aso available ina Book/CD package czech david short ‘© Do you want to cove the basics then progress fat? {Do you want to communicate in a ange of situations? ‘Da you want ofeen Czech in depth? ‘czech stars wih the basis but moves at an energetic pace to ‘lve you 2 good level of understanding, speaking and wring. ‘You wa nave lots of oppotunty o practice the kind of language you wil need to be able o communicate with eonfdence and Understand Czech cute, ‘David Short has taught Gzch for many year tthe Unversity of ‘Vat una books megrau-fil.com to se our complete range of Books. Cover © ©F ae Gehan Corbis # Entance Gate, Horsovsky Tn Caste, Czech Republic the leader in seff-learning with more than 300 titles, covering all subjects be where you want to be with teach yourself 5 ‘ii iczech david short Fer over 6D yours, moro than 40 milan poops ave lar ove 750 sect he teach yours wah mpressie eau, bv wher you var to bo wi teach yoursaitDavid Shor taaches Czech a the Schoo! of Slavoni and East European Studies, ‘University College London. Fu oes pc Bedi Pt, An, an See ne Olze_ about Olg) Ch>S as instfecha (roof) hence na sfeie (on the 1007) FF asin fara (vicarage), hence na fate at the vicarage) (stems are rare and occur only in foreign words) Similar alternations before -€ apply to a small number of ‘masculines and neuters (which therefore have not adopted the ‘a ending); such words willbe duly indicated as they occur. ‘Two advance warnings: the above rules do not apply to most masculine names of people and animals, which will be dealt with separately, And many more ‘hard? masculine nouns take the loeaive ending -u than the foregoing might suggest. The? will include cases such as ve Walesu and ¥ hotel, fending ‘The ending is general for sofenoun types, respective of gendee Fe spasculine Kober (carpet) a koberci_(on the carpet) Feminine Kanclat(ofce). vleanealati (alte ofc) | ¥ imasin-e sprivs (crater) spre) abo te i ‘retake “peut ine mote se) na moti nlom thea) | © n the special class of feminine nouns to which domécnost fongs uses the ending, as you saw inthe dialogue, ding ‘of the largese noun clases overall are the neuters ending in | &3| fou have sen several already asthe abstract nouns denoting callings and disciplines (novinafsti journalism). This has relatively few distinct forms, indeed you have sca that ocative forms are lke che nominative, cading in the same ng i (¥ novinatstvi). Not all items in whe clase share the sulla or cv ther examen ele yr ge), mira station), uméai (ar) ~ the last two cepresent Sub-clases of neuter nouns. mt i2 Functions of na with the locative case liserlly means on, a in na Bil (idle [f)) othe chair, fem (Teme [f} on the Thames, its widespread in many ‘of locations where English uses at sheet amen) a ato ety opt (ps) i thepostofice ‘tom koncerté (koncert) at thet concelt Bipledaicepdnatls)| arg ecue ‘thu (ech) {t (or on) the market times the opposite i trues English uses at and Czech v: King (kino) atin the cinema hole (skola afin the) school Pr (price) at work Slovensku in Slovakia Kypeu(Kypr) in Cyprus t Fleeting -- that inthe word kaberee (carpet) the -- before the final nan is lost in aa kobeuw 14 Ways of expressing relief jeltte (i's good thing that ox thank goodness that) conveys 2 particular atrude for which there is no convenient one-word device “in. English. Unlike the “more neutral ‘bobudik (fortunately) esbe must stand atthe head of the sentence 15 Gender in adjectives Had Jit (George) been fina (Georgina) ~ both are common ‘ames and hal abe wo been sg the would have sad Tos svobodad, using the feminine adjectival ending. ‘The form ofthe adjective zajimavy (interesting) appeacing inthe sialogue ~zajimavé— contain the basie nevterstagular ending, previously met in dobré rino. There will be more on adjectives Jn the next unit. Meanwhile, remember that the nominative singular ofthe main clase of adjectives is: ¥ (masculine) feminine) -€ (neater) 16 Negation Earlier you lent thatthe verb is negated by simple addition of the prefix ne-, Many adjectives can be negated in the same wy: ‘nezaméstnany (smemployed). To a lesser extent it algo works with nouns: neodboraik (nor -spectalist, Nedech (a now-Ceech. In all cases the stress shifts tothe ne, asthe new fis syllable, Exercises 7 You are sil finding out about the people round you. Ask Mr Navritil what job he does: ©. dy Bue Nu b You may have been misunderstood to be inquiing what he happens tobe doing here and now, so ask hist instead where he works: Ku Passea? © Asiifhe has a good job: Mu dios m...2 4 He has now asked you to sate your own jo el him, bt. tear in mind your sex (you may bea doctor, enor, ioutals, teacher, of you may use a icionay es fa oh fxpresion for your ati fb) Jo deans beefs Beara) 9 4 Now ak about Me Navrtis children's jobs (he has Sonand adaughterh Cd vas.tAcd ds Gonjctesathi wias hs « god ab Vorb musdemest? 10 Me Naveiilnow conjectures that you have no childen: IO hat do you expect o heat Vn bey 8? 444. Express regret that you have no child: Beever tw dh 42 You have been asked where you met. someone. ‘According to the pattern: Bylo to (it was). aa konferendi, "reply in tucn: At the post office, in school, in Brno, at home, atthe university, at work, atthe banky inthe plane- {could now increase your active vocabulary by returning to start ofthe couse, retrieving all the nouns you have met and ng them to gender ~ this really is an exercise in teaching jouself In most cases it will be obvious; for the rest you may eed to use the Glossary at the back ofthe book (of esusaton roughly equvelent {0 any nonars mosters Hence anyone comparable to an Engsehman wih N.Se. tr il write Ing. before the ama in Gzech. (The Speting ng, ily ‘sbbroviatod further to Ing, refets an earier sping of whole werd from tha ime when wae borrowed into Czech Fom ch.) Moreover since this is 2 Ile which recedes the name, & enters rio how you addross peopl in courteous usage, Gooch iy employ, ssn Garman, cademi or irctonal Wes instead suc a3 pane doktor, pane profesoe, pan profesor, Ingenjre, seo pane starosto (Mr Meyor, pane spravee (M ‘These terms are inthe vocalve (see Unt 14), that, cuside direct adress, al les, fom pan and pani .. pi) 0 Ing. prof. or avon kr (king, no atbraviston, n sir and lord, ae rational writen wth smal eters, ncreesingy Dr, Lord, Prot and Stee tobe seen captalzed 8 capa, usualy before the ram, In contrast o English Jus PhD. Jan Moudry, RNDr.Jossf Piao, JUDr. Vilay land MUDr Becfich Stavinoha have doctorates in, hlosophy (or ats). natural sciences, laws. and Note also th ties Mgr. (magist, f magistra mastr) the name and used by ars graduates aera fl five siettse, end Bo. (bakalat Bachelor) for those who have weyers of undergrads sy thse came nc use owhond on B £0€2%l] BSNOY NOK si yey ay|pAq yel 2 {this unit you wal learn + how to tac abeut how people + howto say numbers + how t tak about going visthd [Dialogue 1 Here is a conversation between pan Navréi and his English Fiend Mi Smith, who are comparing vars on this ropeeate Homes srith Ak byotar awit Byline yt evita Aw? eM. Wy linn doh rset aa, Fewtt Byala Ari bye? Smith Sarco Encik, noo ve vty, ko uv. awit Kok mato done miro? Smith Pat one poche nay Avy? Test) NAG bo rai. at Krona Pty cn cst fons. ef ves poke © peter, du, ‘smith vas byt? Navel Maro byt vi pus jana, Smith Coto znamans? Nawal Ze mame i pokoje - ob/vac pokoja dv lagrice chy ‘Smith Aco koupolna? Navid OvSemz0 mame koupeinu a zSctod, ae ty se nepotita. Smith Vas byt toy ner avast maly? Navid Asi ne, alo my méme poct, 2e v om vee vé2aku je mal Bydlime v byt8_ Wo vein aft ve vE2AKU ina tower block Vdomé ina house vvéintdku ina tonamentboek byt fat intake tonement Book WiLak _fower Dock ‘dim house ntkdo someone Mame svoj byvaam We have our own fevhouse koi how much, how many petal in) room ‘unde in our house, Jest poettéme kuchyh Jestlze 7 potitat count uchyi or kuchyne () chenNas byt Jo maty aly “ato bate ma pany dim beste akny na Goske poméry co to znamena? Totnice () oupeina "achod ty s0 nopoéitai 68 byt oa nent ease my vast ‘sine mime pocit 20 orto = . ‘on the other hand 4 Numerals: re enebetas kaa ee eccrine ce toe tone See esac aes peoen ied at one houselroom By Can ea Bi fistatnce) 01 ocbeehteted ig, are, great okmovzeli ‘me windowreabbage eee, Oe ar al atl iy at wk ona ; Be hones ae oa ee oa apse 4 at arco ryia vin Coch ftrascrut een set ‘What does that mean? t#i plus jedna meaning a living room, two bedrooms and a ‘bedroom | =n). eet go has wo forms, da for masculine and dv fr frinine sod mae i eke lid ep omer the plural wiieitye bats Sooans et, 80 for the time learn these as erent OO restos aes tae piece laa lc ieee ze mt Se se loony ae i, and four, dy, are ako followed by plurals, but there 9 In hal reat tower block fone form, irespective of gender ak byte? How do you ive? fin the sons What is your pokoje three rooms home tks?) bbyclet (bya) sve (= wep also stay, a8 na heal Kol mate misinst or pokoj]?- How many rooms do you have? imistnost ()_room (his word behaves ke domdenostin Unit) vis in your house, county, sitet class, case, te oméry "conitons (pomérrelaton(ship), ato, atu) (my) mdme byt 2+ 1 (rad 98 plus edna) we have a vor ‘oom fat objvact poh ial. roam (om of yal poko|_colouel eb) Iig oom tom objrat Stes) Stes Gateebel Here eerat | Tice four bedrooms yi oka ‘threefour windows tad all numbers above five are subject to special rues ‘wil be dealt with in a later uni. The same applies to Fe numerals Like several, many, and intecogative hore my the only one met so far: Koi). a! and ‘soft’ adjectives wil recall the important division of nouns into ‘hard? and ups sce Unit 3). There ae ‘hard and sof adjecsnes those discussed so far, with distinct gender forms, have ‘ofthe ‘hard ype. The ‘soft adjectives are much simpler: they are instantly recognizable, eespectve ofthe narure Sem-fnal consonant, by their ending, which isthe same Fall genders in the nominative.empsa x0! brat pak) fing room ‘sea Tome neo bedroom eta a range ty pair of near-synonyms fo words for room, mistnost and pokoj, are not Bangebl Minos dhe more gence word poke confined to “habitable” rooms, suchas bedrooms oF siting inh hn, heel ons 50h gunn ted ha Kolik mate pokoji?, the annwer would probably be the Boos olen wow cule pte ‘and bathroom. ‘of synonyms is pisusenstv (only one word but onmoner a appt snd cos kaspn, 3 How to express possession Possesion may be expressed in the same two basic ways as in English, with mit (fo have): Mame nové auto (We have a neve ar), and using the possessive pronouns, such as mij (my) nab (our) and vi8 (our. Later inthis wit you will meee most other ossessive words, but so far you have met svij (one's cum): Mame svij byt We have our own flat pea ae oe eae re fret ee ese ae eee Se rer ene aonee feces eee aera, ies ae Ra aie Deer eerie, Ne oui 4, ef aN eras ee ee aac eens ‘fom velkém vézéku ...~‘In that great tower the locatve mascalinesingnlar of en ia airs int se nepoia one of the pla forms Far devas in Unt ity with your new Prague fiends leads you to bout thei home. Fist ask he daughter Jana where she ives Her reply (Br) suger se as I home, so ask hour fh Kind of accommodation she ves in, ousarethen sted ilar queron Say hat at ome You oss fay ewe) lve na homes o ot n'a emer i aor ec Hor you happen tobe in Prague whee you ae alone tnd fs hol Repl ono. Now ask your Cech fiend Ivan about is bome: ak ee mmc: of rooms. ee ease fear inpresed by bi answer (Mame yi poo), spcmilan sc pou fw omal bute You Stays belo Bid ck eto Le tot acted Bathroom. (Tera special Caech way of yng chi Gan yourenember i) ton word: you have aleny met ome of thet inthis iteiou ns aad since they are ene o srr ss words, we may begin to systematize them, 4 Another use of se Notice how the reflexive pronoun se cam be use to form passive Ty se nepositai. They do not count| They are not counted. (Lit. Those do-not count (them}sclves) ‘This is very common feature of Czech, 5 Alternating vowels: d and 0 ‘The word dim (house) has a~in the nominative, but the other form inthe dialogue ~thelocative after v inl, v dom ~hes 0 Alteoation of d and o is particularly common between shore and longer version of the same item. Another word where 1 ‘occurs is svij: Miluje svGj Bye (She loves her foun) flat, but Miloje svoje auto (She loves Ber car). oryUsing this able, avempe asa when someone is (tt home) i Say you sometimes ive in London, € ask tomeone what thie fateh 4 indica that the phone is somewhere in the office, _atlewhich room fe yours ie asking mine or ons), of f which your oom, maps DDialogue 2 (suxoen) lea ‘The Smiths’ Czech friend, Ivan, is inviting ther to visit his flat You nagar ka your shoes oft van ‘Chceme vis pazvat k nam na névStéve, ‘heed no, not have to ‘Smith —_Dékuju, tojood vas mi ramove ones shooe wan Pid tedy ara v pled. remove of fotwear) ‘Mrs Smith U2 se tesime. (Gee Note 1) ‘The Snitis ave gottng ready to go (and practising ther Czech. ‘Smith Mame néco vzi? [Mrs Smith Snad bonboriéru nebo kyo Smith” Ano, to je dobr napa. Thay aro and are mat ati door dekuju pak’ thank you very much ran ‘Dobry den, vita vés u ns! ERNE ricly ‘Smith abr dan’ (He bogins fo remove hie shoes) Yetetime ad v'sodm we don't et ntl seven van Nemusite se zouvet. My 56 sice zowsme, sl¢ a2 not untae lt dvi rachodné nomust veedm at seven Mrs Smith Ale ano. My se doma zouvarmetaky, van’ Tak dobre, Tady male bazkory. Poe dal is porvat k ném na névitévu wo want to invite Smith —_ekujeme, rouse (Lt we want to invita you tous on il) van (whose wie nas appeared) tu vis predstai? To? ‘Miss Brabec what she is doing. Test ms Smith ‘Smith Smithova Pani Smithov8, vtém vis. Oh, to je krdené lyties. Dbkuju pk. Omiouvam se, ale jé moe neumim angi. ‘Smith je jenom trochu desky ‘Alo dvé Zany 9 v2dycky domluvl A my dva tay, £0? ‘Mame na to Gas. Vetofime a2 v sedm. htt (296 Note 8) to want pezvat (pazve) to into kendm fous, fo our place nanévétivu on a vs Phjdte come v poledne at noon poledne () neon, micay use time wee looking forward to it ‘mame néco vzit? should we take someting? ‘alt (vezme) fo take bbonboniéra box of chocolates bunch of towers that you have to go somewhere, aso vistors) asin Mme névBtBvu We've got ‘moje Zena, Maia,compa wet & bjt doma y sedm. I'm supposed to be at home at mit (nro aus verb denoting shou) My alesse nly emma whe we cb oat roma RERRIMT ULE at weer etre cD to greeitl Ut hen he tin sot ‘etert Ceti) hove ca. evening mea omer Bie eet ‘tar venta) ‘important verbs ume wth endings like sm), which ans can, but in the ease of acquired skill, though mes need tbe translated in other ways: pot? Gan’ you coum? wacorat. “He rons bow fo work is good worker. widely used, lke mluit, wich words ending in -y to Innguage known or spoken: (esky aanglichy. They speak Cech and Engh leah He loco’ kao ay Rian factor about some of these modal verbs is thee Notes 8 Can, may, must, should, mustn't, needn't Modal verbs are those vers which add a dimension beyond the saemen of tor 0 utsn about # fc hoe ae dimensions are chiefly to do with necessity, possibility, z dksiabity and so om, and are expresed in Englsh by such ‘with negation; ii the modal ie whichis negated verbs 85 cam, may, must, need not ought, should, and some pposiions as: thers. You have previously met moct (can) and ame (ma) bjt doma vsedm. He must (has to) beat home hut fo want) s sometimes included inthe same general group. ; seen ‘Not only moce (Unit 2, Note 16), but aso smet and cht have eran pele indir van forms ut sete ae ms bfedoma vse. Heed’ oat have) xeemely common the devi ome maa be mae” tics icc ae! a eee cy bf ino, He may Gs permitted to) be " eee ee = bore the reoraagl yous) aah sn cheat Bitsy bjt iso. He must not mot pert 0) fee tte om cd cher inthe mornings. iS mmiene ie a siseeanee vio) mato ste cote fad bjerino, He maybe herein the morning boy ete chu) So enh a (izle poaibleor eam) Saeco, Hecomtee ne mee tie sthomeaning eis notalowed) foes coon mi emit enn mat) ave 1) and mit, be sapponcdespeted fo} os definitely not ‘have to’, even ‘hove it looks like the ordinary mit bv, denoting pons: Compas oe semen: Maso fedora ¥ sed Chavo (ast be bare seven (tera Tbe troxbi 9 the object (accusative case) already mec the nominative (se Unit 1, Note 11), Unit 3, Note 6) and locative cases (se Unit 1, Note ‘Note 11). Here is the accusative cas. Its main eovnka wet &function it expres the person o hing to whom ow which Son nope se em eh Vim autfetviniMact. 1 (a) se the Gchabictocman Mary ‘he words auto, nu and Mai aren the accusative 4 The god news is that several iypes of nouns are unchanged fo he Somat al ee er aa ay eae | masculine thove which donot reo people or annals ete), and don eminnes that end in’ Consnant ko tos, domeno 0 Other ps offeminne noun undergo a change * ha feminine nous drop the inal - and seplace it by Praha becomes Prat: Perini dobie Pra (es ras Frage eh + ‘tof feminine nouns drop the foal nd py Angi becomes Angi rat je Ang en ves Eglo, In the dalogy the mors boon snd fi re ine Accunatvs, det object of the vb tae endcsoed fa ibe peviwsutrance € ‘Hard? mascline nouns denoting male beings and, ving Sc ame ins nt adn econ i hing: Perm syna/pan (Ptr Pato Soda dog eo Pea which lowes the --psok masculine animate oe sdk Uubjet tothe sping al summarize the main accusative endings of nouns: Nominative Accusatve ine har inanimate em ‘oft nenimate ——_oberee ‘har animate ‘owns will have to be leant as “soft in their behaviour their final consonant. These will be marked. when y_ Those whose stem ends in I are common, su a “idle (chair) (where the nominative ending “e gives 2 ed masculine animate uitl (teacher) ~ accusative uetele versus motion have noticed the use of different prepositions, and diferent cases, in. phrases expressing place as {0 motion, such as u nis (nds happens to be genitive) ‘emi nk 1 do's know a baer ae : ~ Cais date our Boe, The sae a ee eee Fapponition may also be expresed by diferent fore of eae eh Sdvcbe! Sacha doma (at Pome) and, dom The full pacer of placcmotion oppostions Tobe developed gradually. Meanwhile, another pes Between diferent cases after one and the ene as happens with aa. Compare for example ivRév (ndkle) be) ona vii (somewhere) Eva (akan) (go) on a ist (10 somehere) se forms aftr the preposition na —locative (0 tio place, ic. om ai) and. accuatve (or on OF goal conto, om to) respectively, opposition rpaacy, 4 Tie et steer on te rg. ‘Many masculine nouns end in-ek or -e, which like pes above | ‘contain a “fleeting -c“, lost when the accusatwe case ending added. otomek/potomka descendant, offpring chlapectchlapce boy Masculine aniimate nouns that end in -e in the nominai remain unchanged in the accusative: Neméme privodce. We bave no guide, ‘The distinction between animate and inanimate, or b ‘living? and ‘non-living’, is a erucial subdivision within ‘masculine gender only.Auto jede na most "The cars driving onto the r ae bam perches Woh foe « cance =, Asche oc tof wi je eee dee onan Pupore= pa of ght diet sre hk 9 possi tid ond tomate) ona Kena pee naam in cat me 11 Sice... ale ~ ‘Though’ ‘The word sice which is pared with ale in the next clause has ‘no dizect equivalent in English; it may be rendered by the conjunction while or though, or by the insertion of forms of do in the verbsphrase: 18 God) (0.9 (waving vehicles) Dama x in i, Wh Toh t ome be (pie to dinky healoo drinks beer oma sce pie ale v Praze He does drink tea at home, hho odmit (odmitat to refuse) Dud in Prague he declines 12 a ‘as much ai ‘The word a is combined with phrases expressing quantity or time to suggest relative lateness, distance and £0 on. these phrases which you will need if you wish to Tell che person you ace talking to that you wish 10 “invite him to your home. Try two. versions, one aking for yoursl (0), and one speaking for yourself d your spouse (we). In either case you may Tele t) ‘visiting us. all him to come noe before seven ‘8, when he aries, bid him come in and say he dn" chang his shoes. Hie may well indicat that ie is normal for him 10 change his shoes at home ay wel wha wll he probly i ing for himself (7), or of the whole family 18 Bidding ‘Come!’ ‘The full details of how to make commands will be introduced later. For nov, simply note that when Come! means here ad ‘nw, as in Come in in the dialogue, you should use Pojdie (Poid if addressing someone with whom you arc on familiar terms). the invitation is forthe person to come ata later time or dat ‘se Pile (or Pi), Pojdte sem! Come bere. ee ae Wee 5 You have wo bedrooms (the English response), You are the visitor: remark what a beautiful at hosts haves where the toile isin their at. zohan6 Using the diagram below, describe the apartment aif it es were @ your host or hostess's; and b your own; you may. Pe eects een at | | Senmbictache aera = ToS 2 2 streey Padahe “tecr dei hat Acheron oad ichndgrce ctl to the nouns they Guaify, the words jeho (bi) and eich Id i auc lla fie ds se apts ail an for example, v jejich byté (in their flat), or v jejich loznici (@" sen To say her use, jj, which does change according. to fanetion, but in the same way asthe sole adjectives “like ‘them it ends in, your sentences vatiously with Mojinieho byt et.) i OF V pokoji(e:.) ma/majimam/méme, according t0 fe. Remember that any words following will have to be ‘the accusative. Check any new words inthe vocabulary atthe back ofthe book. footwear ritual have been perplexed bout tho seus of footwear Whenever ‘arives heme he will automaticaly end immediately n tha change his cuoor shoes for house shoes or slippers ‘tis almost unknown for someone to pop out witout isindoor shoes. Al this may even happen oui tho font ‘he shoe box ce shel (botnik Boty = shoes) may be hough more usualy I wil be just aside th door of batkory for siopers yourmay meet another wore, pantate Instanca of 2 word with variable. gender, trom other pantfelo forinine pantofle, sing fends wil cquely automatically kick off thet shoss belore entering te fat and be prepared to wander ‘nei stockingod feet or, more probably. accept tha use ofa indoor shoes from the shoe-sha. in some hovaehelés xc0ption is made for vistors, hence the le taken nthe inthis un. The Czechs ae inmensaly hauseprous andthe rlualis just one ofthe mansestatons, couse et =ge19y Jeeu doysyoog e aay} s} epyeu n} af élAjednyyiuy BDialogue 1 Sith losin a strange town and runs to a passer-by, pan fac. Boe Smith Promito, prom. Jsom t cia nevi, ko jem. Novak Tose unas sdva, Nemate mapa? Mapu potfobujte ith Nomém. Je tu ndkde kninkupact? Ano, vei izko. Vit, tam na oh je hotel ‘Smith Ta vaks busova? "Novik Ano. Potom vito tu benzinoveu pump, 28? Dale jsut ‘bchody ane prune knnkupect, ‘gmt Dékuju. A pros ae jot. es = (so Nevitenanedou, jak daleko je odsud hotel Jada? Musim Si nejive odpotinou. Mam tentle vel kur a malo, alo “Smith tbzkou tse ‘Movak ott Jadran proce vite tam na rhu. — Ach ao, fem sey tn this unit you wa ier eek ee, jonom unvens “+ how to watch your Ps and 08 al Mate pravdu. Dékuju jet jednou za pomoc. + how to ask questions pole) Neméte zac. Uraé se zastavte v tom knhkupech. Maj eee reg fam dot apy ‘how ay ates he a ove? poset 18 som jaho majtel. Na shledenou! + aw to form are use coco Inthe accusativePromite, presi ‘deem tu ca ea vir, tle sem revi rom vadt ‘tivat 82 ‘mapa pottebovat Je tu nde knupect? ‘elnicupectt lk vit) ‘oh ta volkd budova 2 udove bonzinova pumpa ate jsou i obchoaiy ‘sl ‘obchod Inned prvnl Je knihkupect ned ‘nahoda lak. dren ‘musim si nejdive odpotinout Jonom oe) sméte pravdu pravéa ku oat jecnou dbkovat a (+ accusative) nemate 228 ure zastavie se cal in (parative) ‘Jak to vite? How do you know? Joho ts maj (2) ower saen areata 20 nds stavA that happens har (und Pre =n or town) eae a rohuje hotel thresh thre on te comer ae rosin vie eli ond one re tg (and pees on) ea nhodou jak... do you han okrow how (een you Ie here a bockabop ner hoe? ow by chancs ho.) z ‘ram here romano odkus fo whee) fatten fl pece vite na rohu Suey you can oot on the commer (0, (athe not ening n-ovt,pomee behaves frat pouting sdomscnost) tat basing pra! sao, poo pump ‘eon are ao foe Shope titer on iret ft oro at boottep immediatly store, cohatéence ‘er ac ne ofthe commonest verb in Caech Iti, as you se pee ke, feral, but you cannot go far without ead i 36 Enos re yourclt with acyt tora arose bis) stease aay ag ' ‘please’ Srey (sed nid protean ‘Word for please is pros (post = 10 Bi Tecked oo tee of te guest or tin oe, : rosin, Brcwse me, please. youre rote es a sequest, itis often, though not necessarily, ‘rath by vas (you, accusative after ‘T bes) ‘ onary wih (pon, accusative after Tbe). {oy ant you for som cent menor t ertyanos gy Por ‘rosim vis, jel néco, Please, (there's) something else [Na rohu je hotel There isa hotel on the comer. (a vatint of the expression in the dialogue). iil jsou tf obchody. _Furtherom tere ae thre shop \Very commonly, prosim and prosim vis are followed, almost | hese are distinct from: sedan, by the adverb pk cr). This ely a mark Hotel jena rohu. ‘The hotel ison the corner ‘Obchody jsou die. ‘The shops are further on. how inthe second ype of Baglsh sentence hot! and epee accompany thes Prosim is also used in these contexts 1 when waiters or shop assistants indicate their readiness to fake your order or save you, or when an offical ready to del With your enquity, ete they may simply say Prosim? (suid various rising or falling intonation), Len pace of English Yes, please or Can I help you? 'b when you stand bac to let someone else through a door frst, again say simply Prosim (on falling inconation; you will heat the same version affer someone has dane You a service brought ‘your meal, handed you your purchase, ef). This version also ‘the almost automati, neural response ro Dékuju. «and tis more polite than Co? (Whar?) 10 use Prosin? (with a Fising intonation) if you failed ro catch what someone has sai. How to make a polite enquiry you saw catia verb form, eg me, may mean not only et alo be Jou od om hie I you ete jonas an enquiry er request, there are several degrss of ss The simples to snk the question in the negative. [Nevite, kde je hotel Jara? Do you (not) know where the Jadran is? fel the person asked that you wa to know. The postive m ofthe question, Vite, kde. more appropriate fy, =Talready Know the answer and am checking whether do. A sigh) more deferential nguiry includes the word dou (dy chance), ans a good counterpart to the English ‘sed on Dappen and smile) ie nchodou, kde je Do you happen to know ? ‘where the jaan et 2 Saying ‘thank you’ ‘You mer the basic dékuju in Unit 1. Ie too can be enhanced 10 vopetarick tab (abe) > ab Also final bch and echange, bat far more conspicuously, Gin tand€tepectinely. _ st som fir Sova » Sua) Sn “mrder) mae ph ~ (row) pt Exch (Caaeh) Cot Ini ~ (ont) a toanater (manager manaicti Joktor> dtr da ee pe ee Se ele ee Gd wae ig teste Sul: ot ate sate, fe pes aed, saliget) sige ammumb re ete iy por pala) * {also politici) sh Ad i ot ll wr pss Trent Send Sere Sal 3 Srey ig, i) penises fincove gelomandmen [ore dridmamtmen Pin bas an aleracv paral is mini confined to sul dencifable groups of woes. [pours enang nt rails ower) Btn ich one win (ean Angler Enistmavinr) Yon ‘Wotan Kanacane carson) aban zens Nouns win at donake demoed yoke burnouts) And afew common oddments: eases ominonure) ste goes) fas some) Spenote Spanares) Jes loo osed for mantle (Mr and Ms, husband and wif Pal of mandala Gotu, many words espe hoseendingin (am, -at and Fapeteterubaier eapeehragsbe se prdets “hese endings, and any chang Uy ene apply soley wo the otninative plural, so nose the contrant with che accusative plural Nominative Accuiae Nominative Accusative ghid sky yan wah el Sogitint Aightny vom tle (sf)ar) Animacy only applies to masculine nouns, ie. it afecm ‘masculine nouns denoting living creators. Te i an izpor ‘ctor in the nominative plural and the accusative singular, you have seen 4 More uses of na Iman eat ane ou met the roposton a i the acu of Konferens, ic honeca, nd it seas fora conférence the reason of purpose for beng somewhere). In Cis un fave two related expressions ike thor in Unit 4, note 10} (eb na pre} oad forthe purpose). ives) nace ‘ing forthe jomey “here axe countess other posits, which will aot commented om separately, bu you coud neds rick n prio svashing pounder ‘isto na Kay rom fre ces 5 How to ask ‘why?! Wes expres by pos fom poo Yo what). Toe hi heavy bag Me Smath sys e it geologist and proto (tha. aeby) from pro to fr that reason) he needs his stones. ould have sth Mam kameny, protoie 1 have the stones because ‘sem geo Tam a geologist. “This inludes proto from pro toe» forthe fat that w isthe ordinary way of saying because. Pan Novik vi, fe v knibkupectvi maji mapy, protote je js aja Remember the ale abot commas hele sisusee = 5, Not 5. 6 Hezkou konferenci prey ~ \ wish you a pleasant conference’ Fe means to wish (omcbody somthing) and takes ote pa wh you oped fee ‘lien psu (sh you) is pls right tm Unit 1 took the form dol noe (noc is « feminine & Scion hy bon appt i rm = {Ete end of Unit 5. Bon voyage, another wish, expres Receno cee! stig = hep, ck exercises Conve herb anoane in thes ence tothe pr 4 yore you tnderstand both versions of each sentence. Pay Sih je Paz puw a ‘em cities. “i ‘ & Divka (he girl je Vellanka. fen. © Chel nih 1g Feng nea jor G Micatka aku, B Syn'nema zavacadl, ) Kansdan si mysig ge vid i Host nev kde fe ‘snik. chou 2 Using ma, make sensible expressions out of the following pais of irons (de order in which they arc given i noe ecasariy « guide). Example: Saty (diss, clothes) and Sonia (hanger > cmatnke nn ity ‘pneumatia (07) and Skodovka (Skoda) Alopis ler) and papic (paper) Inade (clot) and podlaha (for) 2b loot) and Karedk (brash) Isfalt and nice roa) ‘evo wood and pila (saw) St rac) nd Ven (ase) rity (65078 ie {vee and mov) zuma fnew lock} 1035 tn Dialogs tof his unit Me Soh ras to the customs ‘ofcial; now answer the following questions for him. Your fers may nr be as detailed as ME Smith's Own, “To jsoa joo avenadla? (Mi nejaké abot na prode| v Ceskérepublice? Goma viaice? Prof je aka tak 22k Nico portebaje Kameny? 90 D Dialogue 2 “Me Smith hs now moved on from customs to inmigeation. Pasowy ddnikPasovd Kono, Dory don Vis pas, rosin. ‘smth Prosi. Vide ne a pen Aan Sith Ko rato tv bydl? — Tot vase nen. Viiadentoadaeck Pheer adesa? feck 2rito evoje PSC? Urednie ‘Ano, céekavamejindro pana Smith, 2nd droga org olega (i) colleague ‘wosku podearivalifoyre abt suspicious about 17, Fouriain Gaydon, Maidenhead, Be se? ‘rei Potiown! sree! to - potovn! Ki, odeztivat fo suspect ‘ch, ane. SLE SOX ‘ub ehépu 1968 now ‘rednik “Tak eo v pola, Naxlbte so, 20 Vs ‘hapa (chips) see asin aaep, understand i. nde moc B26 pment ay sumsmes fo common “Toni. dd mate sve dovedy moe 00, vey (in normal uss) béiny common onary aterdka drog am kelegove na cnc) ale Je opravau moje butt wai mine! Podexivay vase waka zavazadia UE chip. Mam mec bé2né limon, ale peau mol. Je na tom ste — fe mony Novak: ame = fet name, semetinaa = whale rane Tremomber Imenovat se) ote no, fa vate btu fergiro mo fr pestrng it ts tahoe hs memo tak tus 20 and-hla ater toto “prose thin oltng) fit” auay excl conveys the idea ofa cnjocu) fore natom stan (on) 876 2am te sa. oat (it Meare on Fe sae) Notes 7 Stating your personal details Many of he dels you oud ey nfl on 3 forms, are taken eateof in the Dialogue. The sighely simpli mock-up of a form (formulaf) shown overleaf adds & few more Study the vocabulary ist Before trying to fl tin. previous ] {ema Le femate ate place Jieté mite v6 aivody aes ‘doves reason . otekivatonect be wating oe {fn teton) nimi wettknonn, familar, notorious smployer Bee see Alte where napeable peterdk smuggler to be sutaps,applieabie umeeam & Skrtnout fo cross out ohlavi sox Infzev name, ile (9. of company, book, net personal name) Not me mean madly, ee amin arc inthe geiive cane (cataate av whch you Rave not earned fully. " * ™ Fire! 8 ne Ios rn rant ei ren.) baba delve rope (Bahay cae) Si Geen et) misahael”— jour ba for mbes) 21) Gav anleomct inate mon om oa can) oe eee et ettent sam start ran mjy staan DIL +3) apts carton frm day pa) Be tah stant dearer tam hy a) ssifzousedé od aghoass fom sry ecu) ‘Rajstves ending in Kj and -ekf are treated differently. ‘ei etidend_ Geer once fom Esty set) wich Anta ova em err ‘ae ami nana (ess “Sot adjestives how no new changes a all the endings for Sethe, vest an accu pa) o al hee pede ‘Thus n Dialogue 1, osobad va was funixe accusative pla fovdiferen formally from smérovac ilo = neater accusative singular. ares of endings similar to those now seen in nouns and Zijenves inte nominative (and the vse and accusative Slr seo apply tothe posesve and demonstrative pronouns: 8 Plural adjectives and possessives As you hav already seen adjectives have log? caings. So 100 inthe plural. The great thing about ther noeinative: rosie and accusative plural i that there are selatvely fer fora worry about. The basie ending for "hard! adiceswer agreement with mascalineinaminate or feminine hous fe & rian kameny various stoner band vii wavous things “Two special forms are: a cane ean cra ‘ita oy Malte ena finan ante ed Bs olen ee es ne ea hang o final consonans, some more isle than others a8 ei ar a) ae am) Mercaine one Jt ok Noam mb Me we oR “e Acuine ——_Nemnate nd eo Stenting Moan vue — Aectne nk ob ve me oe ‘The shorter forms, ending in long vowels, ae jus like the hard? aujetives, The longer, more colloquial, forms, containing Show a soft patter ‘of endings, which, a8 usual, is more esmolol only he masculine shat nominative iswow 8 “Note: No form of svj can ever occur in the nominative the subject postion, since it can only crossreler to what the subject: -Mé rid svou sete, He (x) loves bis (x's) i ow er) “These tems, cading ini, tke sof endings, heed hse He the ooger wee ef ny (ol He mel snimst nominate pial evn) {en 9 haem) Mascuine srimate Noscatine inanimate sr feinine “These endings refer thse of and? moans, 0 you ma combine: atid Ti student jsou Cesi,y ‘Those students are Czech. Ty student poo Cy. Vidite ty sttnrdetiey. Wea thoe sdosh 9 Another way of apologizing Inviting somebody to ave geting enraged may sco a smh fay so ee eis sry soa rial fo this Ti Gomes rm abe beige wg inearm comes fom sabe loamy Seem fp Masculine nouns that end in Jape tere se er tg eal gel te -sifir languages. In the singular they have many case forms like feminines (accusative ends in -w, for example) but m the Spree tere ea OEE eee ee ee eae frp patuoe ern or er? mae Sa po ee en ere ae pos ewes oo ee a eee Bie fami rae ee eae 11 Prétel6! — ‘Friends!’ “The word pit (end sone ofthe many that end intl and des ti bar and hk ne singe fc Ie i-an oddity in having the extea change of to =i sede heoce Peal! (cbt, Nepodetirsae ss pee {i do nok spect on fend). Exercises 4 Complete your part of the following dilogue with « hotel receptionist. w ‘Say Excuse me. please: Recepéni Aro, o0 si pees? w ‘Aas fe Mot! Jai, Recepénl Ano. Mato tty objocndvia? w ‘Say you do have e booking Racepénl Vase jnéno, posi. Ww Give your. name (remember what 10 40 if youte femal) Recepéni Vas osstomt pas, prosim. .. Dékaju (she fonds “tbe. w (respond appropriately) Recepént Mohu se Vis zepat, Ade v Angi byte? w You ive in Manchester Say 0. Recopéni J4 tam mam pratele. Jmonuj! se Wimpenny Neznte je nhedou. w ‘Say unfotunatey ro. Menchoster I big oy FRecopéni Netlott s, 20 ve ak oieauu.et z g w Say that's a right acding tat you must ‘ane you sit need your ey), MIT (a), Recepent Tady je. Cislo 3 (padesat yw Thank her end say goodbye. 5 To what questions might you give these answers? “Taka mim v hrc Provo oto miso namie, Mznament ‘rf enamend ena Maan jon aly bt Y huts enoi osob ve, Tenco pap ea dopa. Toot Novikoris {Heat from bot dialogues inthis unital che nomi, and accusative plral forms. Separate nouns fom adja and pronouns, and accusative forms, fom nonead forms 7 What basi fet follows fom theinusgeation o sentence in the dialogue? ame Z0 More quirks about singular and plural wor {nthe last un you eam thatthe singular English door happens lo 8 plurl word in Czech = veto, Now you have mat the Engesh ‘uagage, which has plural, whie ts snet Czech equlalet ie ountale word, zavazadl, plural zavazadla o you must fink 8 moaning toms) of higgage. Intormace f (acco of veo {2nd rada (ece of acco bahave inte came way Then wo have ha English plural word goods, which normaly has ‘singular, while te C2ech equivalent sbod! is a sngulr word with lr, ‘Anothes related problem is where one word in one language ‘mean two things and you have to be alert to the difference: Engl bir meaning o single hairs Czocn via: ut the Gzoch purl ‘hair in the mass, i, onthe head: MA Gerné Vlasy Ue hos ‘ait least there's some loge that one! Then aga, wile zach plural werd daty has, as one aquvalon, an Engieh clothes, is frst meaning is a cress! ra é|eAo JSEIA 93S tn this uit you wi oan + how to say something about past events + how to say more about going places + now to use numbers above four éAPNIS NOK pip AOeKe aEUM ausap ase lt gz peepee Kite Te ante af ‘Mr Smith and his Carch colleague, Mr Navrétil, are finding Ween ii air eeloahi ul about each other's past during a break at’ the geok ‘mi tome. Hy sale de jsto viastnd studoval? where did you actualy sto? §, Sie mane te er namie Tones i sad ae vevaet emt pots jo il rome ir a Rose an replat. "a ” ‘zemfel past tense of zomPft(zemte) clo Sith 48d, pojte nam na kb. ‘Thay go off othe cafes place outside he conference hal awed Dito kalo bo tai? ‘Smith RadSi Cal Kavu sem pl iv ale to mi nol ‘Navratil Kote vasné studova? Na Kor univer? ‘Smith Plvosné Jsem atusovalv Edinburgh, ae na dl |nem 30 pfipravval nerve v Lond pot v Pro mluvim rechu Bashy Navel Neznal ste nhodou dldora Stunrta v Eanburgh, ‘fesora Willams ¥ Londjn8? ‘Smith Ano, zal ale doktor Stuart) ted v Now Yor Vitam 2emte Navratil J jsem viasind v8, 28 doktor Stuart Je v Naw Ye ‘ale tu smunou zoréw o profesor Wataru jsom| nesta. Key 6 oslo? ‘Smith Windy don, Mel fady bjt na kenerenes, ao non yo vel natekans » vel js ihe ‘pir par, ccupl,afow owe. bher wonterence ‘om ‘obeas hte ojate nakam na kav fava ite si kafe nebo ate (o) Ja jsom viawing vidal, 28 acually know that smutay 530 dy 90 stale? hon oat happen? S| ‘minal post lost Eel | nagokany unoxpected ‘edched dopatire waving Itovst dtu) + gentive fo reget chidsem se vis na ptr vie zaptat_ wart o ask you bod a few tings ‘se A frm of pt se + ganiiv fo ask (smeone) {ed mi nedBla dobfe now f makes mei (om Lt. i domsnt ome we a dort jpem se pivovel_ I prepare my dct Moravovat so propor (onesei, gel ready, tat study ‘eanaljte nahodou coora Stuarta? ch you happen fo "ino Or Stuor? doe Stuart Je ted? y New Yoru Or Stuarts in Now York row priv report, (tem a) nows (phir zprdvy the news) uring the conteronce ‘alo a0 pas les o tt se stane 80) 1 happen (prepostion» genitve) aunng ‘w amutnou zpriva jeer JoSténeslySel [adh hoard hat sometimes, fom tine fo tine sad news yet mB! ody bftna konforenel he was fo Pave beso atthe ‘enrece ‘mapas tone of mit (ere mit isn the special msaring of be supposed to) ast lense af eh (to want) come somewhore fa 3 cafes ‘cofee wil you have clio e toa voli jame jeho odchodu Mvall we much rogrtiod his (coli coe ‘sng en vale vry (th aectves): (er) much with verb)Notes 1 Forming the past tense “To form the past tense of aver first find he if. Remy the final -t and replace i wth“. This gives the form for {masculine singular: delat > dll (he was doi). Now, because past ense forms must ape with che gender these adda forse or any feminine sje sd, {orany neue subjes. Mate aa sadlan. Mary wax making re Cet oi out Tobie Tne Toyo mica ugsnespaced Nevohsil kin, Ath contr stood a (ba fre) you oe oy or oer masce} as ‘hoor dhe foi) was (er ober near we wo (ctleat oe of ral) wore ‘re tute ee a fons) Hee Joust asso of whom ie ml) ero Jou a a fone ae Sou one ae rer) wore ‘outer, roe) were (ey whom nmr aia) ware fey et whom ane a masons anima) wae ‘ey rut wre Inthe plaral they forms), gender manters more in wrt speaking, The scr wren ending ate for masculine fal (ul cus be men wanted) for maseline ian {nd feaineplual{solyleny bly he fabletuomen sod a for neuter plural (nesta Bylathe cites were orally you wil ear [and may st) general ‘pest. Novice how the pat tenseeings match the ens iRise types of mun you fave met, Mazen student Sud 8 asciine amen by amen Ay Feminine Near Stadone bya mio odors yee ‘To form the other persons you must use an auxiliary verb English have or was in, for example, I have dowe ot, [ae do a, However, you have aot much new to learn here: the Ca auulary verb inthe pat tense isthe Ist and 2nd person of the verb bgt, which you already know. This explains following forms in the dialogue: cht jer, pl jsem, emu jsem, phpravoval jm se, nesliel jem (all — male spel Studoval jste, memal jste (you: on vy-ctmsy the pet dened small tral jume (ue ~ at lest on of wh ‘The fll past cense, based on bgt, isin the following tablet ‘Nowe the important variety of you forms 4 singular pase tense forms (ending in 4 or Ja) with singular Susilary jt for informal address, et among children and close ends, by adults to children, among. stadents or soldiers — people who addeess one another ast b plaral past-tease foes (ending in or ty} with plural surilaryjse for any group of persons being addressed; «the rersion you are most likely to need fist: single past feave lows with plural ausilary jste t addres thowe with ‘whom you are sll on vy terms. The are socal niceties to be Shiered here and you should wait atl your Coech fiends ssgest you switch fom vy eo ty formas. Pest tence and word order ‘You will notice thatthe past-rense forms in the table have the ‘ugilaey verb in second place although in the dialogue you imigh: have noticed thatthe two parts were sometimes inverted roe even next to one another, This is because the ausulary verb mast bein the socond grammatical sor inthe sentence or use. Ausdiaies are, like sand si sresslest words (Unit 5, Note 12). This means that Me Smith might have said noc only Pivodad/jsem / stidoval/v Ediabusghu separates the slo ‘3 the sentence) but aso Sendoval / sem / puvodné / ¥ Edin- ‘burghu, Stadoval moves, but jsem (the auxiliary verb) remains firmly in the second slot. eae g use toot 20Gesepme aueoin ost ony & ‘40 ‘where there are several sessless tems fighting for this slog, the pasttease auxiliary always, wins, followed by feflexives Se and si, followed by uther pronoun he Novik’ wy protobe jaca se vas J chil / zeptat. The sentence without because would he: Chl sem se vs / Similarly, velmi me / jeho adchodw } ltovali ce converted to jeho ‘odchodu / jsme { veimi / ltoval diference in emphasis brought about by thit change of ‘order is relatively slight. In other circumstances the chy emphasis could be mitch greater ‘An important Czech-English contrast In English, you can answer what someone else has said using relevant auxiliary part, e. “Hus che beon? “Ver she bas ‘Did she go? "No she didn't. Ifthe question bas a au you use one anyway, 2g. “She went om Tuesday.” “Ob no iy Jn Caech, auxiliaries are weak words and area’t even used in third persons, so its the main part ofthe verb that iu replics. In the dialogue Me Smith is asked whether he ‘own De Stuart. His ceply omits the auxiliary and so is anal for I had (known) ot 1 did (row); because this ie Gialogue it would not be misunderstood to be the sort of that would mean Be Aric. ‘The Czech past tense is simple! ‘et yas om ofthe est tes Cahn wap {odin havo or bade beads YOu [Negation i also simple mater: jst add me- to the main vet {not to the auxiliary) neslyel jem. Watch out fr verbs of one labo Oneslable verb en tobe very common and you won't far with them, So nt nly must you lawn ther singular form, you mus anlar ay oes tere may bel th pasctzne form Basil the ae ha the ong isshorteneds bye bys mit" mal pt > pl Bat ifthe infinve contains ~, soctening it may change ‘vowel: mit > mél; cheit > cheel. = “This may also happen with ve other vebs: tet» All sch verbs mst be specially noted. Sse verb wth the long vowel ste tae con > wa br ae se 4 simple west for thi: length i noe Loe ifthe present Wet ootaine a} 38 mf babe tandng, i cots, ae Fee is playing. spe rer it bas a only ieregular pastas: — Segue ole scan animate 8 Fenn Msc iranimte Sy Newer 2 Animate masculines and the locative singular Tocatve singular ending for masculine animate nouns is Cities cos ind hoied scl coef Sins word Miuvime o profesorovi, Weave talking about the professor. Muvime profesoru We are talking about ‘Novikov Prof. Nov ‘Soft’ masculine nouns use just che ordinary soft cate ending J:o mul (abow the man), unless it i¢.a proper name, when oF i: send « Milo (about Milos), Nocce that Fnglih namet thar end ia + usually follow the Czech soft declension, hence nim profesora Willamse (soft accusative 3 Adjectives and the locative singular [= retained neue 4m Han teinne | ‘Sot mascuine anc reuier im Sat femine i fa standin hradé at the citi fra i zomenne old eautle ies eutcase semis nan sn ain omeone oar piven about na cn univers at a forge old university tiersty Possesive mij, ti svi share the ‘bard’ adjective endings mtn kul my suicases na evém stole on your desk ve ize i your book