanding. For greater assurance of pres-
sure tightness, a seal weld may be placed around
the end of the tube after expanding. The stress-
relieved temper is suitable for either welding
or silver brazing.
If rolling of stress-relieved tube appears to be a
marginal operation, the problem can often be
remedied by using annealed tube or stress-
relieved tube with the ends annealed. Stress-
relieved, end-annealed tubing combines the
strength advantage of stress-relieved material
with the ease of fabrication of annealed material.
Tubing in the annealed condition is used when
optimum rolling or expanding characteristics are
desired or when severe cold-bending and flaring
are to be done.
Miscellaneous Forming Operations
Flanging, bulging, swaging, and other expanding
or reducing operations can be readily performed
on tube and pipe of the high-nickel alloys. Many
such operations are variations of those discussed
in this section, and comments made on specific
operations will also apply to the variations.
Extremely severe or complex forming operations
may require that the material be given one or
more intermediate anneals to prevent rupturing
from excessive cold work.
19
 Welding and Fabrication
For many applications, the corrosion- and
heat-resistant tubular products have to be
fabricated and welded. The MONEL, INCONEL
and INCOLOY alloy products are amenable
to these processes. Full details on processes
and techniques can be obtained from our website,
www.specialmetals.com, or from any of our
offices listed on the back of this publication.
Matched composition welding electrodes and
filler metals are available for many of the tubular
products. The main examples are listed below.
Where a choice is indicated, the selection should
be made to suit the welding process and/or the
service conditions. Advice on the optimum
selection is available.

ALLOY WELDING ELECTRODE FILLER METAL

Nickel 200 & 201 Nickel 141 Nickel 61

MONEL alloy 400 MONEL 190 MONEL 60
INCONEL 112 INCONEL 625
INCONEL alloy 600 INCONEL 117 INCONEL 62
INCONEL 132 INCONEL 82
INCONEL 182 INCONEL 617
INCO-WELD A
INCO-WELD B
INCONEL alloy 601 INCONEL 117 INCONEL 82
INCONEL 182 INCONEL 601
INCO-WELD A INCONEL 617
INCONEL alloy 601GC INCONEL 117 INCONEL 82
INCO-WELD A INCONEL 601
INCONEL 617
20
 ALLOY WELDING ELECTRODE FILLER METAL
INCONEL alloy 617 INCONEL 117 INCONEL 617
INCONEL alloy 625 INCONEL 112 INCONEL 622
INCONEL 122 INCONEL 625
INCO-WELD 686CPT INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCONEL alloy 686 INCO-WELD 686CPT INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCONEL alloy 690 INCONEL 152 INCONEL 52
INCONEL 72
INCONEL alloy 693 Consult SMC
Welding Products Co.
INCONEL alloy 725 INCO-WELD 725NDUR
INCONEL alloy C-276 INCONEL C-276 INCONEL C-276
INCO-WELD 686CPT INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCONEL alloy G-3 INCONEL 112 INCONEL 622
INCO-WELD 686CPT INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCONEL alloy 050 INCONEL 112 INCONEL 622
INCO-WELD 686CPT INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCOLOY alloys 800, INCO-WELD A INCONEL 82
800H & 800HT INCONEL 117 INCONEL 617
INCOLOY alloy 803 INCONEL 117 s INCONEL 617 s
INCONEL 152 c INCONEL 52 c
INCOLOY alloy 825 INCONEL 112 INCONEL 625
INCO-WELD 686CPT INCO-WELD 686CPT
INCOLOY alloy 890 INCONEL 117 s INCONEL 617s
INCONEL 152 c INCONEL 52 c
INCOLOY alloy 925 INCO-WELD 725NDUR
INCOLOY alloy 020 INCONEL 112 INCONEL 625
INCOLOY alloy 028 INCONEL 112 INCONEL 625
INCO-WELD 686CPT INCO-WELD 686CPT
NIMONIC alloy 75 INCO-WELD A NC 80/20
INCONEL 117 INCONEL 82
INCONEL 617
NIMONIC alloy 80A
NIMONIC alloy 263 NIMONIC 263
NIMONIC alloy PE 16 INCO-WELD 725NDUR
NILO alloys Nickel 141 Nickel 61
36, 42 & 48 INCO-WELD A INCONEL 82
NILO CF36
NILO CF42
NILO alloy K NILO CF36
NILO CF42
c For corrosion limited applications
s For strength limited applications 21
 Calculated Weights of Tubular Products
The table on page 23 shows calculated weights for
cold-worked and extruded tubing and ASA
Schedule pipe, in lb/ft and kg/m. Note that, in
practice, small differences can occur due to varia-
tions in dimensions within permitted tolerances.
Calculated Weights
To determine the weight in pounds per linear foot
or kilograms per linear meter of seamless tube or
pipe, use the calculations on page 23.

• When the O.D. is given, subtract the

wall thickness from the O.D., multiply
by the wall thickness, then multiply
by the factors on page 23.

• When the I.D. is given, add the wall

thickness to the I.D., multiply by the
wall thickness, then multiply by the
factors on page 23.

22
 Example 1
ALLOY FACTOR (FOR LB/FT) FACTOR (FOR KG/M)
To find the foot weight of a
Nickel 200 12.101 0.02792 7 in O.D. x 0.362 inch average wall tube
Nickel 201 12.101 0.02792 in INCOLOY alloy 825:
MONEL alloy 400 11.988 0.02765 7.000 O.D.
INCONEL alloy 600 11.536 0.02661 – 0.362 wall
6.638 x 0.362 x 11.084 = 26.634 lb/ft
INCONEL alloy 601 11.046 0.02548
INCONEL alloy 601GC 11.046 0.02548
Example 2
INCONEL alloy 617 11.385 0.02626
To find the meter weight of a
INCONEL alloy 625 11.498 0.02652
180 mm O.D. x 9 mm average wall tube
INCONEL alloy 686 11.875 0.02739 in INCOLOY alloy 825:
INCONEL alloy 690 11.159 0.02573
180.0 O.D.
INCONEL alloy 693 10.556 0.02435 – 9.0 wall
INCONEL alloy 725 11.310 0.02608 171.0 x 9.0 x 0.02557 = 39.35 kg/m
INCONEL alloy C-276 12.101 0.02793
INCONEL alloy G-3 11.084 0.02557
INCONEL alloy 050 11.4372 0.02638
INCOLOY alloy 800 10.820 0.02494
INCOLOY alloy 800H 10.820 0.02494
INCOLOY alloy 800HT 10.820 0.02494
INCOLOY alloy 803 10.707 0.02469
INCOLOY alloy 825 11.084 0.02557
INCOLOY alloy 890 10.820 0.02494
INCOLOY alloy 925 10.970 0.02538
INCOLOY alloy 020 10.970 0.02529
INCOLOY alloy 028 10.9476 0.02525
NIMONIC alloy 75 11.385 0.02630
NIMONIC alloy 80A 11.159 0.02573
NIMONIC alloy 263 11.385 0.02626
NIMONIC alloy PE16 10.933 0.02520
NILO alloy 36 11.046 0.02548
NILO alloy 42 11.046 0.02548
NILO alloy 48 11.046 0.02548
NILO alloy K 11.121 0.02564

23
 Weights and Pressure Ratings
of Tubing and Casing for Oil and Gas Production
NOMINAL WEIGHT, CALCULATED PLAIN-END WEIGHT
OUTSIDE WALL THREADS AND INCOLOY alloy 825, INCONEL
DIAMETER THICKNESS COUPLING INCONEL alloy G-3 alloy C-276
in mm in mm lb/ft kg/m lb/ft kg/m lb/ft kg/m
2³₈ 60.3 0.190 4.83 4.60 6.85 4.60 6.85 5.02 7.47
0.254 6.45 5.80 8.63 5.97 8.88 6.52 9.70
0.336 8.53 7.70 11.46 7.59 11.30 8.29 12.34
2⁷₈ 73.0 0.217 5.51 6.40 9.52 6.38 9.49 6.97 10.37
0.276 7.01 7.80 11.61 7.95 11.83 8.68 12.92
0.308 7.82 8.60 12.80 8.76 13.04 9.56 14.23
0.340 8.64 9.50 14.14 9.54 14.20 10.42 15.51
0.440 11.18 11.65 17.34 11.87 17.66 12.96 19.29
3¹₂ 88.9 0.254 6.45 9.20 13.69 9.13 13.59 9.97 14.84
0.289 7.34 10.20 15.18 10.27 15.28 11.22 16.70
0.375 9.52 12.70 18.90 12.98 19.32 14.17 21.09
0.476 12.09 15.80 23.51 15.95 23.74 17.41 25.91
4 101.6 0.262 6.65 11.00 16.37 10.85 16.15 11.85 17.63
0.330 8.38 13.40 19.94 13.42 19.97 14.65 21.80
0.415 10.54 15.89 23.65 16.49 24.54 18.01 26.80
0.500 12.70 19.00 28.28 19.40 28.87 21.18 31.52
4¹₂ 114.3 0.271 6.88 12.60 18.75 12.70 18.90 13.87 20.64
0.290 7.37 13.50 20.09 13.52 20.12 14.76 21.97
0.337 8.56 15.50 23.07 15.54 23.13 16.97 25.25
0.430 10.92 19.20 28.57 19.40 28.87 21.18 31.52
0.500 12.70 21.60 32.14 22.17 32.99 24.20 36.01
0.560 14.22 24.60 36.61 24.45 36.39 26.70 39.73
5 127.0 0.253 6.43 13.00 19.35 13.31 19.81 14.53 21.62
0.296 7.52 15.00 22.32 15.43 22.96 16.85 25.08
0.362 9.19 18.00 26.79 18.61 27.69 20.32 30.24
0.422 10.72 20.80 30.95 21.41 31.86 23.38 34.79
0.478 12.14 23.20 34.53 23.96 35.66 26.16 38.93
0.500 12.70 24.10 35.86 24.94 37.11 27.23 40.52
0.560 14.22 27.00 40.18 27.55 41.00 30.08 44.76
5¹₂ 139.7 0.275 6.98 15.50 23.07 15.92 23.69 17.38 25.86
0.304 7.72 17.00 25.30 17.50 26.04 19.11 28.44
0.361 9.17 20.00 29.76 20.56 30.60 22.45 33.41
0.415 10.54 23.00 34.23 23.39 34.81 25.53 37.99
6⁵₈ 168.3 0.288 7.32 20.00 29.76 20.23 30.11 22.09 32.87
0.352 8.94 24.00 35.72 24.47 36.42 26.72 39.76
0.417 10.59 28.00 41.67 28.70 42.71 31.33 46.62
0.475 12.06 32.00 47.62 32.39 48.20 35.36 52.62
7 177.8 0.272 6.91 20.00 29.76 20.28 30.18 22.15 32.96
0.317 8.05 23.00 34.23 23.49 34.96 25.64 38.16
0.362 9.19 26.00 38.69 26.63 39.63 29.08 43.28
0.408 10.36 29.00 43.16 29.81 44.36 32.55 48.44
0.453 11.51 32.00 47.62 32.87 48.92 35.89 53.41
0.498 12.65 35.00 52.09 35.89 53.41 39.18 58.31
0.540 13.72 38.00 56.55 38.66 57.53 42.21 62.82
24
YIELD STRENGTH: 110,000 psi (758 MPa) YIELD STRENGTH: 125,000 psi (862 MPa) YIELD STRENGTH: 130,000 psi (896 MPa)
COLLAPSE INTERNAL YIELD COLLAPSE INTERNAL YIELD COLLAPSE INTERNAL YIELD
PRESSURE PRESSURE PRESSURE PRESSURE PRESSURE PRESSURE
1000 psi MPa 1000 psi MPa 1000 psi MPa 1000 psi MPa 1000 psi MPa 1000 psi MPa
16.13 111.2 15.40 106.2 17.90 123.4 17.50 120.7 18.47 127.4 18.20 125.5
21.01 144.9 20.59 142.0 23.88 164.7 23.39 161.3 24.83 171.2 24.33 167.8
26.72 184.2 27.23 187.7 30.36 209.3 30.95 213.4 31.58 217.7 32.19 222.0
14.55 100.3 14.53 100.2 16.07 110.8 16.51 113.8 16.56 114.2 17.17 118.4
19.09 131.6 18.48 127.4 21.70 149.6 21.00 144.8 22.56 155.6 21.84 150.6
21.04 145.1 20.62 142.2 23.91 164.9 23.43 161.5 24.87 171.5 24.37 168.0
22.94 158.2 22.77 157.0 26.07 179.8 25.87 178.4 27.11 186.9 26.90 185.5
28.52 196.6 29.46 203.1 32.41 223.4 33.84 233.3 33.70 232.4 34.82 240.1
13.53 93.3 13.97 96.3 14.89 102.7 15.87 109.4 15.33 105.7 16.51 113.8
16.67 114.9 15.89 109.6 18.94 130.6 18.06 124.5 19.56 134.9 18.78 129.5
21.05 145.1 20.62 142.2 23.92 164.9 23.44 161.6 24.87 171.5 24.37 168.0
25.85 178.2 26.18 180.5 29.38 202.6 29.75 205.1 30.55 210.6 30.94 213.3
11.06 76.3 12.61 86.9 12.03 82.9 13.33 91.9 12.33 85.0 14.40 99.3
16.65 114.8 15.88 109.5 18.92 130.5 18.05 124.5 19.53 134.7 18.77 129.4
20.46 141.1 19.97 137.7 23.24 160.2 22.69 156.4 24.17 166.7 23.60 162.7
24.06 165.9 24.06 165.9 27.34 188.5 27.34 188.5 28.44 196.1 28.44 196.1
9.21 63.5 11.59 79.9 9.89 68.2 13.17 90.8 10.09 69.6 13.70 94.5
10.68 73.6 12.41 85.6 11.60 80.0 14.10 97.2 11.88 81.9 14.66 101.1
14.34 98.9 14.42 99.4 15.84 109.2 16.38 112.9 16.31 112.5 17.04 117.5
19.01 131.1 18.39 126.8 21.61 149.0 20.90 144.1 22.47 154.9 21.74 149.9
19.80 136.5 19.25 132.7 22.50 155.1 21.88 150.9 23.40 161.3 22.75 156.9
23.97 165.3 23.96 165.2 27.24 187.8 27.22 187.7 28.31 195.2 26.83 185.0
5.84 40.3 9.74 67.2 6.05 41.7 11.07 76.3 6.16 42.5 11.51 79.4
8.85 61.0 11.40 78.6 9.48 65.4 12.95 89.3 9.66 66.6 13.47 92.9
13.47 92.9 13.94 96.1 14.82 102.2 15.84 109.2 15.25 105.1 16.47 113.6
17.00 117.2 16.25 112.0 19.32 133.2 18.46 127.3 20.09 138.5 19.20 132.4
19.02 131.1 18.40 126.9 21.68 149.5 20.91 144.2 22.48 155.0 21.75 150.0
19.80 136.5 19.25 132.7 22.50 155.1 21.88 150.9 23.40 161.3 22.75 156.9
21.88 150.9 21.56 148.7 24.86 171.4 24.50 168.9 25.86 178.3 25.48 175.7
5.63 38.8 9.63 66.4 5.89 40.6 10.94 75.4 5.99 41.3 11.38 78.5
7.48 51.6 10.64 73.4 7.89 54.4 12.09 83.4 8.00 55.2 12.58 86.7
11.10 76.5 12.63 87.1 12.08 83.3 14.36 99.0 12.39 85.4 14.93 102.9
14.54 100.3 14.52 100.1 16.06 110.7 16.51 113.8 16.55 114.1 17.17 118.4
4.03 27.8 8.37 57.7 4.17 28.8 9.51 65.6 4.20 29.0 9.89 68.2
6.73 46.4 10.23 70.5 7.02 48.4 11.62 80.1 7.09 48.9 12.09 83.4
10.16 70.1 12.12 83.6 10.99 75.8 13.77 94.9 11.25 77.6 14.32 98.7
13.20 91.0 13.80 95.2 14.55 100.3 15.68 108.1 14.95 103.1 16.31 112.5
2.98 20.5 7.48 51.6 2.98 20.5 8.50 58.6 2.98 20.5 8.84 61.0
4.44 30.6 8.72 60.1 4.65 32.1 9.91 68.3 4.69 32.3 10.30 71.0
6.23 43.0 9.95 68.6 6.45 44.5 11.31 78.0 6.49 44.7 11.76 81.1
8.53 58.8 11.22 77.4 9.11 62.8 12.75 87.9 9.27 63.9 13.26 91.4
10.78 74.3 12.46 85.9 11.71 80.7 14.16 97.6 12.00 82.7 14.72 101.5
13.03 89.8 13.69 94.4 14.31 98.7 15.56 107.3 14.72 101.4 16.18 111.6
15.11 104.2 14.85 102.4 16.76 115.6 16.87 116.3 17.26 119.0 17.55 121.0
25
 Standard Pipe Sizes
NOMINAL WALL THICKNESS
NOMINAL OUTSIDE
PIPE SIZE DIAMETER Schedule 5 Schedule 10 Schedule 40 Schedule 80 Schedule 160
in in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm in mm
1/8 0.405 10.29 0.049 1.24 0.068 1.73 0.095 2.41
1/4 0.540 13.72 0.065 1.65 0.088 2.24 0.119 3.02
3/8 0.675 17.14 0.065 1.65 0.091 2.31 0.126 3.20
1/2 0.840 21.34 0.065 1.65 0.083 2.11 0.109 2.77 0.147 3.73 0.187 4.75
3/4 1.050 26.67 0.065 1.65 0.083 2.11 0.113 2.87 0.154 3.91 0.218 5.54
1 1.315 33.40 0.065 1.65 0.109 2.77 0.133 3.38 0.179 4.55 0.250 6.35
1 ¹₄ 1.660 42.16 0.065 1.65 0.109 2.77 0.140 3.56 0.191 4.85 0.250 6.35
1 ¹₂ 1.900 48.26 0.065 1.65 0.109 2.77 0.145 3.68 0.200 5.08 0.281 7.14
2 2.375 60.32 0.065 1.65 0.109 2.77 0.154 3.91 0.218 5.54 0.343 8.71
2 ¹₂ 2.875 73.02 0.083 2.11 0.120 3.05 0.203 5.16 0.276 7.01 0.375 9.52
3 3.500 88.90 0.083 2.11 0.120 3.05 0.216 5.49 0.300 7.62 0.438 11.10
3 ¹₂ 4.000 101.60 0.083 2.11 0.120 3.05 0.226 5.74 0.318 8.08
4 4.500 114.30 0.083 2.11 0.120 3.05 0.237 6.02 0.337 8.56 0.531 13.50
5 5.563 141.30 0.109 2.77 0.134 3.40 0.258 6.55 0.375 9.52 0.625 15.90
6 6.625 168.30 0.109 2.77 0.134 3.40 0.280 7.11 0.0432 11.00 0.718 18.20
8 8.625 219.10 0.109 2.77 0.148 3.76 0.322 8.18 0.500 12.70 0.906 23.00
10 10.750 273.00 0.134 3.40 0.165 4.19 0.365 9.27 0.593 15.10
12 12.750 323.80 0.165 4.19 0.180 4.57 0.406 10.30 0.687 17.40

Service Pressure The ASTM tubing specifications do not include

any recommended service pressure or any elevat-
ed temperature pressure requirements. However,
throughout the tubing and pipe industry, Barlow’s
Formula is commonly used to estimate the theo-
retical internal bursting and working pressures of
tubing.
Using this formula, reasonable estimated burst
pressures can be calculated. Yield pressures can
be estimated as well by substituting “Y” (yield
strength of material, psi) for “S” in the formula.
A reasonable working pressure is derived by
dividing the estimated burst pressure by 4,
yielding a 4 to 1 safety factor margin.
Simply stated, Barlow’s Formula is:

P = 2 St / D

Where:
P = Burst Pressure, psi
S = Tensile strength of material, psi
t = Wall thickness, inches
D = Outside diameter, inches
26
INCONEL®
INCOLOY®
MONEL®
NIMONIC®
NILO®

27