derivation of formula

Derivation of Sum of Arithmetic Progression

Arithmetic Progression, AP
Definition

Arithmetic Progression (also called arithmetic sequence), is a sequence of numbers

such that the difference between any two consecutive terms is constant. Each term
therefore in an arithmetic progression will increase or decrease at a constant
value called the common difference, d.

Examples of arithmetic progression are:

2, 5, 8, 11,... common difference = 3

23, 19, 15, 11,... common difference = -4

Derivation of Formulas
Let

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Derivation of Pythagorean Theorem
Pythagorean Theorem
In any right triangle, the sum of the square of the two perpendicular sides is
equal to the square of the longest side. For a right triangle with legs measures aa
and bb and length of hypotenuse cc, the theorem can be expressed in the form

a2+b2=c2a2+b2=c2

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Sum and Product of Roots
The quadratic formula

x=−b±b2−4ac−−−−−−−√2ax=−b±b2−4ac2a

give the roots of a quadratic equation which may be real or imaginary. The ± sign
in the radical indicates that

x1=−b+b2−4ac−−−−−−−√2ax1=−b+b2−4ac2a and x2=−b−b2−4ac−−−−−−−√2ax2=−b−b2−4ac2a

where x1 and x2 are the roots of the quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0. The sum
of roots x1 + x2 and the product of roots x1·x2 are common to problems involving
quadratic equation.

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Derivation of Quadratic Formula
The roots of a quadratic equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 is given by the quadratic
formula

x=−b±b2−4ac−−−−−−−√2ax=−b±b2−4ac2a
The derivation of this formula can be outlined as follows:

Divide both sides of the equation ax2 + bx + c = 0 by a.

Transpose the quantity c/a to the right side of the equation.
Complete the square by adding b2 / 4a2 to both sides of the equation.
Factor the left side and combine the right side.
Extract the square-root of both sides of the equation.
Solve for x by transporting the quantity b / 2a to the right side of the equation.
Combine the right side of the equation to get the quadratic formula.
See the derivation below.