MEX - DVB Rev. D

MEX MULTIMODE EXCITER
Electrosys s.r.l. Phone: +39 0763 3361

Località Sferracavallo, 19/A Fax: +39.0763.393957
05010 – Orvieto (TR) Italy e–mail: electrosys@electrosys.it
P.IVA. 075284451003 website:www.electrosys.it

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MEX Multimode EXciter

Technical Manual
A 15/11/06 MEX for: VHF/UHF ANALOGUE TV

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 1 4
Restrictions:
The use of this equipment is only
under authority licence.
Note for countries submitted to

1999/05/EC directive:
This equipment can be operated
in the following countries:
AT DE MT GB
BE GR NL IS
CY HU PL LI
CZ IE PT NO
DK IT SK CH
EE LV SI BG
FI LT ES RO
FR LU SE TR
As option the equipment may be provided

with telemetering connectors for PTSN,
ADSL, or GSM networks
MEX Multimode EXciter

TABLE OF CONTENTS
SAFETY PRECAUTION
1. INTRODUCTION
2. SAFETY OPERATIONS
3. SPECIFICATION ON HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF BERYLLIA DEVICES
4. ABSTRACT OF APPENDIX “E” OF CEI EN 60215 SAFETY RULES
CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 3

1.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.1 Manual Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.2 General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2.1 Analogue Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2.2 Digital Modulator Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2.3 RF Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.2.4 Power Supply Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.2.5 Control Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.1 General data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.2 RF Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.3 Remote interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.4 Analogue TV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.3.5 DVB–T/H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.3.6 Frequency Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.3.7 Frequency Synthesizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS
Fig. 1.1 – Multimode Exciter functional areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Fig. 1.2 – Multimode Exciter general bklock diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Fig. 1.3 – Multimode Exciter rear panels views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Fig. 1.4 – Multimode Exciter internal top view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Fig. 1.5 – Multimode Exciter internal bottom view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Fig. 1.6 – Frequency synthesizer & Reference bklock diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Fig. 1.7 – DIGITAL MODULATOR Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Fig. 1.8 – I/Q MODulator Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Fig. 1.9 – dvb INTERFACE Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Fig. 1.10 – TV INTERFACE Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Fig. 1.11 – NICAM Modulator Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Fig. 1.12 – NICAM Modulator timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
CHAPTER 2: OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 5

2.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 LEGEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3 MAINS CONNECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.4 SWITCHING ON/OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.5 PARALLEL I/O CONNECTOR PIN–OUT ASSIGNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.6 USING THE CONTROLLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.6.1 Keyboard functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.6.2 Indications and symbols used on screen–shots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.6.3 Typographical Convections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.6.4 General information on data displaying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.6.5 Enabling and resetting the alarms storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17

2.7 MENU AND CONTENTS FOR DUAL–CAST MODULATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

2.7.1 Menus and contents for DVB–T/H version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.7.2 Menus and contents for analogue TV version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.8 CHANGING THE DUAL–CAST MODULATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.9 CHANGING THE TRANSMISSION CHANNEL (FREQUENCY) . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.10 REGULATION OF RF OUTPUT POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.11 CALIBRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.11.1 Exciter Power Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.11.2 Transmitter Forward and Reflected Power Meter Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.11.3 I/Q modulator Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
2.11.4 External ALC operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
2.12 DVB–T/H SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.12.1 Basic MFN operation start–up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.12.2 Basic SFN operation start–up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.12.3 MIP POWER CTRL function in SFN operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.13 TV SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
2.13.1 Using Audio Encoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
2.13.2 Internal Audio Coder set–up: stereo separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
2.13.3 External Audio Coder set–up: Wide Band Audio Input set–up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
2.13.4 Using NICAM modulator with additional data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2.13.5 Using external NICAM coder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2.14 SETTING PRECORRECTION TABLES OF THE PREC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.14.1 Enabling/disabling precorrector circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.14.2 Enabling/disabling a precorrector table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.14.3 Setting the operative range of a precorrection table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
2.14.4 Setting a precorrection curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
LIST OF TABLES
Tab. 2.1 – Multimode Exciter front panel legend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Tab. 2.2 – Multimode Exciter Dual–cast version rear panel legend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Tab. 2.3 – Multimode Exciter Dual–cast NICAM version rear panel legend . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Tab. 2.4 – Pin–out assignment of the PARALLEL I/O connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Tab. 2.5 – List of indications and symbols used on screen–shots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Tab. 2.6 – Alarms list of History Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Fig. 2.1 – Multimode Exciter front panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Fig. 2.2 – Multimode Exciter Dual–cast version rear panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Fig. 2.3 – Multimode Exciter Dual–cast NICAM version rear panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Fig. 2.4 – Main menu screen–shot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Fig. 2.5 – Screen–shot of an accessed menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Fig. 2.6 (1/2) – EXT. TRACK STATUS of REFERENCE . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 38
Fig. 2.7 – GPS STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Fig. 2.8 – Exciter power calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Fig. 2.9 – Carrier Suppression (DVB–T/H mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Fig. 2.10 – Lower Side band Suppression (DVB–T/H mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Fig. 2.11 – Carrier Suppression (TV mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Fig. 2.12 – Sound carriers Suppression (TV mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Fig. 2.13 – Connecting MEX to an external stereo coder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Fig. 2.14 – NICAM modulator with additional data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Fig. 2.15 – External NICAM encoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

Safety Precautions

SAFETY PRECAUTIONS
ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
– 05.03.97
B 19.11.04 SAFETY PRECAUTIONS 1 8
Safety Precautions
TABLE OF CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1 Application notes
1.2 Purpose
1.3 General
2. SAFETY OPERATION
2.1 Introduction
2.2 Electric shock
2.3 Rescue
2.4 Resuscitation
2.5 Emergency First Aid instructions
2.5.1 Rescue Breathing
2.5.2 Burns
3. SPECIFICATION ON HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF BERYLLIA DEVICES
3.1 Handling
3.2 Disposal
4. ABSTRACT OF APPENDIX “E” OF CEI EN 60215 SAFETY RULES
Guide to safety precautions which must be observed by the personnel operating with
radio–transmitters
– 05.03.97
Safety Precautions
1 INTRODUCTION
ǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤǤ
1.1 Application notes
The following rules apply to radio–transmitters, included every auxiliary equipment
requested for their functioning, working under the responsibility of trained personnel.
Antennas system and their supplying lines are excluded.
1.2 Purpose
The content of this section provides information concerning safety precautions which
must be observed by the operating personnel. Para. 4 provides in addition, an abstract of
the “Appendix E of CEI EN 60215 Safety Rules”.
The information given throughout this section concerns the safety operations (protection
against electric shock, burns, dangerous radiations, sundry risks) and the specifications
on handling and disposal of beryllia devices.
These directions do not ensure necessarily the safety of not–trained personnel operating
with the equipment when it is not working in normal conditions.
1.3 General
Electrosys® equipments have been designed and manufactured taking into due consider-
ation:
D personnel safety requirements as specified by IEC 215 Standard;
D Council recommendation of 12 july 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general

public to electromagnetic fields (0Hz to 300GHz) [1999/519/EC].
Depending upon the material to be highlighted, the following attention headings are used
in the technical content.
WARNING!
An operating or maintenance procedure, practice, condition and statement

which, if not strictly observed, could result in injury to or death personnel.
CAUTION!
An operating or maintenance procedure, practice, condition and statement

which, if not strictly observed, could result in damage to or destruction of
equipment or loss of mission effectiveness.
NOTE!
An essential operating or maintenance procedure, condition and statement

which must be highlighted.
When a precaution is required which relates specifically to a part of the technical content,
the information is given in the relevant part of the manual. WARNING and CAUTIONS pre-
cede applicable text.
– 05.03.97
Safety Precautions
2 SAFETY OPERATIONS
2.1 Introduction
The following are general safety precautions that are not related to any specific procedure
and therefore do not appear elsewhere in this publication. These are recommended pre-
cautions that personnel must understand and apply during many phases of operation and
maintenance.
KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUIT
Operating personnel must at all times observe all safety regulations. Do not replace com-
ponents or make adjustment, inside the equipment with the high voltage supply turned on.
Under certain conditions, dangerous potentials may exist when the power breaker is in the
OFF position, also due to charges retained by capacitors. To avoid casualties, always
remove power and discharge and ground a circuit before touching it.
DO NOT SERVICE OR ADJUST ALONE
Under no circumstances should any person initiate servicing or adjusting the equipment
except in the presence of someone who is capable of rendering aid.
2.2 Electric shock

Factors affecting electric shock consequence are:
– amount of current flown thru human body;
– current path thru human body;
– contact duration.
The following table gives probable effects of electric shock described by MIL–STD–454C
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
specification.
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
CURRENT (mA) EFFECT
A.C. 50/60 HZ D.C. ON HUMAN BODY
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
0 to 1 0 to 4 SENSATION
1 to 4 4 to 15 SURPRISE
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
4 to
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
21
21 to 40
15 to
80 to
80
160
REFLECTED ACTION
MUSCLES INHIBITION
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
40 to 100 160 to 300 CHOCKING
> 100 > 300 FATAL
2.3 Rescue
In case of electric shock, shut off the high voltage at once and ground circuits. If the high
voltage cannot be turned off without delay, free the victim from the contact with the live
conductor as promptly as possible.
Avoid direct contact with either the live conductor or the victim’s body. An axe with a dry
wooden handle may be used to cut the high voltage wire. Use extreme caution to avoid the
resulting electric flash.
2.4 Resuscitation
Personnel working with or near high voltage should be familiar with modern methods of
resuscitation. Such information may be obtained from the Bureau of Medicine and Sur-
gery.
– 05.03.97
Safety Precautions
2.5 Emergency First Aid instructions

WARNING!
VOLTAGES THAT ARE DANGEROUS TO LIFE ARE INVOLVED

IN THE OPERATION OF THIS ELECTRONIC EQUIPMENT.
OPERATING PERSONNEL MUST AT ALL TIMES OBSERVE
ALL SAFETY REGULATION.
DO NOT CHANGE TUBES OR MAKE ADJUSTMENTS INSIDE
THE EQUIPMENT WITH THE VOLTAGES APPLIED.
DANGEROUS CONDITIONS MAY EXIST IN CIRCUITS WITH
POWER CONTROLS IN THE ”OFF” POSITION DUE TO
CHARGES RETAINED BY CAPACITORS, ETC.
ALWAYS DISCHARGE AND GROUND CIRCUITS PRIOR TO
TOUCHING THEM TO AVOID PERSONAL INJURY OR LOSS
OF LIFE.
Personnel engaged in the installation, operation, or maintenance of this equipment or

similar equipment are urged to become familiar with the following rules both in theory and
practice. It is the duty of all operating personnel to be prepared to give adequate Emer-
gency First Aid and thereby prevent avoidable loss of life.
2.5.1 Rescue breathing
ÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
1. Find out if the person is 2. If he is not, open the air- 3. If he is still not breathing
ÁÁ
breathing. way by tilting his head begin rescue breathing:
backward.
person
ÁÁ
ÁÁ has
ÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁ
You must find out if the
stopped
Lift up up his neck with Keep his head tilted
backward.
ÁÁ
one hand and push down
breathing. If you think he on his forehead with the Pinch his nose shut.
ÁÁ
is not breathing, place him other. This opens the air- Put your mouth tightly
ÁÁ
flat on his back. Put your way. Sometimes doing over his mouth.
ear close to his mouth and Blow into his mouth once
ÁÁ
this will let the person
look at his chest. If he is breathe again by himself. every five seconds.
ÁÁ
ÁÁ
breathing, you can see his
ÁÁ
chest move up and down.
If you do not feel the air or
If it does not, begin rescue
breathing.
Do Not Stop Rescue
Breathing Until Help
Comes.
ÁÁ
ÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
not breathing. ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
see the chest move, he is
ÁÁ
LOOSEN CLOTHING
ÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁ
KEEP WARM
ÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ Do this when the victim is
ÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ ÁÁ
breathing by himself or help
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁ
is available. Keep him quiet
as possible and from
ÁÁ
ÁÁ ÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁ
becoming chilled. Other-
wise, treat him for shock.
– 05.03.97
Safety Precautions
2.5.2 Burns
SKIN REDDENED:
Apply ice cold water to burned area to prevent burn from going deeper into skin tissue.
Cover area with clean sheet or cloth to keep away air.
Consult a physician.
SKIN BLISTERED OR FLESH CHARRED:

Apply ice cold water to burned area to prevent burn from going deeper into skin tissue.
Cover area with clean sheet or cloth to keep away air. treat the victim for shock and take to
hospital.
EXTENSIVE BURN–SKIN BROKEN:

Cover area with clean sheet or cloth to keep away air. Treat the victim for shock and take to
hospital.
3 SPECIFICATION ON HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF BERYLLIA

DEVICES
3.1 Handling
Normally the components can be handled without risk, but there is a toxic hazard if beryllia
dust from a damaged component is inhaled or implanted in the skin. It is therefore neces-
sary to follow the indications described below:
D cover cuts and abrasions with dressing;
D wear disposable gloves;
D do not eat, drink, smoke, make up;
D wash hands and face after the contact with these damaged components;
D if beryllia penetrates under the skins through cuts or abrasions, the wound has to be
cleaned and treated by a qualified medical personnel.
3.2 Disposal
The disposal procedure is normally laid down by Operating Authority and must be strictly
adhered to. However, in the absence of such instructions the following points will be of
assistance.
The disposal procedure is divided into two categories:
D Electrically faulty, but not mechanically damaged.

The faulty component should be placed in a polythene bag which is to be sealed and
placed in a Beryllia scrapbox (1).
D Mechanically damaged components.

Using disposable gloves and tweezers, all visible parts are to be placed in a polythene bag
which is to be sealed and placed in a Beryllia scrapbox (1).
Still wearing gloves, clean the area with a damp cloth then place the cloth and gloves into a
polythene bag, seal the bag and place it in a Beryllia scrapbox.
The hands must be thoroughly washed after handling damaged components.
____________________________________________________________________________
(1) Ideally the Beryllia scrapbox is a sealed metal container clearly marked with a warning.
– 05.03.97
Safety Precautions
4 ABSTRACT OF APPENDIX “E” OF CEI EN 60215 SAFETY RULES

E Guide to safety precautions which must be observed by the per-
sonnel operating with radio–transmitters
E.1 INTRODUCTION
For the safety of the staff working on radio–transmitters and associated equipment, a full
evaluation of the several dangers which may occur is necessary.
The considered factors are:
D the special precautions which have to be taken in presence of voltages over 1000V of
peak;
D the special precautions which have to be taken when high radiofrequency voltages,
often higher than the previous ones, are being used;
D the effects of electromagnetic fields, present by the antennas and their conductors,
which may present dangers of fire for the surroundings, of electric shock and of burns
for the staff;
D dangers of explosion in presence of inflammable gas;
D dangers of falls of the staff working on structures or buildings, which can get worse
because of shakes caused by the accidental contact with conductors under voltage.
E.4 A RADIO–TRANSMITTER’S FUNCTIONING

E.4.1 The equipment has to be kept in such a way as to fulfil the safety rules.
E.4.2 A person, competent and certified by the responsible units, has to make sure, at regular
intervals, of the good functioning of the equipment and of the protection and safety
devices.
Functioning tests have to be carried out on door block devices, on mechanical blocks, on
line– and earth breakers, on parallel resistors, and on protection devices against overvol-
tages and overcurrents.
The above said tests have to be carried out as well when a protection or safety device
works after a failure has occurred.
The safety devices have not either to be altered or disconnected, except for the substitu-
tion, nor to be modified without approval, in any case, of the responsible units.
E.4.3 All the covers assuring protection against accidental contacts with parts under dangerous
voltage must be kept in their position during the ordinary service. They can be taken off, for
maintenance or repair operations, only under the responsibility of the charged staff.
E.4.4 All the covers and metal casings of the electric and electronic equipment have to be
grounded with effective methods, and particular attention must be paid to the mainten-
ance of these connections to the protection ground.
E.4.5 The rooms occupied by parts of equipment having open structure are considered as
fences.
E.4.6 If a radio transmitter is put under voltage, the trained person in charge of it has to per-
sonally verify that: no other person is working on the transmitter or on the associated
antenna; that each work carried out is sufficiently completed in order to allow the trans-
mission; that no tool, test equipment or portable lamp remains inside or on the transmitter;
and that all test or auxiliary equipment used for the tests has been disconnected.
– 05.03.97
Safety Precautions
E.6 PROCEDURE TO VERIFY ABSENCE OF VOLTAGE

After the equipment has been sectioned, the absence of voltage has to be verified on the
work place. This can be carried out by using voltage indicators, measuring instruments,
neon lamps indicating radiofrequency voltages or any other convenient means.
E.7 WORK ON CIRCUITS UNDER VOLTAGE

Work on circuits under voltage with peak voltages over 72V, or in proximity of such circuits,
has to be reduced to the lowest. Such a work can be performed only if the following condi-
tions are fulfilled.
D The work has to be carried out by an authorized person, qualified in electrical engineer-
ing, supervised at least by another person who has been trained and who can immedi-
ately interrupt the voltage, and furthermore who has been trained to administer first aid
through artificial respiration and heart massage.
D No risk of ionizing or non–ionizing radiation has to exist.
D The work has to be carried out in such a way as not to run the risk of formation of arcs or
currents through the body.
D For the safe execution of the work, adequate equipment, devices and test tools have to
be employed.
D Adequate safety measures for the indication of the dangerous areas have to be taken.
D The work has to be carried out only for urgent reasons, e.g. if it is not possible to carry
out the work or locate a failure in absence of voltage.
____________________________________________________________________
NOTE In some Countries stricter rules and/or regulations may be applied.
E.8 OTHER DANGERS

E.8.1 DANGERS OF RADIOFREQUENCY RADIATIONS
a) The utmost power levels in the field of microwaves and/or lower radio frequencies
electric or magnetic field, which the staff can be exposed to, have not to exceed the
limits foreseen by the laws of the considered Country. For those Countries where a
national law for the levels of non–ionizing radiation does not still exist, directions from
the IEC 657 and World Health Organization Publication can be obtained: “Hygienic
rules of the surrounding environment 16” (1981).
__________________________________________________________________
NOTE Limits given are applied to the radio transmitter, except for its antenna, in a frequency range from 30
MHz to 30 GHz. Under 30 MHz, higher limits can be appropriate.
b) During the transmission period the staff has never to look directly at a radiator, spot-
light, waveguide or any other irradiating element which concentrates energy in a nar-
row, intense beam.
– 05.03.97
CHAPTER 1: General Information

CHAPTER 1:
GENERAL INFORMATION

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 1 20
1CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 3

1.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.1 Manual Applicability . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.1.2 General information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
1.2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2.1 Analogue Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
1.2.2 Digital Modulator Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
1.2.3 RF Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.2.4 Power Supply Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.2.5 Control Section . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
1.3 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.1 General data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.2 RF Characteristics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.3 Remote interfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
1.3.4 Analogue TV . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
1.3.5 DVB–T/H . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.3.6 Frequency Reference . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
1.3.7 Frequency Synthesizer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Fig. 1.1 – Multimode Exciter functional areas . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3
Fig. 1.2 – Multimode Exciter general bklock diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Fig. 1.3 – Multimode Exciter rear panels views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
Fig. 1.4 – Multimode Exciter internal top view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Fig. 1.5 – Multimode Exciter internal bottom view . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Fig. 1.6 – Frequency synthesizer & Reference bklock diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Fig. 1.7 – DIGITAL MODULATOR Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Fig. 1.8 – I/Q MODulator Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Fig. 1.9 – dvb INTERFACE Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Fig. 1.10 – TV INTERFACE Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
Fig. 1.11 – NICAM Modulator Block diagram . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Fig. 1.12 – NICAM Modulator timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 2 20
CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION
1.1 INTRODUCTION
1.1.1 Manual Applicability
This manual provides system–oriented information, procedures and data for operation and
installation of the following units:
p/n. 545010xxxx . . . . for MEXs operating in VHF BI frequency range;
p/n. 545030xxxx . . . . for MEXs operating in VHF BIII frequency range;
p/n. 545060xxxx . . . . for MEXs operating in UHF BIV–V frequency range.
The contents of the present manual are arranged in chapters according to the following:
– Chapter 1 : General Information
– Chapter 2 : Operating Instructions
1.1.2 General information
Multimode is the State–of–The–Art Exciter capable of all modulation modes by means of fully
digital signal processing. Only by changing the modulator card software, the exciter can
implement analogue TV (all standards), DVB–T/H, ATSC DTV, DAB, etc. A wise use of the
latest technologies and innovative and downsizing design of the plug–in cards, in particular
the innovative single chip MODULATOR, have enabled us to reduce significantly the overall
dimensions of the exciter. The integration of the digital and RF stages in a single rack simpli-
fies and improves the equipment.
Using the MEX dual cast transmitter is very simple: it is possible to switch between digital and
analog TV transmission by a simple software command (locally by means of keyboard or
remotely by using web browser, ESS or SNMP).
With reference to Fig. 1.1 and Fig. 1.2, MEX may be divided into the following functional area:
analogue section RF section
digital modulator power supply

(numerical elaboration) section
Fig. 1.1 – Multimode Exciter functional areas

analogue section . . . . . including Frequency Synthesizer, Frequency Reference, GPS;
digital modulator . . . . . including the digital modulator circuitry (on a single assembly)
which is able to perform the modulation compliant with the various
transmission standards analogue TV, DVB–T, ATSC DTV, DAB
etc.
RF section . . . . . . . . . . including the RF amplifiers final stages which are able to deliver up
to 1Wrms DVB–T/5Wp.s. TV signal if the unit drives subsequent
RF amplifiers; if the unit is in stand–alone configuration is able to
deliver up to 2Wrms DVB–T/10Wp.s. TV signal.
RF sections delivering 25/50/100Wrms DVB–T, are also available.
pwr supp. section . . . . including two AC/DC converters which supply all the circuits and
assemblies of the unit.
control section . . . . . . . which allows commands, configuration setting and paramenters
monitoring of the unit. This section is not represented on Fig. 1.1,
since it is located behind the front panel.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 3 20
The functional performances of MEX may be summatrized as:

– fully numerical signal eleboration and modulation;
– I/Q Direct RF Modulation;
– digital linear and non–linear precorrection;
– possibility to pass from a standard to another;
– band III/IV–V frequency agile;
– only one interface to “converse” with a dedicated software (ESS – Electrosys Supervisory
System);
– software upgrading of the signal elaboration boards;
– ethernet control with HTTP, FTP and SMNP protocols;
GPS RF
1 PPS
10MHz
L.O. MONITOR
1 PPS
10MHz
RS–232 CONTROLLER 1 PPS

FREQUENCY
RS–485 + REFERENCE
ETHER. KEYBOARD 10MHz GPS
AND RECEIVER
PARALLEL AND DISPLAY SYNTHESIZER
38.9MHz
AD
Data 728
Clock 728 NICAM
Audio 2
Audio 1 RF OUT
MONITOR
ASI 4 I/Q MOD.
RF OUT
ASI 3 DVB DIGITAL RF POWER
ASI 2 MODULATOR AMPLIFIER
ASI 1
INTERFACE AUX RF OUT
AUX
I/Q MOD. AUX RF OUT
Audio 2
MONITOR
Audio 1
FWD
TV
Video 2 INTERFACE RFL
Video 1
TO TO TO
FWD DIGITAL ANALOG RF SECTION
SECTION
RFL SECTION AC/DC
AUX FWD
AUX RFL
Fig. 1.2 – Multimode Exciter general bklock diagram
The following figures show general views of MEX: Fig. 1.3 shows the rear panels of the differ-
ent versions, Fig. 1.4 shows the internal top view and Fig. 1.5 shows the bottom view of the
unit (N.B.: RF section shown in Fig. 1.4., is related to a 1Wrms /5Wp.s. unit).

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 4 20
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Dualcast + NICAM
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
3 3 3 3
DVB–T/H
ANALOGUE TV
2 1 2 1
3 3
ANALOGUE TV + NICAM
2 1 2 1 2 1 2 1
3 3 3 3
Fig. 1.3 – Multimode Exciter rear panels views

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 5 20

START STOP
MAIN
LOCAL REMOTE
ESCAPE
AUX
L.O.
ENTER
MAINS
EXCITER
TRANSMITTER MASTER
STATUS
500
RCM3200
Dist M3x8
026310000
N.B.: RF section shown, is

related to a 1Wrm s/5W p.s. unit
Fig. 1.4 – Multimode Exciter internal top view

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 6 20
STATUS
MASTER TRANSMITTER
EXCITER
MAINS
ENTER
L.O.
AUX
ESCAPE
REMOTE LOCAL
MAIN
STOP START
MULTIMODE EXCITER MEX
1 1
J5
J4
L.C.
4010000910
RTN
+V1
electrosys
Femmina Femmina
Maschio
LC
1
402000210
J1
J3
J1
J2
J5
RCM3200
L.C.
electrosys 4070000110
Dist M3x8
026310000
Fig. 1.5 – Multimode Exciter internal bottom view

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 7 20
1.2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

1.2.1 Analogue Section
This section includes the following boards:
Frequency Synthesizer and Reference (p/n. 4010000310)
GPS Receiver
Frequency Synthesizer & Reference
The board generates three different frequency:
10 MHz by means of an OCXO that can be locked to an external 10 MHz reference. In
case of absence of the external reference the OCXO continues to generates the 10 MHz
with the same accuracy as before the fault;
the tone used by the I/Q direct modulator by means of a VCO (UP) locked to the 10 MHz. A
DDS (Direct Digital Synthesizer) inserts a frequency offset using a I/Q balanced mixer and
a VCXO clock;
the tone used by the I/Q down converter by means of a VCO (DOWN) locked to the 10
MHz. This frequency is:
2x(frequency of the VCO UP) for DVB–T/H modulation;
2x(frequency of the VCO UP + 6 MHz) for TV modulation.
GPS Receiver
An integrated GPS receiver (optional) is available when the exciter is used in DVB–T/DAB
Single Frequency Networks (SFN), obtaining a frequency stability of 5x10–11.
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
GPS
connector
AERIAL GPS
RECEIVER 1 PPS mC
BOARD
10 MHz
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mC TO DIGITAL
MODULATOR
Ï ÏÏ
1 PPS
connector
INPUT 1 PPS
1 PPS
Ï
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OUTPUT
Ï ÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
10 MHz
Ï Ï ÏÏÏÏ
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PLL
VCO DOWN FREQUENCY FOR
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10MHz
INPUT PLL
OCXO
10MHz
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10 MHz
ÏÏ ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
OUTPUT PLL
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VCO UP FREQUENCY FOR
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
UP CONVERTER
I Q
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VCXO DDS DDS
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Fig. 1.6 – FREQUENCY SYNTHESIZER & REFERENCE bklock diagram

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 8 20
1.2.2 Digital Modulator Section

The digital modulator card performs the modulation compliant according to the various trans-
mission standards: analogue TV, DVB–T/H, ATSC DTV, DAB, etc. The modulator provides
analogue base band I and Q signals for the direct conversion to the RF channel. This card is
provided with several RF inputs to monitor the forward and reflected transmitter output power
in order to perform the Automatic Level Control function and transmitter power measure-
ments. Digital pre–equalizer compensates for the linear (amplitude and group delay)
antenna filter distortions and digital pre–distorter for the non–linear final HPA distortions.
The pre–distorter set up can be manual or automatic (supplying the modulator with the HPAs
RF output signal).
Full configurable muting function available in case of loss of input, frequency reference, etc.
TV Version
No trimming operations are needed due to fully digital video and audio modulation, obtaining
an exceptionally performance stability over environment conditions changes. The exciter has
a stereo/dual sound encoder with automatic mode selection using dedicated teletext line
and, one wide band (up to 120 KHz) input for an external audio encoder.
Optionally, an integrated NICAM modulator, which can also accept an external pre–codified
NICAM 728 Kbit/s stream and additional data, is available.
Additional RF sound output for sound separated amplification transmitters is available.
DVB–T/H Version
The modulator is fully compliant with EN 300 744, TS 101 191 and EN 50083–9 standards
including hierarchical modulation and DVB–H.
In case of SFN operations, the card provides the extraction of the MIP (Megaframe Initializa-
tion Packet) information, to carry out the automatic delay compensation and optional data
(time offset function, power function, etc.).
In case of MFN operation, bit rate adaptation by inserting or discarding null packets is per-
formed and, in order to avoid PCR jitter, PCR restamping is done.
The modulator continuously checks the input transport stream to find any first priority error
(according to ETR 290); in case of error, it can switch to the other input. If the two input trans-
port streams are identical, the switching is seamless.
For test purposes, a contiguous block of carriers can be switched off or, on the contrary, can
be switched on.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 9 20
The digital modulator section includes the following boards:

DIGITAL MODULATOR (p/n. 4020000210)
I/Q MODULATOR (p/n. 4120000020)
DVB INTERFACE (p/n. 4020000310)
TV INTERFACE (p/n. 4010000610)
NICAM MODULATOR (p/n. 405515410)
ANALOG I/O (p/n. 4010000210)
DIGITAL MODULATOR (ref. Fig. 1.7)

The board performs the processing and modulation of the signal outgoing from the input inter-
face. The interface converts the inputs to a suitable format which can be read by the modula-
tor, according to the type of transmission the interface board may be as follows:
DVB–T INTERFACE board for DVB–T broadcasting
TV INTERFACE board for TV broadcasting
TV and DVB–T INTERFACE boards for Dual Cast broadcasting
An auxiliary connector is also present which allows installing additional functions (optional)
as NICAM modulator.
All real time elaboration are performed by an FPGA, while controls, setting and measure-
ments functions are performed by a DSP which dialogues with the exciter Controller via an
I2C bus. This serial bus is also connected to Frequency Synthesizer board through a suitable
connector.
It is possible to store up to 2 different programs for FPGA in a re–programmable flash memory
(via JTAG bus).
For Dual Cast broadcasting, the DSP choses program to be loaded (by means PROG CTRL
signal) and type of input interface to be atctivated (DVB–t or TV) according to the indcations
sent by the controller.
Two additional flash memories are used for storing the DSP program and for saving factory
settings and precorrection tables.
The DIGITAL MODULATOR board is equipped with two PLL (Phase Locked Loop) which
synthesize 36MHz and 108MHz clocks locked to 10MHz reference frequency (outgoing from
Frequency Synthesizer board). The clock signal delivered to DAC (CLK DAC signal) is
108/2MHz for TV broadcasting or 36MHz for DVB–T broadcasting.
Inside FPGA are present two DLL circuits (Delay Locked Loop) which synthesize other clocks
(from 36MHz and 108MHz) requested for the internal functiong of the device.
DSP measures the output power (through the wattmeter on boad of DIGITAL MODULATOR)
and keeps it at the set value by adjusting the VCA gain (Voltage Controlled Amplifier) on
board of IQ MODUALTOR board. In this way an AGC (Automatic Gain Control) is performed.
The wattmeter measures the exciter RF output power outgoing from a directional coupler
present in the amplifier stage.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 10 20
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
FROM FROM
CONTROLLER JTAG DIRECT. COUPLER
connector connector
ÏÏ
ÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ
I2C BUS
WATT
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
METER
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ FLASH
FROM INPUT INTERFACE
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ (FPGA) SETTING MEASURE
TO I/Q MODULATOR
DSP
Ï ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏSETTING
Ï ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
(TV/DVB–T)
FLASH FLASH
connector
connector
DATA DAC
(DSP) (DATA)
Ï ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
PROG. DATA
CLKs CLK DAC
DATA BUS
ÏÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
Ï ÏÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
FROM NICAM MODULATOR
Ï ÏÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
FPGA PREDISTORTER
ÏÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
CLKs AUX
(OPTIONAL)
connector
ÏÏÏÏ
1PPS
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
10MHz SYNTH
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
36MHz
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
MUX
10MHz SYNTH
ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ connector
108MHz
TO SYNTHESIZER
Fig. 1.7 – DIGITAL MODULATOR Block diagram

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I/Q MODULATOR (ref. Fig. 1.8)

The board receives at its inputs I and Q base–band signals and local oscillator signal and
converts the base–band signals directly to RF frequency on the desired channel.
Vagc signal outgoing from DIGITAL MODULATOR board regulates VCA (Voltage Controlled
Amplifier) gain for allowing the output power regulation.
Then the conversion is performed by an I/Q analogue modulator and is affected by tolerances
to be compensated for, by a suiatble calibration (factory set; see <FACTORY> menu).
The calibration has to be carried out on the following parameters:
I GAIN and Q GAIN . . . . . . . affetc the amplitude of I and Q signals and compensate for
amplitude inbalance of the two signals;
I OFFSET and Q OFFSET . affetc the dc level of I and Q signals and compensate for car-
rier suppression;
PHASE INBALANC . . . . . . . . affetc the relative phase of I and Q signals and compensate
for quadrature error.
L.O.
ÏÏÏÏ
I
ÏÏÏÏ
RF
ÏÏÏÏ
VCA RF OUTPUT
ÏÏÏÏ
Q
V AGC
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Fig. 1.8 – I/Q MODULATOR Block diagram
DVB INTERFACE (ref. Fig. 1.9)

The board extracts MPEG–2 Transport Streams from the input signals (DVB ASI or DVB SPI)
and sends them to DIGITAL MODULATOR board in a suitable format to be processed
according to EN 300 744 standard.
The board is endowed with 4 ASI inputs which can work simultaneously and an SPI input
which can be activated only as alternative to ASI 1.
When enable signal is at high level, the board is disabled; in this way TV INTERFACE board
can be enabled in Dual Cast version.
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
TO DIGITAL MODULATOR
ASI
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
ASI 1 BUFFER
RECEIVER
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ Ï
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
ASI 2 ASI
connector
BUFFER
RECEIVER
ASI 3 ASI
BUFFER
RECEIVER
*ENABLE
ASI 4 ASI
BUFFER
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
RECEIVER
Fig. 1.9 – DVB INTERFACE Block diagram

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TV INTERFACE (ref. Fig. 1.10)

The board converts the input analogue audio–video signals to a digiatl format suitable to be
processed (according to the TV standard used) by DIGITAL MODULATOR board.
The following inputs are available:
2 composite video inputs
2 audio inputs
All operations of processing and modulation are performed by DIGITAL MODULATOR board
through a digital process, but for synchronisms extraction and a first dc restoration (DC
RESTORE; then the dc level will be suppressed digitally with maximum precision).
The band of audio inputs is normally limited at 20kHz but it is possible to enable a ’wide band’
mode (about 100kHz) for AUDIO 2 input in such a way to use an external stereo encoder as
alternative to the internal one.
When enable signal is at low level, the board is disabled; in this way DVB INTERFACE board
can be enabled in Dual Cast version.
TO DIGITAL
MODULATOR
VIDEO 1
connector
ÏÏÏÏ
ENABLE
ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ
SYNC
EXTRACTOR
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ

ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Ï
DC LOW
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ

RESTORE PASS ADC BUFFER
FILTER
ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ
SYNC
EXTRACTOR
VIDEO 2
ÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
AUDIO 1
ÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ LOW
ÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ Ï PASS
ÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ Ï
FILTER
ADC BUFFER
ÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
LOW
PASS
ÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ FILTER
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
AUDIO 2
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ ADC
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ WIDE BAND BUFFER
Fig. 1.10 – TV INTERFACE Block diagram

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NICAM MODULATOR (ref. Fig. 1.11)

The NICAM modulator performs the signal processing compliant to the NICAM standard by
means of a DSP (base band coding: compander–interleaver–scrambler) and an FPGA
(DQPSK modulator–filter shaping–up converter).
The modulator uses four clocks: 12.288 MHz and 27.3 MHz generated by PLLs circuits, 54.6
MHz and 63 MHz by DLLs systems located inside the FPGA. Moreover there is a 38.9 MHz
PLL useful for external NICAM encoder synchronization (if used).
The digital data output (54 MSamples/s) from the FPGA is a NICAM signal located at 5.85
MHz for standard B/G or at 6.552 MHz for standard I.
The modulator can be used in the following different mode.
STEREO . . . . . . . The modulator performs the stereo encoding of the two analog audio
inputs.
DUAL SOUND . . The modulator performs the dual sound encoding of the two analog
audio inputs.
MONO+DATA . . . The modulator uses AUDIO 1 input for sound and AD0 AD11 input for
data. An external clock 728 KHz must be supplied to the modulator
(Fig. 1.12a) ). In this case will be transmitted 352 data bits + 11 addi-
tional data bits.
DATA . . . . . . . . . . The modulator uses only AD0 AD11 input for data. An external clock
728 KHz must be supplied to the modulator (Fig. 1.12b) ). In this mode
will be transmitted 704 data bits + 11 additional data bits.
EXTERNAL . . . . . The modulator accept pre–codified 728 Kbit/s packets coming from
an external NICAM encoder in the DATA 728 Kbit/s connector. In this
case the modulator uses only the FPGA processing (DQPSK modula-
tor–filter shaping–up converter) and can accept from or supplies to
the external coder a 728 KHz clock.
When used in STEREO/DUAL SOUND mode, the modulator can accept 11 bits per NICAM
packet (ADDITIONAL DATA – AD0 AD10 ) from an external source according to NICAM stan-
dard (Fig. 1.12c) ). An external clock 728 KHz must be supplied to the modulator.
The modulator generates a SYNC signal in the DATA 728 Kbit/s connector in the following
conditions (see Fig. 1.12a); Fig. 1.12b); Fig. 1.12c) for the timing):
MONO+DATA/DATA mode.
ADDITIONAL DATA enabled in STEREO/DUAL SOUND mode.
AUDIO 1
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
I2C
ADC DSP
AUDIO 2
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
connector
ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ DATA
ÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
OUTPUT
AD0 to AD10 FPGA
ÏÏÏÏ
DATA 728 Kbit/s (SYNC)
CLOCK 728KHz
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ ÏÏÏÏ
PLL
12.2MHz
PLL
27.3MHz
ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏ
PLL CLOCK
54MHz 38.9MHz
38.9MHz
ÏÏÏÏ
ÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏÏ Fig. 1.11 – NICAM Modulator Block diagram

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CLOCK 728 KHz
AD0 to AD10
D0 D1 D351 AD0 AD1 AD9 AD10
SYNC (DATA 728 Kbit/s) a)
CLOCK 728 KHz
AD0 to AD10
D0 D1 D2 D3 D702 D703 AD0 AD1 AD9 AD10
SYNC (DATA 728 Kbit/s) b)
CLOCK 728 KHz
AD0 to AD10
AD0 AD1 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7 AD8 AD9 AD10
SYNC (DATA 728 Kbit/s) c)
Fig. 1.12 – NICAM Modulator timing
ANALOG I/O
The ANALOG I/O performs the following operations:
digital to analog conversion of I/Q baseband signals and of auxiliary I/Q baseband signals
if TV separate sound amplification option is installed;
down conversion and analog to digital conversion of the RF forward input signal if TV sepa-
rate sound amplification option is installed.
The last function is used if MEX measures the transmitter output power (when MEX operates
also as TX control logic – see “FACTORY” menù) and/or the automatic predistorter is
installed.
The down–converter uses a tone frequency approximately equal to the double of the output
frequency of the transmission channel (see paragraph 1.2.1).

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1.2.3 RF Section
The final power amplifier generates up to 1 W rms DVB–T / 5 W ps TV signal appropriate for
subsequent high power RF amplification.
As a stand alone transmitter the output power can be up to 2W rms DVB–T / 10 W ps TV.
The power amplifier module uses LDMOS technology achieving unsurpassed peak power
margin and efficiency due to advanced circuit design.
Versions of RF section which are able to deliver 25Wrms DVB–T, 50Wrms DVB–T and
100Wrms DVB–T, are also available.
1.2.4 Power Supply Section
The power supply section is made up by two AC/DC converters supplying all the circuits and
assemblies of MEX unit. One AC/DC converter is used to supply the final RF stages with a
+28VDC voltage; the other AC/DC converter delivers +3.3VDC, +5VDC and +12VDC used to
supply the other circuits of MEX.
1.2.5 Control Section
The multimode exciter has a control unit that allows commands, configuration setting and
parameters monitoring. The ESS (Electrosys Supervisory System) software allows the
remote control of the exciters, including the firmware upgrade of all the exciter parts. In this
way adjustments, due to modifications of standard specifications or specific customer
requirements, can be accomplished without replacing any part from a remote position.
The exciter is provided with RS–232, RS–485 and ethernet ports and can implement the
HTTP, TFTP and SNMP protocols allowing a very powerful remote control.
The Control Unit can also perform all the operations required for the control and setting of a
complete high power transmitter (embedded transmitter control system) obtaining a very
compact and cost effective system. In case of dual exciter configuration, one exciter acts as
master and the second one as slave; in case of fault of the master, automatically the slave
replaces it, obtaining also the system control redundancy.
A frontal display and a keyboard allow a complete control of the exciter and/or transmitter
without any external PC including the precorrection.

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1.3 TECHNICAL CHARACTERISTICS
1.3.1 General data
ENVIRNOMENTAL CONDITIONS
Operation temperature range 0°C to +45°C
Storage temperature range –40°C to +70°C
Relative humidity 5% to 90%
Altitude a.s.l. up to 3000 m
Ambient air pressure: 65kPa to 105kPa
Cooling system: forced air
AC REQUIREMENTS
AC supply 90 to 264V
90 to 253V for EC countries
Frequency 50/60Hz
Power factor 0.9 min.
Power consumption:
MEX 1Wrms DVB 220VA
MEX 25Wrms DVB 420VA
MECHANICAL
Frame: standard 19” – 3HE
Dimensions (wxhxd) (mm): 483x134x505
Weight (kg): 15
1.3.2 RF Characteristics
RF CHARACTERISTICS
Frequency range 47 to 88MHz (VHF/BI)
170 to 230MHz (VHF/BIII)
470 to 860MHz (UHF/BIV–V)
RF output (transmitter’s driver) 1 N, 50W, 1 Wrms DVB, 5Wps TV
Max RF output power (transmitter) 1 N, 50W, 2Wrms DVB, 10Wps TV
1 N, 50W, 25 Wrms DVB
Auxiliary RF output (separated sound) 1 N, 50W, 10 dB below RF video peak sync
Forward RF input (power meter) 1 N, 50W, 0 dBm +3, –7 dB
Aux forward RF input (power meter) 1 N, 50W, 0 dBm +3, –7 dB
Reflected RF input (power meter) 1 BNC, 50W, 0 dBm +3, –7 dB
Aux forward RF input (power meter) 1 BNC, 50W, 0 dBm +3, –7 dB
RF monitor 1 BNC, 50W, 0 dBm
Auxiliary RF monitor 1 BNC, 50W, 0 dBm
1.3.3 Remote interfaces

REMOTE INTERFACES
RS–232 for ESS (Electrosys Supervisory System) protocol
RS–485 for embedded transmitter control system
Ethernet for HTTP, TFTP, SNMP protocols
Parallel for simple controls and commands

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1.3.4 Analogue TV
VIDEO CHARACTERISTICS
TV standard B, G, D, H, I, K, K1, M, N
Colour standard PAL, NTSC, SECAM.
Number of video input 2 (not simultaneously working), BNC
Input impedance 75W
Return loss > 36 dB (0 – 6 MHz)
Input voltage level 1 Vpp $ 6 dB
Input AGC Manual or on ITS line
Manual gain adjustment step 0.1 dB
Clamping Back porch level
Input 50 Hz tone suppression (600mVpp) < –46 dB
Modulation depth 5 to 15 %
White limiter 85 to 95 % modulation
Sync pulse regeneration 20 to 30 %
Video filtering According to the standard or by–passed
Tilt (50 Hz) 0.5 %
Tilt (15 KHz) 0.5 %
Differential gain variation <0.5 %
Differential phase variation <0.5 o
Static linearity <0.5 %
Amplitude frequency response $0.1 dB (25 Hz fmax, depending on the std.)
Amplitude frequency response <–60 dB (freq. > fmax, depending. on the std.
AUDIO CHARACTERISTICS
Number of audio input 2, XLR
Input impedance 600W/>5KW (balanced and unbalanced)
Nominal input level 0 dBm, –6, + 21 dB
Gain adjustment step 0.1dB
Hard limiter adjustable 1KHz step, 0 to 100 KHz dev.
Channel cross–talk >70 dB (40 Hz to 15 KHz)
Stereo cross–talk >40 dB (40 Hz to 15 KHz)
Harmonic distortion (with preemphasis) < 0.1% (40 Hz to 15 KHz, $50 KHz deviat)
FM SNR (unweighted) < – 70 dB ($50 KHz deviation at 500 Hz)
FM SNR (weighted) < – 65 dB ($50 KHz deviation at 500 Hz)
AM Noise < – 60 dB
Simultaneous AM noise < –50 dB
Intermodulation between sound carriers < –60 dB
Preemphasis 50/75 ms ($0.1 dB; can be switched off)
Input frequency response $0.1 dB, 40 Hz to 15 KHz
$0.1 dB, 40 Hz to 120 KHz in wide band mode
Filter pass band frequency 15 KHz
Filter stop band frequency 19 KHz
Filter stop band attenuation > 80 dB
Pilot signal generation 54.6875 KHz (Locked to the line frequency
Pilot carrier modulation AM
Pilot modulation depth 50 %
Pilot modulation tone frequency 0 (mono), f line/133 (stereo), f line/57 (dual)
Audio encoder mode Mono, stereo, dual sound, wide band, auto

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NICAM CHARACTERISTICS
Number of audio inputs 2, XLR
Input impedance 600W/>5 KW (balanced and unbalanced)
Nominal input level 0 dBm to 10 dB
Pre–codified NICAM data input 728 Kbit/s, BNC, high impedance TTL
Additional data input 728 Kbit/s, BNC, high impedance TTL
Clock for external coder or additional data 728 KHz, select. in/out, BNC, high imp. TTL
Frequency reference output 38.9 MHz, BNC, TTL
Carrier Frequency 6.552 MHz (I), 5.85 MHz (B/G)
Harmonics and spuriouses > 50 dB below NICAM carrier level
Spectrum Shaping $0.5 dB from nominal
Amplitude Imbalance < 0.1 dB
Quadrature error < 1o
THD+N at 2 KHz tone input < 0.1 % at nominal input level
S/N at 1 KHz tone input > 70 dB at nominal input level
Encoder mode Mono, stereo, dual sound, mono+data

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1.3.5 DVB–T/H
DVB–T/H CHARACTERISTICS
Inputs 4 BNC 75W, DVB–ASI,
Input Data format 188/204 bytes packets, continuos and burst mode
Input Bit Rate According to ETS 30 744 in SFN
Bit rate adaptation and PCR restamping in MFN
IFFT 2K, 4K, 8K
Code rate 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8
Guard interval 1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32
Interleaver Native, in–depth
Constellation QPSK, 16QAM, 64QAM
Hierarchical (alpha) 1, 2, 4
Network operation MFN, SFN
Bandwidth 5, 6, 7, 8 MHz
MER > 40 dB
Carrier suppression (center frequency) > 60 dBc
Average amplitude imbalance <1 %
Average quadrature error <1o
Spurious level in band <– 70 dBc
Spurious level out band <– 60 dBc
Maximum spectrum ripple $0.25 dB
1.3.6 Frequency Reference

FREQUENCY REFERENCE CHARACTERISTICS
Local oscillator monitor 1BNC, 50W, 0 dBm
Frequency reference input 1 BNC, 50W, 10 MHz, 7 dBm$6 dB
Frequency reference output 1 BNC, 50W, 10 MHz, 7 dBm
1 PPS input 1 BNC, 50W, TTL
1 PPS output 1 BNC, 50W, TTL
GPS input 1 N, 50W, up to 250 m RG58 cable
OCXO frequency aging $110–7/year, 3 10–7/10 years
GPS frequency accuracy $110–12 average 24h of sync
GPS frequency aging $510–10/24 h free running
GPS frequency short term stability <310–11, 10 s Allen variance
GPS 1 PPS accuracy $1ms during the first 20 minutes
$100ns after 20 minutes from sync
$4ms, 4 h hold over
$22ms, 24 h hold over
1.3.7 Frequency Synthesizer
SYNTHESIZER PHASE NOISE MASK

10Hz 65dBc
100Hz 80dBc
1kHz 90dBc
10kHz 95dBc
100kHz 115dBc
1Mz 130dBc

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 20 20
CHAPTER 2: Operating Instructions

CHAPTER 2:
OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 1 74
CHAPTER 2: OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 5

2.1 INTRODUCTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.2 LEGEND . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 5
2.3 MAINS CONNECTION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.4 SWITCHING ON/OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.5 PARALLEL I/O CONNECTOR PIN–OUT ASSIGNMENT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.6 USING THE CONTROLLER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
2.6.1 Keyboard functions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
2.6.2 Indications and symbols used on screen–shots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
2.6.3 Typographical Convections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
2.6.4 General information on data displaying . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
2.6.5 Enabling and resetting the alarms storage . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
2.7 MENU AND CONTENTS FOR DUAL–CAST MODULATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.7.1 Menus and contents for DVB–T/H version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
2.7.2 Menus and contents for analogue TV version . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 41
2.8 CHANGING THE DUAL–CAST MODULATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.9 CHANGING THE TRANSMISSION CHANNEL (FREQUENCY) . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.10 REGULATION OF RF OUTPUT POWER . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
2.11 CALIBRATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.11.1 Exciter Power Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.11.2 Transmitter Forward and Reflected Power Meter Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
2.11.3 I/Q modulator Calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
2.11.4 External ALC operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 66
2.12 DVB–T/H SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.12.1 Basic MFN operation start–up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.12.2 Basic SFN operation start–up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.12.3 MIP POWER CTRL function in SFN operation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 67
2.13 TV SETTINGS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
2.13.1 Using Audio Encoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
2.13.2 Internal Audio Coder set–up: stereo separation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
2.13.3 External Audio Coder set–up: Wide Band Audio Input set–up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
2.13.4 Using NICAM modulator with additional data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2.13.5 Using external NICAM coder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
2.14 SETTING PRECORRECTION TABLES OF THE PREC. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.14.1 Enabling/disabling precorrector circuit . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.14.2 Enabling/disabling a precorrector table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
2.14.3 Setting the operative range of a precorrection table . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 72
2.14.4 Setting a precorrection curve . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 73
LIST OF TABLES
Tab. 2.1 – Multimode Exciter front panel legend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Tab. 2.2 – Multimode Exciter Dual–cast version rear panel legend . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Tab. 2.3 – Multimode Exciter Dual–cast NICAM version rear panel legend . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Tab. 2.4 – Pin–out assignment of the PARALLEL I/O connector . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Tab. 2.5 – List of indications and symbols used on screen–shots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Tab. 2.6 – Alarms list of History Log . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58

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Fig. 2.1 – Multimode Exciter front panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Fig. 2.2 – Multimode Exciter Dual–cast version rear panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Fig. 2.3 – Multimode Exciter Dual–cast NICAM version rear panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Fig. 2.4 – Main menu screen–shot . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Fig. 2.5 – Screen–shot of an accessed menu . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Fig. 2.7 – GPS STATUS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 40
Fig. 2.8 – Exciter power calibration . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
Fig. 2.9 – Carrier Suppression (DVB–T/H mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Fig. 2.10 – Lower Side band Suppression (DVB–T/H mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Fig. 2.11 – Carrier Suppression (TV mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Fig. 2.12 – Sound carriers Suppression (TV mode) . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
Fig. 2.13 – Connecting MEX to an external stereo coder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Fig. 2.14 – NICAM modulator with additional data . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70
Fig. 2.15 – External NICAM encoder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 70

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CHAPTER 2: OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS
2.1 INTRODUCTION
This chapter describes the operative functions, controls and correct ways in which to use
MEX. The contents of the present chapter are arranged in paragraphs according to the fol-
lowing:
– 2.1: Introduction
– 2.2: Legend
– 2.3: Mains connection
– 2.4: Switching–on/off
– 2.5: Parallel I/O connector pin–out assignment
– 2.6: Using the controller
– 2.7: Menu and contents for dual–cast modulator
– 2.8: Changing the dual–cast modulator
– 2.9: Changing the transmission channel (frequency)
– 2.10: Regulation of RF output power
– 2.11: Calibrations
– 2.12: DVB–T/H settings
– 2.13: TV settings
– 2.14: Setting precorrection tables of the precorrector
2.2 LEGEND
The front panel of MEX is the same for all versions and Fig. 2.1 shows it; Tab. 2.1 refers to this
figure, each number of the table marks an indicator, a fuse or a connector located on the front
panels of the unit.
Fig. 2.2 shows the rear panel of MEX Dual cast, DVB–T and TV combined amplification
version, Tab. 2.2 refers to this figure, each number of the table marks an indicator, a fuse or a
connector located on the rear panels of the unit.
From now on, every reference to indicators, fuses or connectors is carried out by indicating
(between parentheses) the corresponding identification number with which is marked on
Fig. 2.1 and Fig. 2.2. A simple description of the function carried out is given for each number.

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1 2 3 4

START STOP
LOCAL REMOTE MAIN
ESCAPE
AUX
L.O.
ENTER
OK
MAINS
EXCITER
TRANSMITTER MASTER
STATUS
7 6 5
Fig. 2.1 – Multimode Exciter front panel
Tab. 2.1 – Multimode Exciter front panel legend (ref. Fig. 2.1)
No. LABEL FUNCTION
1 LCD display of the unit; displays information and data relevant to the
functioning of MEX.
2 START Push–button; it is active only if local functioning mode has been set.
Under this condition, it operates as follows:
if MEX operates only as exciter starts the unit;
if MEX operates as TX CTRL LOGIC starts TX.
When it has been pushed, the associated green led, lights up.
STOP Push–button; it is active only if local functioning mode has been set.
Under this condition, it operates as follows:
if MEX operates only as exciter switches–off the unit;
if MEX operates as TX CTRL LOGIC switches–off TX.
When it has been pushed, the associated red led, lights up.
LOCAL Push–button which allows local control of the equipment. When this
mode is selected, “START” and “STOP” push–buttons and the key-
board are enabled.
When it has been pushed, the associated yellow led, lights up.
REMOTE Push–button which allows remote control of the equipment. When
this mode is selected, “START” and “STOP” push–buttons and the
keyboard are disabled.
When it has been pushed, the associated green led, lights up.
3 Controller keyboard. It allows accessing the menu (listed on right–
hand side of the display) and setting the functioning parameters of
OK
MEX.
Accessing the menu and setting of the parameter is as follows:
– ”” and ”” arrows select the menu; once accessed the menu,
select the parameter to be changed; change the values of the
parameters inside a menu.
– ”” and ”” arrows allow scrolling the pages of each menu.
– “ENTER” key is used to enter the selected menu and to confirm
the setting carried out.
4 L.O. Monitor connector (BNC female); it allows monitoring the local oscil-
lator output signal.
MAIN Monitor connector (BNC female); it allows monitoring the RF output
signal of the unit when it is working as DVB–T exciter or TV exciter
in combined amplification.
5 MAINS Push–button; it is the power switch of the unit. The associated green
led is lit when the unit is switched–on.

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Tab. 2.1 – Multimode Exciter front panel legend (ref. Fig. 2.1)
No. LABEL FUNCTION
6 EXCITER Led indicator (green/red/yellow); indicates MEX status according to
the colours, as follows:
GREEN indicates MEX is delivering its nominal RF output power;
RED indicates a failure condition of MEX (no RF ouput power);
YELLOWindicates a warning condition of MEX (MEX is still working);
when MEX is in STOP condition (EXCITER RF OFF).
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
OFF
TRANSMITTER Led indicator (green/red/yellow); it is active only when MEX operates
also as control logic of the transmitter where it is housed (MASTER
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
led is lit). According to the colour, it shows the transmitter status, as
follows:
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
GREEN
RED
indicates the transmitter is delivering its nominal RF output
power;
indicates a failure condition of the transmitter (no RF ouput
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ power);
YELLOWindicates a warning condition of the transmitter (transmitter is
still working);
OFF when the transmitter is in STOP condition or when MEX does
not operate as transmitter control logic (MASTER led is ’off’).
MASTER Led indicator (green); indicates MEX is operating also as control logic
of the transmitter where it is housed.
The led blinks during the warm–up period (approx. 30sec.; at MEX
ÁÁÁÁ
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
swicthing–on); within this time interval all alarms are inhibited.
ÁÁÁÁ
7
ÁÁÁÁÁÁÁ
ESCAPE Push–button; it allows to quit from the current menu.

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7
GPS AERIAL
RF OUT
AUX
PUSH PUSH PUSH PUSH
OUT
PARALLEL I/O RS 485 RS 232
ETHERNET
LINE GENERAL TX 10/100
I2C
12 11 10 9 8
Fig. 2.2 – Multimode Exciter Dual–cast version rear panel
Tab. 2.2 – Multimode Exciter Dual–cast version rear panel legend (ref. Fig. 2.2)
No. LABEL FUNCTION
1 RF OUT Connector (N female); RF signal output of MEX.
2 AUX OUT NOT USED.
3 Fan; it provides the forced cooling air to the unit.
4 TV MODULATOR INPUTS Set of 4 connectors; they are the input of the programs for TV modula-
tor:
– AUDIO 1/2 Connectors (CANNON, 3 pin female); they
are the inputs for audio 1/2 signals.
– VIDEO 1/2 Connectors (BNC, female); they are the
inputs for video 1/2 signals.
5 10MHz IN/OUT Connectors (BNC female); input/output of 10MHz reference signal.
6 1PPS IN/OUT Connectors (BNC female); input/output of external 1 pulse per
second signal.
7 GPS AERIAL Connector (N female); it is the GPS Receiver input from antenna.
USED ONLY IF GPS RECEIVER IS PRESENT.
8 REMOTE INTERFACES Set of 6 connectors; they are the remote interfaces connectors:
– PARALLEL I/O Connector (25 pin female); it is the parallel
interface connector outwards.
– RS485 Connector (9 pin female); it allows the con-
nection via an RS485 serial line.
When MEX is operating as transmitter CTRL
logic , it works as communication master.
When MEX is operating as exciter, it works
as communication slave.
nection via an RS232 serial line by external
RS232 master applications.
– I2C Connector (9 pin female); it allows the con-
nection via an I2C bus to slave peripherals.
– GENERAL TX Connector (37 pin female); it is the parallel
interface connector towards the transmitter
units.
– ETHERNET 10/100 Connector (RJ45); it allows ethernet control
and monitoring over TCP/IP.

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Tab. 2.2 – Multimode Exciter Dual–cast version rear panel legend (ref. Fig. 2.2)
No. LABEL FUNCTION
9 RF MEASUREMENTS Set of 4 input connectors:
INPUTS
– FWD Connector (N female; 50W/0dBm; +3/–7dBm); input
connector of the forward power signal outgoing from
an external directional coupler (for the relevant
measurement displayed on the front panel display).
– FWD (AUX) NOT USED
– RFL Connector (BNC female; 50W/0dBm; +3/–7dBm);
input connector of the reflected power signal outgo-
ing from an external directional coupler (for the rele-
vant measurement displayed on the front panel dis-
play).
– RFL (AUX) NOT USED
10 DVB-T MODULATOR Set of 4 connectors; they are the inputs connectors of the DVB–T
INPUTS modulator:
– ASI1/2/3/4 Connector (BNC female); DVB serial type MPEG2
Transport Stream inputs.
For non–hierarchical mode only ASI 1 and ASI 2 are
active.
11 Grounding screw of MEX frame.
12 LINE Line socket.

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8
GPS AERIAL
RF OUT
AUX
PUSH PUSH PUSH PUSH
OUT
PARALLEL I/O RS 485 RS 232
ETHERNET
LINE GENERAL TX 10/100
I2C
13 12 11 10 9
Fig. 2.3 – Multimode Exciter Dual–cast NICAM version rear panel
Tab. 2.3 – Multimode Exciter Dual–cast NICAM version rear panel legend (ref. Fig. 2.3)
No. LABEL FUNCTION
1 RF OUT Connector (N female); RF signal output of MEX.
2 AUX OUT NOT USED.
3 Fan; it provides the forced cooling air to the unit.
4 TV MODULATOR INPUTS Set of 4 connectors; they are the input of the programs for TV modula-
tor:
are the inputs for audio 1/2 signals.
– VIDEO 1/2 Connectors (BNC, female); they are the
inputs for video 1/2 signals.
5 10MHz IN/OUT Connectors (BNC female); input/output of 10MHz reference signal.
6 1PPS IN/OUT Connectors (BNC female); input/output of external 1 pulse per
second signal.
7 NICAM INPUTS/OUT- Set of 6 connectors; they are the inputs/outputs for the NICAM coder
PUTS modulator:
– 38.9MHZ Connector (BNC, female); it is the output of
38.9MHz frequency available for the use of
an external NICAM coder.
– AD0...AD10 Connector (BNC, female); it is the input of
auxiliary data or for data in MONO+DATA/DATA
coder setting.
– CLOCK Connector (BNC, female); it is the input/out-
put connector (selectable) of an external
clock for sampling an external NICAM coder
data.
– DATA Connector (BNC, female); it is the input of
the external NICAM data signal for modulat-
ing the output carrier or it is the sync signal
output in MONO+DATA/DATA coder setting.
are the inputs for analogue audio 1/2 signals.
8 GPS AERIAL Connector (N female); it is the GPS Receiver input from antenna.
USED ONLY IF GPS RECEIVER IS PRESENT.

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Tab. 2.3 – Multimode Exciter Dual–cast NICAM version rear panel legend (ref. Fig. 2.3)
No. LABEL FUNCTION
9 REMOTE INTERFACES Set of 6 connectors; they are the remote interfaces connectors:
– PARALLEL I/O Connector (25 pin female); it is the parallel
interface connector outwards.
nection via an RS485 serial line.
When MEX is operating as transmitter CTRL
logic , it works as communication master.
When MEX is operating as exciter, it works
as communication slave.
nection via an RS232 serial line by external
RS232 master applications.
– I2C Connector (9 pin female); it allows the con-
nection via an I2C bus to slave peripherals.
– GENERAL TX Connector (37 pin female); it is the parallel
interface connector towards the transmitter
units.
– ETHERNET 10/100 Connector (RJ45); it allows ethernet control
and monitoring over TCP/IP.
10 RF MEASUREMENTS Set of 4 input connectors:
INPUTS
– FWD Connector (N female; 50W/0dBm; +3/–7dBm); input
connector of the forward power signal outgoing from
an external directional coupler (for the relevant
measurement displayed on the front panel display).
– FWD (AUX) NOT USED
– RFL Connector (BNC female; 50W/0dBm; +3/–7dBm);
input connector of the reflected power signal outgo-
ing from an external directional coupler (for the rele-
vant measurement displayed on the front panel dis-
play).
– RFL (AUX) NOT USED.
11 DVB-T MODULATOR Set of 4 connectors; they are the inputs connectors of the DVB–T
INPUTS modulator:
– ASI1/2/3/4 Connector (BNC female); DVB serial type MPEG2
Transport Stream inputs.
For non–hierarchical mode only ASI 1 and ASI 2 are
active.
12 Grounding screw of MEX frame.
13 LINE Line socket.

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2.3 MAINS CONNECTION

The unit is connected to the mains by means of line socket ([12] on Fig. 2.2) located on rear
panel. The mains must have the following characteristics:
230 Vac 10 %, 50/60 Hz.
A suitable external protection must be used with a maximum current of 6A.
2.4 SWITCHING ON/OFF

The unit is switched on by pressing the power switch ([1] on Fig. 2.1) located on the front
panel; the associated green led lights up.
2.5 PARALLEL I/O CONNECTOR PIN–OUT ASSIGNMENT

All the main functions of the unit can be remote controlled via PARALLEL I/O connector ([9] on
Fig. 2.2) located on unit rear panel. This remote control can be performed by means of free
contacts (open/closed), managed by relay line. The pin–out assignment is listed in the follow-
ing Tab. 2.4.
Tab. 2.4 – Pin–out assignment of the PARALLEL I/O connector

PIN FUNZIONE PIN FUNZIONE
1 COMMON TLS 14 RF OFF (TLC)
2 +24V REM. 15 NOT USED
3 RF OFF . (TLS) 16 RESET (TLC)
4 RF ON . (TLS) 17 EXT. INTERLOCK (TLC)
5 +24V EXT. 18 RF ON (TLC)
6 MONO/STEREO (TLS) 19 COMMON TLC
7 NOT USED 20 NOT USED
8 FAULT (TLS) 21 REMOTE (TLS)
9 NOT USED 22 LOCAL (TLS)
10 COMMON PIN 23 23 POWERED (TLS)
11 NOT USED 24 NOT POWERED (TLS)
12 NOT USED 25 NORMAL (TLS)
13 TEST CONNECTOR TLS
2.6 USING THE CONTROLLER

The controller allows monitoring and/or setting the functioning parameters of MEX. For the
purpose several menus are available to the operator who can access them by the keyboard
on unit front panel ([3] on Fig. 2.1). The controller can be used both locally (by means of the
relevant keyboard,[3] on Fig. 2.1) or remotely by a supervisory software.

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2.6.1 Keyboard functions

Accessing the menu and setting of the parameter is as follows:
”” and ”” arrows of the keyboard select the menu; once accessed the menu, select the
parameter to be changed; change the values of the parameters inside a menu.
”” and ”” arrows of the keyboard allow scrolling the pages of each menu.
In the editing mode (set–up of a parameter) allow selecting the digit to be changed.
“ENTER” key is used to enter the selected menu (pointers will blink). A confirmation of the
setting carried out, is required.
If no setting is performed within about 10 sec, the controller exits from the editing mode.
“ESCAPE” push–button allows to quit from the current menu.
KEEP IN MIND THAT:

if the parameter to be set is numerical, select the digit to be changed by means of
”” and ”” arrows of the keyboard ; the current digit is underscored; ”” arrow increases
the value, ”” arrow decreases the value. Confirm the setting by pressing ”ENTER”.
The controller will display: ARE YOU SURE?
Press ”” arrow (YES) for confirmation or ”” arrow (NO) in order to cancel the setting.
For non–numerical parameters (or better for the ones which have a limited number of
options, also numerical) ”” and ”” arrows change directly to next option.
If no key is pressed within about 10 sec, the settings will be cancelled.

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2.6.2 Indications and symbols used on screen–shots

Here below a list of the indications and symbols used on the screen–shots of the menu, is
given along with a short explanation.
Tab. 2.5 – List of indications and symbols used on screen–shots

symbol meaning
Located on both sides of the accessed menu, indicate the presence of
other pages accessible by using the relevant arrows (right/left) of the key-
board.
It indicates that the selected menu has been accessed.
or Located inside the page of an accessed menu, indicate the parameter
selected:
– indicates an editable parameter
– indicates a non–editable parameter (only reading)
N.B.: a parameter may be editable under certain conditions and non–edit-
able under other conditions.
M MASTER exciter symbol; it is displayed when MEX operates as transmit-
ter control logic.
Alarm symbol:
within an accessed menu, it indicates the different pages (ALARMs)
sideways menu list (on the right), it indicates an ALARM condition
occurred for one of the parameters included in menu.
Information symbol:
within an accessed menu, it indicates the different pages (WARNINGs)
sideways menu list (on the right), it indicates an anomalous condition
occurred for one of the parameters included in menu (WARNING).
This symbol indicates menu pages with editable parameters.
This symbol is displayed only on “FACTORY SET” menu pages relevant
to the settings performed in factory.
“FACTORY” menu may be accessed, but it is protected by password and
no modification is allowed.
“Exciter on air” symbol; it is displayed when both the following conditions
are true:
– transmitter is endowed with dual–exciter configuration;
– MEX has been set “on air”.
Under these conditions the exciter is on air but switched–off.
Exciter on air symbol; it is displayed when both the following conditions are
true:
– transmitter is endowed with dual–exciter configuration;
– MEX has been set “on air”.
Under these conditions the exciter is on air and is switched–on.
The horizontal bars are running.
Remote connection symbol; it is displayed when MEX is connected to an
ESS supervisory system (via RS232 connector on unit rear panel).
Ethernet symbol; it is displayed when MEX is provided with an ethernet
board and TCP/IP server is running.

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2.6.3 Typographical Convections

Form now on, throughout this manual the commands that you have to execute will be shown
in Courier type, the commands on keyboard are referred [between parentheses]: when
you are instructed to execute a command on a menu or a series of submenus, the menu path
is illustrated by “ > “ as follows:
arrow of button of arrow of button of

keyboard menu keyboard keyboard submenu keyboard
(selection) (selected) (enter) (selection) (selected) (enter)
– [] MODULATOR > [ENTER] > [] SET (EXCITER) > [ENTER] >
[ or ] TV or DVB–T > []
arrows of arrows of
keyboard keyboard
(selection) (changing
confirmation)

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2.6.4 General information on data displaying

At the switching–on MEX displays the main menu shown on Fig. 2.4.
current indication of the broadcast- the pointer shows

menu ing operating mode (pre- the menu selected
sent on all screen–shot) by means of the rele-
vant arrows keys.
the first two symbols

TX LOGIC DVB M are displayed only with
0% 50% 100% TX & HPA dual–exciter configura-
EXCITER tion; the second ones
FORWARD 0 W are always present.
HISTORY
H.P. INPUT See Tab. 2.5
REFLECTED 0 W L.P. INPUT
DVB NET if MEX does not operate
MODULAT. as TX control logic, this
PRECORR. menu is not available
TRANSMITTER STOP SYNTHES. and is replaced by a
START TX OFF REFEREN. white bar
EX.RF OUT
EXCITER RF OFF DETAILS
FACTORY
list of the available
menu
FORWARD REFLECTED EXC RF OUT
0W 0W 0.0W
indications present on all screen–shots.

It is possible to chose the following indications: indication of exciter
– TX forward/reflected output power RF output power
– channel/frequency (on all screen–shot)
– I2c test
Fig. 2.4 – Main menu screen–shot
A selected menu can be accessed by pushing “ENTER” key ([3] on Fig. 2.1); the menu
accessed is shown by a marker (see Fig. 2.5).
indicates the current indication of a menu composed by
page (STATUS) of more than one page; different pages
the selected menu are selected by the relevant arrows
(EXCITER) (right/left) of the keyboard
see
STATUS M
Tab. 2.5
HP INPUT NORMAL 188 TX & HPA
HP IN USE INPUT2 EXCITER
HISTORY
LP INPUT NORMAL 188 H.P. INPUT indication
LP IN USE INPUT2 L.P. INPUT of menu
DVB NET accessed
DVB NET NORMAL
MODULATOR NORMAL MODULAT.
PRECORR.
PRECORRECTOR NORMAL SYNTHES. indicates that
SYNTHESIZER NORMAL REFEREN. an alarm has
occurred on
REFERENCE INTERNAL EX.RF OUT
relevant item
GPS LOCKED DETAILS
FACTORY
EXC. RF OUT NORMAL
CHANNEL FREQUENCY EXC RF OUT
26 514000000Hz 0.0W
available pages for indication of parameter selected (editable).

the current menu Parameters are selected by the relevant
(EXC. STATUS) arrows (up/down) of the keyboard
indication of exciter
indication of the current indication of the current RF output power
transmission channel transmission frequency (on all screen–shot)
(on all screen–shot) (on all screen–shot)
Fig. 2.5 – Screen–shot of an accessed menu

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2.6.5 Enabling and resetting the alarms storage
Within menus there are and pages used respectively for alarms and warnings.
A checkbox is present on right side of each alarm and warning event along with a counter
which stores the occurrence of the event.
Only if the alarm/warning is enabled (“” mark present in the checkbox) it will be stored in the
history and the related counter will be increased when that alarm/warning will occur.
Enabling alarms/warning events
1. Select the menu pages required, by ”” and ”” arrows of the keyboard.
2. Select alarm/warning, by ”” and ”” arrows of the keyboard.
3. Press “ENTER” button of the keyboard and select ”EN” by ”” and ”” arrows of the
keyboard.
4. Press “ENTER” button again. mark will appear in the checkbox to indicate the
alarm/warning enabling.
Disabling alarms/warning events
3. Press “ENTER” button of the keyboard and select ”DS” by ”” and ”” arrows of the
keyboard.
4. Press “ENTER” button again. The checkbox will appear empty (without “” mark)
to indicate the alarm/warning disabling.
Resetting alarms/warning counter
3. Press “ENTER” button of the keyboard : “RS” will be diplayed.
4. Press “ENTER” button again to reset the counter.

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2.7 MENU AND CONTENTS FOR DUAL–CAST MODULATOR

This paragraph gives information on controller menu and their contents, available to the oper-
ator in order to set–up MEX for operating. The paragraph is divided as follows:
2.7.1 Menus and contents for DVB–T/H version
2.7.2 Menus and contents for analogue TV version
The contents of the menus available on the controller are listed hereafter as a table; in this
table the first column (on the left) is the menu, the second column is the explanation of the
menu with a brief description.
2.7.1 Menus and contents for DVB–T/H version
TX & HPA
(menu available only if MEX has been set to operate also as TX Control Logic)
(see FACTORY menu)
TRANSMITTER displays the command which has been sent by the relevant
push–button on MEX front panel (STAT/STOP)
START TX displays the status of of the transmitter (ON/OFF) (i.e: the
START command for transmitter may be sent, but the transmit-
ter may be OFF due to the intervention of a protection circuit).
EXCITER RF allows switching–on/off MEX. With this command it is possible
to have the transmitter OFF and only MEX switched –on.
–GENERAL STATUS–
POWER OUT displays the status of transmitter output (NORMAL/LOW).
REFLECTED displays presence (HIGH) or absence (NORMAL) of reflected
power at transmitter output.
MAINS displays presence (ACK) or absence (NOT ACK) of the mains
supply voltage.
OVERLOAD displays presence (NOT ACK) or absence (ACK) of an overload
condition.
EXT. INT. LOCK displays the status of the interlock chain (OPEN/CLOSED)
TRIPLOCK OUT displays presence (PRESENT) or absence (ABSENT) of the
triplockout status.
If HIGH REFLECTED power alarm occurs, exciter cut–off the output
NOTE power and then tries to restart for three times. If after the third attempt
high reflected power is still present, exciter stops definitively (TRI-
PLOCKOUT status).
To restart the transmission it is necessary to eliminate the problem and
to reset the system by means of RESET TRIPLOCKOUT command
(see the next command).
RESET TRIPLOCKOUT allows resetting TRIPLOCKOUT status, exciter hardware, fans
( RESET TX) change–over.
–CCOLING STATUS–
AMBIENT TEMP displays the ambient temperature (oC).
UNBAL LOAD displays the status of the connection of the unbalance loads of
the output combiner (ACK/NOT ACK)
FAN 1 displays the status (IN USE/STANDBY) of FAN 1.

Alarm threshold:
TX FORWARD allows setting the alarm threshold (dB) of TX forward power
(from XX to XXdB, in 1dB steps).
TX REFLECT. allows setting the alarm threshold (dB) of TX reflected power
(from –XX to –XXdB, in 1dB steps).

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2 EXC
SWITCH OVER allows setting manual (MANUAL) or automatic (AUTO) switch–
over of dual–exciter configuration.
The parameter is editable only if dual–exciter configuration has
been set (see FACTORY menu).
SET ON AIR allows setting EXCITER A or B on air.
RF EXCITER A allows switching–on/off EXCITER A.
RF EXCITER B allows switching–on/off EXCITER B.
RESET SYSTEM allows resetting the dual–exciter configuration by restoring the
settings before the switch–over.
As far as dual–exciter configuration is concerned, the logics on board
NOTE of MEX units, have to be considered as master (on board of exc. “A”)
and slave (on board of exc. “B”).
In the event of a mains supply lack (or a CPU failure), of master logic
(exc.”A”), the change–over between master logic (exc.”A”) and slave
logic (exc.”B”) is always automatic.
The logic currently in use (master) is identified by an “M” on its display
(sse Fig. 2.5 and Tab. 2.5) and by the relevant green led on front panel.
All operations concerning manual set–up of dual–exciter configuration
(set on air “A” or “B”) must be carried out on the exciter operating cur-
rently as master.
In order to restore the configuration after a change–over, execute a
“RESET SYSTEM” on exc.”B” (reserve exciter).
HPA
NOTE This menu is absent on 25Wrms /50Wrms /100Wrms units.
HPA 1 NORMAL displays presence and status (NORMAL/FAULT/NO ANSWER)

HPA 2 FAULT
HPA 3 NO ANSWER of the amplifiers modules. The amplifiers absent are identified
HPA 4 NORMAL by “__ __ __”.
HPA 5 NORMAL
HPA 6 NORMAL “NO ANSWER” indicates the lack of connection between mod-
HPA 7 NORMAL ule and MEX.
HPA 8 NORMAL
HPA 9 __ __ __ The menu includes four pages showing information on each
HPA 10 __ __ __ amplifier module. The pages are accessed by ”” and ””
arrows of the keyboard. The contents of each page are as fol-
lows:
FIRST PAGE displays a block diagram of the amplifier module selected with
H.SINK information about its operating conditions. The following infor-
0C
0.00A mation is dispalyed:
REFL
0.00A 0
Watt
– current absorption (A) of the stages (pre–driver, driver, final);
– forward and reflected output power (W);
0.00A
0.00A POUT
0
– input power (mW),
Watt – final stages heatsink temperature (oC).
Input
0mW
0.00A
. Block diagram and number of the stages, depend
on the amplifier units used.
SECOND PAGE displays type of HPA used, current absorptions and status of
each stage.
UHF – W692D
On the right of the measures it is indicated, by a “” mark, if the
PDRV 0.00A
OK

1Tr Max 2Tr
stage works normally (0 – Ok) or if a fault occurs and, in this
DRV 0.00A event, the kind of fault, according to the following indications:
FNL1 0.00A
FNL2 0.00A

1 Tr: one transistor of the relative amplifier stage is faulty;
FNL3 0.00A Max: maximum current absorption;
2 Tr: two transistors of the relative amp. stage are faulty.

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THIRD PAGE displays general information on the functioning of HPA:

Interlock CLOSED “ “ shows presence of TLS/TLC,
Module INSERTED
VSWR MAX “
“ shows absence of TLS/TLC,
Overdrive ABSENT
Ext. OnOff ACK. InterLock: indicates the interlock chain is closed and the supply
T. Inhibit ABSENT voltage for the module amplifier stages is present;
P. Supply NORMAL
PS Idc NORMAL Module: indicates the amplifier module is properly housed in
PS Crowbar NORMAL the mainframe;
PS Enable OFF Overdrive: indicates an RF input power level outside the
RS485 Comm. ABSENT
allowed range;
External On–Off: NOT USED
T. Inhibit: indicates the RF signal processing is interrupted,
because one of the next fault is present: Insertion module,
Insertion cable, VSWR, Overdrive, Overtemperature;
P. Supply: indicates the module power supply is ok or faulty;
PS Idc: indicates the maximum current absorption from the
power supply.
PS Crowbar: indicates the power supply crowbar is not fired;
PS Enable: indicates the DC/DC Converter (power supply of
HPA) is enabled.
RS485 Comm.: indicates presence/absence of data commu-
nication on RS485 connection between transmitter contro logic
and HPA.
FOURTH PAGE displays further information on gain, RF output and Power Sup-
Gain 00dB plies status:
Input Power 0mW Gain: displays gain of HPA
Output Power 00W Input Power: displays measurement of HPA input power;
Reflected 0W
Output Power: displays measurement of HPA output power;
Heat sink 0oC Reflected: displays measurement of HPA reflected power;
V Amplifier 0.0V Heat Sink: displays temperature of the final stages heat sink;
V Service 0.0V V Amplifier: displays the measurement of the power supply
voltage of the final stages;
V Service): displays the measurements of the power supply
voltage of HPA logic section;
EXCITER
STATUS
The exciter STATUS is determined by all alarms and warnings in the
NOTE modules menu pages indicated respectively by and sym-
bols.
For instance the MODULATOR module is in FAULT status if one or
more of the following alarms are active: FPGA, PRECORRECT., DAC,
SYNTH 36 M, SYNTH 108 M, BAND WIDTH, DLL.
If an alarm of a module is disabled (details on paragraph 2.6.5) it
doesn’t contribute to determine the STATUS of that module.
HP INPUT displays the status of the HP input in use:
– NORMAL 188
– NORMAL 204
– ABSENT
– UNLOCK
– PAT ERROR
– UNKNOWN
– OVERFLOW
– UNDERFLOW
HP IN USE displays current HP input in use
LP INPUT displays the status of the LP input in use:
– NORMAL 188
– NORMAL 204
– ABSENT
– UNLOCK
– PAT ERROR
– UNKNOWN
– OVERFLOW
– UNDERFLOW
LP IN USE displays current LP input in use

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DVB NET displays network type in use (SFN or MFN) and its status
(NORMAL, DELAY ERROR, MIP ERROR)
MODULATOR displays the status of the modulator:
– NORMAL
– FAULT
– WARNING
– WRONG BANDWIDTH
– WRONG STANDARD
PRECORRECTOR displays the precorrector status:
– NORMAL
– NO TABLE
– WARNING
– IN PROGRESS
SYNTHESIZER displays the synthesizer status (NORMAL or FAULT)
REFERENCE displays the reference frequency status:
– UNKNOWN
– INTERNAL
– EXTERNAL
– FAULT
– LOCK
– HOLD
– LOCK. H
– COLD OVEN
GPS displays if the GPS board is installed and its status:
– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
EXC. RF OUT displays the status of the exciter RF output (LOW, NORMAL)
I2C MODULES displays the communication status of I2C (1, 2, 3, 4, 5); if the
communication relevant to a module is absent a X is displayed.
The modules are called respectively:
1: synthesizer
2: dig. modulator
3 internal GPS
4: NICAM (TV mode)
5: external GPS
OPERAT. MODE allows setting the operating mode of MEX (LOCAL/REMOTE).

The new setting must be confirmed.
Exc. elapsed time: displays the working hours of MEX
HOURS
Preferences: allows selecting the parameters to be displayed on the status
bar (on the bottom of display). It is possible displaying: TX
STATUS BAR power, Channel with the relevant frequency and I2C Test (only
for factory test). The new setting must be confirmed.
At MEX switching–on, the default diaplyed parameters are:
NOTE
channel, freq. and exciter RF out pwr if MEX operates as
exciter;
TX fwd/rfl out pwr and exc. RF out pwr if MEX operates as TX
CTRL logic;

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 21 74
Exc. Settings backup

Save as backup allows saving the current settings of the parameters (i.e.: when
you want change some of them for testing MEX and then you
want to restore the previous settings). The new setting must be
confirmed.
Restore Backup allows restoring the previous settings saved as backup. The
new setting must be confirmed.
Restore Default allows restoring the default settings.
RTC Settings: Real Time Clock

SECOND sets the value of the field “second”
MINUTE sets the value of the field “minute”
HOUR sets the value of the field “hour”
DAY sets the value of the field “day”
MONTH sets the value of the field “month”
YEAR sets the value of the field “year”
HISTORY
Log disabled: displays the number of alarms disabled (NONE, 1, 2, 3....).
See details on paragraph 2.6.5.
TX & HPA allows displaying the mask of the alarms relevant to transmitter
and amplifiers module. The mask displays: time, date, number
of alarms occurred, description of the alarm, time of alarm
occurring, alarm code. Memory is FIFO type, size 1107.
EXCITER allows displaying the mask of the alarms relevant to exciter. The
mask displays: time, date, number of alarms occurred, descrip-
tion of the alarm, time of alarm occurring, alarm code. Memory
is FIFO type, size 3471.
Reset History resets all stored alarms
Set All Disable disables all counters, alarms and warnings
Set All Enable enables all counters, alarms and warnings
Reset Counters resets all counters
Restore Log Config. restores the saved Log. Configuration
Save Log Config. save the current settings for alarms and warnings
IH.P. NPUT
HP INPUT: displays the status of the HP Input in use:

– NORMAL 188
– NORMAL 204
– MISMATCH
– UNLOCK
– PAT ERROR
– UNKNOWN
– OVERFLOW
– UNDERFLOW
In use: displays input selected with the highest priority
(INPUT1/INPUT2)
INPUT SEL. sets the input (INPUT1 or INPUT2) with the highest priority.

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SEL. MODE selects operating mode as follows:

– MANUAL . . . . . . exciter uses only the highest priority input and
no automatic switching is possible.
– AUTO . . . . . . . . . when both input 1 and input 2 are locked, the
exciter uses the highest priority input. When
there is a fault in this input, the exciter switches
automatically on the other input after a delay
set in C. OVER DELAY.
The switching is SEAMLESS if:
1) the inputs transport streams are identical;
2) the delay between the two streams is less
than 1 second
3) SFN operation selected
4) change–over delay set to 0
5) the two inputs are locked at least from 15
sec.
If conditions 1, 2 and 3 are not satisfied the
switching is NEAR SEAMLESS
C. OVER DELAY sets delay time (from 0 to 2500s) between fault detection on the
input and exchange onto reserve input.
LOCK AFTER sets the packet number for the locking (5 to 15)
LOSS AFTER sets the packet number for the loss (1 to 15)
HP INPUT: displays the status of the input in use

– NORMAL 188
– NORMAL 204
– MISMATCH
– UNLOCK
– PAT ERROR
– UNKNOWN
– OVERFLOW
– UNDERFLOW
In use: displays the current input (INPUT1 or INPUT2)
LOCK1 ALARM if input 1 is unlocked (UNLOCK status)
PAT ALARM if the input transport stream does not have PAT (PAT
ERROR status).
MISMATCH ALARM (ALARM status) if, in SFN and hierarchical mode
operations, H.P. and L.P. inputs are connected in a wrong
sequence (i.e.: H.P. on L.P. and viceversa).
DEJITTERING allows enabling (ON) or disabling (OFF) the dejittering function
of input 1. Normally it should be set to OFF. In presence of high
frequency input jitter, this function may be enabled to improve
the exciter performances.
HP INPUT: displays the status of the input in use

– NORMAL 188
– NORMAL 204
– MISMATCH
– UNLOCK
– PAT ERROR
– UNKNOWN
– OVERFLOW
– UNDERFLOW
In use displays the current input (INPUT1 or INPUT2)
FIFO1 EMPTY WARNING if input 1 buffer is empty (UNDERFLOW status)
FIFO1 FULL WARNING if input 1 buffer is full (OVERFLOW status)

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 23 74
L.P. INPUT
LP INPUT: displays the status of the LP Input in use:

– NORMAL 188
– NORMAL 204
– MISMATCH
– UNLOCK
– PAT ERROR
– UNKNOWN
– OVERFLOW
– UNDERFLOW
In use: displays input selected with the highest priority
(INPUT1/INPUT2)
INPUT SEL. sets the input (INPUT1 or INPUT2) with the highest priority.
SEL. MODE selects operating mode as follows:
no automatic switching is possible.
– AUTO . . . . . . . . . when both input 1 and input 2 are locked, the
exciter uses the highest priority input. When
there is a fault in this input, the exciter switches
automatically on the other input after a delay
set in C. OVER DELAY.
The switching is SEAMLESS if:
1) the inputs transport streams are identical;
2) the delay between the two streams is less
than 1 second
3) SFN operation selected
4) change–over delay set to 0
5) the two inputs are locked at least from 15
sec.
If conditions 1, 2 and 3 are not satisfied the
switching is NEAR SEAMLESS
C. OVER DELAY sets delay time (from 0 to 2500s) between fault detection on the
input and exchange onto reserve input.
LOCK AFTER sets the packet number for the locking (5 to 15)
LOSS AFTER sets the packet number for the loss (1 to 15)
LP INPUT: displays the status of the input in use

– NORMAL 188
– NORMAL 204
– MISMATCH
– UNLOCK
– PAT ERROR
– UNKNOWN
– OVERFLOW
– UNDERFLOW
In use: displays the current input (INPUT1 or INPUT2)
PAT ALARM if the input transport stream does not have PAT (PAT
ERROR status).
MISMATCH ALARM (ALARM status) if, in SFN and hierarchical mode
operations, H.P. and L.P. inputs are connected in a wrong
sequence (i.e.: H.P. on L.P. and viceversa).
DEJITTERING allows enabling (ON) or disabling (OFF) the dejittering function
of input 1. Normally it should be set to OFF. In presence of high
frequency input jitter, this function may be enabled to improve
the exciter performances.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 24 74
LP INPUT: displays the status of the input in use

– NORMAL 188
– NORMAL 204
– MISMATCH
– UNLOCK
– PAT ERROR
– UNKNOWN
– OVERFLOW
– UNDERFLOW
In use displays the current input (INPUT1 or INPUT2)
DVB NET
SFN
Network displays type (MFN/SFN) and status (NORMAL/DELAY
ERROR/MIP ERROR/WARNING) of the network.
Information of this page is referred to SFN operation only
Time Offset:
HP displays the value (ns) of the “time offset” relevant to HP input,
extracted from the MIP (for detail see TS 101–191 standards)
LP displays the value (ns) of the “time offset” relevant to LP input,
extracted from the MIP (for detail see TS 101–191 standards)
Delay:
HP DYN. displays the current value (ns) of the “dynamic delay” relevant
to HP input.
LP DYN. displays the current value (ns) of the “dynamic delay” relevant
to LP input.
STATIC sets the static delay value from –838860800ns to
+838860700ns.
HP TOT displays the total delay value relevant to HP input:
TOT DEL = STATIC DEL + DYNAMIC DEL + TIME OFFSET – ELABORATION
DEL
“ELABORATION DEL” is the transit time of the signal inside the
exciter.
LP TOT displays the total delay value relevant to LP input:
TOT DEL = STATIC DEL + DYNAMIC DEL + TIME OFFSET – ELABORATION
DEL
“ELABORATION DEL” is the transit time of the signal inside the
exciter.
TIME OFFSET ENABLEs/DISABLEs the time offset in SFN operations.

DYNAM. DELAY ENABLEs/DISABLEs the dynamic delay in SFN operations.
STATIC DELAY ENABLEs/DISABLEs the static delay in SFN operations.
TX IDENTIFIER sets TXs identifier from 1 to 65535. TX ID is used for extracting
the following information from the MIP:
– TIME OFFSET
– FREQUENCY OFFSET
– POWER CONTROL
(for detail see TS 101–191 standards)
CELL ID LOCAL allows settings a value for CELL ID from 0 to 65535
(for detail see EN 300–744 standards)
CELL ID MIP displays the CELL ID extracted from the MIP
(for detail see TS 101–191 standards)

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CELL ID SOURCE allows the selection of the CELL ID transmitted:

– LOCAL CELL ID LOCAL value
– MIP CELL ID MIP value
NETWORK TYPE sets SFN or MFN network
DVB–H
SOURCE allows the selection of the DVB–H flags transmitted: LOCAL or
MIP source.
LOCAL HP T. SLICE enables (ON) disables (OFF) the TIME SLICE flag for H.P.
transport stream
MPE FEC enables (ON) disables (OFF) the MPE FEC flag for H.P. trans-
port stream
LP T. SLICE enables (ON) disables (OFF) the TIME SLICE flag for L.P.
transport stream
MPE FEC enables (ON) disables (OFF) the MPE FEC flag for L.P. trans-
port stream
MIP HP T. SLICE displays if the relevant flag in the H.P. MIP is enabled (ON) or
disabled (OFF).
MPE FEC displays if the relevant flag in the H.P. MIP is enabled (ON) or
disabled (OFF).
LP T. SLICE displays if the relevant flag in the L.P. MIP is enabled (ON) or
disabled (OFF).
MPE FEC displays if the relevant flag in the L.P. MIP is enabled (ON) or
disabled (OFF).

HP MIP ALARM if the MIP is absent in the HP input transport stream
(MIP ERROR status)
DELAY ALARM if the total delay inserted in the HP input is less than 0
(DELAY ERROR status)
D. CHANGE ALARM if the total delay inserted in the HP input changes.
MIP CRC ALARM if a MIP CRC error occurred in the HP input transport
stream (MIP ERROR status)
LP MIP ALARM if the MIP is absent in the LP input transport stream
(MIP ERROR status)
DELAY ALARM if the total delay inserted in the LP input is less than 0
(DELAY ERROR status)
D. CHANGE ALARM if the total delay inserted in the LP input changes.
MIP CRC ALARM if a MIP CRC error occurred in the LP input transport
stream (MIP ERROR status)

1PPS ALARM if 1PPS signal is absent (DELAY ERROR status)
10MHZ/1PPS ALARM if 10MHz frequency reference or 1PPS timing reference
accuracy are not correct (DELAY ERROR status)
The allowed range is (107–1) < 10MHz/1PPS < (107+1)


D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 26 74
H.P./L.P. MIP displays any incoherence (WARNING status) may occur bet-
incoherence warnings weeen HP and LP inputs when different SFN network adapter
are used (i.e.: H.P. and L.P. MIPs have different settings)
MAX DELAY WARNING about max delay incoherence in SFN operations
(WARNING status).
POWER CONTROL WARNING about RF output power control in SFN operations
(WARNING status).
TIME OFFSET WARNING about time offset incoherence in SFN operations
(WARNING status).
FREQ. OFFSET WARNING about frequency offset incoherence in SFN opera-
tions (WARNING status).
CELL ID WARNING about CELL ID incoherence in SFN operations
(WARNING status).
MODULATOR
TPS
Modulator displays status and the actual TPS of the modulator. The status
may be:
– NORMAL
– FAULT
– WARNING
– WRONG BANDWIDTH
– WRONG STANDARD
FFT selects 8K,4K or 2K mode
MODULATION selects QPSK, 16QAM or 64QAM modulation.
GUARD INTERVAL selects the “guard interval” value (1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32).
CODE RATE HP selects the “code rate” (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8).
CODE RATE LP selects the “code rate” (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8).
ALPHA sets alpha parameter as follows: NO HIERARCHICAL/1/2/4. If
modulation has been set on QPSK/16QAM, ALPHA 1/2/4, are
not allowed.
INTERLEAVER sets interleaver as follows: NATIVE/IN DEPTH.
If FFT has been set on 8K, interleaver in depth is not allowed.
The lower part of the screen–shot displays the summary of TPS cur-
NOTE rently in use:
in LOCAL source (MFN operations) the above parameters are dis-
played again;
in MIP source (SFN operations) the relevant data of MIP are displayed;
the LOCAL TPS parameters are not active.
may be:
– NORMAL
– FAULT
– WARNING
– WRONG BANDWIDTH
– WRONG STANDARD
Exciter Mode sets the type of modulator (DVB–T or TV).
The parameter is editable only if 2CAST mode has been set
(see menu FACTORY>–EXC. CONFIGURATION> Available
modes ).
Standard displays the current standard in use:
– UHF 8MHZ
– UHF 6MHZ
– BIII 7MHZ.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 27 74
may be:
– NORMAL
– FAULT
– WARNING
– WRONG BANDWIDTH
– WRONG STANDARD
FPGA ALARM if FPGA in the modulator board is in fault. This check is
performed only at the power up (FAULT status).
PRECORRECT. ALARM if the precorrector is in fault. This check is performed
only at the power up (FAULT status).
DAC ALARM if DAC is in fault. This check is performed only at the
power up (FAULT status).
SYNTH 36M ALARM if 36MHz clock is absent or unlocked (FAULT status).
may be:
– NORMAL
– FAULT
– WARNING
– WRONG BANDWIDTH
– WRONG STANDARD
BAND WIDTH ALARM if the DVB–T bandwidth extracted from the MIP is not
compliant to the modulator version (WRONG BANDWIDTH sta-
tus). This alarm is active only in SFN.
DLL ALARM if DLL is unlocked (FAULT status)
may be:
– NORMAL
– FAULT
– WARNING
– WRONG BANDWIDTH
– WRONG STANDARD
FPGA READ WARNING if a FPGA READ error occurred (WARNING status).
FPGA WRITE WARNING if a FPGA WRITE error occurred (WARNING sta-
tus).
PREC. WRITE WARNING if a PRECORRECTOR WRITE error occurred
(WARNING status).
DAC WRITE WARNING if a DAC WRITE error occurred (WARNING status).
may be:
– NORMAL
– FAULT
– WARNING
– WRONG BANDWIDTH
– WRONG STANDARD
CAPTURE MEM NOT ACTIVE AT PRESENT
WRITE FLASH WARNING if a WRITE FLASH error occurred during factory
save or precorrector table save operation (see “FACTORY”
menu).
FAN STATUS WARNING if the fan which cools the Modulator Board is not
working (WARNING status).
TEMPERATURE:
MAIN MODUL. displays temperature (oC) of the main section of I/Q modulator.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 28 74
AUX MODUL. displays temperature (oC) of the auxiliary section of I/Q modula-
tor (used for separate amplification of sound and vision carri-
ers).
MODUL. BOARD displays the temperature (oC) of the Modulator Board.
CHANNEL ––> TPS allows programming TPS parameters (PROGRAM) relevant to

the selected channel and making them operative (ON). If OFF
mode is set, the last saved TPS settings are operative.
CHANNEL allows setting the channel where TPS parameters are to be
modified (PROGRAM mode).
FFT selects 8K,4K or 2K mode
MODULATION selects QPSK, 16QAM or 64QAM modulation.
GUARD INTERVAL selects the “guard interval” value (1/4, 1/8, 1/16, 1/32).
CODE RATE HP selects the “code rate” (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8).
CODE RATE LP selects the “code rate” (1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6, 7/8).
ALPHA sets alpha parameter as follows: NO HIERARCHICAL/1/2/4. If
modulation has been set on QPSK/16QAM, ALPHA 1/2/4, are
not allowed.
INTERLEAVER sets interleaver as follows: NATIVE/IN DEPTH.
If FFT has been set on 8K, interleaver in depth is not allowed.
NOTE When CHANNEL ––> TPS = ON, the new settings are operative only
the first time you change the channel.
PRECORRECTOR
Status: displays the precorrector status:

– NORMAL
– NO TABLE
– WARNING
– IN PROGRESS
PRECORRECTOR enables (ON) or disables (OFF) precorrector. The function is
carried out by “ENTER” key (toggle function).
CURRENT TABLE displays the current table set
displays list of precorrection tables stored (up to 7) and the cur-

rent table in use. For each table are also indicated:
– table enabled for the precorrection operation (indicated by )
– channels range validity (min./max.)
– output power range validity (min./max.)
Among the tables enabled, precorrector uses the one as close
as possible to the limits (channels and power) set. If no table
meets to the required limits, precorrector uses table “0” (flat
curve), (NO TABLE status).
Further details on how to set a precorrection table, are given on
paragraph 2.14.
AM/AM
allows setting and saving an AM/AM predistortion curve.
Further details on setting are given on paragraph 2.14.
AM/PM
allows setting and saving an AM/PM predistortion curve.
AMPLITUDE
allows setting and saving an AMPLITUDE equalization curve.
GR. DELAY
allows setting and saving a GROUP DELAY equalization curve.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 29 74
SYNTHESIZER
FREQUENCY
Synthesizer displays the status (NORMAL/FAULT) of the synthesizer
CHANNEL sets the operative channel (21 to 69)
FREQ. sets operative frequency
FREQUENCY OFFSET:
LOCAL sets offset frequency from –50000Hz to +50000Hz
MIP display the frequency offset (Hz) extracted from the MIP (see
“DVB–T NET” menu).
TOTAL TOTAL = LOCAL + MIP.
TOTAL OFFSET affects the frequency of the selected channel with
a maximum limit of 50kHz.
If MIP FREQUENCY OFFSET is disabled its value does not affect
TOTAL OFFSET.
MIP F. OFFSET ENABLEs/DISABLEs MIP frequency offset.

VCO UP ALARM if the VCO used for up–conversion is unlocked (FAULT
status)
VCO DOWN ALARM if the VCO used for down–conversion is unlocked
(FAULT status)
VCXO DDS ALARM if the VCXO DDS is unlocked (FAULT status)
DDS ALARM if the DDS is unlocked (FAULT status)
TEMP SENSOR
BOARD TEMP displays the temperature (oC) of the synthesizer board

Total F. Offset:
RANGE CHECK WARNING if the total frequency offset is out of the maximum
range (–50kHz to +50kHz) (WARNING status).
REFERENCE
REF
Reference: displays the status of reference (COLD OVEN/LOCK/LOCK S./
LOCK H./HOLD/LOCK RECOVERY/WARNING/FAULT)
GPS: displays if the GPS board is installed and its status:
– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
REF. SOURCE set the type of the frequency reference:
– INTERNAL . . . . set the internal reference of the unit
– GPS . . . . . . . .
sets internal GPS reference (optional)
– EXT. TRACK . . . set the internal reference of the unit locked to the
external one.
For details on Ext. Track status, refer to Fig. 2.6
at the end of this menu list.
TUNE allows tuning the internal frequency reference accuracy. Setting
this value from 0 through 65535 changes the internal frequency
in a range of more than + 4Hz
AUTO TUNE displays the tuning value actually calculated by the processor to
lock the internal reference (OXCO) to the external one, when
EXT. TRACK is selected.

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1PPS EDGE sets active edge (RISE or FALL) of 1PPS

CURRENT displays the current absorption (mA) of the internal OXCO.
Reference displays the status of reference (COLD OVEN/LOCK/LOCK S./

EXT. REF ALARM if external reference is absent (WARNING/HOLD/
DRIFT ALARM status in EXT. TRACK – see ’REF. SOURCE’).
OCXO ALARM if internal reference is not locked (FAULT/HOLD/DRIFT
ALARM/LOCK RECOVERY status in EXT. TRACK – see ’REF.
SOURCE’)
ADC ALARM if A/D converter of internal reference is in fault condition
LOCK RECOV. ALARM if the system is recovering the lock to the external fre-
quency reference (LOCK RECOVERY status).
COLD OVEN WARNING if the internal OXCO is cold (COLD OVEN status)
WARMUP C. DOWN displays the countdown of the warmup time (seconds) for hav-
ing the internal OXCO operative. During warm–up time the
alarms are masked (COLD OVEN status). The warmup time is
calculated by current and temperature measurements (worst
case = 20min.)
TH
– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
For details on GPS status, refer to Fig. 2.7.
TIME DRIFT ALARM if the estimated time drift exceeds the preset threshold
THRESHOLD sets time drift threshold from 0 to 650ms
ESTIMATED displays the estimated time drift
Guard Int. Duration:
MAX displays the max. duration of the guard interval currently used.
TH
– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
For details on GPS status, refer to Fig. 2.7 at the end of this
menu list.
FREQ. DRIFT ALARM if the estimated frequency drift exceeds the preset
threshold
Out CH Accuracy:
THRESHOLD sets frequency drift threshold from 0 to 650Hz
ESTIMATED displays the estimated frequency drift

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 31 74
GPS
– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
ANTENNA ALARM if antenna is disconnected (ALARM status).
1PPS SYNC ALARM if SYNC is absent (ALARM status).
GOOD SATELLITES displays the number of the satellites locked (less or equal to
satellites in view). If the antenna is installed properly, the num-
ber of good satellites is equal to the number of satellites in view.
SATELLITES IN VIEW displays the number of the satellites in view.
EXCITER RF OUT
Exc. RF Out displays RF output power status of the exciter (LOW/NORMAL)

POWER OUT displays the current value of RF output power of the exciter in
Watt and in percentage (displayed by a bar)
POWER SET sets RF output power of the exciter from –7dB through 0.9dB in
respect to the nominal output power (1Wrms ).
EXCITER RF allows enabling (ON) disabling (OFF) the RF output
Exciter RF alarms:
POWER OUT ALARM if RF output power is under the preset threshold (see
TH menu)
MIP Power Control:
RANGE CHECK ALARM if the MIP POWER CONTROL is out of the AGC range
(–7dB to +10dB in respect to transmitter nominal output power).
See pragraph 2.12.3 for further details.
NOTE This page is absent on 1Wrms units.
Exciter RF AMP:
OVERTEMP PROT. displays the intervention (ON) of the overtemperature protection
circuit of the RF stages.
HEAT SINK displays the temperature (oC) of the RF stages heatsink.
Current:
+28 Vdc displays current absorption relevant to +28 Vdc power supply
+12Vdc displays current absorption relevant to +12 Vdc power supply
TH
Alarm threshold:
EXC RF OUT allows setting the alarm threshold (dB) of the RF output power
from –10dB through 0.0dB in respect to the nominal output
power (1Wrms ).
MIP PWR CTRL allows enabling (ENABLE) or disabling (DISABLE) the MIP
PWR Control (only for SFN network).
See pragraph 2.12.3 for further details.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 32 74
MUTING
RF MUTING allows enabling (ENABLED) or disabling (DISABLED) RF mut-
ing function
RF MUTE displays the status (PRESENT/ABSENT) of the muting condi-
tions and allows enabling ( ) or disabling ( -
dition relevant to the muting function. The muting condition
occurs when at least one of the following conditions is true.
Muting conditions:
FREQ. DRIFT ALARM if the estimated freq. drift exceeds the preset threshold.
INPUT ALARM if the input in use is unlocked.
INPUT PAT ALARM if SFN network adapter is connected, but the input
signal is lacking.
MIP & DELAY ALARM if MIP ERROR or DELAY ERROR occurred.
These alarms do not cause FAULT status, but cause an RF output
NOTE power derating.
The output power derating, in turn, may cause “EXC. RF OUT = LOW“
alarm which causes the “FAULT” condition.
OPERATIONS:
RF MUTING ENABLED if one of the above alarm occurs, the RF
is swicthed–off
DETAILS
SW & HW version:
Synthesizer hw displays hardware version of the synthesizer
Synthesizer sw displays software version of the synthesizer
Modulator hw displays hardware version of the modulator
Modul. DSP sw displays software version of the modulator DSP
Modul. FPGA sw displays software version of the modulator FPGA
Controller hw displays hardware version of the controller
Controller sw displays software version of the controller
GPS Int. sw displays software version of the GPS internal
GPS Ext. sw displays software version of the GPS external

– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
ANTENNA displays status of GPS antenna (connected/disconnected).
ANT. SHORT displays normal opertaing condition (absent) or short–circuit
condition (present) of the cable of GPS antenna.
OCXO displays status of GPS OCXO (WARMING–UP/NO WARM-
ING–UP).
PPS displays status of PPS (SYNC/NOT SYNC).
GOOD SATELLITES displays number of satellites locked.
SATELL. IN VIEW displays number of satellites in view, but not all locked.
GPS MODE displays status of GPS:
– AUTO
– WARM
– COLD

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 33 74

– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
DATE dispalys current date.
TIME dispalys GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) time.
POSITION displays if geographic coordinates of MEX unit are available
(computed/not computed).
LAT: geographic coordinates latitude (degrees:minutes:seconds).
LON: longitude (degrees:minutes:seconds).
ALT: altitude (meters).

– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
Battery Backed data:
ALMANAC incomplete/complete
SAT. CFG/HEALT OK/wrong
UTC CORRECT. OK/wrong
IONOSPH. CORR. OK/wrong
RCVR POSITION OK/wrong

– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
Communication:
TIMEOUT available time to carry out GPS communication.
CRC ERROR counter of GPS communication attempts.
GPS Module:
SW VERSION display software version of internal GPS module

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 34 74

– GPS . . . . . . . . sets internal GPS reference (optional)
external one.
Lock recovery:
SPEED allows setting the speed (LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH) for locking the
internal reference to the external one. It must be always set on
MEDIUM (LOW/HIGH only for factory test).
REMAIN. TIME maximum remaining time available for locking the reference.
IP: displays current IP address

NM: displays current Netmask
New value: allows setting a new IP address or a new Netmask
Reset Ethernet resets Ethernet board
Set New IP Address sends the new value set to IP
Set New Netmask sends the new value set to NM (Netmask)
These parameters allow accessing Ethernet Interface from external
NOTE applications. Any other parameter for managing Ethernet Interface is
accessible by a TELNET session on port 23.
FACTORY
-FACTORY SETTINGS-
PASSWORD allows accessing the editing mode of FACTORY SETTINGS
menu.
LOGOUT allows logging out from FACTORY SETTINGS menu.
–SYNTHESIZER–
I AMP allows setting I amplitude of the DDS (it must be set to 2048)
Q AMP allows setting Q amplitude of the DDS (it must be set to 2048)
STANDALONE MODE ONLY FOR FACTORY TEST.
IT MUST BE ALWAYS SET ON OFF
FREQ. TEST MODE ONLY FOR FACTORY TEST.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 35 74
CHANNEL allows setting the channel on which the settings will be carried
out
Changing the channel causes the exciter will change the output fre-
NOTE quency transmission. For safety operation, press STOP key on front
panel.
CARRIER TEST allows testing the carriers as follows:
– DISABLE testing disabled (normal operating conditions)
– CW TEST test enabled only for the central frequency
– ON enables the transmission of OFDM carriers from
TEST START to TESTSTOP frequencies.
– OFF disables the transmission of OFDM carriers from
TEST START to TESTSTOP frequencies.
TEST START sets the start frequency for the carrier test
(0 to 2048 in 2K ; 0 to 4096 in 4K and 0 to 8192 in 8K).
TEST STOP sets the stop frequency for the carrier test
(0 to 2048 in 2K ; 0 to 4096 in 4K and 0 to 8192 in 8K).
I GAIN allows setting I gain (from –127/127 to +127/127) of I/Q Mod.
Q GAIN allows setting Q gain (from –127/127 to +127/127) of I/Q Mod.
I OFFSET allows setting I offset (from –127/127 to +127/127) of I/Q Mod.
Q OFFSET allows setting Q offset (from –127/127 to +127/127) of I/Q Mod.
PHASE INBAL. allows setting I/Q phase inbal. (step 0.1o; from –10o to +9.9o) of
I/Q Mod.
SAVE TO PROM allows saving the settings
AGC sets AGC functioning mode:

– ON is enabled the internal AGC (when MEX oper-
ates only as exciter)
– OFF is active the manual control of the output
power(AGC disabled)
– EXTERNAL is enabled the external AGC (when MEX is a part
of a transmitter and operates also a s control
logic). See paragraph 2.11.4.
MAN. GAIN allows setting the gain of MEX in manual mode (steps 0/1024)
Wattmeter Calibr.:
out
panel.
EXC. RF OUT allows adjusting the reading of the exciter output power mea-
surement (step 0.1dB; from –12dB to +11.9dB)
TX FORWARD allows adjusting the reading of the transmitter forward power
measurement (step 0.1dB; from –12dB to +11.9dB)
TX REFLEC. allows adjusting the reading of the transmitter reflected power
-EXC. CONFIGURATION-
Available modes: allows setting exciter modes (2CAST/DVB/TV)
Standards:
DVB allows setting DVB modes (UHF 8MHz/UHF 6MHz/BIII 7MHz)
TV allows setting TV modes (UHF Std M/UHF Std K6MHz/UHF Std
G/BIII Std B)
RS485 slave adr displays the MEX address port and its operating mode (master
or slave) if dual–exciter configuration is used

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 36 74
changing parameters of this page is allowed only after having

furtherly logged in
–EXC. OPTIONAL–
SFN enables SFN operations (ENABLED/DISABLED)
GPS enables internal or external GPS RECEIVER (INTERNAL/EX-
TERNAL/DISABLED).
DVB–H enables DVB–H operations (ENABLED/DISABLED)
HIERARCH. enables hyerarchical mode operations (ENABLED/DISABLED)
-SOFTWARE UPGRADE-
PROG. DMOD DSP NOT AVAILABLE AT PRESENT
PROG. DMOD FPGA NOT AVAILABLE AT PRESENT
-TX CONTROL LOGIC-

Configuration:
allows setting the MEX functions as follows:
NO TX LOGIC
MEX operates only as exciter
LOGC + SINGLE EXCITER
MEX operates both as control logic and as exciter
SECONDARY + 2 EXC: EXC. B
MEX operates in dual–exciter configuration as exciter B
(reserve exciter + reserve control logic)
PRIMARY + 2 EXC: EXC. A
MEX operates in dual–exciter configuration as exciter A and
also as primary control logic
HPA MODULES sets the number of the amplifiers modules used on the transmit-
ter (0/10)
HPA TYPE sets the type of the amplifiers modules used:
UHF–W692D
UHF–W672D
UHF–W632D
Forward Full Scale:

F.S. allows setting the full scale indication of the transmitter RF out-
put power, when MEX operate also as control logic.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 37 74
UNKNOWN
EXT. ABST
EXT. PRST
& NO LOCK
EXT. ABST
EXT. PRST EXT. ABST
& NO LOCK
FAULT WARNING
EXT. PRST
& NO LOCK
EXT. PRST
& LOCK
EXT. PRST
& NO LOCK
& LOCK RECOVERY TIME>300 s EXT. PRST
EXT. ABST
& LOCK
EXT. PRST LOCK

& LOCK
EXT. PRST
EXT.PRST & LOCK
& NO LOCK & STABILITY < 4.510–10
& LOCK RECOVERY
TIME<300 S
EXT. PRST
EXT. PRST & LOCK
& LOCK & WARM UP TIME>30 min.
LOCK
LOCK S. LOCK H.
RECOVERY
EXT. PRST EXT. PRST

EXT. ABST & WARM UP TIME<30 min. & LOCK
& DRIFT<THRESHOLD
EXT. ABST
EXT. PRST EXT. ABST
HOLD
EXT. ABST
& DRIFT>THRESHOLD
EXT. ABST
& DRIFT<THRESHOLD
EXT. ABST
& DRIFT<THRESHOLD
EXT. ABST
& DRIFT>THRESHOLD
EXT. PRST
DRIFT
ALARM
EXT. ABST
& DRIFT>THRESHOLD
LEGEND
ALARM
conditions
WARNING
conditions
STEADY
conditions
Fig. 2.6 (1/2) – EXT. TRACK STATUS of REFERENCE

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 38 74
EXTERNAL TRACK STATUS

UNKNOWN: . . . . . . . the start up status.
FAULT: . . . . . . . . . . . . after start up the external reference is present but the internal OCXO is
not locked to it.
WARNING: . . . . . . . . after start up the external reference is absent.
LOCK: . . . . . . . . . . . . the external reference is present and the internal OCXO is locked to it. In
case of external reference fault the system is not able to keep on generat-
ing the internal reference maintaining the accuracy of the external one,
because the OCXO has not yet the necessary stability.
LOCK S.: . . . . . . . . . . the external reference is present, the internal OCXO is locked to it but it
has not achieved the optimum stability (OCXO is not yet oven as much as
necessary). However the stability is better than 4.510–10 and in case of
external reference fault, the system can keep on generating the internal
reference maintaining the accuracy of the external one, only for a short
time.
LOCK H.: . . . . . . . . . . after 30 minutes from the start up, the OCXO has achieved the optimum
stability. In case of external reference fault the system is able to maintain-
ing the accuracy of the external reference for a long time.
HOLD: . . . . . . . . . . . . the system generates the internal reference with an accuracy better than
the set threshold. There is a threshold for frequency accuracy and a
threshold for time accuracy useful in DVB–T/H SFN operations.
DRIFT ALARM: . . . . . the frequency and/or time accuracy have overcame the threshold set. In
this status it is possible to enable the exciter RF output muting (useful in
DVB–T/H SFN operations).
LOCK RECOVERY: . the external frequency reference come back after a HOLD or DRIFT
ALARM status. To recover the lock condition without discontinuity in a
short time, the internal OCXO reference is shifted according to SPEED
setting in FACTORY menu:
LOW = 2.5 Hz
MEDIUM = 5 Hz
FAST = 30 Hz
Fig. 2.6 (2/2) – EXT. TRACK STATUS of REFERENCE

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 39 74
RESET
START
GPS SELF TEST FAILS
GPS NOT RESPONDING
GPS SELF TEST PASS
GPS RESPONDING
NO ANSWER NOT GOOD SATELLITES < 4

FAULT
SYNC
GPS NOT RESPONDING

GOOD SATELLITES > 4 FOR 1.5 MIN
GOOD SATELLITES = 0 & ALMANAC COMPLETE AND VALID
& DRIFT > THRESHOLD
GOOD SATELLITES 1
DRIFT GOOD SATELLITES > 4
SYNC FOR 1.5 MIN
ALARM
NEW AND OLD POSITION CHANGE < 100 KM

& POWER OFF TIME < 3 MIN
GOOD SATELLITES 1 & GOOD SATELLITES > 4 FOR 20 / 30 MIN
GOOD SATELLITES = 0 OR
& DRIFT > THRESHOLD NEW AND OLD POSITION CHANGE > 100 KM OR POWER OFF TIME > 30 MIN
& GOOD SATELLITES > 4 FOR 60 MIN
GOOD SATELLITES < 4
GOOD SATELLITES = 0
& DRIFT < THRESHOLD
HOLD SYNC
NORMAL
OVER HOLD
GOOD SATELLITES 4
GOOD SATELLITES = 0 GOOD SATELLITES 4
& DRIFT < THRESHOLD
GOOD SATELLITES = 0
& DRIFT < THRESHOLD
LEGEND
ALARM
conditions
WARNING
conditions
STEADY
conditions
GPS STATUS
NO ANSWER: . . . . . . GPS doesn’t respond to the exciter controller.
SYNC: . . . . . . . . . . . . only the time (1 PPS signal) is calculated correctly.
NOT SYNC: . . . . . . . position, frequency and time are not properly calculated (normally after start up).
NORMAL: . . . . . . . . . the operative GPS status, that is position, frequency and time (1 PPS signal) are
calculated correctly. More than four satellites are locked.
SYNC HOLD: . . . . . . this status occurs after NORMAL status if less than four satellites are locked.
HOLD OVER: . . . . . . all satellites have been lost after NORMAL status, but frequency and time drift
are below the alarm thresholds set.
DRIFT ALARM: . . . . . satellites have been lost, frequency and/or time drift overcome the alarm thresh-
old set.
FAULT: . . . . . . . . . . . . the automatic self test of the GPS receiver board fails.
Fig. 2.7 – GPS STATUS

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2.7.2 Menus and contents for analogue TV version

TX & HPA
(menu available only if MEX has been set to operate also as TX Control Logic)
(see FACTORY menu)
TRANSMITTER displays the command which has been sent by the relevant
push–button on MEX front panel (STAT/STOP)
START TX displays the status of of the transmitter (ON/OFF) (i.e: the
START command for transmitter may be sent, but the transmit-
ter may be OFF due to the intervention of a protection circuit).
EXCITER RF allows switching–on/off MEX. With this command it is possible
to have the transmitter OFF and only MEX switched –on.

SOUND 1 dispalys the status of sound 1 carrier (NORMAL/LOW).
SOUND 2 dispalys the status of sound 2 carrier (NORMAL/LOW).
MAINS dsiplays presence (ACK) or absence (NOT ACK) of the mains
supply voltage.
OVERLOAD displays presence (NOT ACK) or absence (ACK) of an overload
condition.
EXT. INT. LOCK displays the status of the interlock chain (OPEN/CLOSED)
TRIPLOCK OUT displays presence (PRESENT) or absence (ABSENT) of the
triplockout status.
If HIGH REFLECTED power alarm occurs, exciter cut–off the output
NOTE power and then tries to restart for three times. If after the third attempt
high reflected power is still present, exciter stops the definitively (TRI-
PLOCKOUT status).
To restart the transmission it is necessary to eliminate the problem and
to reset the system by means of RESET TRIPLOCKOUT command
(see the next command).
RESET TRIPLOCKOUT allows resetting TRIPLOCKOUT status, exciter hardware, fans
( RESET TX) change–over.
–CCOLING STATUS–
AMBIENT TEMP displays the ambient temperature (oC).
UNBAL LOAD displays the status of the connection of the unbalance loads of
the output combiner (ACK/NOT ACK)
Alarm threshold:
TX VISION allows setting the alarm threshold (dB) of TX forward power of
vision carrier.
TX SOUND 1 allows setting the alarm threshold (dB) of TX forward power of
sound 1 carrier.
TX SOUND 2 allows setting the alarm threshold (dB) of TX forward power of
sound 2 carrier.
TX REFLECT. allows setting the alarm threshold (dB) of TX reflected power.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 41 74
2 EXC
SWITCH OVER allows setting manual (MANUAL) or automatic (AUTO) switch–
over of dual–exciter configuration.
SET ON AIR allows setting EXCITER A or B on air.
RF EXCITER A allows switching–on/off EXCITER A.
RF EXCITER B allows switching–on/off EXCITER B.
RESET SYSTEM allows resetting the dual–exciter configuration by restoring the
settings before the switch–over.
As far as dual–exciter configuration is concerned, the logics on board
NOTE of MEX units, have to be considered as master (on board of exc. “A”)
and slave (on board of exc. “B”).
In the event of a mains supply lack (or a CPU failure), of master logic
(exc.”A”), the change–over between master logic (exc.”A”) and slave
logic (exc.”B”) is always automatic.
The logic currently in use (master) is identified by an “M” on its display
(sse Fig. 2.5 and Tab. 2.5) and by the relevant green led on front panel.
All operations concerning manual set–up of dual–exciter configuration
(set on air “A” or “B”) must be carried out on the exciter operating cur-
rently as master.
In order to restore the configuration after a change–over, execute a
“RESET SYSTEM” on exc.”B” (reserve exciter).
HPA
NOTE This menu is absent on 25Wrms /50Wrms /100Wrms units.
HPA 1 NORMAL displays presence and status (NORMAL/FAULT/NO ANSWER)

HPA 2 FAULT
HPA 3 NO ANSWER of the amplifiers modules. The amplifiers absent are identified
HPA 4 NORMAL by “__ __ __”.
HPA 5 NORMAL
HPA 6 NORMAL “NO ANSWER” indicates the lack of connection between mod-
HPA 7 NORMAL ule and MEX.
HPA 8 NORMAL
HPA 9 __ __ __ The menu includes four pages showing information on each
HPA 10 __ __ __ amplifier module. The pages are accessed by ”” and ””
arrows of the keyboard. The contents of each page are as fol-
lows:
FIRST PAGE displays a block diagram of the amplifier module selected with
H.SINK information about its operating conditions. The following infor-
0C
0.00A mation is dispalyed:
REFL
0.00A 0
Watt
– current absorption (A) of the stages (pre–driver, driver, final);
– forward and reflected output power (W);
0.00A
0.00A POUT
0
– input power (mW),
Watt – final stages heatsink temperature (oC).
Input
0mW
0.00A
. Block diagram and number of the stages, depend
on the amplifier units used.
SECOND PAGE displays type of HPA used, current absorptions and status of
each stage.
UHF – W692D
On the right of the measures it is indicated, by a “” mark, if the
PDRV 0.00A
OK

1Tr Max 2Tr
stage works normally (0 – Ok) or if a fault occurs and, in this
DRV 0.00A event, the kind of fault, according to the following indications:
FNL1 0.00A
FNL2 0.00A

1 Tr: one transistor of the relative amplifier stage is faulty;
FNL3 0.00A Max: maximum current absorption;
2 Tr: two transistors of the relative amp. stage are faulty.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 42 74
THIRD PAGE displays general information on the functioning of HPA:

Interlock CLOSED “ “ shows presence of TLS/TLC,
Module INSERTED
VSWR MAX “
“ shows absence of TLS/TLC,
Overdrive ABSENT
Ext. OnOff ACK. InterLock: indicates the interlock chain is closed and the supply
T. Inhibit ABSENT voltage for the module amplifier stages is present;
P. Supply NORMAL
PS Idc NORMAL Module: indicates the amplifier module is properly housed in
PS Crowbar NORMAL the mainframe;
PS Enable OFF Overdrive: indicates an RF input power level outside the
RS485 Comm. ABSENT
allowed range;
External On–Off: NOT USED
T. Inhibit: indicates the RF signal processing is interrupted,
because one of the next fault is present: Insertion module,
Insertion cable, VSWR, Overdrive, Overtemperature;
P. Supply: indicates the module power supply is ok or faulty;
PS Idc: indicates the maximum current absorption from the
power supply.
PS Crowbar: indicates the power supply crowbar is not fired;
PS Enable: indicates the DC/DC Converter (power supply of
HPA) is enabled.
RS485 Comm.: indicates presence/absence of data commu-
nication on RS485 connection between transmitter contro logic
and HPA.
FOURTH PAGE displays further information on gain, RF output and Power Sup-
Gain 00dB plies status:
Input Power 0mW Gain: displays gain of HPA
Output Power 00W Input Power: displays measurement of HPA input power;
Reflected 0W
Output Power: displays measurement of HPA output power;
Heat sink 0oC Reflected: displays measurement of HPA reflected power;
V Amplifier 0.0V Heat Sink: displays temperature of the final stages heat sink;
V Service 0.0V V Amplifier: displays the measurement of the power supply
voltage of the final stages;
V Service): displays the measurements of the power supply
voltage of HPA logic section;
EXCITER
STATUS
The exciter STATUS is determined by all alarms and warnings in the
NOTE modules menu pages indicated respectively by and sym-
bols.
For instance the MODULATOR module is in FAULT status if one or
more of the following alarms are active: FPGA, PRECORRECT., DAC,
SYNTH 36 M, SYNTH 108 M, BAND WIDTH, DLL.
If an alarm of a module is disabled (details on paragraph 2.6.5) it
doesn’t contribute to determine the STATUS of that module.
VIDEO displays status of video input:
– ABSENT video signal is lacking
– NORMAL video signal level is within the correct range
– OVERDRIVE video signal level is too high
– WHITE LIMITER white limiter circuit has been triggered
VIDEO IN USE displays the current input in use.
AUDIO 1 displays status of audio 1 input:
– NORMAL audio 1 signal level is within the correct range
– OVERDRIVE audio 1 signal level is too high
AUDIO 2 displays status of audio 2 input:
NICAM displays NICAM status: NORMAL/FAULT/EXT. DATA ABSENT/WARNING
MODULATOR displays the status of the modulator (NORMAL or FAULT)
PRECORRECTOR displays the precorrector status:
– NORMAL
– NO TABLE
– WARNING
– IN PROGRESS

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 43 74
SYNTHESIZER displays the synthesizer status (NORMAL or FAULT)

REFERENCE displays the reference frequency status:
– UNKNOWN
– INTERNAL
– EXTERNAL
– FAULT
– LOCK
– HOLD
– LOCK. H
– COLD OVEN
GPS displays if the GPS board is installed and its status:
– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
EXC. RF OUT displays the status of the exciter RF output (LOW, NORMAL)
I2C MODULES displays the communication status of I2C (1, 2, 3, 4, 5); if the
communication relevant to a module is absent a X is displayed.
The modules are called respectively:
1: synthesizer
2: dig. modulator
3 internal GPS
4: NICAM (TV mode)
5: external GPS
OPERAT. MODE allows setting the operating mode of MEX (LOCAL/REMOTE).

The new setting must be confirmed.
Exc. elapsed time: displays the working hours of MEX
HOURS
Preferences: allows selecting the parameters to be displayed on the status
bar (on the bottom of display). It is possible displaying: TX
STATUS BAR power, Channel with the relevant frequency and I2C Test. The
At MEX switching–on, the default diaplyed parameters are:
NOTE
channel, freq. and exciter RF out pwr if MEX operates as
exciter;
TX fwd/rfl out pwr and exc. RF out pwr if MEX operates as TX
CTRL logic;
Exc. Settings backup

Save as backup allows saving the current settings of parameters (i.e.: when you
change some of them for testing MEX and then you want to ret-
sore the previous settings). The new setting must be confirmed.
Restore Backup allows retsoring the previous settings saved as backup. The
Restore Default allows retsoring the default settings.
RTC Settings:
SECOND sets the value of the field “second”
MINUTE sets the value of the field “minute”
HOUR sets the value of the field “hour”
DAY sets the value of the field “day”
MONTH sets the value of the field “month”
YEAR sets the value of the field “year”

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 44 74
HISTORY
Log disabled: displays the number of alarms disabled (NONE, 1, 2, 3....).
See details on paragraph 2.6.5.
TX & HPA allows displaying the mask of the alarms relevant to transmitter
and amplifiers module. The mask displays: time, date, number
of alarms occurred, description of the alarm, time of alarm
occurring, alarm code. Memory is FIFO type, size 1107.
EXCITER allows displaying the mask of the alarms relevant to exciter. The
mask displays: time, date, number of alarms occurred, descrip-
tion of the alarm, time of alarm occurring, alarm code. Memory
is FIFO type, size 3471.
Reset History resets all stored alarms
Set All Disable disables all counters, alarms and warnings
Set All Enable enables all counters, alarms and warnings
Reset Counters resets all counters
Restore Log Config. restores the saved Log. Configuration
Save Log Config. save the current settings for alarms and warnings
VIDEO
PRESEL
Video: displays status of video input:
In use: displays the current input in use (VIDEO1 or VIDEO2).
PRESELECTED allows selecting the input with the highest priority.
SELECT MODE selects operating mode as follows:
no automatic switching is possible. If video
signal on preselected input is in fault conditions,
the switching must be performed manually.
– AUTO. . . . . . . . . when the input video signal is present both on
VIDEO1 and VIDEO2 inputs, the exciter uses
the highest priority input. When there is a fault
in this input the exciter switches automatically
on the other input.
GR. DELAY CORR. allows inserting (ON) or bypassing (OFF) gr. delay corr. filter.
ITS LINE allows setting ITS line as reference for AGC circuit.
WHITE LIM. allows setting the intervention thresholds of white limkter circuit
(85% to 95%)
SYNC LEVEL allows setting sync recovery level from 20% to 30%.
RES. CARRIER allows setting residual carrier level from 5% to 20%.
AGC
In use: displays the current input in use.
VIDEO AGC allows enabling (ON) or disabling (OFF) Automatic Gain Control
circuit of video signal
– ON AGC enabled. If whatever ITS line has been set, AGC
circuit gets this last as reference. If no ITS line has been
set, AGC circuit gets as reference the value set on MAN.
GAIN 1 or 2 according to the input in use.
– OFF AGC disabled. AGC circuit gets as reference the value
set on MAN. GAIN 1 or 2 according to the input in use.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 45 74
MANUAL GAIN 1 allows manual setting of the VIDEO1 input level.

If MEX is in MANUAL mode (VIDEO AGC = OFF), the level of
VIDEO1 input signal is the one set on MAN. GAIN1.
If MEX is in AUTO mode (VIDEO AGC = ON), the level of
VIDEO1 input signal is the one fixed by ITS LINE if present
MANUAL GAIN 2 allows manual setting of the VIDEO2 input level.
If MEX is in MANUAL mode (VIDEO AGC = OFF), the level of
VIDEO2 input signal is the one set on MAN. GAIN2.
If MEX is in AUTO mode (VIDEO AGC = ON), the level of
VIDEO1 input signal is the one fixed by ITS LINE if present

In use: displays the current input in use.
VIDEO1 PRES. ALARM if video 1 input is absent (ABSENT status).
VIDEO2 PRES. ALARM if video 2 input is absent (ABSENT status).
VIDEO LEVEL LOW ALARM if video level of the input in use is low (LOW status).
VIDEO LEVEL HIGH ALARM if video level of the input in use is high (OVERDRIVE
status)..
WHITE LIM. WARNING if white limiter circuit has been triggered
(WHITE LIMITER status).
ITS LINE WARNING if ITS line is absent.
AUDIO
GAIN
Audio1: displays status of audio 1 input:
AUDIO1 GAIN allows setting the AUDIO1 input gain within –21 to +2.9dB.
DEVIATION1 displays the current frequency deviation of AUDIO1 input (in
kHz) and in percentage (displayed by a bargraph).
AUDIO2 GAIN allows setting the AUDIO2 input gain within –21 to +2.9dB.
DEVIATION2 displays the current frequency deviation of AUDIO2 input (in
kHz) and in percentage (displayed by a bargraph).

AUDIO1 LIM allows setting the intervention threshold of the frequency devi-
ation limiter circuit on audio 1 input (0 to 100kHz).
AUDIO2 LIM allows setting the intervention threshold of the frequency devi-
ation limiter circuit on audio 2 input (0 to 100kHz).
PREEMPHASIS1 allows inserting (ON) or bypassing (OFF) pre–emphasis filter on
audio 1 input.
PREEMPHASIS2 allows inserting (ON) or bypassing (OFF) pre–emphasis filter on
audio 2 input.
W.B. GAIN allows setting gain (–21 to +2.9dB) of wideband input (on audio
2) when an external stereo coder is used.
IMPEDANCE allows setting the inputs impedance (600 Ohm or HIGH).

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 46 74

A1 OVERDRIVE ALARM if audio 1 frequency deviation is higher than the limiter
threshold (OVERDRIVE status)
A2 OVERDRIVE ALARM if audio 2 frequency deviation is higher than the limiter
threshold (OVERDRIVE status)
NICAM
GAIN
Nicam: displays status of NICAM:
– NORMAL
– FAULT
– EXT. DATA ABSENT
– WARNING
GAIN 1 allows setting Input 1 gain within –10 to +10dB.
LEVEL 1 displays (by a bargraph) the input 1 level (range –48 to +0dBFS
full scale).
GAIN 2 allows setting Input 2 gain within –10 to +10dB.
LEVEL 2 displays (by a bargraph) the input 2 level (range –48 to +0dBFS
full scale).
Nicam: displays status of NICAM:

– NORMAL
– FAULT
– WARNING
AUDIO ENCODER For details on Audio Encoder settings, refer to paragraph 2.13 –
“TV SETTINGS”.
CODER allows setting coder type:
– STEREO
– DUAL SOUND
– MONO + DATA
– DATA
– EXTERNAL
If “CODER” is set on ’MONO+DATA’ or ’DATA’, “ADDITIONAL DATA”
NOTE must be set on “DISABLE”.
ADDIT. DATA enables (ENABLE) or disables (DISABLE) additional data input.
An external clock 728kHz must be supplied to the modulator.
Set on ’DISABLE’ if “CODER” is set on ’MONO+DATA’ or ’DATA’
(see paragraph 2.13.4 – “Using NICAM modulator with addi-
tional data”).
SWITCHING F. allows enabling (ON) or disabling (OFF) switching flag.
CW TEST allows enabling (ON) or disabling (OFF) CW test
CLOCK EDGE allows setting the active edge of the clock signal (RISE or FALL)
CLOCK SOUR. allows setting the clock signal source (INT or EXT). This setting
is active only if “CODER” is set on ’EXTERNAL’, while under the
following conditions the clock source is always external:
MONO+DATA/DATA mode
ADDITIONAL DATA enabled in STEREO/DUAL SOUND
mode
IMPEDANCE allows setting the inputs impedance (600 Ohm or HIGH).

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 47 74
Nicam: displays status of NICAM inputs:

– NORMAL
– FAULT
– WARNING
DLL 54.6M ALARM if internal FPGA DCM is not locked (FAULT status)
DLL 63.0M ALARM if internal FPGA DCM is not locked (FAULT status)
SYNTH 12.2M ALARM if 12.2MHz clock is absent or unlocked (FAULT status)
If “CLOCK SOUR.” is set on ’EXT’, 27.3M clock signal is locked to
NOTE 728kHz external clock.
If “CLOCK SOUR.” is set on ’INT’, 27.3M clock signal is locked to
54MHz internal clock.
Nicam: displays status of NICAM inputs:

– NORMAL
– FAULT
– WARNING
EXTERNAL:
CLOCK PRST ALARM if clock source is set on ’EXT’ and ext. clock is absent.
DATA PRST ALARM if “CODER” is set on ’EXT’ and the external data are
absent (EXT. DATA ABST status).
DATA LOCK ALARM if “CODER” is set on ’EXT’ and the external data are
absent or present, but not valid (EXT. DATA ABST status).
“CLOCK PRST”, “DATA PRST”, “DATA LOCK” alarms, are applicable
NOTE only if “CODER” is s et on “EXTERNAL”.
See paragraph 2.13.5 – “Using NICAM coder” for details.
MODULATOR: displays modulator status as follows:
– NORMAL
– FAULT
– EXT. DATA ABST
– WARNING
If NICAM modulator is not installed NOT INSTALLED is displayed; if
“_ _ _” is displayed NICAM modulator is installed, but the com-
munication is absent
FPGA:
WRITE WARNING if an FPGA WRITE ERROR occurred.
READ WARNING if an FPGA READ ERROR occurred.
MODULATOR
Modulator displays modulator status (NORMAL/FAULT/WARNING)

SOUND1 LEVEL allows setting sound 1 output level (–10 to +5.9dB).
CARRIER enables (ON) or disables (OFF) sound 1 carrier
SOUND2 LEVEL allows setting sound 2 output level (–10 to +2.9dB).
CARRIER enables (ON) or disables (OFF) sound 2 carrier
VIDEO CARRIER enables (ON) or disables (OFF) video carrier

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 48 74

AUDIO ENCODER allows setting audio encoder as follows:
– OFF
– MONO
– STEREO
– 2SOUND
– WIDE BAND
– NICAM
– TELETEXT
Further details on Audio Encoder settings are given on para.
2.13 – “TV Settings”.
A. ENC. STATUS displays the current setting of the AUDIO ENCODER.
TELETEXT LINE allows setting teletext line where audio encoder type is
extracted (”AUDIO ENCODER” must be set on ’TELETEXT’).
T.TEXT ALM TH sets the number of wrong consecutive teletext lines allowed; if
this number is exceeded TELETEXT warning is generated.
See paragraph 2.13.1 – “Using Audio encoder” for details.

Exciter Mode sets the type of modulator (DVB–T or TV).
The parameter is editable only if 2CAST mode has been set
(see menu FACTORY>–EXC. CONFIGURATION> Available
modes ).
Standard dispalys the current standard in use:
– UHF STD. G
– UHF STD. K5M
– BIII STD. B
– UHF STD. K6M

FPGA ALARM if FPGA in the modulator board is in fault. This check is
performed only at the power up (FAULT status).
PRECORRECT. ALARM if the precorrector is in fault. This check is performed
only at the power up (FAULT status).
DAC ALARM if DAC is in fault. This check is performed only at the
power up (FAULT status).

DLL ALARM if DLL is unlocked (FAULT status)
FPGA READ WARNING if a FPGA READ error occurred (WARNING status).
FPGA WRITE WARNING if a FPGA WRITE error occurred (WARNING sta-
tus).
PREC. WRITE WARNING if a PRECORRECTOR WRITE error occurred
(WARNING status).
DAC WRITE WARNING if a DAC WRITE error occurred (WARNING status).

CAPTURE MEM NOT ACTIVE AT PRESENT
WRITE FLASH WARNING if a WRITE FLASH error occurred during factory
save or precorrector table save operation (see “FACTORY SET”
menu).
FAN STATUS displays the status (NORMAL/FAULT) of the fan which cools the
Modulator Board (WARNING status).

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 49 74
TEMPERATURE:
MAIN MODUL. displays the temperature (oC) of the main section of the modu-
lator.
AUX MODUL. displays the temperature (oC) of the auxiliary section of the
modulator (used only for separated vision+sound amplification).
MODUL. BOARD displays the temperature (oC) of the Modulator Board.

PILOT LOCK WARNING if audio encoder pilot is not locked to the video input
line frequency (WARNING status).
NOTE: WARNING if video input is absent.
ID. FREQ. LOCK WARNING if ID frequency modulating the audio encoder pilot is
not locked to the video input line frequency (WARNING status).
NOTE: WARNING if video input is absent.
TELETEXT WARNING if the threshold set on “T.TEXT ALM TH” is
excedeed (WARNING status).
AUDIO ENC. ALARM if audio encoder is in FAULT status.
See paragraph 2.13.1 – “Using Audio encoder” for details.
PRECORRECTOR
Status: displays the precorrector status:

– NORMAL
– NO TABLE
– WARNING
– IN PROGRESS
PRECORRECTOR enables (ON) or disables (OFF) precorrector. The function is
carried out by “ENTER” key (toggle function).
CURRENT TABLE displays the current table set
displays list of precorrection tables stored (up to 7) and the cur-

rent table in use. For each table are also indicated:
– table enabled for the precorrection operation (indicated by )
– channels range validity (min./max.)
– output power range validity (min./max.)
Among the tables enabled, precorrector uses the one as close
as possible to the limits (channels and power) set. If no table
meets to the required limits, precorrector uses table “0” (flat
curve)
Further details on how to set a precorrection table, are given on
paragraph 2.14.
AM/AM
allows setting and saving an AM/AM predistortion curve.
AM/PM
allows setting and saving an AM/PM predistortion curve.
AMPLITUDE
allows setting and saving an AMPLITUDE equalization curve.
GR. DELAY
allows setting and saving a GROUP DELAY equalization curve.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 50 74
SYNTHESIZER
FREQUENCY
CHANNEL sets the operative channel (21 to 69)
OFFSET sets offset frequency from –10000Hz to +10000Hz
FREQ. sets operative frequency

VCO UP ALARM if the VCO used for up–conversion is unlocked (FAULT
status)
VCO DOWN ALARM if the VCO used for down–conversion is unlocked
(FAULT status)
VCXO DDS ALARM if the DDS is unlocked (FAULT status)
DDS ALARM if the DDS is unlocked (FAULT status)
TEMP SENSOR
BOARD TEMP displays the temperature (oC) of the synthesizer board

REFERENCE
REF
– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
– GPS . . . . . . . .
sets internal GPS reference (optional)
external one.
1PPS EDGE sets active edge (RISE or FALL) of 1PPS
CURRENT displays the current absorption (mA) of the internal OXCO.
Reference displays the status of reference (COLD OVEN/LOCK/LOCK S./

EXT. REF ALARM if external reference is absent (WARNING/HOLD/
DRIFT ALARM status in EXT. TRACK – see ’REF. SOURCE’).
OCXO ALARM if internal reference is not locked (FAULT/HOLD/DRIFT
ALARM/LOCK RECOVERY status in EXT. TRACK – see ’REF.
SOURCE’)
ADC ALARM if A/D converter of internal reference is in fault condition
LOCK RECOV. ALARM if the system is recovering the lock to the external fre-
quency reference (LOCK RECOVERY status).
COLD OVEN WARNING if the internal OXCO is cold (COLD OVEN status)

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 51 74
WARMUP C. DOWN displays the countdown of the warmup time (seconds) for hav-
ing the internal OXCO operative. During warm–up time the
alarms are masked (COLD OVEN status). The warmup time is
calculated by current and temperature measurements (worst
case = 20min.)
TH
– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
THRESHOLD sets time drift threshold from 0 to 650ms
ESTIMATED displays the estimated time drift
Guard Int. Duration:
MAX displays the max. duration of the guard interval currently used.
TH
– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
threshold
Out CH Accuracy:
THRESHOLD sets frequency drift threshold from 0 to 650Hz
ESTIMATED displays the estimated frequency drift
GPS
– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
ANTENNA ALARM if antenna is connected/disconnected (ALARM status).
GOOD SATELLITES displays the number of the satellites locked (less or equal to
satellites in view). If the antenna is installed properly, the num-
ber of good satellites is equal to the number of satellites in view.
SATELLITES IN VIEW displays the number of the satellites in view.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 52 74
EXCITER RF OUT
Exc. RF Out displays RF output power of the exciter (LOW/NORMAL)

POWER OUT displays the current value of RF output power of the exciter in
Watt and in percentage (displayed by a bar)
POWER SET sets RF output power of the exciter from –7dB through 0.9dB in
respect to the nominal output power (5Wp.s. ).
EXCITER RF allows enabling (ON) disabling (OFF) the RF output
Exciter RF alarms:
POWER OUT If RF output power is under the preset threshold (see TH menu)
NOTE This page is absent on 1Wrms units.
Exciter RF AMP:
OVERTEMP PROT. dipslays the intervention (ON) of the overtemperature protection
circuit of the RF stages.
HEAT SINK displays the temperature (oC) of the RF stages heatsink.
Current:
+28 Vdc displays current absorption relevant to +28 Vdc power supply
+12Vdc displays current absorption relevant to +12 Vdc power supply
TH
Alarm threshold:
EXC RF OUT allows setting the alarm threshold (dB) of the RF output power
from –10dB through 0.0dB in respect to the nominal output
power (5Wrms ).
MUTING
RF MUTING allows enabling (ENABLED) or disabling (DISABLED) RF mut-
ing function
RF MUTE displays the status (PRESENT/ABSENT) of the muting condi-
tions and allows enabling ( ) or disabling ( -
dition relevant to the muting function. The muting condition
occurs when at least one of the following conditions is true.
Conditions:
threshold
VIDEO INPUT ALARM if input video signal is absent
MIP & DELAY ALARM if a MIP ERROR or DELAY ERROR occur
DETAILS
SW & HW version:
Synthesizer hw displays hardware version of the synthesizer
Synthesizer sw displays software version of the synthesizer
Modulator hw displays hardware version of the modulator
Modul. DSP sw displays software version of the modulator DSP
Modul. FPGA sw displays software version of the modulator FPGA
Controller hw displays hardware version of the controller
Controller sw displays software version of the controller
GPS Int. sw displays software version of the GPS internal
GPS Ext. sw displays software version of the GPS external

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 53 74

– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
ANTENNA displays status of GPS antenna (connected/disconnected).
ANT. SHORT displays normal opertaing condition (absent) or short–circuit
condition (present) of the cable of GPS antenna.
OCXO displays status of GPS OCXO (WARMING–UP/NO WARM-
ING–UP).
PPS displays status of PPS (SYNC/NOT SYNC).
GOOD SATELLITES displays number of satellites locked.
SATELL. IN VIEW displays number of satellites in view.
GPS MODE displays stsus of GPS:
– AUTO
– WARM
– COLD

– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
DATE dispalys current date.
TIME dispalys GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) time.
POSITION displays if geographic coordinates of MEX unit are available
(computed/not computed).
LAT: geographic coordinates latitude (degrees:minutes:seconds).
LON: longitude (degrees:minutes:seconds).
ALT: altitude (meters).

– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
Batt. Backed data:
ALMANAC incomplete/complete
SAT. CFG/HEALT OK/wrong
UTC CORRECT. OK/wrong
IONOSPH. CORR. OK/wrong
RCVR POSITION OK/wrong

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 54 74

– NORMAL
– NO ANSWER
– SYNC
– NOT SYNC
– HOLDOVER
– SYNC HOLD
– DRIFT ALM
– FAULT
Communication:
TIMEOUT available time to carry out GPS communication.
CRC ERROR counter of GPS communication attempts.
GPS Module:
SW VERSION display software version of internal GPS module

REF. SOURCE
Lock recovery:
SPEED allows setting the speed (LOW, MEDIUM, HIGH) for locking the
internal reference to the external one. It must be always set on
MEDIUM (LOW/HIGH only for factory test).
REMAIN. TIME maximum remaining time available for locking the reference.
IP: displays IP address

NM: dispalys NM address
New value: allows setting a new vlaue for address
Reset Ethernet resets Ethernet board
Set New IP Address sends the new value set to IP
Set New Netmask sends the new value set to NM
These parameters allow accessing Ethernet Interface from external
NOTE applications. Any other parameter for managing Ethernet Interface is
accessible by a TELNET session on port 23.
FACTORY
-FACTORY SETTINGS-
PASSWORD allows accessing the editing mode of FACTORY SETTINGS
menu.
LOGOUT allows logging out from FACTORY SETTINGS menu.
–SYNTHESIZER–
I AMP allows setting I amplitude of the DDS (it must be set to 2048)
Q AMP allows setting Q amplitude of the DDS (it must be set to 2048)
STANDALONE MODE ONLY FOR FACTORY TEST.
FREQ. TEST MODE ONLY FOR FACTORY TEST.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 55 74
-DIGITAL MODULATOR-
out.
VIDEO CARRIER Enables (ON) or disables (OFF) video carrier.
I GAIN allows setting I gain (from –127/127 to +127/127) of I/Q Mod.
Q GAIN allows setting Q gain (from –127/127 to +127/127) of I/Q Mod.
I OFFSET allows setting I offset (from –127/127 to +127/127) of I/Q Mod.
Q OFFSET allows setting Q offset (from –127/127 to +127/127) of I/Q Mod.
PHASE INBAL. allows setting I/Q phase inbal. (step 0.1o; from –10o to +9.9o) of
I/Q Mod.
AGC sets AGC functioning mode:

– ON is enabled the internal AGC (when MEX oper-
ates only as exciter)
– OFF is active the manual control of the output
power(AGC disabled)
– EXTERNAL is enabled the external AGC (when MEX is a part
of a transmitter and operates also a s control
logic). See paragraph 2.11.4.
MAN. GAIN allows setting the gain of MEX in manual mode (steps 0/1024)
Wattmeter Calibr.:
out
panel.
EXC. RF OUT allows adjusting the reading of the exciter output power mea-
surement (step 0.1dB; from –12dB to +11.9dB)
TX FORWARD allows adjusting the reading of the transmitter forward power
TX REFLEC. allows adjusting the reading of the transmitter reflected power
-STEREO ENCODER-
Adjustments:
AMPLITUDE allows adjusting the amplitude inbalance of internal stereo
encoder (from –127/127 to +127/127).
PHASE allows adjusting the phase inbalance of internal stereo encoder
(from –127/127 to +127/127).
W.B. PHASE allows adjusting the amplitude inbalance of wide band input
(from –127/127 to +127/127).
-EXC. CONFIGURATION-
Available modes: allows setting exciter modes (2CAST/DVB/TV)
Satndards:
DVB allows setting DVB modes (UHF 8MHz/UHF 6MHz/BIII 7MHz)
TV allows setting TV modes (UHF Std M/UHF Std K6MHz/UHF Std
G/BIII Std B)
RS485 slave adr displays the MEX address port and its operating mode (master
or slave) if dual–exciter configuration is used

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 56 74
changing parameters of this page is allowed only after having

furtherly logged in
–EXC. OPTIONAL–
NICAM enables (ENABLED) or disables (DISABLED) NICAM modulator
GPS enables internal or external GPS receiver (INTERNAL/EXTER-
NAL/DISABLED).
-SOFTWARE UPGRADE-
PROG. DMOD DSP NOT ACTIVE AT PRESENT
PROG. DMOD FPGA NOT ACTIVE AT PRESENT
-TX CONTROL LOGIC-

Configuration:
allows setting the MEX functions as follows:
NO TX LOGIC
MEX operates only as exciter
LOGC + SINGLE EXCITER
MEX operates both as control logic and as exciter
SECONDARY + 2 EXC: EXC. B
MEX operates in dual–exciter configuration as exciter B
(reserve exciter + reserve control logic)
PRIMARY + 2 EXC: EXC. A
MEX operates in dual–exciter configuration as exciter A and
also as primary control logic
HPA MODULES sets the number of the amplifiers modules used on the transmit-
ter (0/10)
HPA TYPE sets the type of the amplifiers modules used:
UHF–W692D
UHF–W672D
UHF–W632D
Forward Full Scale:

F.S. allows setting the full scale indication of the transmitter RF out-
put power, when MEX operate also as control logic.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 57 74
Tab. 2.6 – Alarms list of History Log

code LABEL TYPE DESCRIPTION MODE
TX DIGITAL ALARMS
D01 HPA 01 ALARM ALARM TX Digital DVB/TV
D06 ALARM TX Digital DVB/TV
(it depends on TX configuration where
MEX is arranged; see appendix).
D09 TX LOW POWER OUT ALARM TX Digital DVB/TV
D10 TX REFLECTED HIGH ALARM TX Digital DVB/TV
D12 TX LOW SOUND 1 ALARM TX Digital TV
D13 TX LOW SOUND 2 ALARM TX Digital TV
EXCITER ALARMS, WARNINGS
G01 I2C FAULT: SYNTHES. ALARM Mod 1 i2c fault DVB/TV
G02 I2C FAULT: DIG. MOD. ALARM Mod 2 i2c fault DVB/TV
G03 I2C FAULT: GPS INT ALARM Mod 3 i2c fault DVB/TV
G04 I2C FAULT: NICAM ALARM Mod 4 i2c fault TV
G05 I2C FAULT: GPS EXT ALARM Mod 5 i2c fault DVB/TV
G06 SYNT: VCO UP FAIL ALARM Synthesizer DVB/TV
G07 SYNT: VCO DOWN FAIL ALARM Synthesizer DVB/TV
G08 SYNT: VCXO DDS FAIL ALARM Synthesizer DVB/TV
G09 SYNTHESIZER REBOOT EVENT Synthesizer DVB/TV
G10 MODULATOR EREBOOT EVENT Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G11 HP INPUT1 PAT ERROR ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB
G12 HP INPUT1 UNLOCK ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB
G13 NICAM:MOD. OVERFLOW ALARM NICAM TV
G14 NICAM:UNLOCK 54.6M ALARM NICAM TV

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 58 74

G15 1PPS ABSENT ALARM Dig. Modulator/reference DVB
G16 HP INPUT2 PAT ERROR ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB
G17 HP INPUT2 UNLOCK ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB
G18 NICAM:UNLOCK 63M ALARM NICAM TV
G20 HP FIFO1 EMPTY WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB
G21 HP FIFO1 FULL WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB
G22 HP FIFO2 EMPTY WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB
G23 HP FIFO2 FULL WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB
G24 10MHZ/1PPS ERROR ALARM Dig. Modulator/Reference DVB
G25 RESET LOGIC WARNING NOT USED (Normal Reset) DVB/TV
G26 CONTROLLER WATCHDOG WARNING Controller reset watchdog DVB/TV
G27 EXCITER FAULT ALARM Controller led fault DVB/TV
G28 EXC. LOW POWER OUT ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G29 WRONG BANDWIDTH ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G30 DLL FAULT ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G32 HP MIP ABSENT ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB
G33 HP MIP CRC ERROR WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB
G34 LP MIP ABSENT ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB
G35 LP DELAY ERROR WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB
G36 HP DELAY ERROR ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB
G37 LP MIP CRC ERROR ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB
G38 D.MOD.SYNT36M FAULT ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G39 D.MOD.SYNT108 FAULT ALARM Dig. Modulator DVBTV
G40 DAC FAULT ALARM Dig. Modulator DVBTV
G42 PRECORRECTOR FAULT ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G43 NICAM:EXT.DATA ABST ALARM NICAM TV
G44 DIG.MOD.FPGA FAULT ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G45 WRITE FLASH ERROR WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G46 D.MOD.FPGA READ ERR WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G47 D.MOD.FPGA WR ERROR WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G48 NICAM:EXT.CLK ALARM ALARM NICAM TV
G49 PREC.WRITE ERROR WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G50 NICAM:E.DATA UNLOCK ALARM NICAM TV
G51 DAC WRITE ERROR WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G52 PILOT UNLOCK WARNING Dig. Modulator TV
G53 ID.FREQ.UNLOCK WARNING Dig. Modulator TV
G54 CAPT.MEM.NOT READY WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV

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G55 ITS LINE ABSENT WARNING Dig. Modulator TV
G56 NICAM:IN.1 OVERFLOW WARNING NICAM TV
G57 NICAM:FPGA READ ERR WARNING NICAM TV
G58 NICAM:FPGA WR ERROR WARNING NICAM TV
G59 RF MUTE EVENT Muting DVB/TV
G60 NICAM:IN.2 OVERFLOW ALARM NICAM TV
G61 EXTERNAL REF.ABSENT ALARM Reference DVB/TV
G62 OCXO UNLOCK ALARM Reference DVB/TV
G63 COLD OVEN WARNING Reference DVB/TV
G64 GPS DRIFT ALARM ALARM GPS DVB/TV
G65 NO GPS ANSWER ALARM GPS DVB/TV
G66 GPS FAULT ALARM GPS DVB/TV
G67 VIDEO 1 ABSENT ALARM Dig. Modulator TV
G68 VIDEO 2 ABSENT ALARM Dig. Modulator TV
G69 VIDEO LEVEL LOW ALARM Dig. Modulator TV
G70 VIDEO LEVEL HIGH ALARM Dig. Modulator TV
G71 NICAM REBOOT EVENT NICAM TV
G72 AUDIO 1 OVERDRIVE ALARM Dig. Modulator TV
G73 AUDIO 2 OVERDRIVE ALARM Dig. Modulator TV
G74 POWER FAIL WARNING SHORT NOT POWERGOOD DVB/TV
G75 MAINS FAULT ALARM NOT POWER GOOD DVB/TV
G76 WHITE LIMITER WARNING Dig. Modulator TV
G77 STANDARD MISMATCH ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G78 GPS NOT SYNC ALARM GPS DVB/TV
G79 SYNT DDS FAULT ALARM Synthesizer DVB/TV
G80 SYNT T.SENSOR FAULT ALARM Synthesizer DVB/TV
G81 REFERENCE ADC FAULT ALARM Reference DVB/TV
G82 RESET HISTORY LOG EVENT Reset History Log DVB/TV
G83 MODULATOR FAN FAULT ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G84 1PPS NOT SYNC ALARM GPS DVB/TV
G85 GPS ANT.LINK FAULT ALARM GPS DVB/TV
G86 TIME DRIFT ALARM ALARM Reference/GPS TV
G87 FREQ.DRIFT ALARM ALARM Reference/GPS DVB/TV
G88 LOCK RECOVERY FAULT ALARM Reference DVB/TV
G89 LP INPUT1 UNLOCK ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB
G90 LP INPUT2 UNLOCK ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB
G91 LP INPUT1 PAT ERROR ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB
G92 LP INPUT2 PAT ERROR ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB
G93 HP INPUT MISMATCH ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB
G94 LP INPUT MISMATCH ALARM Dig. Modulator DVB

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G95 LP FIFO1 EMPTY WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G96 LP FIFO1 FULL WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G97 LP FIFO2 EMPTY WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G98 LP FIFO2 FULL WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G99 HP DELAY CHANGED WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G100 LP DELAY CHANGED WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G101 HP-LP INC.:MAXDELAY WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G102 HP-LP INC.:PWR CTRL WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G103 HP-LP INC.:T.OFFSET WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G104 HP-LP INC.:F.OFFSET WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G105 HP-LP INC.:CELL ID WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G106 F.OFFS.OUT OF RANGE WARNING Synthesizer DVB/TV
G107 P.CTRL OUT OF RANGE WARNING Dig. Modulator DVB/TV
G108 TELETEXT WARNING WARNING Dig. Modulator TV
G109 AUDIO ENCODER FAULT ALARM Dig. Modulator TV
G110 ERROR 121 NOT USED DVB/TV

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2.8 CHANGING THE DUAL–CAST MODULATOR

At the MEX switching–on, the set–up loaded, is the one stored at its switching–off. In order to
change the set–up of the modulator, execute:
– [] MODULATOR > [ENTER] > [] SET (EXCITER) > [ENTER] >
[ or ] TV or DVB–T > []
MEX will display “CONFIGURATION RESET” (blinking), after follows the loading of the new
configuration.
NOTE
KEEP IN MIND THAT THE SET–UP RELEVANT THE TWO TYPES OF
MODULATORS (DVB–T AND TV) ARE COMPLETELY INDEPENDENT.
SO IN CASE OF CHANGING OF THE TRANSMISSION CHANNEL ON
A MODULATOR TYPE, THE OTHER ONES KEEPS ITS PRE–EXIST-
ING SET–UP.
2.9 CHANGING THE TRANSMISSION CHANNEL (FREQUENCY)

Changing the transmission channel (frequency) is allowed by “SYNTHESIZER” menu. Exe-
cute:
– [] SYNTHESIZER > [ENTER] > [] CHANNEL > [ENTER] > [] (set new
channel) > [ENTER] > []
As alternative execute:
– [] SYNTHESIZER > [ENTER] > [] FREQ.> [ENTER] > [ and ] (set new
frequency) > [ENTER] > []
NOTE
KEEP IN MIND THAT THE SET–UP RELEVANT THE TWO TYPES OF
MODULATORS (DVB–T AND TV) ARE COMPLETELY INDEPENDENT.
SO IN CASE OF CHANGING OF THE TRANSMISSION CHANNEL ON
A MODULATOR TYPE, THE OTHER ONES KEEPS ITS PRE–EXIST-
ING SET–UP.
2.10 REGULATION OF RF OUTPUT POWER

The RF output power of the unit may be set by “EXC. RF OUT” menu. The regulation range
is from –10 to +0.9dB in respect to the nominal output power (1Wrms for DVB–T signal; 5Wp.s.
for analogue TV signal). Starting from main menu execute:
1. [] EXC. RF OUT > [ENTER] > [ENTER]
(a blinking cursor will be displayed under a digit of POWER SET)
2. Shift the cursor under the digit to be changed, using “” or “” arrow.
3. Increase (”” arrow) or decrease (”” arrow) the digit to the wanted value. Carry out the
operation on each digit to be changed.
4. Press “ENTER” key. Confirm the setting by pressing the ”” arrow (YES). If ”” arrow is
pressed (NO) the setting is not carried out. If no key is pressed within about 10 sec., no
operation will be carried out.

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2.11 CALIBRATIONS
This paragraph gives information concerning the calibrations that have to be performed on
MEX, after a replacement of an assembly or board inside MEX itself, or in the transmitter
where MEX is arranged.
The calibrations are allowed by “FACTORY” menu, which require a password for the acces:
please contact our After SalesDepartment for details.
2.11.1 Exciter Power Calibration
1. Connect an external power meter for MEX output power measure.
2. Set Exciter RF=ON in the EXCITER RF OUT menu page 1.
3. Set POWER SET=0 dB in the EXCITER RF OUT menu page 1.
4. Insert the PASSWORD in the FACTORY menu page 1.
5. Set AGC=ON in the FACTORY menu page 4.
6. Adjust the EXC. RF OUT value in order to read on the external power meter 1 W rms in
DVB–T/H mode or 5 W peak sync in the TV mode in the FACTORY menu page 4.
7. Save to PROM in the FACTORY menu page 4.
8. LOGOUT in the FACTORY menu page 1.
2.11.2 Transmitter Forward and Reflected Power Meter Calibration
If the MEX works as TRASMITTER CONTROL LOGIC it is able to measure the transmitter
output power by means of an internal power meter.
To enable power meter:
2. Set LOGC+SINGLE EXCITER or PRIMARY+2 EXC: EXC. A or SECONDARY+2 EXC:
EXC. B in the FACTORY menu page 7.
3. Set the power meter full scale (F.S in FACTORY menu, page 7). Full scale is the nominal
output power of the transmitter (i.e.:1kW)
MEX has two inputs for transmitter forward power measures (the second one is used only for
sound separated amplification).
To calibrate the forward power measure:
1. Connect the forward signal

coming from a direction coupler
in the rear panel connector
called RF FWD.
2. Connect an external power
meter as shown in Fig. 2.8. MEX HPA
3. Push START front panel button.
4. Set POWER SET value in the forward pwr
EXCITER RF OUT menu page
1 in order to read the nominal POWER
transmitter output power on the METER
external power meter.
5. Insert the PASSWORD in the Fig. 2.8 – Exciter power calibration
FACTORY menu page 1.
6. Adjust the TX FORWARD value in the FACTORY menu page 4 in order to read the proper
FORWARD POWER in the display bottom bar.

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MEX has two inputs for transmitter reflected power measures (the second one is used only for
sound separated amplification).
To calibrate the reflected power measure:
1. Connect the reflected signal in the rear panel connector called RF RFL.
2. Supply the maximum reflected power (10 dB below the nominal transmitter output power).
4. Adjust the TX REFLEC. value in the FACTORY menu page 4 in order to read the proper
REFLECTED POWER in the display bottom bar.
2.11.3 I/Q modulator Calibration
MEX has a two direct RF I/Q modulators that needs a calibration (the second one is used only
for sound separated amplification).
Calibration parameters are:
I GAIN; Q GAIN: . . . . affects I and Q signals amplitude and are used to compensate for
AMPLITUDE INBALANCE of the two paths.
I OFFSET, Q OFFSET: affect the DC component of I and Q signals and are used to com-
pensate for CARRIER SUPPRESSION.
PHASE IMALANCE: . affects I and Q signals phase and is used to compensate for
QUADRATURE ERROR.
To calibrate the I/Q modulator in DVB–T/H mode:
2. Set AGC=OFF in the FACTORY menu page 4.
3. Set MAN.GAIN in order to have 0.5 W in the FACTORY menu page 4.
4. Set CARRIER TEST=OFF in the FACTORY menu page 3.
5. Set TEST START=3500 in the FACTORY menu page 3.
6. Set TEST STOP=4500 in the FACTORY menu page 3.
7. Set I GAIN=0, Q GAIN=0, PHASE IMBALAN.=0 in the FACTORY menu page 3.
8. Adjust I OFFSET and Q OFFSET in the FACTORY menu page 3 in order to have the maxi-
mum central carrier suppression (see Fig. 2.9).
9. Set TEST START=0, TEST STOP=4500 in the FACTORY menu page 3.
10.Adjust PHASE IMBAL., I GAIN and Q GAIN in the FACTORY menu page 3 in order to have
the optimum lower side band suppression (about 50 dB; see Fig. 2.10).
11. Set CARRIER TEST=ON and check the upper side band suppression (about 50 dB). If not
OK adjust PHASE IMBAL., I GAIN and Q GAIN again (set “CARRIER TEST” OFF) and
repeat operation from point 10.
12.Set CARRIER TEST=DISABLE in the FACTORY menu page 3.
13.Save to PROM in the FACTORY menu page 3.
14.Set AGC=ON in the FACTORY menu page 4.
15.LOGOUT in the FACTORY menu page 1.
> 40 dB
Using RBW=30 KHz
> 50 dB
Fig. 2.9 – Carrier Suppression Fig. 2.10 – Lower Side band Suppres-
(DVB–T/H mode) sion (DVB–T/H mode)

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To calibrate the I/Q modulator in TV mode:

1. Insert a video input. Set “POWER SET = –3dB” on “EXCITER RF OUT” menu page 1.
3. Set VIDEO CARRIER=OFF in the FACTORY menu page 3.
4. Set I GAIN=0, Q GAIN=0, PHASE IMBALAN.=0 in the FACTORY menu page 3.
5. Adjust I OFFSET and Q OFFSET in the FACTORY menu page 3 in order to have the maxi-
mum central carrier suppression (see Fig. 2.11).
6. Set VIDEO CARRIER=ON in the FACTORY menu page 3.
7. Adjust PHASE IMBAL., I GAIN and Q GAIN in the FACTORY menu page 3 in order to have
the optimum lower sound carriers suppression (more than 60 dB below the peak video
carrier; see Fig. 2.12).
10.Set “POWER SET” on “EXCITER RF OUT” menu page 1, at the suitable level in order to
have the wanted RF output power.
> 60 dB > 60 dB
Fig. 2.11 – Carrier Suppression Fig. 2.12 – Sound carriers Suppression

(TV mode) (TV mode)

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2.11.4 External ALC operation

If AGC=ON (in FACTORY menu page 4), MEX maintains constant its output power value
against the temperature (and any other ambient conditions) variation.
For an IOT transmitter it’s more convenient to maintain constant the transmitter output power
rather than the exciter output power. In this case the exciter uses its integrated transmitter
power meter to perform the power adjustment.
If the exciter operates as transmitter control logic (i.e. LOGIC+SINGLE EXCITER or PRI-
MARY+2 EXC: EXC. A or SECONDARY+2 EXC: EXC. B set in FACTORY menu page 7), to
enable the external ALC, carry out the following steps:
1. Calibrate the transmitter forward power meter if not already done, as described in para-
graph 2.11.2 – “Transmitter Forward and Reflected Power Meter Calibration”.
2. Push STOP front panel button.
4. Set AGC=EXTERNAL in the FACTORY menu page 4.
7. Set POWER SET value in the EXCITER RF OUT menu page 1 in order to have the proper
transmitter output power.
NOTE
SETTING POWER SET=0 DB, THE EXCITER ADJUSTS ITS OUTPUT
POWER IN ORDER TO HAVE THE TRANSMITTER OUTPUT POWER
EQUAL TO THE FULL SCALE (F.S.) POWER.
If exciter doesn’t operates as transmitter control logic, it is advisable first enabling the power
meter measurement and calibrating it as described in paragraph 2.11.2 – “Transmitter For-
ward and Reflected Power Meter Calibration”, then set again the exciter as NO TX LOGIC.
Operate as follows:
1. Insert the PASSWORD in FACTORY menu page 1.
2. Set LOGIC+SINGLE EXCITER in FACTORY menu page 7
3. Calibrate the transmitter forward power meter as described in the paragraph 2.11.2 –
“Transmitter Forward and Reflected Power Meter Calibration”.
4. Set NO TX LOGIC in FACTORY menu page 7.
5. Push STOP front panel button.
6. Set AGC=EXTERNAL in FACTORY menu page 4.
8. LOGOUT in FACTORY menu page 1.
9. Set POWER SET value in EXCITER RF OUT menu page 1 in order to have the proper
transmitter output power.

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2.12 DVB–T/H SETTINGS

2.12.1 Basic MFN operation start–up
1. Connect ASI High Priority transport stream signal to ASI 1 connector.
2. Connect ASI Low Priority transport stream signal to ASI 3 connector (if hierarchical modu-
lation is used).
3. Set SEL. MODE=AUTO in the H.P. INPUT menu page 1.
4. Set SEL. MODE=AUTO in the L.P. INPUT menu page 1 (if hierarchical modulation is
used).
5. Set NETWORK TYPE=MFN in the DVB NET menu page 2.
6. Set the proper Transmitter Parameters Signalling (TPS) in the menu MODULATOR page
1.
8. Set POWER SET in the EXCITER RF OUT menu page 1 in order to have the suitable out-
put power.
2.12.2 Basic SFN operation start–up
1. Connect ASI High Priority transport stream signal to ASI 1 connector.
2. Connect ASI Low Priority transport stream signal to ASI 3 connector (if hierarchical modu-
lation is used).
3. Connect 10 MHz frequency reference to 10 MHz IN connector and 1PPS signal IN to
1PPS IN connector if external GPS receiver is used. Connect GPS RF signal to GPS AER-
EAL connector if internal GPS receiver is used (optional).
4. Set SEL. MODE=AUTO in the H.P. INPUT menu page 1.
5. Set SEL. MODE=AUTO in the L.P. INPUT menu page 1 (if hierarchical modulation is
used).
6. Set NETWORK TYPE=SFN in the DVB NET menu page 2.
7. Set DYNAM. DELAY=ENABLE in the DVB NET menu page 2.
8. Set REF. SOURCE=EXT. TRACK in the REFERENCE menu page 1 if an external GPS
receiver is used. Set REF. SOURCE=GPS in the REFERENCE menu page 1 if an internal
GPS receiver is used.
9. Set 1PPS EDGE=RISE if internal GPS receiver is used, otherwise set the proper edge
according to the external 1PPS signal source (normally RISE).
10.Push START front panel button. Set POWER SET in the EXCITER RF OUT menu page 1
in order to have the suitable output power.
11. To have the steady state of the exciter, wait for:
reference status ’LOCK’ if REF. SOURCE=EXT. TRACK has been set;
GPS status ’SYNC’ if REF. SOURCE=GPS has been set.
2.12.3 MIP POWER CTRL function in SFN operation
1. Connect a proper RF forward power signal to the RF FWD connector if not already con-
nected.
2. Calibrate the transmitter forward power meter if not already done, as described in para-
graph 2.11.2 – Transmitter Forward and Reflected Power Meter Calibration.
3. Set MIP PWR CTRL=ENABLE in the EXCITER RF OUT menu page 4.
This function can be used only if the exciter works as transmitter power meter (i.e.
LOGIC+SINGLE EXCITER or PRIMARY+2 EXC: EXC. A or SECONDARY+2 EXC: EXC. B
set in the FACTORY menu page 7). The exciter extract the power setting from the MIP and
checks if it is in the correct range (–7 to +1 dB from the transmitter nominal power). For exam-
ple, if the transmitter nominal output power is 1 KW (60 dBm), the correct range is from 53
dBm to 61 dBm. If the power setting is wrong the RANGE CHECK alarm in the EXCITER RF
OUT menu page 2 will be active and the exciter will not perform any output power adjustment.

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2.13 TV SETTINGS
2.13.1 Using Audio Encoder
The audio encoder may be used in the following different modes:
OFF . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . AUDIO 1 and AUDIO 2 analog input signals modulate directly the
FM modulators (AUDIO 1 modulates sound 1 FM carrier and
AUDIO 2 modulates sound 2 FM carrier).
MONO . . . . . . . . . . . . The same as OFF but the pilot carrier (with mono identification) is
inserted in the sound 2 FM carrier.
STEREO . . . . . . . . . . The coder performs the stereo coding using AUDIO 1 input for the
left channel and AUDIO 2 input for the right channel. Moreover the
pilot carrier (with stereo identification) is inserted in the sound 2 FM
carrier.
DUAL SOUND . . . . . . The same as OFF but the pilot carrier (with dual sound identifica-
tion) is inserted in the sound 2 FM carrier.
WIDE BAND . . . . . . . The same as OFF but the AUDIO 2 analog input accept signal up
to 100 KHz. In this way an external stereo encoder can be used
(see Fig. 2.13).
NICAM . . . . . . . . . . . . Sound 1 FM carrier is modulated directly by the AUDIO 1 analog
input, sound 2 carrier is the NICAM DQPSK digital carrier.
TELETEXT . . . . . . . . . The coder mode (MONO, STEREO or DUAL SOUND) is selected
automatically extracting the information from a selectable teletext
line. In this way it is possible to change the audio coding dynami-
cally with the video program.
Teletext line specification
The exciter can extract the information contained in a teletext line
with the following characteristics.
Bit value ”0”: black level, bit value ”1”: >70% of white level.
Bit duration: 333.333 ns.
First bit position: 11ms0.5ms from falling edge of the synchro-
nism pulse.
Bit shaping filter: Gaussian 6 dB.
Number of line bits: 152 (19 bytes).
Byte 1 and 2: 10101010–10101010; used for bit synchronisa-
tion (clock run–in).
Byte 3: 11100100; used for byte synchronisation (Framing
code).
Byte 4 to 19 used for service information.
Less significant bit of each byte is transmitted first: B0, B1, B2,
....., B7.
The audio encoder information are contained in the byte 7:
B3 B2 Audio Encoder
0 0 Fault
0 1 Mono
1 0 Stereo
1 1 Dual Sound
All the service information bytes are protected by hamming code

but the exciter take into account only the byte 7 and 8.
The exciter can correct up to 1 wrong bit per byte. If more than one
bit is wrong the exciter discards the related byte and increases an
error counter.
If more than a settable threshold (T.TEXT ALM TH in the menu
MODULATOR page 2) of consecutive wrong bytes are received,
the error counter overcomes the threshold and the TELETEXT
warning (in the menu MODULATOR page 7) is set.

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( L+R)/2
Left (L) AUDIO 1
STEREO
R/2 + Pilot MEX
ENCODER
Right (R) AUDIO 2
Fig. 2.13 – Connecting MEX to an external stereo coder
2.13.2 Internal Audio Coder set–up: stereo separation

The stereo separation is the feed–trough of the right channel to the left and it should be less
than –40 dB.
2. Connect the left channel to AUDIO 1 analog input (see Fig. 2.13).
3. Connect the right channel to AUDIO 2 analog input (see Fig. 2.13).
4. Set AUDIO ENCODER=STEREO in the MODULATOR menu page 2.
5. Set PREENPHASIS 1=ON and PREENPHASIS 2=ON in the AUDIO menu page 2.
6. Adjust the AUDIO 1 GAIN in the menu AUDIO page 1 in order to have a deviation of about
50kHz (DEVIATION 1 in the AUDIO menu page 1) at 400Hz.
53kHz (DEVIATION 1 in the AUDIO menu page 1) at 400Hz (Normally AUDIO 1 GAIN and
AUDIO 2 GAIN should be the same).
8. Set to zero the left channel input level source.
9. Adjust the AMPLITUDE FACTORY menu page 5 to have the stereo separation from 40Hz
to 15kHz greater than 40dB.
10.If is not possible to reach 40dB it is necessary to adjust the phase: adjust the PHASE in the
FACTORY menu page 5 to achieve 40 dB over the band 40Hz – 15kHz.
11. If necessary repeat the procedure from point 9.
12.LOGOUT in the menu FACTORY SET page 1.
2.13.3 External Audio Coder set–up: Wide Band Audio Input set–up
1. Connect the (L+R)/2 signal to AUDIO 1 analog input.
2. Connect the R/2 + pilot signal to AUDIO 2 analog input.
3. Set AUDIO ENCODER=WIDE BAND in the MODULATOR menu page 2.
4. Set PREENPHASIS 1=OFF and PREENPHASIS 2=OFF in the AUDIO menu page 2.
5. Set to zero the R signal on the external audio encoder to have only the pilot in the AUDIO 2
input.
6. Adjust W.B GAIN in the AUDIO menu page 2 in order to have a deviation of about 2.5kHz
(DEVIATION 2 in the AUDIO menu page 1).
7. Set the R input level on the external audio encoder in order to have a deviation of about
The fine adjustment of the system can be performed measuring the stereo separation.
2. Set to zero the left channel level on the external stereo encoder.
3. Adjust the AUDIO 1 GAIN in the menu AUDIO page 1 to have the stereo separation from
40Hz to 15kHz greater than 40 dB.
4. If is not possible to reach 40 dB it is necessary to adjust the Wide Band input phase: adjust
the W.B PHASE in the FACTORY menu page 5 to achieve 40 dB over the band 40Hz –
15kHz.
5. If necessary repeat the procedure from point 3.
6. LOGOUT in the menu FACTORY SET page 1.

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2.13.4 Using NICAM modulator with additional data

1. Connect ADDITIONAL DATA from the source apparatus to AD0 10 connector (see
Fig. 2.14).
2. Connect the external clock to CLOCK 728 KHz connector (see Fig. 2.14).
3. Connect SYNC output (DATA 728 Kbit/s connector) to the sync input of the external data
source apparatus (see Fig. 2.14).
4. Set AUDIO CODER=STEREO/DUAL SOUND in the NICAM menu page 2.
5. Set ADDIT. DATA=ENABLE in the NICAM menu page 2.
6. Set CLOCK SOUR.=INT in the NICAM menu page 2.
7. Set the proper clock edge in the NICAM menu page 2, according to the external data
source requirement (normally RISE).
ADDITIONAL DATA
AD0......10
ADDITIONAL
CLOCK 728kHz
DATA CLOCK 728kHz MEX
SYNC
SORCE DATA 728 KBit/s
CLOCK 728 kHz
AD0........AD10 AD0 AD1 AD3 AD4 AD5 AD6 AD7 AD8 AD9 AD10
SYNC (DATA 728 KBit/s)
Fig. 2.14 – NICAM modulator with additional data
2.13.5 Using external NICAM coder

1. Connect pre–codified NICAM data stream from external NICAM coder to DATA 728 Kbit/s
connector (see Fig. 2.15).
2. Connect the external clock to CLOCK 728 KHz connector (see Fig. 2.15).
3. Set AUDIO CODER=EXTERNAL in the NICAM menu page 2.
4. Set ADDIT. DATA=DISABLE in the NICAM menu page 2.
5. Set CLOCK SOUR.=EXT in the NICAM menu page 2 if the external coder provide a clock,
or set CLOCK SOUR.=INT if the external coder needs a clock.
6. Set the proper clock edge in the NICAM menu page 2, according to the external NICAM
coder specification (normally RISE).
7. Check the following alarms disappear: SYNTH 27.3 M in the NICAM menu page 3 and
CLOCK PRST, DATA PRST, DATA LOCK in the NICAM menu page 4
DATA 728KBit/s
DATA 728 KBit/s
EXTERNAL
NICAM MEX
CLOCK 728kHz
CODER CLOCK 728kHz
Fig. 2.15 – External NICAM encoder

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2.14 SETTING PRECORRECTION TABLES OF THE PRECORRECTOR

2.14.1 Enabling/disabling precorrector circuit
MEX is endowed with a precorrector circuit that can be enabled (ON) or disabled (OFF). The
precorrector circuit, in turn, can store up to 7 precorrection tables (1 to 7) which can be
enabled or disabled.
Setting precorrection
tables is allowed by
TX & HPA “PRECORRECT”
Status: NORMAL EXCITER menu. Once this menu
HISTORY
H.P. INPUT has been accessed, the
L.P. INPUT mask on the side is dis-
PRECORRECTOR OFF DVB NET
MODULAT. played:
PRECORR.
CURRENT TABLE 3 SYNTHES. The mask shows that:
REFEREN. precorrector is OFF
EX.RF OUT
DETAILS if precorrector will be
FACTORY
enabled, the active
CHANNEL FREQUENCY EXC RF OUT precorrection table is
26 514000000 Hz 0.00 W no. 3.
For enabling precorrector press “ENTER” key to change “OFF” into “ON”.
2.14.2 Enabling/disabling a precorrector table
For displaying the list of predistortion curves select page with “” arrow; the screen–
shot displayed is shown here below:
The mask shows that
precorrector table 3 is
active ( marker) and
PRECORRECTOR : ON : NORMAL
its limits of application
TAB CHANNEL POWER (dB) CURRENT are also displayed for
MIN MAX MIN MAX TABLE
the channel and the out-
1 21 27 –10 –7 3
2 26 30 –6 –4
put power.
3 26 30 –3 –1
POWER
N.B.: the numerical val-
4 31 35 0 0.9 SET ues are only by the way
5 0 0 0 0 of example!
0.8 dB
6 0 0 0 0
7 0 0 0 0 For setting another table
as operative press
“ENTER” key: a “”
26 514000000 Hz 0.00 W
pointer will appear close
to TAB column.
Using ”” and ”” arrows of the keyboard, scrolls the pointer close to the wanted predistortion
table. Press “ENTER” key: a “” pointer will appear right side of the table; using “” arrow shift
the pointer close to the other one on TAB column. Now press “ENTER” key a marker will
indicate that the new predistortion table has been selected.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 71 74
2.14.3 Setting the operative range of a precorrection table

It is possible to set the operative range (channels and power) of a precorrection table; this
setting is allowed by “PRECORRECT” menu. Once this menu has been accessed, select
page with “” arrow; the following screen–shot will be displayed:
N.B.: the numerical values are only by the way of example!
Press “ENTER” and use

”” and ”” arrows of the
keyboard, to scroll the
PRECORRECTOR : ON : NORMAL
pointer close to a new
TAB CHANNEL POWER (dB) CURRENT predistortion table. to be
MIN MAX MIN MAX TABLE
written. Press “ENTER”
1 21 27 –10 –7 3
2 26 30 –6 –4
key twice: at the first
3 26 30 –3 –1 pressure a “” pointer
POWER
4 31 35 0 0.9 SET will appear close to the
5 0 0 0 0 other one; at the second
0.8 dB
6 0 0 0 0 pressure a marker will
7 0 0 0 0
indicate that the new
CHANNEL FREQUENCY EXC RF OUT precorrection table has
26 514000000 Hz 0.00 W been selected.
Using ”” and ”” arrows of the keyboard, scrolls the pointer close to the wanted predistortion
table. Press “ENTER” key: a “” pointer will appear on the right side of the table; using “” or
“” arrow shift the pointer close to the datum to be entered. Now press “ENTER” key: the
selected datum will be underlined (the underline will flash), enter the wanted value using ””
and ”” arrows of the keyboard and confirm the setting pressing “ENTER” key.
Carry out this operation both for CHANNEL and for POWER column setting minimum and
maximum values.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 72 74
2.14.4 Setting a precorrection curve (AM/AM, AM/PM, AMPLITUDE or GR DELAY Pre–

Equalizer)
The setting of a precorrection curve for AM/AM Predistorter is allowed by “PRECORRECT”
menu. Once this menu has been accessed, select AM/AM or AM/PM or
AMPLITUDE or GR DELAY page with “” arrow; the following screen–shot will
be displayed:
On this screen–shot the
AM/AM active menus are the
+3 QUIT ones on the right–hand
RESET
AUTO side of the screen. They
may be selected by the
”” and ”” arrows.

...MEM 3 Selecting “QUIT” and
READ.... pressing “ENTER” key
SAVE.....
REFRESH you can go back to PRE-
CORRECTOR page.
–3dB ENVELOPE
TAB : 0 As far as the other
menus are concerned,
their meaning is the fol-
26 514000000Hz 0.00W
lowing:
– RESET . . . . resets the selected curve (AM/AM, AM/PM, AMPLITUDE or GR DELAY)
to flat (press “ENTER” key)
– AUTO . . . . . starts the automatic precorrection procedure (only for digital version).
NOT AVAILABLE FOR ANALOGUE AND DUALCAST VERSIONS.
– . . . . . . . . . . sets the minimum step (1/553) for changing a single bar of the precorrec-
tion curve. A single bar of the precorrection curve is made up by 553 seg-
ments. After selection, press “ENTER” key.
– . . . . . . . . . . sets the medium step (7/553) for changing a single bar of the predistor-
tion curve. After selection, press “ENTER” key.
– . . . . . . . . . sets the maximum step (35/553) for changing a single bar of the predis-
tortion curve. After selection, press “ENTER” key.
– ...MEM X . . . selects the memory (1 to 7) to be read or saved after modifications. For
changing the memory from 1 to 7, press “ENTER” key.
– READ.... . . . allows reading the selected memory. Press “ENTER” key and confirm the
reading by pressing the ”” arrow (YES). If ”” arrow is pressed (NO) the
reading is not carried out.
– SAVE.... . . . saves the changes on the selected memory. Press “ENTER” key and con-
firm the saving by pressing the ”” arrow (YES). If ”” arrow is pressed
(NO) the saving is not carried out.
– REFRESH . refreshes the screen–shot.
FOR SETTING A PRECORRECTION CURVE operate as follows:
1. Select the step for editing the curve (”” and ”” arrows) and press “ENTER” key.
2. Select the memory location (”” and ”” arrows) where the curve has to be stored and
press “ENTER” key until the desired memory is selected.
3. Press “ESCAPE” key and two arrows ↓ ↑ will be displayed above and under the bar to be
modified.
4. If the bar pointed out is not the one to be modified, shift ↓ ↑ arrows with “” or “” arrows of
the keyboard.
5. Using ”” and ”” arrows set the amplitude of the bar.
6. If necessary select another bar to be modified performing the procedure from step 4..
7. At the end of the setting press “ENTER” key (SEND..., will be displayed on the lower right–
hand side of the screen) to send the modifications to the precorrector.
8. If the precorrection is not satisfactory, perform the procedure from step 4..
9. Press “ESCAPE” key, select “SAVE” (”” and ”” arrows) and press “ENTER” key. Con-
firm the saving by pressing the ”” arrow (YES). If ”” arrow is pressed (NO) the saving is
not carried out. If no key is pressed within about 10 sec., no operation will be carried out.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 73 74
FOR CHANGING A PRECORRECTION CURVE already stored operate as follows:

1. Select the memory location (”” and ”” arrows) where the curve to be modified is stored.
2. Select “READ....” (”” and ”” arrows) and press “ENTER” key. Confirm the reading by
pressing the ”” arrow (YES). If ”” arrow is pressed (NO) the reading is not carried out. If
no key is pressed within about 10 sec., no operation will be carried out.
3. Perform the modification on the curve following the indications given on step 3 to step 9 of
the previous procedure.

D 12/03/09 VHF/UHF DVB–T/H 74 74

MEX - DVB Rev. D

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MEX MULTIMODE EXCITER

Electrosys s.r.l. Phone: +39 0763 3361

MEX MULTIMODE EXCITER

LOCAL REMOTE MAIN

MEX Multimode EXciter

A 15/11/06 MEX for: VHF/UHF ANALOGUE TV

Note for countries submitted to

As option the equipment may be provided

MEX Multimode EXciter

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 3

CHAPTER 2: OPERATING INSTRUCTIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 5

A 15/11/06 MEX for: VHF/UHF ANALOGUE TV

2.7 MENU AND CONTENTS FOR DUAL–CAST MODULATOR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18

A 15/11/06 MEX for: VHF/UHF ANALOGUE TV

Electrosys s.r.l. Phone: +39 0763 3361

D personnel safety requirements as specified by IEC 215 Standard;

D Council recommendation of 12 july 1999 on the limitation of exposure of the general

An operating or maintenance procedure, practice, condition and statement

An operating or maintenance procedure, practice, condition and statement

An essential operating or maintenance procedure, condition and statement

KEEP AWAY FROM LIVE CIRCUIT

DO NOT SERVICE OR ADJUST ALONE

2.2 Electric shock

2.5 Emergency First Aid instructions

VOLTAGES THAT ARE DANGEROUS TO LIFE ARE INVOLVED

Personnel engaged in the installation, operation, or maintenance of this equipment or

SKIN BLISTERED OR FLESH CHARRED:

EXTENSIVE BURN–SKIN BROKEN:

3 SPECIFICATION ON HANDLING AND DISPOSAL OF BERYLLIA

D Electrically faulty, but not mechanically damaged.

D Mechanically damaged components.

4 ABSTRACT OF APPENDIX “E” OF CEI EN 60215 SAFETY RULES

E.4 A RADIO–TRANSMITTER’S FUNCTIONING

E.6 PROCEDURE TO VERIFY ABSENCE OF VOLTAGE

E.7 WORK ON CIRCUITS UNDER VOLTAGE

E.8 OTHER DANGERS

Electrosys s.r.l. Phone: +39 0763 3361

A 15/11/06 MEX for: VHF/UHF ANALOGUE TV

1CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . page 3

A 15/11/06 MEX for: VHF/UHF ANALOGUE TV

CHAPTER 1: GENERAL INFORMATION

analogue section RF section

digital modulator power supply

Fig. 1.1 – Multimode Exciter functional areas

A 15/11/06 MEX for: VHF/UHF ANALOGUE TV

The functional performances of MEX may be summatrized as:

RS–232 CONTROLLER 1 PPS

Fig. 1.2 – Multimode Exciter general bklock diagram

A 15/11/06 MEX for: VHF/UHF ANALOGUE TV

Fig. 1.3 – Multimode Exciter rear panels views

A 15/11/06 MEX for: VHF/UHF ANALOGUE TV

MEX MULTIMODE EXCITER

N.B.: RF section shown, is

Fig. 1.4 – Multimode Exciter internal top view

A 15/11/06 MEX for: VHF/UHF ANALOGUE TV

MULTIMODE EXCITER MEX

Fig. 1.5 – Multimode Exciter internal bottom view

A 15/11/06 MEX for: VHF/UHF ANALOGUE TV

1.2 FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION

A 15/11/06 MEX for: VHF/UHF ANALOGUE TV

1.2.2 Digital Modulator Section

A 15/11/06 MEX for: VHF/UHF ANALOGUE TV

The digital modulator section includes the following boards: